CN101406164A

CN101406164A - Layered cultivation technique of Japan marsupenaeus japonicus and supporting facilities thereof

Info

Publication number: CN101406164A
Application number: CNA2008102184432A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 申玉春; 叶宁; 朱春华; 王合喜; 吴灶和
Original assignee: Guangdong Ocean University
Current assignee: Guangdong Ocean University
Priority date: 2008-10-13
Filing date: 2008-10-13
Publication date: 2009-04-15
Anticipated expiration: 2028-10-13
Also published as: CN101406164B

Abstract

The invention provides a layered marsupenaeus japonicus culture technique and an ancillary culture facility thereof. The culture technique divides a marsupenaeus japonicus culture pond into three culture layers from a surface water layer to a bottom layer in order to perform three-dimensional culture, wherein the surface layer is a large-sized aquatic plant cultivating layer and is provided with an aquatic plant cultivation floating bed; a middle layer is a marsupenaeus japonicus culture layer and is provided with a marsupenaeus japonicus habitat sand table; and the bottom layer is a marsupenaeus japonicus culture layer as well. Large-sized aquatic plants are cultivated on the surface layer so as to produce aquatic plants which can fully absorb and utilize large amount of inorganic nutrient salt produced during marsupenaeus japonicus culture so as to purify culture water body on the one hand, and can shade from the sun and reduce temperature so as to provide a suitable habitat environment for the marsupenaeus japonicus on the other hand. The middle layer is provided with the marsupenaeus japonicus habitat sand table, and marsupenaeus japonicus culture production is performed on both the middle layer and the bottom layer, thereby increasing effective habitat space for the demersal marsupenaeus japonicus, which is equal to the area expansion of culture water body and can increase the culture yield of the marsupenaeus japonicus in the water body per unit by 30 to 40 percent. Biological bait is directionally cultivated to feed the marsupenaeus japonicus.

Description

Japan's capsule prawn layering cultural technique and auxiliary facility thereof

Technical field

The present invention relates to Japanese capsule prawn layering cultural technique and supporting breeding facility thereof.Relate in particular to a kind of by algae---shrimp, culture biological layering three-dimensional culture pattern and the supporting breeding facility thereof that constitutes for two kinds.

Background technology

Japan capsule prawn (Marsupenaeus japonicus) also claims ring shrimp, spot joint shrimp, flower shrimp and car shrimp.Be distributed widely in India, Australia, Red sea, Tanzania, the Philippine southeastern coast to Japan, coastal on the south China Jiangsu also have a distribution.Japan's capsule prawn fine and tender taste, the flavour deliciousness, nutritious, be high protein, the low-fat food that liked by people.Japan capsule prawn has low temperature resistant (preference temperature of growth is 17～29 ℃, stops eating for 8～10 ℃, and is dead below 5 ℃, coastal can the surviving the winter naturally in south), energetic, anti-dried ability advantages such as strong (can not be with water live shrimp transportation).From the nineties, China Japan capsule prawn culturing scope enlarges from south to north gradually, has developed into the pool cultivated leading kind of national coastal various places shrimp in recent years.But in actual breeding production, Japanese capsule prawn culturing survival rate is on the low side, causes cultured output not high.Main cause is that Japanese capsule prawn is that territoriality is stronger, the carnivorous shrimps of the cannibalisation that tool is certain, and the end habit of dwelling is liked at the bottom of the husky mud, in the sand bed below Shamian Island 1～3cm of hiding daytime, nocturnalism.Because it is limited to culture substrate space, the pool, become the restraining factors that improve the pool cultivated benefit of shrimp, can not the high density intensive culture, become the key factor that the Japanese capsule prawn culturing output of restriction improves.

Tradition is cultured and to be adopted extensive cultivation of the native pool and spreading to spread the aquaculture model of husky half intensive culture more, if cultivation density is bigger, requires the also corresponding increase of daily ration, feeding quantity, and residual bait is many, and ight soil is many, the precipitation of the dead and suspension of algae in addition, and the pollutant accumulation of sand bed and bottom is rapid.And the water of sand bed and bottom is relative static, if water temperature is higher, dirt very easily rots smelly, causes the sand bed blackening, causes Japanese capsule prawn morbidity dead.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of Japanese capsule prawn layering cultural technique and supporting breeding facility thereof, overcome the deficiency of existing aquaculture model, create a kind of " algae-shrimp-shrimp layering three-dimensional culture technology and breeding facility; thus utilize pool space to greatest extent; under the prerequisite of ensuring the quality of products; improve the matter and energy transformation efficiency of Japanese capsule shrimp culture pond, improve Japanese capsule prawn output.

The present invention is divided into three to Japanese capsule shrimp culture pond from epiliminion to bottom and cultures layer, carries out three-dimensional culture, and the top layer is provided with aquatic macrophyte cultivation floating bed, is the aquatic plant cultivation layer; The middle level is provided with prawn and perches sand table, is the prawn culturing layer; Bottom also is the prawn culturing layer, and each is cultured the pond epiliminion and is provided with aeration system, and seed is put into the Japanese capsule shrimp culture pond that injects seawater after sand filtration, and each is cultured the pond water and requires disposable injection, and the directive breeding biological feed is ingested for Japanese capsule prawn.

What the present invention had increased the end dwelling property Japan capsule prawn effectively perches the space, promptly is equivalent to enlarge the breeding water body area, can make the cultured output of unit of water body Japan capsule prawn improve 30%～40%.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the present invention Japan capsule prawn layering pond structure figure;

Fig. 2 is floating bed of the present invention and sand table fixed support figure;

Fig. 3 is that middle level of the present invention prawn perches sand table figure;

Fig. 4 is aquatic macrophyte cultivation bed figure of the present invention.

Embodiment

As shown in Figure 1, pond construction is cultured in Japanese capsule prawn layering.Shrimp pool area 0.4hm ², the dark 1.7m in pond can keep depth of water 1.5m during the breed.Brick mix structure rectangle cement pit, aspect ratio 3: 2, Chi Changxiang is consistent with water inlet direction and the strongest monsoon wind direction, is beneficial to the exchange of new and old Chi Shui.Thickness 0.05mm mulch film in shop at the bottom of the pond, mulch film upper berth particle diameter is the fine sand of 0.5mm, sand bed thickness 15cm, clay content 25%.Central drainage is established in the shrimp pond, tilts gradually to central discharge outlet 6 at the bottom of the pond, and than reducing to 3%, the Chi Shuike gravity flow drains.Central authorities' discharge outlet 6 is connected with subsoil drain 7 at the bottom of the pond, and the Chi Shuike gravity flow drains shrimp pool area 0.4hm ², the dark 2.0m in pond can keep depth of water 1.7m during the breed.

As shown in Figure 2, fixed support (5) is a kind of high-strength polyethylene (HDPE) material, and material diameter 40mm is made up of 6 root posts (8), 5 crossbeams (9), and column (8) highly is fixed in the shrimp pond and just surfaces afterwards; The length and width of crossbeam (9) are consistent with the length and width of sand table (3), floating bed (4), and 5 crossbeams (9) 0.5m place at the bottom of the pond is fixed on the column (8), and fixed support (5) uprightly is fixed in the shrimp pond.

Shown in 3 figure, the middle level prawn perches sand table, rectangle high-strength polyethylene (HDPE) material box-like body, and long is 2m, wide is 1m, dark 0.12m.The end is the sieve plate 13 of tool pervious function, aperture 10mm, lay successively on the sieve plate 13: ground floor is 40 order nylon mesh tulles 11, the second layer is a thickness 2cm rough sand layer 12, grains of sand diameter 3mm, the 3rd layer is that 120 order nylon mesh tulles are the fine sand layer 10 of thickness 8cm for 11, the four layers, grains of sand diameter 0.5mm, sand table 3 0.5m at the bottom of the pond is fixed on the fixed support 5.

As shown in Figure 4, aquatic macrophyte cultivation floating bed 3, rectangle vinyon plant attaching net 15, long is 2m, and wide is 1m, and mesh is 2.0cm, and plant attaching net 15 is provided with water plants 14, adopts two-way outstanding the lying on the fixed support 5 of hawser.

Aquatic macrophyte cultivation floating bed 3 and middle level prawn perch sand table 4 and account for 1/3 of shrimp pool area, are uniformly distributed among the shrimp pond.

The prawn culturing aeration system is provided with 2 paddle aerators along diagonal, and floating bed 3 is avoided in the installation site, and agitate water flow path direction unanimity makes pond central authorities produce rotary water current, helps the bottom dirt and concentrates to central sewage draining exit.

Water filling.Seawater after sand filtration is injected Japanese capsule prawn layering breed pond, and Chi Shui requires disposable notes foot.

Seed is put in a suitable place to breed.It is 0.8～1.0cm that Japan's capsule shrimp culture pond is put shrimp seedling specification in a suitable place to breed, and stocking rate is 1.0 * 10 ⁴～1.5 * 10 ⁴Tail/mu, water temperature should be controlled at about 15 ℃ when putting seedling.

Aquaculture management.Main contents comprise: bait throwing in, fertilising, change water in right amount, contents such as sand are washed in blowdown.

Claims

1, a kind of Japanese capsule prawn layering cultural technique and auxiliary facility thereof, it is characterized in that: Japanese capsule shrimp culture pond is divided into three from epiliminion (1) to bottom (2) cultures layer, carry out three-dimensional culture, top layer (1) is provided with aquatic macrophyte cultivation floating bed (3), is the aquatic plant cultivation layer; The middle level is provided with prawn and perches sand table (4), is the prawn culturing layer; Bottom (2) also is the prawn culturing layer, each is cultured pond epiliminion (1) and is provided with aeration system, and seed is put into the Japanese capsule shrimp culture pond that injects seawater after sand filtration, and each is cultured the pond water and requires disposable injection, the directive breeding biological feed is ingested for Japanese capsule prawn.

2, according to described Japanese capsule prawn layering cultural technique of claim 1 and auxiliary facility thereof, it is characterized in that: Japanese capsule shrimp culture pond is a brick mix structure rectangle cement pit, aspect ratio is 3: 2, and Chi Changxiang is consistent with water inlet direction and the strongest monsoon wind direction, and spreading specification at the bottom of the pond is 150g/m ²Mulch film, mulch film upper berth particle diameter is the fine sand of 0.5mm, sand bed thickness 15cm, clay content 25%, central drainage is established in the shrimp pond, tilts gradually to central discharge outlet (6) at the bottom of the pond, than reducing to 3%, central authorities' discharge outlet (6) are connected with subsoil drain (7) at the bottom of the pond, and the Chi Shuike gravity flow drains shrimp pool area 0.4hm ², the dark 2.0m in pond can keep depth of water 1.7m during the breed.

3, according to described Japanese capsule prawn layering cultural technique of claim 1 and auxiliary facility thereof, it is characterized in that: aquatic macrophyte cultivation floating bed is a kind of rectangle vinyon plant attaching net (15), long is 2m, wide is 1m, mesh is 2.0cm, plant attaching net (15) is provided with water plants (14), adopts two-way outstanding the lying on the fixed support (5) of hawser.

4, according to described Japanese capsule prawn layering cultural technique of claim 1 and auxiliary facility thereof, it is characterized in that: it is a kind of rectangle high-strength polyethylene material box-like body that the middle level prawn perches sand table, long is 2m, wide is 1m, dark 0.12m, the end is the sieve plate (13) of tool pervious function, aperture 10mm, lay successively on the sieve plate (13): ground floor is 40 order nylon mesh tulles (11), and the second layer is a thickness 2cm rough sand layer (12), grains of sand diameter 3mm, the 3rd layer is 120 order nylon mesh tulles (11), the 4th layer is the fine sand layer (10) of thickness 8cm, and grains of sand diameter 0.5mm layer, sand table (4) 0.5m at the bottom of the pond is fixed on the fixed support (5).

5, according to claim 3,4 described Japanese capsule prawn layering cultural technique and auxiliary facilities thereof, it is characterized in that: fixed support is a kind of high-strength polyethylene material, material diameter 40mm, form by 6 root posts (8), 5 crossbeams (9), column (8) highly is fixed in the shrimp pond and just surfaces afterwards; The length and width of crossbeam (9) are consistent with the length and width of sand table (4), floating bed (3), and 5 crossbeams (9) 0.5m place at the bottom of the pond is fixed on the column (8), and the upright fixation of fixed support (5) is among the shrimp pond.

6, according to described Japanese capsule prawn layering cultural technique of claim 1 and auxiliary facility thereof, it is characterized in that: aquatic macrophyte cultivation floating bed (3) and middle level prawn perch sand table (4) and account for 1/3 of shrimp pool area, are uniformly distributed in the shrimp pond.

7, according to described a kind of Japanese capsule prawn layering cultural technique of claim 1 and auxiliary facility thereof, it is characterized in that: culturing aeration system is along diagonal 2 paddle aerators to be set, floating bed (3) is avoided in the installation site, agitate water flow path direction unanimity, make pond central authorities produce rotary water current, help the bottom dirt and concentrate to central sewage draining exit.

8, according to described a kind of Japanese capsule prawn layering cultural technique of claim 1 and auxiliary facility thereof, it is characterized in that: the directive breeding biological feed quantitatively applies organic cultivation zoobenthos at the breed initial stage, regularly, quantitatively applies inorganic fertilizer during the breed and cultivates plankton.