CN115500293B - Spiral shell net cage culture method - Google Patents

Spiral shell net cage culture method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115500293B
CN115500293B CN202211215411.3A CN202211215411A CN115500293B CN 115500293 B CN115500293 B CN 115500293B CN 202211215411 A CN202211215411 A CN 202211215411A CN 115500293 B CN115500293 B CN 115500293B
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China
Prior art keywords
snails
net cage
cage
net
water
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CN115500293A (en
Inventor
王剑
徐跑
钟明兰
何杰
莫昌平
何琼玉
何英梅
王兰
梁广海
欧武阁
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Guangxi Xinjian Investment Group Co ltd
Guangxi Bama Xinjian Industrial Group Co ltd
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Guangxi Xinjian Investment Group Co ltd
Guangxi Bama Xinjian Industrial Group Co ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/50Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
    • A01K61/51Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of gastropods, e.g. abalones or turban snails
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a snail net cage culture method, and relates to culture technology. Before the breeding period of snails, putting parent snails into a net cage, and sinking the net cage into the water; feeding the snails in the net cage by a still water deposition feeding method according to the breeding and growing period of the snails; after the corresponding period of feeding, the net cage is taken out of the water, and finished snails are harvested; after harvesting, the net cage is sunk into the water bottom to a position consistent with the position before the cage is lifted, so that the snails leaked from the net cage during the cage lifting can return to the net cage through the bottom net of the net cage; continuously breeding the snails in the net cage, and harvesting finished snails in the net cage before the snails are in the next breeding period; meanwhile, the corresponding amount of snails in the finished snails are used as parent snails and are put into the net cage again for continuous cultivation. The invention has the advantages of simple and convenient management, convenient feeding, high utilization rate of feed, circulated cultivation after one-time throwing and good economic benefit.

Description

Spiral shell net cage culture method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cultivation technology, in particular to a snail net cage cultivation method.
Background
Snails are important aquatic animals and can be eaten, and the snails have the functions of purifying and protecting water environment. The snails are mollusks, can take the organic matters in water, such as residual bait and feces, can filter or scrape the sediment or the cluster algae on the pool wall, achieve the aim of purifying water quality, can absorb a large amount of calcium and carbon dioxide in water, and are active carbon sink fishery. As the biological functions of snails in the ecological environment are more and more important, natural rivers and lakes in China are forbidden to catch. In order to meet the requirements of people on utilization and consumption of snails, it is necessary to develop snail culture.
In nature, many wild animals, even fish, feed on snails, so that the growth of snails per unit area in natural environment is very limited. The snails can be well bred only in ponds or in water areas with eutrophication and lack of natural enemies. For this reason, many farmers breed snails in a running water area (such as a river reservoir) rich in nutrients through a net cage, so as to obtain snails with larger yield and better quality. The traditional breeding mode is to place young snails in a net cage, and after the young snails are bred for 6 months, all young snails grow into finished snails, namely, the young snails are harvested after the young snails are taken out of the net cage. And (5) after harvesting, continuously putting young snails into the net cage, and culturing again. However, most farmers put in at least hundreds of net cages, which also causes that the farmers need to spend more funds when purchasing young snails, and the economic benefit is difficult to improve.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects of the prior art, provides a snail net cage culture method, and solves the problem of overlarge purchasing expense caused by purchasing young snails each time.
According to the snail cage culture method, a proper cage putting point is selected in a running water area, and a plurality of fixing rods are erected at the cage putting point to serve as a putting mark and a cage positioning device;
A certain amount of microbial preparation is dissolved in a soaking tank, and a net cage to be put in is soaked in the soaking tank for a set time; after the soaking time of the net cage reaches the set time, taking out the net cage and moving the net cage to a putting mark position;
before the breeding period of snails, putting parent snails in corresponding proportion into the net cage according to the size of the cross section area of the net cage, and installing the net cage on a fixed rod so that the parent snails sink into the water along the fixed rod;
Feeding the snails in the net cage by a still water deposition feeding method according to the breeding and growing period of the snails; after the corresponding period of feeding, the net cage is taken out of the water, and finished snails in the net cage are harvested;
after the harvested net cage is soaked in a soaking tank in which the microbial preparation is dissolved for a set time, the net cage is mounted on a fixed rod again, and is submerged in the water to a position consistent with the position before the cage is lifted, so that snails leaked from the net cage during the cage lifting can return to the net cage through the bottom net of the net cage;
Continuously breeding the snails in the net cage, and harvesting finished snails in the net cage before the snails are in the next breeding period; and meanwhile, taking the corresponding amount of snails in the finished snails as parent snails, and putting the parent snails into the soaked and sterilized net cage again for continuous cultivation.
The suitable putting point is a water activating area with depth of less than 2m, flat water bottom, soil or silt and water transparency of less than 40 cm.
The microbial preparation is put in the proportion of 1:1000-1:2000 according to the water content in the soaking tank.
The soaking time of the net cage is 20-60min.
The feeding amount of the parent snails is that half a jin to one jin of parent snails are fed into the cross section area of the net cage per square meter, and the ratio of female snails to male snails in the parent snails is at least 1:10.
The still water deposition feeding method is characterized in that a depositor which is matched with the cross section area of the net cage is arranged on the fixed rod, and the depositor extends from the water surface to the top of the net cage, so that water in the depositor cannot flow along with running water in the water area; the feed is evenly put into a plurality of depositing holes in the depositing device.
A double-layer net cage is arranged, a protective gap is arranged between the inner box and the outer box of the net cage, and the sediment device is matched with the cross section area of the inner box of the net cage.
The mesh structure of the inner box and the mesh structure of the outer box of the net cage are consistent; the unilateral length of the side mesh of the net cage is 3mm-5mm, and the unilateral length of the bottom mesh of the net cage is 10mm-20mm.
The inner box edge of the net box is provided with a plastic strip with smooth surface and elasticity, one side of the plastic strip is sewn at the edge of the inner box, and the other side of the plastic strip extends towards the inner part of the inner box.
The inner box and the outer box of the net cage are of open top structures, and a net cover with a net mesh single side length of 20cm-30cm is arranged at the top of the outer box.
Advantageous effects
The invention has the advantages that: the parent snails are put in culture before the snail breeding period, so that the parent snails are harvested for the first time after young snails are bred, and the problem that the growth of snails is influenced due to overlarge food required by snails caused by overlong culture after snail breeding can be effectively avoided. After harvesting, the net cage is placed at the original placement position, so that the snails leaked from the net cage during the cage lifting can return to the net cage through the bottom net of the net cage for continuous cultivation, and after the snails are cultivated to finished products, the cage can be lifted again for harvesting, thereby realizing the twice-a-year harvesting of the finished products of the snails and ensuring the economic benefit of farmers. In addition, the snails with corresponding quantity are taken out from the snails after the second box lifting as parent snails and are fed again, so that the problem of overlarge purchasing expense caused by purchasing young snails each time is solved, and the economic benefit of farmers is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cage installation structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a deposition apparatus according to the present invention.
Wherein: 1-fixed rod, 2-net cover, 3-net cage, 4-depositor, 5-deposition hole and 6-sleeve.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below in connection with the examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way, but rather as falling within the scope of the claims.
The invention relates to a snail net cage culture method, which comprises the steps of selecting proper net cage throwing points in a running water area. The net cage putting point should select a running water area with depth of less than 2m, flat water bottom, soil or silt and water transparency of less than 40 cm. The transparency of the water body is small, so that nutrient substances contained in the water body, such as substances rich in phosphorus, nitrogen and the like, are rich, and can bring partial food sources to the snails, thereby being beneficial to the culture of the snails.
Referring to fig. 1, after the net cage delivery point is determined, four fixing rods 1 are erected at the net cage delivery point to serve as a delivery mark and a net cage 3 positioning device.
The cage 3 has a square structure and can be set to a size of 3m×3m×0.4 m. Four dead levers 1 are arranged on four end corners of the net cage 3, and the net cage 3 is movably connected with the dead levers 1 through a cylinder. The cylinder is made of a material with higher density than water, such as iron, aluminum, plastic and the like. The fixing rod 1 can be a bamboo pole or a metal pole.
The unilateral length of the side mesh of the net cage 3 is 3mm, and the unilateral length of the bottom mesh of the net cage 3 is 15mm. Most of snails are forged in the mud layer, so that the bottom net mesh of the net cage 3 is designed to be larger, and the non-finished snails can be effectively filtered out of the net cage 3 during the box lifting. The lateral meshes of the net cage 3 are designed to be smaller, so that young bolts can be prevented from escaping from the net cage 3.
A quantity of the microbial preparation is dissolved in the soaking tank. The dissolution ratio of the microbial preparation and water is 1:1000-1:2000. The net cage 3 to be put in is soaked in the soaking tank for about 30 minutes to sterilize the net cage 3 and allow the microbial agent to sufficiently enter the knitting yarns of the net cage 3. The microbial preparation can effectively reduce the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, enhance the immunity of snails and increase the survival rate. And taking out the soaked net cage 3, and moving to a putting mark position. The microbial preparation of this example is a microbial preparation currently available on the market, and the present invention does not improve the components thereof.
Prior to the breeding season of snails, in general from the month of October of the current year to the month of Marsh of the next year, a corresponding proportion of parent snails is placed into the cage 3 according to the size of the cross-sectional area of the cage 3. Specifically, the feeding amount of parent snails is that half a jin to one jin of parent snails are fed into the cross section area of the net cage 3 per square meter, and the ratio of female snails to male snails in the parent snails is at least 1:10. Parent snails are snails of about one year old, and in the southern area, the parent snails can be bred in 3 months each year with water temperature higher than 20 ℃.
After the parent screw is put in, the cylinder of the net cage 3 is sleeved on the fixed rod 1, so that the net cage 3 is sunk into the water along the fixed rod 1. After the net cage 3 is submerged to the water bottom, the bottom of the net cage 3 enters the mud layer under the influence of the self weight of the net cage 3, and the side net of the net cage can form a package shape on the mud layer in the net cage 3, so that snails can be effectively placed to escape from the net cage 3. The parent snails in the net cage 3 can eat organic matters in the water.
In order to accelerate the growth speed of the snails, the snails can be fed regularly. However, since the net cage 3 is under the water surface of the running water, the conventional bulk feeding method cannot be applied to the net cage culture of snails. For this purpose, the feed is periodically fed into the cage by means of still water deposition feeding to feed parent snails therein.
Referring to fig. 2, the still water depositing and feeding method is that a depositing device 4 with the cross section area matched with the net cage is arranged on a fixed rod 1, and the depositing device 4 extends from the water surface to the top of the net cage 3, so that the water in the depositing device 4 cannot flow along with the running water in the water area. Since the water in the sediment device 4 is in a static state, the water is favorable for the subsidence of the feed and cannot be taken away by water flow, and therefore, the feed is directly and uniformly put into a plurality of sediment holes 5 in the sediment device 4 during feeding.
The depositor 4 of the present embodiment is mainly formed by splicing low density polyethylene plates. The corners of the fixed rod are fixedly provided with sleeves 6 so that the depositors 4 are sleeved on the fixed rods 1. The sleeve 6 should be made of metal, such as iron, aluminum, etc., so that the weight of the sediment vessel 4 is not too light to sink into the water.
Under the condition of manual feeding, as food is more sufficient, partial snails can grow into finished snails in about 4 months. The finished snails can be harvested after 7 months. However, the culture time is shorter than the average culture time in the industry by 6 months, so that some snails still do not grow into finished snails. Therefore, when the snail is lifted, the snail with the size smaller than that of the finished snail will leak from the bottom net of the net cage 3, and the finished snail will remain in the net cage 3. Pouring out the finished product of the snail. Because not all young snails fall down by themselves during the box lifting, after the young snails are harvested, the young snails can be selected out of the net cage 3 or taken out of the net cage 3, and after the net cage 3 is disinfected and re-put into water, the young snails are put into the net cage 3 through the depositor 4 for continuous cultivation.
The harvested net cage 3 is soaked in a soaking tank in which the microbial agent is dissolved for about 20min, and after sterilization, the net cage 3 is mounted on the fixed rod 1 again and is submerged in the water at a position consistent with the position before the cage is lifted, so that the snails leaked from the net cage 3 during the cage lifting can pass through the bottom net of the net cage 3 and return to the net cage 3.
After the snails are cultivated in the corresponding period of time, the snails can be continuously lifted and harvested. For example, finished snails harvested in 7 months can be harvested at the end of the year, twice a year, after 4-6 months of cultivation. In this harvest, a part of snails are taken out and put into the net cage 3 as parent snails, and then put in again for feeding. Thereby solving the problem of overlarge purchasing expense caused by purchasing young snails each time.
For example, the initial placement of the parent screw into the 3m×3m×0.4m cage 3 is typically 9 jin. When the snails are harvested, the average value of the harvest of ten net cages is calculated, and the finished snails harvested by each net cage is generally 45 jin. And (5) primarily harvesting, and taking out and selling all the finished snails. When the snails are harvested for the second time, 9 jin of snails are taken out from the finished snails to be used as parent snails, and the snails are continuously put in for feeding.
In order to provide a safer growing environment for snails, the structure of the net cage 3 is improved in the embodiment, and the specific improvement is as follows.
The net cage 3 is arranged into a double-layer structure, namely an inner box and an outer box are included, and the net mesh structure of the inner box and the net mesh structure of the outer box of the net cage 3 are consistent. Putting parent snails into the inner box. A protective gap is arranged between the inner box and the outer box of the net cage 3. The protective gap plays a role in buffering, so that the problem that the snails are easy to damage or die due to the fact that fishes directly impact the snails can be avoided, and a safe growing environment is provided for the snails in the inner box.
The inner box and the outer box of the net cage 3 are of open top structures, and the net cover 2 with a single side of 30cm is arranged at the top of the outer box, so that the fodder can be deposited in the inner box through the net cover 2.
Furthermore, the depositor 4 matches the internal box cross-sectional area of the net cage 3. When feeding the fodder, the fodder concentrates and deposits in the inner box for the food of inner box is richer, can attract snail to concentrate in the inner box.
In addition, in order to reduce the snails climbing out of the inner box through the top of the inner box, the embodiment is provided with a smooth elastic plastic strip at the edge of the inner box of the net cage 3, one side of the plastic strip is sewn at the edge of the inner box, and the other side of the plastic strip extends to the inside of the inner box. The snails will be difficult to attach to the plastic strip due to the smooth surface of the plastic strip. Even if the snails can be attached, the plastic strip can swing under the stirring of water flow because of the elasticity of the plastic strip, so that the snails on the plastic strip can swing down into the inner box.
While only the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it should be noted that modifications and improvements can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the structure of the present invention, and these do not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the utility of the patent.

Claims (8)

1. A snail net cage culture method is characterized in that parent snails with corresponding proportion are put into a net cage subjected to microorganism soaking treatment according to the size of the cross section area of the net cage before the snail breeding period, and the net cage is sunk into a net cage putting point in a water area;
Feeding the snails in the net cage by a still water deposition feeding method according to the breeding and growing period of the snails; after the corresponding period of feeding, the net cage is taken out of the water, and finished snails in the net cage are harvested;
after the harvested net cage is subjected to microorganism soaking treatment again, the net cage is sunk into the water again, and the sunk position of the net cage is consistent with the position before the cage is lifted, so that snails leaked from the net cage during the cage lifting can return to the net cage through the bottom net of the net cage;
Continuously breeding the snails in the net cage, and harvesting finished snails in the net cage before the snails are in the next breeding period; simultaneously, continuously breeding the corresponding amount of snails in the finished snails as parent snails;
Selecting a proper net cage putting point in a running water area, and standing a plurality of fixing rods at the net cage putting point to serve as a putting mark and a net cage positioning device;
The still water deposition feeding method is characterized in that a depositor which is matched with the cross section area of the net cage is arranged on the fixed rod, and the depositor extends from the water surface to the top of the net cage, so that water in the depositor cannot flow along with running water in the water area; the feed is evenly put into a plurality of depositing holes in the depositing device.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the microbial soaking treatment comprises dissolving a certain amount of microbial agent in a soaking tank, and soaking the net cage to be put in the soaking tank for a set time; and taking out the net cage after the soaking time of the net cage reaches the set time, and moving the net cage to the position of the putting mark.
3. The method for cage culture of snails according to claim 2, wherein the microbial preparation is added according to the water content in the soaking tank in a ratio of 1:1000-1:2000; the soaking time of the net cage is 20-60min.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the amount of parent snails is from about one-half jin to about one jin of parent snails per square meter of cross-sectional area of the net cage, and the ratio of female snails to male snails in the parent snails is at least 1:10.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein a double-layered cage is provided, a protective gap is provided between the inner and outer cage of the cage, and the depositor is matched with the cross-sectional area of the inner cage of the cage.
6. The method for cultivating snails in net cage according to claim 5, wherein the inner and outer net cages have the same mesh structure; the unilateral length of the side mesh of the net cage is 3mm-5mm, and the unilateral length of the bottom mesh of the net cage is 10mm-20mm.
7. The method for cultivating snails in net cage according to claim 5, wherein a smooth elastic plastic strip is provided at the edge of the inner cage, one side of the plastic strip is sewn at the edge of the inner cage, and the other side of the plastic strip extends toward the inside of the inner cage.
8. The method for cultivating snails in net cages as claimed in claim 5, wherein the inner cage and the outer cage of the net cage are both open-top structures, and the top of the outer cage is provided with a net cover with a net mesh single side length of 20cm-30 cm.
CN202211215411.3A 2022-09-30 2022-09-30 Spiral shell net cage culture method Active CN115500293B (en)

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