CN115500293A - Snail cage culture method - Google Patents
Snail cage culture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115500293A CN115500293A CN202211215411.3A CN202211215411A CN115500293A CN 115500293 A CN115500293 A CN 115500293A CN 202211215411 A CN202211215411 A CN 202211215411A CN 115500293 A CN115500293 A CN 115500293A
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- 241000237858 Gastropoda Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 title description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000237852 Mollusca Species 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/51—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of gastropods, e.g. abalones or turban snails
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding snails in a net cage, and relates to a breeding technology. Before the breeding period of the snails, putting parent snails into a net cage, and sinking the net cage to the water bottom; feeding the snails in the net cage by a still water deposition feeding method according to the breeding and growth periods of the snails; taking out the net cage from water after feeding for a corresponding period, and harvesting the finished snails; after harvesting, sinking the net cage into the water bottom at the position consistent with the position before lifting the net cage again, so that the spiral shell leaked from the net cage during lifting the net cage can return to the net cage through the bottom net of the net cage; continuously breeding the snails in the net cage, and harvesting finished snails in the net cage before the snails are in the next breeding period; meanwhile, a corresponding amount of the spiral shell in the finished spiral shell is used as a parent spiral shell and is put into the net cage again for continuous cultivation. The invention has simple and convenient management, convenient feeding, high utilization rate of the feed, and good economic benefit, and can circularly carry out cultivation by once feeding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a culture technology, in particular to a method for culturing snails in a net cage.
Background
The spiral shell is an important aquatic animal, and has the functions of purifying and protecting water environment besides being edible. The snail is a mollusk, can ingest organic matters in water, such as residual bait and excrement, can filter or scrape substrate mud or clustered algae on the pool wall, achieves the aim of purifying water quality, and can absorb a large amount of calcium and carbon dioxide in water, thereby being an active carbon sink fishery. As the biological functions of the spiral shells in the ecological environment are more and more important, the fishing of the spiral shells in natural rivers and lakes in China is forbidden. In order to meet the demand of people on the utilization and consumption of the spiral shells, the spiral shell breeding is very necessary.
In nature, many wild animals, even fish, feed on snails, so that the amount of snails growing per unit area in the natural environment is very limited. Only in pond or eutrophication water area lacking natural enemy can the snail be bred well. Therefore, a plurality of farmers adopt the net cages to breed the spiral shells in the running water areas (such as river reservoirs) rich in nutrient substances so as to obtain the spiral shells with higher yield and better quality. The traditional breeding mode is that all young snails are generally placed in a net cage, and after breeding for 6 months, all the young snails grow into finished snails, namely the snails are lifted out of the cage and harvested. And (4) continuously putting young snails into the net cage after harvesting, and culturing again. However, most of farmers have at least hundreds of net cages, which causes that the farmers need to spend more funds when purchasing young snails, and the economic benefit is difficult to improve.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of the prior art, provides a method for cultivating snails in a net cage, and solves the problem of overlarge purchasing expenditure caused by purchasing young snails every time.
The invention relates to a snail net cage breeding method, which comprises the steps of selecting a proper net cage throwing point in a running water area, and erecting a plurality of fixing rods at the net cage throwing point to serve as a throwing mark and a net cage positioning device;
dissolving a certain amount of microbial preparation in a soaking pool, and soaking the net cage to be put in the soaking pool for a set time; after the soaking time of the net cage reaches the set time, taking out the net cage, and moving the net cage to a throwing mark position;
before the propagation period of the snails, putting the parent snails in a corresponding proportion into the net cage according to the size of the cross section area of the net cage, and mounting the net cage on a fixed rod to enable the net cage to sink to the water bottom along the fixed rod;
feeding the snails in the net cage by a still water deposition feeding method according to the breeding and growth periods of the snails; taking out the net cage from water after feeding for a corresponding period, and harvesting the finished snails in the net cage;
after the harvested net cage is soaked in a soaking pool in which a microbial preparation is dissolved for a set time, the net cage is installed on the fixed rod again, and the net cage is sunk into the water bottom to be consistent with the position before the net cage is lifted, so that spiral shells leaked from the net cage during the lifting of the net cage can return to the net cage through a bottom net of the net cage;
continuously breeding the snails in the net cage, and harvesting finished snails in the net cage before the snails are in the next breeding period; meanwhile, a corresponding amount of the spiral shells in the finished spiral shells are used as parent spiral shells and are put into the net cage after soaking and disinfection again for continuous cultivation.
The suitable throwing points are selected from a running water area with the depth of rivers and lakes less than 2m, flat water bottom, soil or silt and water transparency of less than 40 cm.
The adding amount of the microbial preparation is determined according to the water amount in the soaking pool, and is in a ratio of 1.
The soaking time of the net cage is 20-60min.
The feeding amount of the parent snails is that half jin to one jin of parent snails are fed into the net cage in each square meter of cross section area, and the ratio of female snails to male snails in the parent snails is at least 1.
The still water sedimentation feeding method specifically comprises the steps of mounting a depositor matched with the cross section area of a net cage on a fixed rod, and enabling the depositor to extend to the top of the net cage from the water surface so as to prevent water in the depositor from flowing along with running water in the water area; feed is evenly dispensed into a plurality of depositing holes in the depositor.
A net cage with a double-layer structure is arranged, a protective gap is arranged between an inner box and an outer box of the net cage, and the depositor is matched with the cross section area of the inner box of the net cage.
The mesh structures of the inner box and the outer box of the net cage are consistent; the length of the single side of the side mesh of the net cage is 3mm-5mm, and the length of the single side of the bottom mesh of the net cage is 10mm-20mm.
The edge of the inner box of the net cage is provided with a plastic strip with smooth surface and elasticity, one side of the plastic strip is sewn at the edge of the inner box, and the other side of the plastic strip extends towards the inside of the inner box.
The inner box and the outer box of the net cage are both of open top structures, and a net cover with the length of a mesh single side being 20cm-30cm is installed at the top of the outer box.
Advantageous effects
The invention has the advantages that: the parent snails are put in and bred before the breeding period of the snails, so that the parent snails are harvested for the first time after breeding young snails and growing young snails, and the problem that the growth of the snails is influenced by too much food required by the snails due to too long breeding after the snails are bred can be effectively avoided. After harvesting, the net cage is continuously placed at the original placing position, so that the spiral shells leaked from the net cage during lifting can return to the net cage through the bottom net of the net cage for continuous cultivation, and can be lifted and harvested again after being cultivated to finished spiral shells, thereby realizing twice harvesting of the finished spiral shells in one year and ensuring the economic benefit of farmers. In addition, the spiral shells with corresponding amount are taken out from the spiral shells after the second time of unpacking to serve as parent spiral shells for re-feeding, so that the problem of overlarge purchasing expenditure caused by purchasing young spiral shells every time is solved, and the economic benefit of farmers is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a net cage installation structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a depositor according to the present invention.
Wherein: 1-fixed rod, 2-net cover, 3-net box, 4-depositor, 5-depositing hole and 6-sleeve.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to examples, but not to be construed as being limited thereto, and any number of modifications which can be made by anyone within the scope of the claims are also within the scope of the claims.
The invention relates to a method for cultivating snails in a net cage, which comprises the steps of firstly selecting a proper net cage throwing point in a running water area. The net cage throwing point should be a running water area with the depth of rivers and lakes less than 2m, flat water bottom, soil or silt and water transparency less than 40 cm. The transparency of the water body is low, so that the nutrient substances contained in the water body, such as substances rich in phosphorus, nitrogen and the like, are rich, partial food sources can be brought to the snails, and the culture of the snails is facilitated.
Referring to fig. 1, after the net cage drop point is determined, four fixing rods 1 are erected at the net cage drop point to serve as drop marks and net cage 3 positioning devices.
The net cage 3 has a square structure, and the size thereof can be set to 3m × 3m × 0.4 m. The four fixed rods 1 are arranged on four end corners of the net cage 3, and the net cage 3 is movably connected with the fixed rods 1 through a cylinder. The cylinder should be made of a material with higher density than water, such as iron, aluminum, plastic, etc. The fixing rod 1 may be a bamboo rod or a metal rod.
The unilateral length of the side mesh of the net cage 3 is 3mm, and the unilateral length of the bottom mesh of the net cage 3 is 15mm. Because the snails mostly find food in a mud layer, the mesh of the bottom net of the net cage 3 is designed to be larger, and non-finished snails can be effectively filtered out of the net cage 3 when the net cage is lifted. And the side meshes of the net cage 3 are designed to be smaller, so that young snails can be prevented from escaping from the net cage 3.
Dissolving a certain amount of the microbial preparation in a soaking pool. The dissolution ratio of the microbial preparation to water is 1. The net cage 3 to be thrown in is soaked in the soaking pool for about 30 minutes to disinfect the net cage 3 and make the microbial preparation fully enter the braided wire of the net cage 3. The microbial preparation can effectively reduce the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, enhance the immunity of the spiral shell and improve the survival rate. And taking out the soaked net cage 3 and moving to a throwing mark position. It should be noted that the microbial preparation of this example is the microbial preparation currently available on the market, and the present invention does not modify the components thereof.
Before the propagation period of the snails, in the month of november of the current year to march of the next year, the parent snails in a corresponding proportion are put into the net cage 3 according to the size of the cross section area of the net cage 3. Specifically, the parent snails are thrown in the amount of half jin to one jin of parent snails per square meter of the cross-sectional area of the net cage 3, and the ratio of female snails to male snails in the parent snails is at least 1. Parent snails are snails of about one year, and can be bred in 3 months per year and at the water temperature higher than 20 ℃ in south regions.
After the parent snail is put in, the cylinder of the net cage 3 is sleeved on the fixed rod 1, so that the net cage 3 sinks to the water bottom along the fixed rod 1. After the net cage 3 sinks to the water bottom, the bottom of the net cage 3 enters a mud layer under the influence of the dead weight of the net cage 3, and a side net of the net cage can wrap the mud layer in the net cage 3, so that the spiral shell can be effectively placed to escape from the net cage 3. The parent snails in the net cage 3 can eat the organic substances in the water.
In order to accelerate the growth speed of the snails, the snails can be fed regularly. However, the net cage 3 is positioned at the bottom of running water, so that the conventional bulk cargo feeding mode is not suitable for the net cage culture of the spiral shells. For this reason, this example periodically puts the feed into the net cage by the still water sedimentation feeding method to feed the parent snails therein.
Referring to fig. 2, the still water sedimentation feeding method is that a depositor 4 matched with the cross-sectional area of a net cage is installed on a fixed rod 1, and the depositor 4 extends from the water surface to the top of the net cage 3, so that the water in the depositor 4 can not follow the running water in the water. Because the water in the depositor 4 is in a static state, the feed is favorably sunk and cannot be taken away by water flow, and therefore, the feed can be directly and uniformly thrown into a plurality of depositing holes 5 in the depositor 4 when the feed is fed.
The depositor 4 of this embodiment is primarily made of low density polyethylene plates by splicing. The corner of the fixing rod is fixedly provided with a sleeve 6 so that the depositor 4 can be sleeved on the fixing rod 1 conveniently. The casing 6 should be made of metal, such as iron or aluminum, so that the self weight of the settler 4 is not too light to sink into water.
Under the condition of manual feeding, as the food is more sufficient, part of the spiral shell can grow into the finished spiral shell in about 4 months. Namely, the finished snail can be harvested by taking out the box in 7 months. However, the culture time is shorter than the average culture time of 6 months in the industry, so that part of the snails still do not grow into the finished snails. Therefore, when the box is lifted, the spiral shells with the size smaller than that of the finished spiral shells will leak from the bottom net of the net cage 3, and the finished spiral shells will be left in the net cage 3. And pouring out the finished product of the snail. Because not all young snails all fall off by oneself when getting out of the box, consequently, after the results, can choose young snails or take out it from box with a net 3, wait that box with a net 3 disinfection finishes, and after reinputing into water, put into box with a net 3 through depositor 4 again with these young snails and continue to breed.
The harvested net cage 3 is soaked in a soaking pool dissolved with microbial preparations for about 20min, after disinfection, the net cage 3 is installed on the fixed rod 1 again and is sunk into the water bottom to be consistent with the position before lifting, so that spiral shells leaked from the net cage 3 can return to the net cage 3 through a bottom net of the net cage 3 during lifting.
After the snails are bred in corresponding periods, the snails can be taken out of the box and harvested. For example, the finished snail harvested in 7 months can be harvested at the end of the year after being cultivated for 4-6 months, and the snail is harvested twice a year. In the harvesting, a part of the snails are taken out and put into the net cage 3 as parent snails, and then the parent snails are put into the net cage again for feeding. Thereby solving the problem of overlarge purchasing expenditure caused by purchasing young snails every time.
For example, the initial throwing of parent snails into a 3 mx 0.4m net cage 3 is typically 9 jin. When the finished snails are harvested, the average value of the harvested finished snails in ten net cages is calculated, and the weight of the finished snails harvested in each net cage is generally 45 jin. And (5) harvesting for the first time, and taking out and selling all finished snails. And when the snails are harvested for the second time, taking 9 jin from the taken finished snails as parent snails, and continuously feeding the parent snails.
In order to provide a safer growth environment for the spiral shells, the structure of the net cage 3 is improved in the embodiment, and the specific improvements are as follows.
The net cage 3 is set to be of a double-layer structure, namely, the net cage comprises an inner box and an outer box, and the mesh structures of the inner box and the outer box of the net cage 3 are consistent. And (5) putting parent snails into the inner box. A protective gap is arranged between the inner box and the outer box of the net cage 3. The protection clearance plays the effect of buffering, can avoid fish direct impact to the spiral shell to cause the spiral shell to appear damaging or dead problem easily, provides a safe growing environment for the spiral shell of inner box.
The inner box and the outer box of the net cage 3 are both of open top structures, and the top of the outer box is provided with a net cover 2 with the length of a single side of a net being 30cm, so that feed is deposited in the inner box through the net cover 2.
Furthermore, the depositor 4 matches the inner box cross-sectional area of the net cage 3. When the feed is fed, the feed is intensively deposited in the inner box, so that the food in the inner box is richer, and the snails can be attracted to be centralized in the inner box.
In addition, for reducing the spiral shell that climbs out the inner box through inner box top, this embodiment is equipped with a smooth surface and has elastic plastic strip in the inner box edge of box with a net 3, and the edge of making up at the inner box of one side of plastic strip, and the inside extension of the inside of the other side toward the inner box of plastic strip. Because the surface of the plastic strip is smooth, the spiral shell is difficult to be attached to the plastic strip. Even if the spiral shell can be attached, the plastic strip has elasticity, and the plastic strip can swing under the stirring of water flow, so that the spiral shell on the plastic strip can swing down into the inner box.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the structure of the invention, which will not affect the effect of the invention and the practicability of the patent.
Claims (10)
1. A method for cultivating snails in a net cage is characterized in that parent snails in a corresponding proportion are put into a net cage which is subjected to microorganism soaking treatment according to the size of the cross section area of the net cage before the breeding period of the snails, and the net cage is sunk into a net cage putting point in a water area;
according to the breeding and growing period of the spiral shells, feeding the spiral shells in the net cage by a still water deposition feeding method; taking out the net cage from water after feeding for a corresponding period, and harvesting the finished snails in the net cage;
after the harvested net cage is subjected to microbial soaking treatment again, the net cage is sunk to the water bottom again, and the sunk position of the net cage is consistent with the position before the net cage is lifted, so that spiral shells leaked from the net cage during lifting can return to the net cage through a bottom net of the net cage;
continuously breeding the snails in the net cage, and harvesting finished snails in the net cage before the snails are in the next breeding period; meanwhile, taking the corresponding amount of the spiral shells in the finished spiral shells as parent spiral shells to be continuously cultivated.
2. A method for culturing spiral shells in net cages as claimed in claim 1, wherein a suitable putting point of net cages is selected from running water areas, and a plurality of fixing rods are erected at the putting point of net cages to serve as putting marks and positioning devices for net cages.
3. The method for breeding the snails in the net cage according to the claim 1, wherein the microorganism soaking treatment specifically comprises the steps of dissolving a certain amount of microorganism preparation in a soaking pool, and soaking the net cage to be thrown in the soaking pool for a set time; and after the soaking time of the net cage reaches the set time, taking out the net cage, and moving the net cage to a throwing mark position.
4. The method for breeding the snails in the net cage according to the claim 3, wherein the microbial preparation is added according to the water amount in the soaking pool in the ratio of 1; the soaking time of the net cage is 20-60min.
5. The method for breeding spiral shells in net cages as claimed in claim 1, wherein the parent snails are fed in an amount of half a kilogram to one kilogram per square meter of cross-sectional area of the net cage, and the ratio of female snails to male snails in the parent snails is at least 1.
6. A method for culturing spiral shells in cages according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the still water sedimentation feeding method is characterized in that a depositor matched with the cross section area of the cages is arranged on the fixing rod, and the depositor is extended from the water surface to the top of the cages, so that the water in the depositor can not follow the running water in the water area to flow; feed is evenly dispensed in a number of depositing holes in the depositor.
7. A method for culturing spiral shell in net cage as claimed in claim 6, wherein a double-layer net cage is arranged, a protecting gap is arranged between the internal and external cases of said net cage, and said deposit unit is matched with the cross-sectional area of internal case.
8. The method for breeding the snails in the net cage according to the claim 7, wherein the mesh structures of the inner box and the outer box of the net cage are consistent; the length of the single side of the side mesh of the net cage is 3mm-5mm, and the length of the single side of the bottom mesh of the net cage is 10mm-20mm.
9. A method for culturing spiral shells in net cage as claimed in claim 7, wherein the edge of said internal cage has a smooth and elastic plastic strip, one side of said plastic strip is sewed to the edge of internal cage, and another side of said plastic strip is extended toward the interior of internal cage.
10. The method for breeding spiral shells in a net cage as claimed in claim 6, wherein the inner and outer cases of said net cage are both open top structure, and the top of said outer case is installed with a net cover with 20cm-30cm long mesh.
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| CN202211215411.3A CN115500293B (en) | 2022-09-30 | 2022-09-30 | Spiral shell net cage culture method |
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| CN202211215411.3A CN115500293B (en) | 2022-09-30 | 2022-09-30 | Spiral shell net cage culture method |
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| CN115500293B CN115500293B (en) | 2024-05-14 |
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