CN106614148B

CN106614148B - Fish and vegetable symbiotic ecological floating bed and feeding method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN106614148B
Application number: CN201710052387.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 祝国荣; 冯浩; 刘晓峰; 常仁洁; 印梦娟; 伏伟涵; 高阳
Original assignee: Henan Normal University
Current assignee: Henan Normal University
Priority date: 2017-01-24
Filing date: 2017-01-24
Publication date: 2022-09-13
Anticipated expiration: 2037-01-24
Also published as: CN106614148A

Abstract

The invention discloses a fish-vegetable symbiotic ecological floating bed and a feeding method thereof, belonging to the fields of aquaculture, environmental protection fishery and effective utilization of resources. The floating bed is: in the pond, from top to bottom, the fence protecting net, the floating bed and the net cage are sequentially connected to form a closed whole; the vegetables are planted on the floating bed. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, selecting and feeding fish seeds; selecting and managing vegetables; thirdly, disease control of fish and vegetable; adjusting the buoyancy of the floating bed; cleaning the net cage; sixthly, using oxygenation equipment; seventhly, measuring physical and chemical indexes. The floating bed has simple structure, low cost and remarkable effect; the water quality of the water body can be effectively improved, the transparency of the water body is improved, and the consumption of water resources is reduced; can prevent aquatic animals from gnawing vegetable roots, ensure good growth of plants, improve decontamination effect and produce organic vegetables; can effectively reduce fish diseases and improve the quality of fish meat; is suitable for polluted eutrophic water bodies such as rivers, reservoirs, lakes and the like, and is favorable for vigorous popularization.

Description

Fish and vegetable symbiotic ecological floating bed and feeding method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the fields of aquaculture, environmental protection fishery and effective utilization of resource circulation, and particularly relates to a fish-vegetable symbiotic ecological floating bed and a feeding method thereof.

Background

At present, agricultural production resources are increasingly deficient, land resources, fresh water resources and available pollution-free agricultural resources are less and less, and the agricultural production faces the crisis of ecology and resources. Water pollution also causes harm to a lot of aquatic product resources, and is not beneficial to large-scale production and development of aquaculture industry.

The fish and vegetable symbiosis is a novel composite cultivation system, two originally completely different farming techniques of aquaculture and vegetable production are adopted, and through ingenious ecological design, scientific synergistic symbiosis is achieved, the ecological symbiosis effect that water is not changed during fish cultivation, water is not worried about, and plants grow normally without fertilization is achieved, the interaction combination of the fish and the plants is achieved, and the effect of common promotion and benefit superposition is formed. The method utilizes aquatic plants to absorb carbon dioxide in water, takes waste water and feed residues excreted by fishes as nutrients for vegetable growth, and simultaneously takes root systems and microbial communities of vegetables as an optimal biological filtration system for water quality treatment and purification, so that a harmonious ecological balance among animals, plants and microorganisms is achieved.

Meanwhile, the traditional fish culture in rice field, lotus field and reed pond in China are all rudiments of a fish-vegetable symbiotic system, and the principle of the fish-vegetable symbiotic system is applied to the pond and improved, so that the fish-vegetable symbiotic system is an important direction for ecological culture of the pond. At present, the pond fish and vegetable symbiotic planting types are various, wherein the most main mode is a direct floating method. But with body such as cystosepiment, directly fix the vegetable seedling on the floating field planting board and carry out the water planting, though the mode is simple, but still there is the aquatic livestock of omnivorous nature to eat the problem of eating vegetable root system, if enclose the screen cloth protection to the root system, comparatively loaded down with trivial details.

Therefore, the invention has the advantages of simple manufacture and convenient management; the fish-vegetable symbiotic ecological floating bed and the feeding method thereof have important significance, and can prevent aquatic animals from gnawing vegetable roots, effectively improve water quality and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a fish-vegetable symbiotic ecological floating bed and a feeding method thereof.

The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:

first, fish and vegetable symbiotic ecological floating bed (floating bed for short)

The floating bed comprises a pond, water, fishes, vegetables and an oxygen increasing device, wherein the pond is filled with water and is used for feeding fishes, and one inflatable end of the oxygen increasing device extends into the bottom of the pond;

is provided with a blocking and protecting net, a floating bed body and a net cage;

in the pond, from top to bottom, the blocking and protecting net, the floating bed body and the net cage are sequentially connected to form a closed whole, and vegetables are planted on the floating bed body.

Raising method (method for short) based on fish-vegetable symbiotic ecological floating bed

The method comprises the following steps:

firstly, selecting and feeding fish seeds;

selecting and managing vegetables;

thirdly, disease control of fish and vegetable;

adjusting the buoyancy of the floating bed;

cleaning the net cage;

sixthly, using oxygenation equipment;

seventhly, measuring physical and chemical indexes.

The invention has the following advantages and positive effects:

firstly, the floating bed has simple structure, low cost and remarkable effect;

the water quality of the water body can be effectively improved, the transparency of the water body is improved, and the consumption of water resources is reduced;

the edible vegetable can be prevented from being gnawed by aquatic animals, the good growth of plants is ensured, the decontamination effect is improved, and organic vegetables are produced;

fourthly, the occurrence of fish diseases can be effectively reduced, and the quality of fish meat is improved;

is suitable for polluted eutrophic water bodies such as rivers, reservoirs, lakes and the like, and is favorable for vigorous popularization.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present floating bed;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a barrier net;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a float bed body;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the holder;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a construction of a buoyancy rod;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a sponge pad;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of an implantation hole;

fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of vegetables planted on a floating bed body.

In the figure:

a, a pond, B, water, C, fish, D, vegetables and E, oxygenation equipment;

10-a guard net is blocked by the guard net,

11-square purse seine, 12-supporting strip;

20-a floating bed body, wherein,

21-a frame, wherein the frame is provided with a plurality of ribs,

22-foam board, 221-planting hole, 222-supporting bar jack,

23-the part to be fixed is a fixture,

24-the sponge cushion is placed on the upper portion of the mattress,

25-a buoyancy rod, wherein the buoyancy rod is provided with a plurality of buoyancy rods,

251. 252 … … 25N-1 st, 2 … … N adjustment jacks,

n is a natural number, and is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 10;

30-a net cage, wherein the net cage is a net cage,

31-square steel ring, 32-mesh bag, 33-round steel ring, 34-small heavy bag.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples:

first, float bed

1. General of

As shown in fig. 1, the floating bed comprises a pond A, water B, fishes C, vegetables D and an oxygen increasing device E, wherein the pond A is filled with the water B and the fishes C to be raised, and one air charging end of the oxygen increasing device E extends into the bottom of the pond A;

is provided with a floating bed body 10, a floating bed body 20 and a net cage 30;

in the pond A, from top to bottom, the blocking and protecting net 10, the floating bed body 20 and the net cage 30 are sequentially connected to form a closed whole, and the vegetables D are planted on the floating bed body 20.

2. Functional component

1) Guard net 10

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the guardrail net 10 comprises a square purse net 11 and 4 supporting bars 12 which are connected up and down;

its function is to prevent the vegetable from lodging and being gnawed by the fish C.

2) Floating bed body 20

As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the floating bed body 20 comprises a frame 21, a foam board 22, a fixer 23, a sponge mat 24 and a buoyancy stick 25;

the foam board 22 is embedded in the frame 21; planting holes 221 and supporting bar insertion holes 222 are respectively arranged on the surface of the foam plate 22 and four corners of the foam plate; a sponge cushion 24 is connected in the planting holes 221 for planting vegetables D;

the four retainers 23 clamp four corners of the frame 21 and the foam board 22, respectively, and the protruding ends of the four retainers 23 are inserted into the adjusting insertion holes of the four buoyancy rods, respectively.

(1) Frame 21

As shown in figure 3, the frame 21 is square and is formed by connecting 4 UPVC pipes and 4 double-pass right-angle joints.

(2) Foam board 22

As shown in FIG. 3, the foam board 22 (density 18 kg/m) ³ ) Is square and is matched with the frame 21.

(3) Holder 23

As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the holder 23 is a U-shaped elastic clip; the function of the buoyancy rod is to clamp the frame 21 and the foam board 22, and the two extending ends of the buoyancy rod are inserted into the adjusting insertion holes of the buoyancy rod to transmit buoyancy to the frame 21 and the foam board 22.

(4) Sponge cushion 24

As shown in fig. 3 and 6, the sponge pad 24 has a soft property, and thus functions to help fix the roots of the vegetables D and protect the roots from being damaged.

(5) Buoyancy rod 25

As shown in FIG. 5, the buoyancy bar 25 is a long-strip-shaped foam column (density 18kg/m3) provided with the 1 st and 2 … … N adjusting jacks 251 and 252 … … 25N, wherein N is a natural number, and N is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 10.

Its function is to regulate buoyancy.

3) Net cage 30

As shown in fig. 1, the net cage 30 includes a square steel ring 31, a mesh bag 32 and a circular steel ring 33, which are connected up and down, and a plurality of small weight bags 34 are placed at the bottom of the mesh bag 32 to open the mesh bag 32 and balance buoyancy.

Cage 30 functions to prevent fish D from gnawing the roots of vegetables B.

3. Mechanism of operation

The invention relates to a fish-vegetable symbiotic ecological floating bed, which is characterized in that vegetables D are planted on the floating bed, and roots of the vegetables D absorb eutrophic factors such as nitrogen and phosphorus in water, so that the water quality is improved, and fishes C grow in a good water body, thereby reducing the occurrence of fish diseases, improving the meat quality of the fishes C and increasing the yield; simultaneously producing vegetable D; the floating bed body is simple in structure, environment-friendly and ecological, convenient to operate, suitable for field planting and fixing of various decontaminating plants, suitable for polluted eutrophic water bodies such as rivers, reservoirs and lakes and beneficial to vigorous popularization.

Second, raising method

Selecting and feeding fish

1) Fingerling selection

The fish species in the experiment is the special fish species Qihe crucian carp of Henan crane wall, the same batch of fish species in summer in the same year is selected, the weight is about 5g (the weight difference of the parallel fish species in the same experiment can not exceed 0.5g), the fish species is disease-free and harmless, and the fish body is strong.

2) Feeding

The feed has good stability and palatability, and is required to be fresh, not deteriorate, have good physical properties and stable nutritional ingredients; the processing uniformity of the feed and the granularity of feed raw materials meet the quality requirement of feed processing; the 'four-fixed' (timing, positioning, qualitative and quantitative) principle is adhered to, the feeding is generally carried out 3 times per day in 5-9 months, and the feeding is carried out in the morning, in the middle and at the evening; feeding for 2 times every day in 2-4 and 10-11 months, and feeding in the morning and at the evening; stopping feeding when the water temperature is lower than 10 ℃ in winter.

② vegetable selection and management

1) Vegetable selection

The experimental vegetable is water spinach (6-8 months in summer), the top end of the water spinach growing vigorously is cut, and the length of the top end of the water spinach is 20 cm;

2) vegetable management

Observing the growth condition of the water spinach, recording the number of leaves, the number of fibrous roots and the length of roots of the vegetables every week, and picking out withered and yellow leaves and drying the withered and yellow leaves;

as the water spinach grows and sprouts, the root space is reduced, and the sponge pad 24 in the planting hole 221 is removed;

harvesting, wherein a batch harvesting method is adopted, and harvesting is carried out when the plant height is 25 cm.

Diseases prevention and control of fish and vegetable

1) Fish disease control

Prevention is mainly performed, and medication in disorder and medication prohibition are strictly prohibited. The general measures are as follows: strictly sterilizing before breeding fry and fingerling, soaking in 2-4% salt solution for 5 min or 20mg/L-1(20 deg.C) potassium permanganate solution for 20-30 min, taking out dead fish, diagnosing death cause, and burying in soil; taking remedial measures;

2) prevention of vegetable diseases

Before field planting, vegetable seedlings without insect pests are selected, if the insect pests are found, manual removal is carried out in time, and a method for ecologically preventing and killing the insect pests is adopted, so that pesticides are strictly forbidden.

Adjusting buoyancy of floating bed

Along with the growth of vegetables, the load of the floating bed is increased, the adjusting insertion holes of the floating rods 25 are adjusted in time, the floating rods 25 sink and are fixed with the fixing device 23, the floating bed always floats on the water surface, and vegetable roots are completely immersed in the water; similarly, after the vegetables are harvested, the weight of the floating bed is weakened, and the floating rod 25 also needs to be lifted, so that the floating bed always floats on the water surface, and the vegetable roots are completely immersed in the water.

Cleaning net cage

The net cage 30 is cleaned regularly (2 times per week in summer), the floating bed is lifted upwards by adopting a rinsing method during cleaning, filamentous algae and dirt are washed and fall off by water flow passing through meshes, and the phenomenon that the anoxic necrosis of vegetable roots is caused because the blocked meshes obstruct the exchange of water inside and outside the net bag 32 is prevented;

use of oxygen increasing equipment

Starting the machine for 2-3 hours at noon in fine days, so that the bait utilization rate is improved and the water circulation is promoted; the machine is started in the early morning in cloudy days and is started all the day in continuous cloudy and rainy days, thereby preventing floating head and improving ingestion rate.

Measurement of physical and chemical indicators

Dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, nitrite and the like are measured once every 5 days, and conventional indexes such as illumination intensity, transparency, pH value, dissolved oxygen and the like are simply detected.

Third, test conditions

One) preparation before experiment

1. Experimental breeding barrel

The height of the barrel is 100cm, and the inner diameter is 80 cm; thoroughly disinfecting the experimental fish with a potassium permanganate solution before putting the experimental fish into a barrel, and injecting water and aerating for more than three days;

2. floating bed

The area of the floating bed is 30 multiplied by 30cm, and the connected floating bed is thoroughly disinfected by potassium permanganate solution for later use; 3. density making of fish and vegetable

1) Fish

Breeding 30 fishes in each breeding barrel;

2) vegetable dish

25 plants were planted on each floating bed.

Fourth, experimental results

A method for raising a fish-vegetable symbiotic ecological floating bed is implemented through experiments of three months in 6 months, 7 months and 8 months: the water spinach has good growth vigor and strong nitrogen and phosphorus absorption capacity, and can effectively reduce the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in water; the water transparency is always kept at 30-45cm, the pH value is 7-8, and the dissolved oxygen is 8-10mgL ^-1 ；

Can effectively reduce fish diseases.

Claims

1. A fish and vegetable symbiotic ecological floating bed comprises a pond (A), water (B), fishes (C), vegetables (D) and an oxygen increasing device (E), wherein the pond (A) is filled with the water (B) and the fishes (C) are raised, and the air charging end of the oxygen increasing device (E) extends into the bottom of the pond (A);

the method is characterized in that:

is provided with a blocking and protecting net (10), a floating bed body (20) and a net cage (30);

in the pond (A), from top to bottom, the guard net (10), the floating bed body (20) and the net cage (30) are connected in sequence to form a closed whole; vegetables (D) are planted on the floating bed body (20);

the guardrail net (10) comprises a square fence net (11) and 4 supporting bars (12) which are connected up and down;

the floating bed body (20) comprises a frame (21), a foam plate (22), a fixer (23), a spongy cushion (24) and a floating rod (25);

the foam plate (22) is embedded in the frame (21); planting holes (221) and supporting bar jacks (222) are respectively arranged on the surface and four corners of the foam plate (22); a sponge pad (24) is connected in the planting hole (221) for planting vegetables (D);

the four fixing devices (23) respectively clamp the four corners of the frame (21) and the foam plate (22), and the extending ends of the four fixing devices (23) are respectively inserted into the adjusting insertion holes of the four floating rods (25);

the frame (21) is square and is formed by connecting 4 UPVC pipes and 4 double-pass right-angle joints;

the foam plate (22) is square and is matched with the frame (21);

the fixer (23) is a U-shaped elastic clip;

the buoyancy rod (25) is a strip-shaped foam column, the 1 st and 2 … … th adjusting insertion holes 251 and 252 … … 25N are arranged on the buoyancy rod, N is a natural number, and N is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 10;

the net cage (30) comprises a square steel ring (31), a mesh bag (32) and a round steel ring (33), wherein the square steel ring (31), the mesh bag (32) is arranged above and round below the mesh bag, and a plurality of small heavy bags (34) are arranged at the bottom of the mesh bag (32);

the breeding method comprises the following steps:

firstly, selecting and feeding fish seeds;

selecting and managing vegetables;

thirdly, disease control of fish and vegetable;

adjusting the buoyancy of the floating bed;

cleaning the net cage;

sixthly, using oxygenation equipment;

seventhly, measuring physical and chemical indexes;

adjusting the buoyancy of the floating bed:

along with the growth of vegetables, the load of the floating bed is increased, the adjusting insertion holes of the floating rods (25) are adjusted in time to enable the floating rods (25) to sink and be fixed with the fixing devices (23), so that the floating bed always floats on the water surface, and vegetable roots are completely immersed in the water; similarly, after the vegetables are harvested, the load of the floating bed is weakened, and the floating rod (25) also needs to be lifted, so that the floating bed always floats on the water surface, and the vegetable roots are completely immersed in the water.