CN107410106B - Finless eel breeding tube, finless eel breeding device and finless eel breeding method - Google Patents
Finless eel breeding tube, finless eel breeding device and finless eel breeding method Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
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- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a finless eel breeding pipe, a finless eel breeding device and a finless eel breeding method. The propagation method comprises 1) a propagation tube arrangement; 2) Arranging aquatic plants; 3) Throwing parent eels; 4) Feeding parent eels; 5) And (5) fishing and culturing seedlings. The propagation method of the invention saves space, increases the utilization rate of water, has high success rate of parent eel propagation rate, does not collapse in holes, does not have bottom mud to influence the turbidity of the water, is not easy to collapse, is durable for a long time, and is convenient for observing the eating condition of finless eels.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aquaculture, in particular to a finless eel breeding tube, a finless eel breeding device and a finless eel breeding method.
Background
The finless eel belongs to subtropical fishes, the eastern part of asia is widely distributed, and various water systems in China grow, especially in Hubei, hunan, jiangxi, anhui and Jiang Zhejiang Huchang triangle areas, the resources are rich. The finless eel has higher nutrition, medicinal and development utilization values, is supplied and not required in domestic and foreign markets, has high manual capture strength in each production area, even adopts destructive capture of highly toxic pesticides, and greatly uses farmland chemical fertilizers and pesticides, so that the wild resources of finless eels in China are reduced from 6kg per mu of annual production in 60 s to less than 0.5kg per mu of annual production. At present, except Sichuan, hunan and Hubei, a certain amount of wild finless eels in other areas are distributed in China, and the wild finless eels are destroyed in a large amount, so that the wild finless eels are deficient and can only be supplied to the market mainly by means of artificial culture.
Finless eel omnivora mainly comprises animals, is ingested vigorously in summer, can not eat for a long time in cold seasons, but needs to enter a cave for hibernation, and is mated in the cave for spawning and reproduction in 6-9 months of the next year. The habitat, growth and feeding process of finless eels depend on holes, and the habitat is located in mud holes and stone seams at sides of ponds, brooms and rice ridges and has hibernation habit. The physical effort of hibernation is great, and a great deal of food is needed in spring. In summer, the finless eels go out of the holes and are drilled under the aquatic weeds, the stone seams and the dead trees to avoid hot weather. Finless eels belong to cave fish, and in natural environments, like cave sexual life, live in soft shallow water sludge for a long time, and in shoreside cave of a brook river. They are caught in the holes during the day and leave the holes to find food at night. The existing artificial breeding finless eels lack special breeding devices, cannot simulate the environment required by finless eels breeding, and have low breeding efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a finless eel breeding tube, a finless eel breeding device and a finless eel breeding method.
The technical scheme is as follows: the utility model provides a finless eel breeding tube, includes the L venturi tube, the L venturi tube includes the land entrance to a cave that is located the surface of water top and is located the water hole mouth below the surface of water, the inner wall of L venturi tube is adhered with artificial earth.
Further, liu Dongkou is located the one end of L venturi tube, the water hole mouth is located the other end of L venturi tube, the opening of land entrance to a cave and water hole mouth all up.
Further, the artificial soil is provided with a plurality of holes therein.
Further, artificial soil is adhered to the inner wall and the outer wall of the pipe at the water hole opening; the artificial soil adhered to the inner wall and the outer wall of the pipe at the water hole is provided with a plurality of holes.
The holes can be used for the young eels to perch, so that the energy consumption of the young eels in drilling holes is reduced.
Further, a plurality of movable holes for the finless eels to move are formed in the artificial soil adhered to the inner wall of the L-shaped pipe, and through holes are formed in the pipe wall corresponding to the positions of the movable holes.
The movable hole is used for the activity and ventilation of parent eels, and is not generally used for going out.
Further, the L-shaped pipe is made of PVC material; the L-shaped pipe comprises a vertical pipe and a transverse pipe, the depth (i.e. the height) of the L-shaped pipe is 10-50cm, the length of the L-shaped pipe is 50-80cm, the outer diameters of the vertical pipe and the transverse pipe are 5-8cm, and the inner diameter of artificial soil adhered to the inner wall of the L-shaped pipe is 3-4cm.
The invention also discloses a finless eel breeding device which comprises a net cage and a plurality of breeding pipes fixed in the net cage, wherein the upper edge of the land hole is positioned 5-10cm above the water surface, and the upper edge of the water hole is positioned 10-30cm below the water surface.
The invention also discloses a finless eel breeding method, which comprises the following steps: 1) Reproduction tube arrangement: arranging the propagation pipe in a pool, so that the water hole is positioned below the water surface and the land hole is positioned above the water surface; 2) Water grass arrangement: arranging aquatic weeds above the water hole opening of the propagation pipe; 3) Throwing parent eels; 4) Feeding parent eels; 5) And (5) fishing and culturing seedlings.
Further, in the step 1), a plurality of propagation pipes are placed in a water tank, and the placement density of the propagation pipes is 5-10/m 2 The land hole of the propagation pipe is positioned 5-10cm above the water surface, and the water hole is positioned 10-30cm below the water surface.
Optionally, artificial soil is adhered to the inner wall and the outer wall of the pipe at the water hole, a plurality of holes are formed in the artificial soil adhered to the inner wall and the outer wall of the pipe at the water hole, and the diameters of the holes are 1-3mm;
further, in the step 2), 100-1000cm of the water is floated and placed 1-10cm above each water hole 2 The aquatic plant is selected from one or more of Sargassum, semen Arachidis Hypogaeae, herba Solani Lyrati, herba Saussureae Involueratae or water hyacinth;
further, in the step 3), parent eels are put into a water pool in 5-6 months, and the parent eels are placed at a density of 5-10 tails/m 2 The ratio of male to female is 2-3:1, and the specification of parent eel is 50-150 g/tail;
further, in the step 4), the parent eel is fed with mixed feed, wherein in the mixed feed, earthworm pulp accounts for 30% by weight, and fish pulp accounts for 50% by weight;
optionally, feeding the mixed feed 1 time every 3 days;
optionally, the mass of the mixed feed put in each time is 4-6% of the total weight of the parent eels;
further, in the step 5), after raising seedlings, the aquatic plants are integrally moved out, eel seedlings are picked, placed into a seedling raising pond for raising, and one or more of soybean milk, branch angles and copepods are sprinkled into a water body of the seedling raising pond to serve as an initial bait of the eel seedlings.
Further, the breeding tube is placed in a net cage which is placed in a water pool, and the area of the net cage is 2-6m 2 The density of the net cages is 40-60 net cages/mu of water surface, and the total area of the aquatic plants in each net cage is less than or equal to the total area of the net cages1/2 of the area;
further, in said step 1), the water pool is sterilized with quicklime and/or chlorine dioxide and said propagation tube is sterilized, after which the propagation tube is arranged in water;
further, in the step 2), 20g/m of the water plants are used before all the water plants are put in 3 After 1-2h of disinfection, carrying out pasture and water arrangement; after 7 days of aquatic weed placement, the water is used for 0.3g/m 3 Sprinkling povidone-iodine solution in a whole pool;
further, in the step 3), before the parent eel is put in, the parent eel is sterilized by povidone iodine solution or 3-5% saline solution;
alternatively, stress symptoms are eliminated using detoxified stress agent, flurbiprofecoxib or multidimensional amino acids, after which parent eels are put into a pool of water.
In addition, the limnodrilus can be put into the water body of the seedling culture pond with the density of 100-200 tails/m 3 As an initial bait for eel fries.
In addition, optionally, fermented manure can be sprayed into the water body of the young seedling cultivation pool, and the water insects such as the horns or the copepods are inoculated as the initial feed of the eel fries, wherein the density reaches 2000-3000/L.
Further, the diameter of the through hole is 0.5-1.5cm. Preferably 1cm.
Further, the diameter of the hole is 1-3mm.
Further, the outer wall of the pipe at the water hole mouth is adhered with artificial soil, and the total width of the water hole mouth plus the adhered soil reaches 10cm to 30cm.
Further, the water tank is a soil-free water tank.
Further, the artificial soil comprises paraffin, vaseline, talcum powder and stearic acid with the mass ratio of 1-10%, wherein the mass ratio of the paraffin to the vaseline to the talcum powder is 1:1:1.
further, the parent eel can be selected to be put into culture at a speed of 0.2kg/m 2 Sprinkling and sterilizing the quicklime water in the whole pond.
Furthermore, the arrangement of the aquatic weeds can select the aquatic weeds to be mainly peanuts (allium alternifolium) and hyacinths (eichhornia crassipes), and can select one or two of the aquatic weeds to be mixed, and the two aquatic weeds are suitable for finless eel culture and have advantages and disadvantages; the aquatic peanuts have the advantages of being not easy to rot and not spoiling water quality, and the defects that the larvae of thrips or flea beetles can ingest the aquatic peanuts, and can be found early and used as soon as possible, so that the finless eels are prevented from stopping eating due to later-period medicine application. The water hyacinth has good shading effect in the early stage, and has the defects that the main component sponge tissue cannot be fished after decay, and the water quality is spoiled. The aquatic weeds should be salvaged in time, so that the aquatic weeds are prevented from excessively propagating and dying bad water, and harmful gases in the water body are evacuated.
Further, the finless eel fries gathered on the root system of the aquatic weeds are removed from the pool 1 week after emergence of the fries and are specially cultivated.
Further, adjacent propagation tubes in the cage are placed at intervals of 0.5 m.
The beneficial effects are that: the breeding device and the breeding method have the following advantages:
1. the space is saved, the water utilization rate is increased, the caves are not collapsed, the installation and the carrying are convenient, the placement density is freely increased and decreased, the caves are durable and stable, the quantity is rich, the space is spacious, and the water space is comprehensively utilized in a three-dimensional mode. According to 50-150g of parent eels, the eels are guaranteed to have spacious cavities in the inhabitation and growth process.
2. The method has the advantages that the turbidity of the water body is not affected by the bottom mud, the collapse is not easy, the long-term durability is realized, and the shelter function of the cave is maintained.
3. The propagation amount of eel fries is greatly increased. The throwing amount reaches 300 kg/mu of water surface per mu. Parent eel can enter and exit the cave through the water hole opening to finish mating, ingestion and young child protection, ventilation and external observation are realized through Liu Dongkou, and physiological requirements are met.
4. The finless eel is afraid of heat and sun, and the propagation tube has good shading and shielding effects, and avoids natural enemies, harmful environments and external interference. The nutritional load and the water changing times of the fish pond are reduced, and the surprise on the calm benthonic fish is avoided.
5. Is convenient for observing the eating condition of finless eels. The feeding of parent eels in the breeding holes is guaranteed, the parent eels are fed with mixed feed regularly, and water worms such as cladocera and copepods are cultured to serve as open foods of seedlings. The food is ensured to be sufficient during the propagation of the parent eels, the pollution of the water body caused by incomplete food intake is avoided, and the smooth performance of the young parent eels is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a finless eel breeding apparatus.
Detailed Description
Reference numerals: a 1L-shaped tube; 1.1 Liu Dongkou; 1.2 water holes; 2, artificial soil; 3, a movable hole; 4 holes; 5, aquatic weed.
Specific embodiments are given below:
the finless eel breeding tube comprises an L-shaped tube 1, wherein the L-shaped tube comprises a Liu Dongkou 1.1.1 positioned above the water surface and a water hole opening 1.2 positioned below the water surface, and artificial soil is adhered to the inner wall of the L-shaped tube. Liu Dongkou 1.1.1 is located the one end of L pipe, water hole mouth 1.2 is located the other end of L pipe, the opening of land entrance to a cave and water entrance to a cave all up. The inner wall and the outer wall of the pipe at the water hole are adhered with artificial soil 2; the artificial soil adhered to the inner wall and the outer wall of the pipe at the water hole opening is provided with a plurality of holes 4. The holes can be used for the young eels to perch, so that the energy consumption of the young eels in drilling holes is reduced. The artificial soil adhered to the inner wall of the L-shaped pipe is internally provided with a plurality of movable holes 3 for the finless eels to move, and through holes are formed in the pipe wall corresponding to the positions of the movable holes. The movable hole is used for the activity and ventilation of parent eels, and is not generally used for going out. The L-shaped pipe is made of PVC material; the L-shaped pipe comprises a vertical pipe and a transverse pipe, the L-shaped pipe is 10-50cm deep and 50-80cm long, the outer diameters of the vertical pipe and the transverse pipe are 5-8cm, and the inner diameter of artificial soil adhered to the inner wall of the L-shaped pipe is 3-4cm. And the breeding tube can be fixed in the net cage.
Specific cultivation examples are as follows:
1) The time for introducing the eel seeds is optimal before the propagation season of 10 months in the previous year to 5 months in the next year, the eel does not eat in winter and spring, the water temperature is low, and the long-distance transportation is hardly affected. The transportation distance is short, the transportation time is within 60 hours, and the transportation can be carried out by adopting automobiles and trains. In summer, the temperature is high, the finless eels are difficult to transport, and the transport time is more than 60 hours, and airplane air transport is recommended, and the temperature difference is less than 2 ℃ to be directly put in. The parent eel is healthy and disease-free, flexible in activity and bright in body color, and is preferably yellow brown and golden yellow, and the ratio of male to female is 2-3:1. The temperature difference is more than or equal to 2 ℃, and measures should be taken to ensure that the water temperature is similar. And carrying out mating propagation of parent eels for 5-9 months.
2) Feeding high-quality feeds such as earthworms in the breeding season of 5-9 months to promote gonad development. Eel seed throwing density of 5-10 tail/m 2 And (5) putting the seeds into a propagation pool. And 0.5kg of aquatic weeds are placed above each water hole, and eel seedlings are attracted to swim. Adding ripening promoting medicine to promote oestrus and spawning. The parent eels are protected in holes covered by the pasture, after raising seedlings, the pasture is wholly moved out and put into a plastic basin to pick eel seedlings, and the eel seedlings are put into a special seedling raising pool for batch cultivation. Checking every 2-5 days in the breeding period, and picking up eel fries.
3) Open baits are preferably lupulus. Or feeding zooplankton, yolk, soybean milk, etc., adding fresh water, and growing 1 month young seedling to 8cm, and taking out from the pond for cultivation with annual end reaching 15cm and weight about 3 g.
4) 5 groups of parent eel breeding pipes, wherein each pipe has 200-300 seedlings per batch, the survival rate reaches more than 95%, 3-5 batches of parent eels can be bred by replacing the parent eels in 6-9 months, 3000-5000 seedlings of eels are produced per square meter year, and the supply of the seedlings is ensured.
While the invention has been shown and described with respect to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
Claims (3)
1. The finless eel breeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Reproduction tube arrangement: arranging a propagation pipe in a water pool, so that a water hole is positioned below the water surface, and a land hole is positioned above the water surface;
2) Water grass arrangement: arranging aquatic weeds above the water hole opening of the propagation pipe;
3) Throwing parent eels;
4) Feeding parent eels;
5) Picking up and culturing seedlings;
the breeding pipe comprises an L-shaped pipe, the L-shaped pipe comprises a land hole positioned above the water surface and a water hole positioned below the water surface, and artificial soil is adhered to the inner wall of the L-shaped pipe; the Liu Dongkou is positioned at one end of the L-shaped pipe, the water hole opening is positioned at the other end of the L-shaped pipe, and the openings of the land hole opening and the water hole opening are upward; artificial soil is adhered to the inner wall and the outer wall of the pipe at the water hole opening; a plurality of holes are formed in the artificial soil adhered to the inner wall and the outer wall of the pipe at the water hole; a plurality of movable holes for the finless eels to move are formed in the artificial soil adhered to the inner wall of the L-shaped pipe, and through holes are formed in the pipe wall corresponding to the positions of the movable holes; the L-shaped pipe is made of PVC material; the L-shaped pipe comprises a vertical pipe and a transverse pipe, the L-shaped pipe is 10-50cm deep and 50-80cm long, the outer diameters of the vertical pipe and the transverse pipe are 5-8cm, and the inner diameter of artificial soil adhered to the inner wall of the L-shaped pipe is 3-4cm;
in the step 1), a plurality of propagation pipes are placed in a water tank, and the placement density of the propagation pipes is 5-10 pieces/m 2 The land hole of the propagation pipe is positioned 5-10cm above the water surface, the water hole is positioned 10-30cm below the water surface, artificial soil is adhered to the inner wall and the outer wall of the pipe at the water hole, a plurality of holes are formed in the artificial soil adhered to the inner wall and the outer wall of the pipe at the water hole, and the diameter of each hole is 1-3mm;
in the step 2), 100-1000cm of the water is floated and placed at a position 1-10cm above each water hole 2 The aquatic plant is selected from one or more of Sargassum, semen Arachidis Hypogaeae, herba Solani Lyrati, herba Saussureae Involueratae or water hyacinth;
in the step 3), parent eels are put into a water pool in 5-6 months, and the parent eels are placed at a density of 5-10 tails/m 2 The ratio of male to female is 2-3:1, and the specification of parent eel is 50-150 g/tail;
in the step 4), the parent eel is fed with mixed feed, wherein in the mixed feed, earthworm paste accounts for 30% by weight, and fish paste accounts for 50% by weight; feeding the mixed feed 1 time every 3 days;
in the step 5), after raising seedlings, the aquatic plants are integrally moved out, eel seedlings are picked, the aquatic plants are put into a seedling raising pool for raising, and one or more of soybean milk, branch horns and copepods are splashed into a water body of the seedling raising pool to serve as initial baits for the eel seedlings.
2. The finless eel propagation method according to claim 1, wherein: the breeding tube is placed in a net cage which is placed in a water pool, and the area of the net cage is 2-6m 2 The density of the net cages is 40-60 net cages/mu of water surface, and the total area of the aquatic plants in each net cage is less than or equal to 1/2 of the total area of the net cage.
3. The finless eel propagation method according to claim 1, wherein: in said step 1), sterilizing the water pool with quicklime and/or chlorine dioxide and sterilizing said reproduction pipe, after which the reproduction pipe is placed in water; in the step 2), 20g/m of the water grass is used before all the water grass is put in 3 After 1-2h of disinfection, carrying out pasture and water arrangement; after 7 days of aquatic weed placement, the water is used for 0.3g/m 3 Sprinkling povidone-iodine solution in a whole pool; in the step 3), before the parent eel is put in, the parent eel is disinfected by povidone iodine solution or 3-5% saline solution, and the stress symptom is eliminated by using the detoxification stress agent, the florfenicol or the multidimensional amino acid, and then the parent eel is put in a water tank.
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