CN103461248B - Fish fry cultivation method of acrossocheilus yunnanensis - Google Patents
Fish fry cultivation method of acrossocheilus yunnanensis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fish fry cultivation method of acrossocheilus yunnanensis and belongs to the technical field of fish cultivation. The fish cultivation method of acrossocheilus yunnanensis comprises the following steps: temporary cultivation management of fish fries discharged from a film, micro nutritive water type flowing water cultivation at the front stage of putting the fish fries into a pool, manual fish fry feeding, daily management at the middle and later stages, fish disease control and the like. The method has the following advantages that 1, during the front stage of fish fry cultivation, a linked combined method of cultivating the fish fries by use of flowing water and cultivating natural biological baits by virtue of nutritive water is adopted, the contradiction that acrossocheilus yunnanensis needs clean water and rich natural baits to live through opening and ingestion difficulty is solved, and the trouble of manually collecting, throwing and feeding the natural baits is omitted; 2, the survival rate of the fish fries is high, the fish fries grow rapidly, and the method is simple and convenient and is easy to popularize; 3, the method can be used for effectively protecting, developing and utilizing acrossocheilus yunnanensis fish fry resources.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of offspring seed cultivation method of Acrossocheilus yunnanensis, belong to fish culture technical field.
Background technology
Acrossocheilus yunnanensis (Acrossocheilus yunnanensis) belongs to Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae, Barbinae, and light lip fish belongs to.The middle-size and small-size fish with the important ecological value and certain economic worth.Being distributed in Pearl River system, ChangJiang River upstream and tributary thereof, is China's Endemic fish, and type locality, in Yunnan, has and adapts to plateau cold water environment, the feature of individuality comparatively large (common individuality reaches 20 ~ 30cm).In recent years due to hydraulic engineering construction and the reason such as river pollution, overfishing, Acrossocheilus yunnanensis germ plasm resource amount sharply reduces, and trace is difficult to find in Yunnan manyly, and only there is a small amount of natural population Central Yunnan, Yunnan in Dian Chi periphery indivedual cold water dragon's pool.Recover Acrossocheilus yunnanensis germ plasm resource and become the important research contents of Yunnan Province's fishery.In order to Sustainable use this Species of Rare Fish from Qingdao resource good, from 2010, unit of the present invention adheres to collecting Acrossocheilus yunnanensis wild germplasm, and carries out aspect researchs such as raising and train cultivation, artificial propagation and seed rearing.
The present invention is intended to carry out rearing of fingerling Study and appliance for the Acrossocheilus yunnanensis of artificial propagation under pond culture condition.Through document retrieval, do not find the report identical with the present invention at home.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the offspring seed cultivation method of artificial breeding Acrossocheilus yunnanensis under a kind of pond culture condition; smoothly membrane prelarva is sought endogenous nutritional status excessively to exogenous nutrition state; realize artificially controlled ingesting and process of growth; improve survival rate and growth rate, so that protection and developmental utilization Acrossocheilus yunnanensis germ plasm resource effectively.
The offspring seed cultivation method of Acrossocheilus yunnanensis of the present invention, its concrete steps are as follows:
1.1 membrane prelarvas are supported temporarily
Membrane prelarva needs to support temporarily to spend endogenous nutritional status, selects careat to be 2 ~ 6m
2the cement pit of inwall tiling is as storage pond, holding pond; Seedling density of breeding fish temporarily is 0.3 ~ 0.4 ten thousand tails/m
2; Water temperature 14 ~ 18 DEG C, temperature difference per day is no more than 2 DEG C, and storage pond, holding pond keeps miniflow water, and height of water level is 0.3 ~ 0.5m, and day exchanges 3 ~ 4 times; At face, pond bedding sunshade net, create dark quietly water body environment;
1.2 running water technology fries and rich water are cultivated natural biological bait and are linked and combine
A. the flat trip of fry and the lower pool: after the flat trip of the fry when 2/3, be invested in outdoor fry rearing pond opening in time and cultivate; Under fry, the pool time is at 8-9 o'clock in the morning, throws in fry 2 ~ 30,000 tail for every mu;
B. the cultivation of fry initial feed and utilization: first 12 days of the flat trip of Acrossocheilus yunnanensis, cultivate in pond at the biological feed of fry rearing Chi Shangshuikouchu and cultivate biological feed, that is: shop fixtures more than mud 15cm at the bottom of cultivation pond, by by fermentation and with the chicken manure after lime disinfection, be stacked at the bottom of pond by every mu of 200kg, inject pond water 80cm dark, cultivated through 10 ~ 12 days during water temperature 15 DEG C, Chi Shui turns green, there is a large amount of algae and wheel animalcule in Chi Shuizhong, namely direct being taken out by nutrition rich water in food organisms culture pond is noted in fry rearing pond, for fry picked-up unit cell algae and the wheel animalcule on the firm lower pool, fry rearing pond still keeps miniflow water state simultaneously, constantly slowly injects clean water source, controls fry rearing pond transparency at 50 ~ 60cm,
The artificial of 1.3 fries tames and dociles food
Micro-rich water running water technology 8 ~ 10 days, Acrossocheilus yunnanensis total length reaches 13 ~ 15mm, carry out artificial taming and dociling to eat, select albumen quality percentage be 40% eel powder add water after stirring and emulsifying and splash training fry by natural bait of ingesting to manually joining feed transition along pool side, day throws something and feeds 3 times, the every mu of 30g that at every turn throws something and feeds; After fish body total length reaches 18 ~ 20mm, reduce gradually and take out the rich water that pond cultivated by note natural bait, strengthen and inject source of clean water, controlling fry rearing pond water transparency is 80 ~ 90cm; By eel powder and albumen quality percentage be 37% carp powder in mass ratio 1:1 mix after and water stir into pasty state, throw in food platform on confession Acrossocheilus yunnanensis peck at, throw something and feed day 3 times, single feeding volume was eaten up as good in 1 ~ 2 hour; 40 age in days fry total lengths reach 30 ± 5mm, change and throw the carp broken material that albumen quality percentage is 37%, day feeding volume account for 5 ~ 6% of fish body weight;
1.4 the middle and later periods fry feeding and management
Fry total length changes after reaching 50mm that to throw particle diameter be the albumen quality percentage of 1mm and is the carp seed material of 37%, day feeding volume account for 3 ~ 4% of fish body weight; Control fry rearing pond water body to exchange once for 3rd ~ 4, keep fry rearing pond water transparency to reach 90 ~ 100cm; Raw appropriate thread algae is allowed at the bottom of pool wall and pond to scrape food for Acrossocheilus yunnanensis; Adhere to every day sooner or later patrolling the pool, check and cleaning fish barrier; The residual bait in timely cleaning pond and foreign material, ensure that intake-outlet current are unobstructed; After fry 100 age in days, total length reaches 75 ± 5mm, enters the nurture of fish fingerlings stage.
1.5 common fish diseases and prevention and controls
Seed rearing carries out monoculture, not with other fish mixed breeds, infects to prevent bringing into property fish disease; Chief complaint and prevention and controls as follows:
A. bacterial gill rot disease: cardinal symptom is fish body blackout, becomes thin, and be often collected in water inlet or corner, fishpond, on the gill, mucus increases, dirt of often adhering, gill filament swelling or necrosis of partly turning black; Prevention and controls: every 15 days full pool spilling head povidone iodine or full pond are all over spreading C5H6Br2N2O2 tablet, and preventive dose is 50ml/ mu, and therapeutic dose is 80ml/ mu, stop water inlet 12h after medication;
B. saprolegniasis: main manifestations, for being fish bulk damage position attachment White Flocculus, affecting fish bulk-growth, causes expendable dead time serious; Prevention and controls: scientific procedures in seed rearing process, reduces fish body injured, carries out fish body and water body disinfection in time, strengthen daily managing and protecting, build up health;
C. trichodinasis: the Acrossocheilus yunnanensis in main harm fry and fingerling stage, can cause explosive dead; Symptom main manifestations is, health turns black, and becomes thin, and is often gathered in water inlet or groupuscule is distributed in corner, fishpond, floats on water body upper strata, or static dull, or manicly alters trip; Prevention and controls: using composition is that the wheel of ethylene bisdithiocarbamic ammonium is once clean, preventive dose 50ml/ mu, and full pond float in every 15 days once; Therapeutic dose 80ml/ mu.
The invention has the advantages that:
1, in the running water technology method of micro-rich water formula that fry rearing is taked early stage, not only solving Acrossocheilus yunnanensis needs water cleaning but also need to enrich the contradiction that initial feeding difficulty spent by natural bait, save the trouble artificially collecting natural bait of throwing something and feeding.
2, survival rate of fish fry is high, and growth is very fast, and method is easy, is easy to promote.
3, can protection and developmental utilization Acrossocheilus yunnanensis germ plasm resource effectively.
Embodiment
In the invention process, except biological feed needs cultivation, all the other feeds are market and buy.Disease control medication is market and buys.
Inventor adopts the inventive method to carry out the research of Acrossocheilus yunnanensis people rearing of fingerling year August in April, 2013 to 2013 in the cold water fish culture experiment base of Yunnan Fisheries Technology Promotion Station subordinate, the fry being used for cultivating is by the 18.7 ten thousand tail prelarvas of being carried out Acrossocheilus yunnanensis artificial propagation by unit of the present invention and hatching, and supports to survival rate of fish fry during 7 ~ 8cm and reaches 71.6%.Embodiment is as follows:
A. membrane prelarva is supported temporarily
Membrane prelarva yolk sac is comparatively large, in delicate health, is easily mechanically damaged, and need carry out supporting steadily to spend endogenous nutritional status temporarily, selects breeding booth inner area to be 6m
2the smooth cement pit of inwall tiling is as storage pond, holding pond.Storage pond, holding pond need be the disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate of 100ppm by concentration and clean.Seedling density of breeding fish temporarily is 0.3 ~ 0.4 ten thousand tails/m
2, water temperature controls at 14 DEG C ~ 18 DEG C, and temperature difference per day is no more than 2 DEG C, and it is 0.3 ~ 0.5m that storage pond, holding pond height of water level controls, and keeps miniflow water, and day exchanges 3 ~ 4 times.At face, pond bedding sunshade net, create dark quietly water body environment.Timely siphonage, by sucking-offs such as egg membrane, chip, dead fishes, ensures that Chi Shui cleans, for prelarva provides good developing environment.Support 6 ~ 8 days young total lengths of Acrossocheilus yunnanensis temporarily and reach 9 ~ 10cm, yolk consumes substantially to be treated to the greatest extent, starts flat trip, prepares to wait for that fry rearing is carried out on the lower pool.
B. running water technology fry and rich water are cultivated natural biological bait and are linked and combine
After the flat trip of fry and at present the pool, takes running water technology fry and rich water to cultivate natural biological bait interlock and is combined.
(1) the flat trip of fry and the lower pool: after fry fish glue is formed, starts travelling or is suspended in water body at the middle and upper levels, illustrates that fry has started flat trip.After the flat trip of fry when 2/3, be invested in outdoor fry rearing pond and carry out opening cultivation.Fry rearing pool area 1 mu, under fry the pool select eight, nine o'clock of morning, now indoor storage pond, holding pond and the outdoor fry rearing pond temperature difference little.Throw in fry 30,000 tail for every mu.
(2) cultivation of fry initial feed and utilization: cultivate natural openings biological feed in special pond in outdoor first 12 days of the flat trip of Acrossocheilus yunnanensis, biological feed is cultivated pond and is selected near filling pipe end place, fry rearing pond, physical features, higher than fry rearing pond, is convenient to the abundant rich water siphon of the biological feed that cultivates or natural streamer in fry rearing pond.Biological feed cultivates 1 mu, pond or 2 mu, thick more than the 15cm of bed mud, by by fermentation and with the chicken manure after lime disinfection, be stacked at the bottom of pond by every mu of 200kg, inject pond water 80cm dark, cultivated through 10 ~ 12 days during water temperature 15 DEG C, Chi Shui turns green, there is a large amount of algae and wheel animalcule in Chi Shuizhong, namely direct being taken out by nutrition rich water in food organisms culture pond is noted in fry rearing pond, allows the fry on the pool just can absorb unit cell algae and wheel animalcule immediately.Fry rearing pond still keeps miniflow water state simultaneously, constantly slowly injects clean water source.By controlling inject clean water source and take out the ratio noting rich water, fry rearing pond transparency is made to maintain 50 ~ 60cm.
C. the artificial of fry tames and dociles food
By the running water technology of micro-rich water formula 8 ~ 10 days, Acrossocheilus yunnanensis total length reaches 13 ~ 15mm, can to ingest agreeable to the taste artificial feed, select albumen quality percentage be 40% eel powder add water after stirring and emulsifying and splash training fry by natural bait of ingesting to manually joining feed transition along pool side, day throws something and feeds 3 times, time is 8 points, 13 and 18 points, the every mu of 30g that at every turn throws something and feeds; After fish body total length reaches 18 ~ 20mm, reduce gradually and take out the rich water that pond cultivated by note natural bait, strengthen and inject source of clean water, controlling fry rearing pond water transparency is 80 ~ 90cm; By eel powder and albumen quality percentage be 37% carp powder in mass ratio 1:1 mix after and water stir into pasty state, throw in food platform on confession Acrossocheilus yunnanensis peck at, throw something and feed day 3 times, single feeding volume was eaten up as good in 1 ~ 2 hour; 40 age in days fry total lengths reach 30 ± 5mm, change and throw the carp broken material that albumen quality percentage is 37%, day feeding volume account for 5 ~ 6% of fish body weight;
D. the middle and later periods fry feeding and management
Fry total length changes after reaching 50mm that to throw particle diameter be the albumen quality percentage of 1mm and is the carp seed material of 37%.Day feeding volume accounts for 3 ~ 4% of fish body weight; Control fry rearing pond water body to exchange once for 3rd ~ 4, keep fry rearing pond water transparency to reach 90 ~ 100cm; Raw appropriate thread algae is allowed at the bottom of pool wall and pond to scrape food for Acrossocheilus yunnanensis; Adhere to every day sooner or later patrolling the pool, check and cleaning fish barrier; The residual bait in timely cleaning pond and foreign material, ensure that intake-outlet current are unobstructed; After fry 100 age in days, total length reaches 75 ± 5mm, enters the nurture of fish fingerlings stage.
E. common fish disease and prevention and controls
During Acrossocheilus yunnanensis seed rearing, the principle of " it is auxiliary for putting prevention first, treating " is adhered in fish disease prevention and cure work, is specially to control into water source, pond otherwise by other breeding pollutions; Seed rearing carries out monoculture, not with other fish mixed breeds, infects to prevent bringing into property fish disease; Strengthen water quality management, improve feeding environment, build up health, accelerate growth, to reduce infection; Periodic detection water quality, observes fish body active situation, and a situation arises to grasp disease in time.Chief complaint and prevention and controls as follows:
Bacterial gill rot disease: cardinal symptom is fish body blackout, becomes thin, and be often collected in water inlet or corner, fishpond, on the gill, mucus increases, dirt of often adhering, gill filament swelling or necrosis of partly turning black.Poor primarily of fishpond waterbody environment, fry physique is more weak causes, or the secondary infection caused due to other insect pests.Prevention and controls: every 15 days full pool spilling head povidone iodine or full pond are all over spreading C5H6Br2N2O2 tablet, and prevent, 50ml/ mu, therapeutic dose is 80ml/ mu, stop water inlet 12h after medication;
Saprolegniasis: main manifestations, for being fish bulk damage position attachment White Flocculus, affecting fish bulk-growth, causes expendable dead time serious.Main prevention and controls: scientific procedures in seed rearing process, reduces fish body injured, carries out fish body and water body disinfection in time, strengthen daily managing and protecting, build up health.
Trichodinasis: the Acrossocheilus yunnanensis in main harm fry and fingerling stage, can cause explosive dead.Symptom main manifestations is, health turns black, and becomes thin, and is often gathered in water inlet or groupuscule is distributed in corner, fishpond, floats on water body upper strata, or static dull, or manicly alters trip.Wheel once clean (composition: ethylene bisdithiocarbamic ammonium) is used in control, and preventive dose 50ml/ mu, full pond float in every 15 days once.Therapeutic dose 80ml/ mu.
Claims (1)
1. an offspring seed cultivation method for Acrossocheilus yunnanensis, is characterized in that the concrete steps of this offspring seed cultivation method are as follows:
1.1 membrane prelarvas are supported temporarily
Membrane prelarva needs to support temporarily to spend endogenous nutritional status, selects careat to be 2 ~ 6m
2the cement pit of inwall tiling is as storage pond, holding pond; Seedling density of breeding fish temporarily is 0.3 ~ 0.4 ten thousand tails/m
2; Water temperature 14 ~ 18 DEG C, temperature difference per day is no more than 2 DEG C, and storage pond, holding pond keeps miniflow water, and height of water level is 0.3 ~ 0.5m, and day exchanges 3 ~ 4 times; At face, pond bedding sunshade net, create dark quietly water body environment;
1.2 running water technology fries and rich water are cultivated natural biological bait and are linked and combine
A. the flat trip of fry and the lower pool: after the flat trip of the fry when 2/3, be invested in outdoor fry rearing pond opening in time and cultivate; Under fry, the pool time is at 8-9 o'clock in the morning, throws in fry 2 ~ 30,000 tail for every mu;
B. the cultivation of fry initial feed and utilization: first 12 days of the flat trip of Acrossocheilus yunnanensis, cultivate in pond at the biological feed of fry rearing Chi Shangshuikouchu and cultivate biological feed, that is: shop fixtures more than mud 15cm at the bottom of cultivation pond, by by fermentation and with the chicken manure after lime disinfection, be stacked at the bottom of pond by every mu of 200kg, inject pond water 80cm dark, cultivated through 10 ~ 12 days during water temperature 15 DEG C, Chi Shui turns green, there is a large amount of algae and wheel animalcule in Chi Shuizhong, namely direct being taken out by nutrition rich water in food organisms culture pond is noted in fry rearing pond, for fry picked-up unit cell algae and the wheel animalcule on the firm lower pool, fry rearing pond still keeps miniflow water state simultaneously, constantly slowly injects clean water source, controls fry rearing pond transparency at 50 ~ 60cm,
The artificial of 1.3 fries tames and dociles food
Micro-rich water running water technology 8 ~ 10 days, Acrossocheilus yunnanensis total length reaches 13 ~ 15mm, carry out artificial taming and dociling to eat, select albumen quality percentage be 40% eel powder add water after stirring and emulsifying and splash training fry by natural bait of ingesting to artifical compound feed transition along pool side, day throws something and feeds 3 times, the every mu of 30g that at every turn throws something and feeds; After fish body total length reaches 18 ~ 20mm, reduce gradually and take out the rich water that pond cultivated by note natural bait, strengthen and inject source of clean water, controlling fry rearing pond water transparency is 80 ~ 90cm; By eel powder and albumen quality percentage be 37% carp powder in mass ratio 1:1 mix after and water stir into pasty state, throw in food platform on confession Acrossocheilus yunnanensis peck at, throw something and feed day 3 times, single feeding volume was eaten up as good in 1 ~ 2 hour; 40 age in days fry total lengths reach 30 ± 5mm, change and throw the carp broken material that albumen quality percentage is 37%, day feeding volume account for 5 ~ 6% of fish body weight;
1.4 the middle and later periods fry feeding and management
Fry total length changes after reaching 50mm that to throw particle diameter be the albumen quality percentage of 1mm and is the carp seed material of 37%, day feeding volume account for 3 ~ 4% of fish body weight; Control fry rearing pond water body to exchange once for 3rd ~ 4, keep fry rearing pond water transparency to reach 90 ~ 100cm; Raw appropriate thread algae is allowed at the bottom of pool wall and pond to scrape food for Acrossocheilus yunnanensis; Adhere to every day sooner or later patrolling the pool, check and cleaning fish barrier; The residual bait in timely cleaning pond and foreign material, ensure that intake-outlet current are unobstructed; After fry 100 age in days, total length reaches 75 ± 5mm, and survival rate 71.6% enters the nurture of fish fingerlings stage;
1.5 common fish diseases and prevention and controls
Seed rearing carries out monoculture, not with other fish mixed breeds, infects to prevent bringing into property fish disease; Chief complaint and prevention and controls as follows:
A. bacterial gill rot disease: cardinal symptom is fish body blackout, becomes thin, and be often collected in water inlet or corner, fishpond, on the gill, mucus increases, dirt of often adhering, gill filament swelling or necrosis of partly turning black; Prevention and controls: every 15 days full pool spilling head povidone iodine or full pond are all over spreading C5H6Br2N2O2 tablet, and preventive dose is 50ml/ mu, and therapeutic dose is 80ml/ mu, stop water inlet 12h after medication;
B. saprolegniasis: main manifestations is fish bulk damage position attachment White Flocculus, affects fish bulk-growth, causes expendable dead time serious; Prevention and controls: scientific procedures in seed rearing process, reduces fish body injured, carries out fish body and water body disinfection in time, strengthen daily managing and protecting, build up health;
C. trichodinasis: the Acrossocheilus yunnanensis in main harm fry and fingerling stage, can cause explosive dead; Symptom main manifestations is health blackout, becomes thin, and is often gathered in water inlet or groupuscule is distributed in corner, fishpond, floats on water body upper strata, or static dull, or manicly alters trip; Prevention and controls: using composition is that the wheel of ethylene bisdithiocarbamic ammonium is once clean, preventive dose 50ml/ mu, and full pond float in every 15 days once; Therapeutic dose 80ml/ mu.
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| CN104872006B (en) * | 2014-05-12 | 2017-05-17 | 黄山四洋渔业科技有限公司 | Artificial propagation method of Acrossocheilus fasciatus |
| CN104521832B (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2017-02-22 | 马允 | Cultivation method for fish fries and adult fishes |
| CN104509469B (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2016-08-24 | 休宁县龙堂生态渔业科技有限公司 | A kind of high-density green ecological cultural method of smooth lip fish |
| CN104719214A (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2015-06-24 | 宁国市金东坊农业开发有限公司 | Summer-pond-leaving-young-tor-brevifilis double-pond breeding method |
| CN104996338A (en) * | 2015-07-23 | 2015-10-28 | 融水县融荣水产品养殖专业合作社 | Natural biological fertilization water |
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| CN106577393A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-04-26 | 安徽省农业科学院水产研究所 | Artificial propagation method for breeding acrossocheilus fasciatus |
| CN106888993A (en) * | 2017-02-14 | 2017-06-27 | 云南省渔业科学研究院 | A kind of offspring seed cultivation method of Xichang whitefish |
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| CN109329135B (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2020-10-30 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院水产科学研究所 | Method for breeding fry of lasalopecuroide |
| CN110235818B (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2021-09-14 | 大唐观音岩水电开发有限公司 | Method for cultivating loach fry in skeg plateau |
| CN112021219B (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2023-07-11 | 浙江海洋大学 | Method for improving spawning quantity of cheilinus comatus |
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| CN102090361A (en) * | 2010-12-20 | 2011-06-15 | 新昌县沃洲鱼类开发研究所 | Artificial breeding method for Acrossocheilus fasciatus |
| CN102599096A (en) * | 2012-04-17 | 2012-07-25 | 中国科学院昆明动物研究所 | Method for carrying out incubation on neolissochilus benasi through artificial fertilization |
| CN103098737B (en) * | 2013-02-26 | 2015-03-11 | 浙江师范大学 | Manpower hasten parturition method of acrossocheilus fasciatus |
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