CN106888993A - A kind of offspring seed cultivation method of Xichang whitefish - Google Patents
A kind of offspring seed cultivation method of Xichang whitefish Download PDFInfo
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- CN106888993A CN106888993A CN201710077662.2A CN201710077662A CN106888993A CN 106888993 A CN106888993 A CN 106888993A CN 201710077662 A CN201710077662 A CN 201710077662A CN 106888993 A CN106888993 A CN 106888993A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of offspring seed cultivation method of Xichang whitefish, temporary using membrane prelarva supports management, the running water technology of opening fry, the artificial tame and docile food of fry, middle and later periods daily feeding and management and fish disease evil control stategy.The offspring seed cultivation method of Xichang whitefish that the present invention is provided, opening fry takes the method that running water technology fry and rich water cultivation natural biological bait are combined, and solving Xichang whitefish needs the water cleaning need to enrich the contradiction that natural bait spends initial feeding difficulty again；Survival rate of fish fry of the present invention is high, and growth is very fast, and method is easy, it is easy to promote, aquaculture cost is low；The present invention can effectively protection and developmental utilization Xichang whitefish germ plasm resource.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fish culture technical field, more particularly to a kind of offspring seed cultivation method of Xichang whitefish.
Background technology
Xichang whitefish Anabarilius liui liui (Chang), belongs to Cypriniformes Cypriniformes, carp in classification
Section Cyprinidae Culter subfamily Cultrinae whitefish belongs to Anabarilius Cockerell, is distributed in the tributary in Jinsha jiang River.
Xichang whitefish body is elongated slightly flat-sided, abdomen rib from after abdomeinal fin base portion from anus, bodyside portions squama edge is in black, and each fin is without speckle.
Xichang whitefish is favored by Yunnan Province Yongsheng County local people deeply.Wild resource is fewer and feweri, and own difficulty seeks its track in the markets of producing areas,
It is only at source accidental, up to 600 yuan of every kilogram of price.
To protect and developing Xichang whitefish this Wild fish resources, 2014, by Yunnan Institute of Fisheries Science with
Raiser's Wu Mei base cooperations, carry out Xichang whitefish artificial propagation techniques research.Artificial propagation succeeds Xichang whitefish first.
2014, Xichang whitefish fry rearing succeeded first.
Actually cultivation in exist Xichang whitefish need water cleaning need to enrich again natural bait spend initial feeding hardly possible
The contradiction of pass, causes Xichang whitefish survival rate of fish fry low, and growth is slow makes cultural technique be difficult to promote, and aquaculture cost is high
Problem；By literature search, to have no and disclose report with identical of the present invention.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of offspring seed cultivation method of Xichang whitefish, it is intended to solve Xichang whitefish in reality
There is Xichang whitefish in cultivation needs the water cleaning need to enrich the contradiction that natural bait spends initial feeding difficulty again, causes west
Prosperous whitefish survival rate of fish fry is low, growth is slow, makes cultural technique be difficult to promote, and aquaculture cost problem high.
The present invention is achieved in that a kind of offspring seed cultivation method of Xichang whitefish, the seed rearing of Xichang whitefish fish
Method includes：
Temporarily supporting for membrane prelarva is managed：Hatching indoors and storage pond, holding pond, keep miniflow water, create the peace of without sunlight direct projection
Quiet temporarily foster environment；
The running water technology of opening fry：Using running water technology fry with artificial culture natural biological open-mouthed bait be combined into
The running water technology of row opening fry；
The artificial of fry tames and dociles food：Xichang whitefish total length to cultivating reaches the fry of 15mm, 20mm, 30mm ± 5mm；Respectively
Albumen powder from different quality percentage carries out artificial tame and docile food；
Middle and later periods daily feeding and management and fish disease evil control stategy：To fry total length, up to changing after 50mm, to throw particle diameter be 1mm's
Albumen quality percentage is 37% carp seed material；The pool is patrolled daily and clears up pond residual bait and debris in time；Xichang whitefish
Seed rearing carries out monoculture, not with other kind of fish mixed breed；The seed of Xichang whitefish carries out the preventing and treating of gyrodactyliasis, saprolegniasis
Preventing and treating, the preventing and treating of trichodinasis.
Membrane prelarva temporarily supports management method：：
From indoor 8m × 0.5m × 0.6m inwall tilings cement pit as hatching and storage pond, holding pond, above storage pond, holding pond pacify
A PVC food-grade water pipe is filled, many apertures are equipped with water pipe, supplied water to prelarva and oxygenation；Temporarily foster fry density is 0.2 ten thousand
Tail/m2~0.3 ten thousand tails/m2；18 DEG C~21.5 DEG C of water temperature, temperature difference per day is no more than 3.5 DEG C, and storage pond, holding pond keeps miniflow water, height of water level
It is 0.3m, exchanges 10 times~12 times day；Indoors, environment is temporarily supported in the peace and quiet for creating without sunlight direct projection to storage pond, holding pond.
It is combined with artificial culture natural biological open-mouthed bait using running water technology fry in the running water technology of opening fry；
Specifically include：
A. fry puts down the timely opening living bait for feeding artificial culture after trip；
B. culture to fry initial feed and utilize.
The manually tame and docile food method of fry includes：
Fry rearing 20 days~25 days, Xichang whitefish total length reaches 15mm, carries out artificial taming and dociling and eats；From albumen quality percentage
Add water to be placed on after stirring on food platform than the eel powder for 46% and feed；Training fry is from natural bait of ingesting to manually with feed
Transition, is fed 3 day, and single feeding volume is preferred with being eaten up in 1 hour~2 hours；
After fish body total length reaches 20mm, by carp powder that eel powder and albumen quality percentage are 37% in mass ratio
1：After 1 mixing pasty state is stirred into water；Throw and pecked at for Xichang whitefish on food platform, feed day 3 times, single feeding volume was with 1 hour
Eaten up in~2 hours and be preferred；
60 age in days fry total lengths reach 30mm ± 5mm, change the carp broken material for throwing that albumen quality percentage is 37%, feed day
Amount accounts for the 5%~6% of fish body weight.
The daily feeding and management method of middle and later periods fry is:
Fry total length changes the carp seed material for throwing that the albumen quality percentage that particle diameter is 1mm is 37% after reaching 50mm；Day
Feeding volume accounts for the 3~4% of fish body weight；It is early, middle and late daily to patrol the pool；Check and cleaning fish barrier；Cleaning pond residual bait and miscellaneous in time
Thing, makes intake-outlet current unobstructed；
Total length reaches 65mm ± 5mm after the age in days of fry 120, into the nurture of fish fingerlings stage.
Fish disease does harm to control stategy method：Seed rearing carries out monoculture, not with other fish mixed breeds；
The prevention and controls of Major Diseases are as follows：
The preventing and treating of gyrodactyliasis：Xichang whitefish full pond float of 90% trichlorphon to a large amount of Gyrodactylus, water
When warm 20 DEG C~30 DEG C, every cubic metre of water medication 0.2g~0.5g；Disease fish is embathed with 5% saline solution 5 minutes；
The preventing and treating of saprolegniasis：Sick fish to infecting saprolegniasis soaks 5 minutes~10 points with the saline solution of 2%~3% concentration
Clock；
Bait is mixed with Chinese gall end to feed, 0.1g is reused per kg fish bodies, be used in conjunction 5 days~7 days；Every cube of five times of water body during immersion
Sub- end 2g~4g；
The preventing and treating of trichodinasis：To every cubic metre of water of Xichang whitefish 0.5g copper sulphate and 0.2g sulphur with Trichodina
Sour ferrous iron mixture, full pool spilling head.
Culture to fry initial feed and carry out Application way and be：
In Xichang, the flat trip of whitefish is first 15 days, biological feed is cultivated in outdoor live bait culture pond, with every mu of 150kg quick limes
Full pool spilling head is cleaned up the pond sterilization, by by fermentation and with the pig manure after lime disinfection, pond is stacked at by every mu of 250kg~300kg
Bottom, when injecting water 50cm depths, 20 DEG C of water temperature, cultivated by 10~15 days, and water becomes clear by green, occurs substantial amounts of wheel in water
Worm, the wheel animalcule in live bait culture pond is fished for plankton net, is ingested for fry；Wheel animalcule quantity is fed for 5~8/ml, while
Fry rearing pond still keeps miniflow water state.
The offspring seed cultivation method of Xichang whitefish that the present invention is provided, opening fry takes running water technology fry to be cultivated with rich water
The method that natural biological bait is combined, solves Xichang whitefish and needs water cleaning to enrich natural bait again and spend opening and take the photograph
Eat the contradiction of difficulty；Survival rate of fish fry of the present invention is high, and growth is very fast, and method is easy, it is easy to promote, aquaculture cost is low；The present invention
Can effectively protection and developmental utilization Xichang whitefish germ plasm resource.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the offspring seed cultivation method flow chart of Xichang whitefish provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.
1 pair of application principle of the invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The offspring seed cultivation method of Xichang whitefish provided in an embodiment of the present invention, comprises the following steps：
S101：Temporarily supporting for membrane prelarva is managed：Hatching indoors and storage pond, holding pond, keep miniflow water, create without sunlight straight
Environment is temporarily supported in the peace and quiet penetrated；
S102：The running water technology of opening fry：Using running water technology fry and artificial culture natural biological open-mouthed bait phase
With reference to the running water technology for carrying out opening fry；
S103：The artificial of fry tames and dociles food：Xichang whitefish total length to cultivating reaches the fish of 15mm, 20mm, 30mm ± 5mm
Seedling；The albumen powder from different quality percentage carries out artificial tame and docile food respectively；
S104：Middle and later periods daily feeding and management and fish disease evil control stategy：It is up to throwing particle diameter is changed after 50mm to fry total length
The albumen quality percentage of 1mm is 37% carp seed material；The pool is patrolled daily and clears up pond residual bait and debris in time；Xichang is white
The seed rearing of fish carries out monoculture, not with other kind of fish mixed breed；The seed of Xichang whitefish carries out the preventing and treating of gyrodactyliasis, water
The preventing and treating of mildew, the preventing and treating of trichodinasis.
The offspring seed cultivation method of Xichang whitefish provided in an embodiment of the present invention, comprises the following steps that：
Membrane prelarva temporarily raises film prelarva and need to temporarily support, and it is spent to exogenous nutrition state from endogenous nutritional status
Degree, from indoor 8m × 0.5m × 0.6m inwall tilings cement pit as hatching and storage pond, holding pond, storage pond, holding pond installed above
Root PVC food-grade water pipes, are equipped with many apertures on water pipe, supplied water to prelarva and oxygenation.Temporarily foster fry density is 0.2~0.3 ten thousand
Tail/m2；18~21.5 DEG C of water temperature, temperature difference per day is no more than 3.5 DEG C, and storage pond, holding pond keeps miniflow water, and height of water level is 0.3m, is exchanged day
10~12 times.Indoors, environment is temporarily supported in the peace and quiet for creating without sunlight direct projection to storage pond, holding pond.
Running water technology fry feeds artificial training in time with after the flat trip of artificial culture natural biological open-mouthed bait combination a. fries
The opening living bait educated；B. the culture and utilization of fry initial feed：In Xichang, the flat trip of whitefish is first 15 days, is cultivated in outdoor live bait
Biological feed is cultivated in pond, is cleaned up the pond sterilization with every mu of 150kg quick lime full pool spilling head, will be by fermentation and with after lime disinfection
Pig manure, be stacked at bottom of pond by every mu of 250kg~300kg, inject water 50cm depths, during 20 DEG C of water temperature, trained by 10~15 days
Educate, water becomes clear by green, occurs substantial amounts of wheel animalcule in water, and the wheel animalcule in food organisms culture pond is fished for plankton net,
Ingested for firm fry；Wheel animalcule quantity is fed for 5~8/ml, while fry rearing pond still keeps miniflow water state；
The artificial of fry tames and dociles food, and fry rearing 20~25 days, Xichang whitefish total length reaches 15mm, carries out artificial tame and docile food, choosing
Added water to be placed on after stirring on food platform with the eel powder that albumen quality percentage is 46% and fed, training fry is by natural bait of ingesting
Expect that single feeding volume is preferred to be eaten up in 1~2 hour to manually with feed transition, feeding day 3 times；Fish body total length reaches 20mm
Afterwards, by carp powder in mass ratio 1 that eel powder and albumen quality percentage are 37%：Pasty state is stirred into water after 1 mixing,
Throw and pecked at for Xichang whitefish on food platform, feed day 3 times, single feeding volume is preferred with being eaten up in 1~2 hour；60 age in days fries
Total length changes the carp broken material for throwing that albumen quality percentage is 37% up to 30 ± 5mm, and day feeding volume accounts for the 5~6% of fish body weight；
The feeding and management fry total length of middle and later periods fry changes throwing particle diameter for the albumen quality percentage of 1mm is after reaching 50mm
37% carp seed material.Day feeding volume accounts for the 3~4% of fish body weight；Adhere to daily it is early, middle and late patrol the pool, check and cleaning column fish
Grid；Pond residual bait and debris are cleared up in time, it is ensured that intake-outlet current are unobstructed；Total length is up to 65 ± 5mm after the age in days of fry 120, into
Motility rate up to 78.6%, into the nurture of fish fingerlings stage.
Common fish disease and prevention and controls：Seed rearing carries out monoculture, not with other fish mixed breeds, in case entering property of stop-band
Fish disease infects；Chief complaint and prevention and controls are as follows：A. gyrodactyliasis：Xichang whitefish of a large amount of Gyrodactylus, has on skin
One layer of linen mucus, fish body tarnishes, spot extravasated blood on the severe patient gill filament, and move about abnormal, anorexia, fish body
It is thin and weak, expiratory dyspnea.Sick fish is placed in the culture dish for filling clear water, is examined, it is seen that leech shape small worm is in activity.Preventing and treating
Method：With the full pond float of 90% trichlorphon, during 20~30 DEG C of water temperature, every cubic metre of water 0.2~0.5g of medication, preventing and treating effect
Fruit is preferably；Disease fish is embathed with 5% saline solution 5 minutes；B. saprolegniasis：Saprolegniasis:What sick fish do not see visually in initial infection
Symptom, when naked eyes can see symptom, mycelia invades to fish body wound, and may go deep into muscle, spreads extension, outwards
Cotton wool shape mycelia is grown into, therefore is commonly called as " white hair disease ".Mycelia is sticked with the cell tissue winding of wound, makes necrosis, while
Over-burden for fish body, not normal, anorexia of swimming, last thin and weak and dead.Prevention and controls：Soaked with the saline solution of 2~3% concentration
5~10 minutes, there is certain curative effect.Chinese gall end is mixed bait and is fed, and 0.1g is reused per kg fish bodies, is used in conjunction 5~7 days；Often stood during immersion
Fang Shuiti is with 2~4g.C. trichodinasis：Trichodina is often gathered in the gill filament edge of Xichang whitefish or the gap of the gill filament in a cluster
In, the gill is rotted, the breathing function of fish is had a strong impact on, make fish lethal.Xichang whitefish in main harm fry and fingerling stage, can make
Into explosive death；Symptom is mainly shown as that body blacks, and becomes thin, and is often gathered in water inlet or groupuscule is distributed in fishpond corner,
Float on water body upper strata, or static dull, or manic alter trip；Prevention and controls：Every cubic metre of water 0.5g copper sulphate and 0.2g sulphur
Sour ferrous iron mixture, full pool spilling head can effectively kill the Trichodina on the gill.
The offspring seed cultivation method opening fry of Xichang whitefish provided in an embodiment of the present invention takes running water technology fry with fertilizer
The method that water planting educates the combination of natural biological bait, solves Xichang whitefish and needs water cleaning to enrich natural bait again and spend
The contradiction of initial feeding difficulty；Survival rate of fish fry is high, and growth is very fast, and method is easy, it is easy to promote, aquaculture cost is low；Can be effective
Ground protection and developmental utilization Xichang whitefish germ plasm resource.
Presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is the foregoing is only, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all in essence of the invention
Any modification, equivalent and improvement made within god and principle etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of offspring seed cultivation method of Xichang whitefish, it is characterised in that the offspring seed cultivation method of Xichang whitefish includes：
Temporarily supporting for membrane prelarva is managed：Hatching indoors and storage pond, holding pond, keep miniflow water, create the peace and quiet of without sunlight direct projection temporarily
Support environment；
The running water technology of opening fry：It is combined out with artificial culture natural biological open-mouthed bait using running water technology fry
The running water technology of mouth fry；
The artificial of fry tames and dociles food：Xichang whitefish total length to cultivating reaches the fry of 15mm, 20mm, 30mm ± 5mm；Select respectively
The albumen powder of different quality percentage carries out artificial taming and dociling and eats；
Middle and later periods daily feeding and management and fish disease evil control stategy：Change the albumen for throwing that particle diameter is 1mm after 50mm is reached to fry total length
Mass percent is 37% carp seed material；The pool is patrolled daily and clears up pond residual bait and debris in time；The seed of Xichang whitefish
Cultivate and carry out monoculture, not with other kind of fish mixed breed；The seed of Xichang whitefish carry out the preventing and treating of gyrodactyliasis, saprolegniasis it is anti-
Control, the preventing and treating of trichodinasis.
2. the offspring seed cultivation method of Xichang whitefish as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that membrane prelarva temporarily supports management method
For：：
From indoor 8m × 0.5m × 0.6m inwall tilings cement pit as hatching and storage pond, holding pond, storage pond, holding pond installed above
Root PVC food-grade water pipes, are provided with many apertures for prelarva water supply and oxygenation on water pipe, temporarily foster fry density is 0.2 ten thousand
Tail/m2~0.3 ten thousand tails/m2；18 DEG C~21.5 DEG C of water temperature, temperature difference per day is no more than 3.5 DEG C, and storage pond, holding pond keeps miniflow water, height of water level
It is 0.3m, exchanges 10 times~12 times day；The storage pond, holding pond is disposed in the interior, and ring is temporarily supported in the peace and quiet for creating without sunlight direct projection
Border.
3. the offspring seed cultivation method of Xichang whitefish as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in the running water technology of opening fry
It is combined with artificial culture natural biological open-mouthed bait using running water technology fry；
Specifically include：
A. fry puts down the timely opening living bait for feeding artificial culture after trip；
B. culture to fry initial feed and utilize.
4. the offspring seed cultivation method of Xichang whitefish as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the manually tame and docile food method bag of fry
Include：
Fry rearing 20 days~25 days, Xichang whitefish total length reaches 15mm, carries out artificial taming and dociling and eats；It is from albumen quality percentage
46% eel powder adds water to be placed on after stirring on food platform and feeds；Training fry is from natural bait of ingesting to manually with feed mistake
Cross, feed day 3 times, single feeding volume is preferred with being eaten up in 1 hour~2 hours；
After fish body total length reaches 20mm, by the carp powder in mass ratio 1 that eel powder and albumen quality percentage are 37%：1
After mixing pasty state is stirred into water；Throw and pecked at for Xichang whitefish on food platform, feed day 3 times, single feeding volume is with 1 hour~2
Eaten up in hour and be preferred；
60 age in days fry total lengths reach 30mm ± 5mm, change the carp broken material for throwing that albumen quality percentage is 37%, and day feeding volume is accounted for
The 5%~6% of fish body weight.
5. the offspring seed cultivation method of Xichang whitefish as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the daily raising of middle and later periods fry
Management method is:
Fry total length changes the carp seed material for throwing that the albumen quality percentage that particle diameter is 1mm is 37% after reaching 50mm；Day feeds
Amount accounts for the 3%~4% of fish body weight；It is early, middle and late daily to patrol the pool；Check and cleaning fish barrier；Cleaning pond residual bait and miscellaneous in time
Thing, makes intake-outlet current unobstructed；
Total length reaches 65mm ± 5mm after the age in days of fry 120, into the nurture of fish fingerlings stage.
6. the offspring seed cultivation method of Xichang whitefish as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that fish disease does harm to control stategy method
For：Seed rearing carries out monoculture, not with other fish mixed breeds；
The prevention and controls of Major Diseases are as follows：
The preventing and treating of gyrodactyliasis：Xichang whitefish full pond float of 90% trichlorphon to a large amount of Gyrodactylus, water temperature 20
DEG C~30 DEG C when, every cubic metre of water medication 0.2g~0.5g；Disease fish is embathed with 5% saline solution 5 minutes；
The preventing and treating of saprolegniasis：Sick fish to infecting saprolegniasis is soaked 5 minutes~10 minutes with the saline solution of 2%~3% concentration；
Bait is mixed with Chinese gall end to feed, 0.1g is reused per kg fish bodies, be used in conjunction 5 days~7 days；Every cube of water body Chinese gall end during immersion
With 2g~4g；
The preventing and treating of trichodinasis：It is sub- with 0.5g copper sulphate and 0.2g sulfuric acid to the every cubic metre of water of Xichang whitefish with Trichodina
Iron mixture, full pool spilling head.
7. the offspring seed cultivation method of Xichang whitefish as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the culture to fry initial feed
And carry out Application way and be：
In Xichang, the flat trip of whitefish is first 15 days, biological feed is cultivated in outdoor live bait culture pond, with every mu of full pond of 150kg quick limes
Splash sterilization of cleaning up the pond, by by fermentation and with the pig manure after lime disinfection, bottom of pond is stacked at by every mu of 250kg~300kg, note
Enter water 50cm depths, during 20 DEG C of water temperature, cultivated by 10 days~15 days, water becomes clear by green, occurs substantial amounts of wheel animalcule in water,
The wheel animalcule that the confession fry in live bait culture pond ingests is fished for plankton net；Wheel animalcule quantity is fed for 5/ml~8/ml,
Fry rearing pond still keeps miniflow water state simultaneously.
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| CN109089963A (en) * | 2018-08-07 | 2018-12-28 | 苏州市相城区阳澄湖镇剑美水产生态养殖专业合作社 | A kind of natural lake whitefish winter cultural method |
| CN110915730A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-03-27 | 昆明市水产科学研究所 | Industrial whitebait fry breeding method |
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