CN106106295B - A kind of three-dimensional ecological cultivation method of fugu obscura commercial fish - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a three-dimensional ecological breeding method for puffer obscurus commercial fish. According to the living habits of puffer puffer obscurus, silver carp, bighead carp and Penaeus vannamei, outdoor cultivation is carried out, and silver carp and bighead carp feed on plankton and Phytoplankton live in the upper part of the water body and effectively control the cyanobacteria in the water body. The stocking density is 2 to 3 tails/m³. The prawns live at the bottom of the water body. It mainly cleans up residual bait and fish feces. Fugu obscurus is concentrated in the middle of the water body. In addition to feeding, it can also prey on diseased shrimp, thus forming a complete ecological breeding water system and biological chain. The process includes ① outdoor water quality cultivation, ② migration and transportation of fish species and shrimp seedlings, ③ stocking of fish species and shrimp seedlings, ④ feed feeding and water quality monitoring, ⑤ fish and shrimp capture and other steps. Through the three-dimensional ecological breeding, the water quality change can be effectively controlled, the water body can be fully utilized to reduce the breeding cost, and the economic benefit can be significantly improved.

Description

A kind of three-dimensional ecological cultivation method of fugu obscura commercial fish

technical field

The invention relates to the field of fish farming, in particular to a method for cultivating commercial fish of puffer puffer obscura.

Background technique

The patent number is 201210280597.0, which is an invention patent named "Three-stage Fugu obscurus breeding process". This patent discloses the "three-stage" culture of Puffer obscurus, including intensive indoor cultivation of fish fry and outdoor breeding ponds for fish species. Cultivation and juveniles simulate the three stages of natural overwintering indoors. Among them, the cultivation of fish fingerlings in outdoor breeding ponds means that after intensive cultivation indoors, the fry are transferred to the breeding ponds for fattening when they grow to more than 30mm and the water temperature in the outdoor breeding ponds is stable at 18°C to 25°C. Therefore, the outdoor breeding pond cultivation of puffer obscurus is an indispensable condition for Zhongyang Group to breed puffer obscurus.

However, outdoor aquaculture ponds are different from indoor intensive aquaculture ponds. Indoor intensive aquaculture ponds have high aquaculture density, controllable water temperature, and can easily realize water discharge and uninterrupted water circulation. However, outdoor aquaculture ponds are not easy to achieve in these aspects, and it takes a long time. The high-density breeding of time will also cause the accumulation of residual bait and feces to affect the water quality, resulting in eutrophication of the water body and the formation of blue-green algae. Therefore, it is very difficult to carry out single high-density aquaculture in traditional outdoor aquaculture ponds.

Contents of the invention

Purpose of the invention: the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method suitable for the large-scale cultivation of puffer puffer fish in the outdoor culture pond cultivation stage, and can form a complete ecological system and biological chain at the same time.

Technical solution: In order to solve the large-scale breeding problem of puffer puffer fish in the outdoor breeding pond cultivation stage, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a three-dimensional ecological breeding method of puffer puffer obscurus, according to puffer puffer obscurus, silver carp, The living habits of bighead carp and Penaeus vannamei are cultivated outdoors by adopting a three-dimensional ecological simulation breeding method. Silver carp and bighead carp live in the upper part of the water body, and the stocking density is 2 to 3 fish/m³. By foraging for plankton and phytoplankton, they can effectively control the cyanobacteria in the water body. Penaeus vannamei lives at the bottom of the water body, and it mainly cleans up residual bait and fish feces. Pufferfish obscurus lives in the middle of the water body in the outdoor breeding pond. During the breeding process, a small amount of Penaeus vannamei will be preyed on by pufferfish obscurus after getting sick. This will form a complete ecological breeding water system and biological chain. The specific operations include the following step:

(1) Disinfected water quality cultivation in outdoor breeding ponds

Drain the accumulated water in the outdoor breeding pond around December of the first winter, plow the bottom of the pond and expose it to the sun for 20 to 30 days, and then spray 90g/㎡～120g/㎡ of quicklime on the bottom of the pond and around it for disinfection. In the second year, one week before puffer obscurus is put into the outdoor breeding pond, fill the outdoor breeding pond with 1.2m~2m of water, sprinkle fermented and sterilized organic fertilizer 15g/m³~25g/m³ into the pond, and ensure that the water in the outdoor breeding pond Body transparency 30cm ~ 40cm.

(2) Migration and transportation of fish species and shrimp fry

Before puffer obscura is put into the outdoor breeding pond, the fish fry that have been intensively cultivated indoors are moved from the intensive breeding pond to the outdoors, and the fry with a weight of 70g to 150g are selected and have the morphological characteristics of lively swimming, strong physique, and sensitive response to external stimuli. The pufferfish obscura are manually caught, and then loaded into an oxygenated water tanker, the water temperature in the oxygenated tanker is controlled at 18°C to 20°C, and the loading density is controlled at 300 to 500 tails/m³.

Before putting Penaeus vannamei in the outdoor breeding pond, select high-quality Penaeus vannamei seedlings, use a 30L oxygen bag, fill it with 1/3 of water, and fill each bag with 20,000 to 30,000 shrimp seedlings to fill with enough oxygen , control the water temperature in the bag at 20°C to 22°C, and control the transportation time within 15 hours.

(3) Stocking of fish fingerlings and shrimp fry

From mid-April to early May of the second year, when the water temperature in the outdoor breeding pond was measured to be stable above 18°C, a small amount of puffer pufferfish seedlings that had been intensively cultivated indoors were first put into the water to test the water. After 24 hours of observation, no After the abnormality, put the seedlings in the oxygenated water tanker into the outdoor culture pond, and control the stocking density of the outdoor culture pond to be 2 to 3 tails/m³.

After puffer obscurus stocking is completed, silver carp and bighead carp with a size of 100g to 150g are released at a density of 10/1000m3 to 15/1000m3. The ratio of silver carp to bighead carp is 1:1.2 to 1:1.5 .

Before May of the second year, set up four temporary breeding areas with a length of 30m to 40m and a width of 3m to 5m in the shallow water area around the ridge of the outdoor breeding pond where pufferfish obscura has been placed. By the first ten days of May, when the water temperature in the outdoor breeding pond is stable above 20°C, put the shrimp seedlings in a bag and oxygenate them into the holding area. Put the shrimp seedlings into the pond, and control the stocking density of 250 to 300 tails/m³ in the temporary breeding area. After the shrimp seedlings are temporarily raised in the temporary breeding area for 30 to 40 days, when the length of the shrimp seedlings is longer than 2cm, the temporary rearing area is removed, and the whole pond stocking.

(4) Feed feeding and water quality monitoring

After all feeding is completed, puffer obscurus chooses the corresponding compound feed, and it is fed once a day in the morning and evening. The daily feeding amount is 1% to 3% of the fish's weight. Feed the corresponding mixed feed of Penaeus vannamei in the shallow water area, and the daily feeding amount accounts for 1% to 2% of the body weight of the shrimp.

Regularly monitor the water quality, and when the transparency of the pool water is greater than 50cm, fertilize and cultivate bait in time.

(5) Fish and shrimp capture

When the growth size of Penaeus vannamei is greater than 120 tails/kg, use the push net to push and catch the outdoor culture pond. After the prawns are caught, from October to the end of November of the year, use the net to pull the puffer. After harvesting, they are transferred to indoor breeding ponds for overwintering.

Preferably, the water area of the outdoor culture pond is 10 mu, and the depth is 2m-3m.

Beneficial effects: provide a method suitable for large-scale cultivation of puffer puffer species in the outdoor breeding pond cultivation stage, and its advantages are mainly reflected in:

①Increase the space utilization rate and economic benefits of outdoor breeding ponds. Silver carp and bighead carp live in the upper part of the outdoor breeding pond, puffer obscura mainly lives in the middle of the outdoor breeding pond, and vannamei lives at the bottom of the outdoor breeding pond, thus forming a three-dimensional ecological farming.

② The three-dimensional ecological breeding model with puffer obscurus as the mainstay, vannamei shrimp and silver carp as the auxiliary can effectively purify the water quality. Silver carp and bighead carp mainly feed on plankton and phytoplankton in the upper layer, effectively solving the problem of blue-green algae in the outdoor breeding pond, and vannamei in the lower layer solves the problem of residual bait and fish feces.

③Promote the muscle and gonad development of puffer puffer obscura. The vast waters of the outdoor breeding pond provide the natural ecological growth environment and unlimited swimming for puffer puffer, and puffer pufferfish promotes development by preying on freshly dead Penaeus vannamei rich in high protein, and also makes it possible to market The pufferfish obscura has more firm flesh.

④ Effectively solve the problem of water temperature in the breeding pond. From March to October every year, the water temperature in the outdoor breeding pond can be stabilized at about 18°C to 24°C, and the light is sufficient, further reducing the cost of breeding.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific examples of domestication in the wild.

In this embodiment, the selected outdoor culture pond is a square outdoor culture pond manually dug, the water area of the outdoor culture pond is about 10 mu, the depth in the middle of the pond is 3m, and the periphery is 2m. The specific implementation steps are:

(1) Water quality cultivation and slope protection treatment in outdoor breeding ponds

Drain the accumulated water in the outdoor breeding pond in late December of the first winter, plow the bottom of the pond and expose it to the sun for 30 days, then spray 90g/㎡～120g/㎡ of quicklime on the bottom of the pond and around it for disinfection. In the second year, one week before Puffer obscurus is put into the outdoor breeding pond, the outdoor breeding pond will be filled with 1.2m~2m of water, and the water quality will be monitored after water injection. After the water quality meets the water quality standard for freshwater aquaculture, the fermented and sterilized organic Fertilizer 15g/m³～25g/m³, and ensure the water transparency of outdoor breeding ponds is 30cm～40cm.

(2) Migration and transportation of fish species and shrimp fry

Before puffer obscura is put into the outdoor breeding pond, the fish fry that have been intensively cultivated indoors are moved from the intensive breeding pond to the outdoors, and the fry with a weight of 70g to 150g are selected and have the morphological characteristics of lively swimming, strong physique, and sensitive response to external stimuli. The pufferfish obscura were caught manually, and then loaded into an oxygenated water tanker. The water temperature in the oxygenated tanker was controlled at 19°C, and the loading density was controlled at 450 fish/m³.

Before putting Penaeus vannamei in the outdoor breeding pond, select high-quality Penaeus vannamei seedlings, use a 30L oxygen bag, fill it with 1/3 of water, and fill each bag with 20,000 to 30,000 shrimp seedlings to fill with enough oxygen , Control the water temperature in the bag at 20°C to 22°C, and the transportation time is 13h.

(3) Stocking of fish fingerlings and shrimp fry

In the middle and late April of the second year, the water temperature in the outdoor breeding pond was measured to be stable above 18°C. First, a small amount of puffer pufferfish seedlings that had been intensively cultivated indoors were put in to test the water. The seedlings in the oxygen water vehicle were put into the outdoor breeding pond, and the stocking density of the outdoor breeding pond was controlled to be 2 to 3 fish/m³, and the total number of fugu obscura was put in was 26,630.

After puffer obscurus stocking is completed, silver carp and bighead carp with a size of 100g to 150g are released at a density of 10/1000m3 to 15/1000m3. The ratio of silver carp to bighead carp is 1:1.2 to 1:1.5 , put 100 silver carp and 130 bighead carp.

At the end of April of the second year, set up four temporary breeding areas with a length of 30m-40m and a width of 3m-5m in the shallow water area around the ridge of the outdoor breeding pond where pufferfish obscura has been put in, and wait until the first ten days of May , when the water temperature in the outdoor breeding pond is stable at around 22°C, put the shrimp seedlings in a bag and oxygenate them into the temporary rearing area. The seedlings are put into the pond, and the stocking density of the temporary raising area is controlled to be 250 to 300 tails/m3. In this embodiment, 80,000 shrimp seedlings are put in. After the shrimp seedlings are temporarily raised in the temporary raising area for 30 days to 40 days, the length of the shrimp seedlings is greater than 2cm. Afterwards, remove the holding area temporarily, and the whole pond is put into a suitable place to breed.

(6) Feed feeding and water quality monitoring

After all feeding is completed, puffer obscurus chooses the corresponding compound feed, and it is fed once a day in the morning and evening. The daily feeding amount is 1% to 3% of the fish's weight. Feed the corresponding mixed feed of Penaeus vannamei in the shallow water area, and the daily feeding amount accounts for 1% to 2% of the body weight of the shrimp.

Regularly monitor the water quality, and when the transparency of the pool water is greater than 50cm, fertilize and cultivate bait in time. The water quality monitoring conditions are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Water quality monitoring during breeding

(7) Fish and shrimp capture

In September of the second year, a batch of Penaeus vannamei was caught, and the growth size of Penaeus vannamei was measured to be greater than 120 tails/kg. They were caught by pushing nets around the outdoor breeding pond. After the prawns were caught, in October of that year By the end of November, puffer obscurus was caught by pulling nets and then transferred to indoor breeding ponds for overwintering.

After fishing in the whole pond, the actual number of pufferfish caught was 22,103, with a survival rate of 83%. The actual number of whiteleg shrimp caught was more than 72,000, with a survival rate of more than 90%, both higher than expected.

During the whole breeding process, the water body in the outdoor breeding pond was in good condition, there was no cyanobacteria problem on the surface of the water body, and no dead shrimp was found on the water surface, forming a relatively complete ecological breeding water system and biological chain.

The above is only one embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, various improvements and changes can be made, including for adapting to different fish species. Within the principle and scope of the invention, the modifications, modifications, improvements, etc., should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of fugu obscurus marketable fish stereo ecological cultural method, it is characterised in that: silver carp lives in the top of water body, leads to It crosses planktonic organism of looking for food and effectively controls water body cyanobacteria；Prawn lives in the bottom of water body, main to clear up residual bait and fish excrement；Dark line east Square Puffer lives in outdoor breeding water body intermediate region, in breeding process, have a small amount of Penaeus Vannmei it is sick after by dark line Fugu predation, forms a complete ecosystem and biological chain, specifically includes the following steps:

(1) outdoor breeding pond sterilizes fertilizer treatment

Outdoor breeding pond ponding is drained in or so the December in First Year winter, bottom of pond is carried out to turn over exposure 20 days~30 days Afterwards, then full bottom of pond portion and surrounding 90g/ ㎡~120g/ ㎡ quick lime of splashing carry out disinfection；It is thrown to second year in fugu obscurus Be put into outdoor breeding pond the last week, by outdoor breeding pond fill the water 1.2m~2m, splash into pond fermentation and by disinfection it is organic Fertile 15g/m³~25g/m³, and guarantee outdoor breeding pond water transparency 30cm~40cm；

(2) fingerling and shrimp seedling migration and transport

Before fugu obscurus is launched to outdoor breeding pond, it will be moved by the fry of indoor reinforced cultivating from intensive culture pond Move on to outdoor, select weight 70g~150g's and have move about it is active, physical strong, special to the sensitive form of extraneous stimulate the reaction The fugu obscurus of sign is manually caught, and oxygenation waterwheel is then charged into, and is controlled oxygenated water car water temperature at 18 DEG C~20 DEG C, is filled Density domination is carried in 300 tails~500 tails/m³；

It launches in Penaeus Vannmei into before outdoor breeding pond, selects good Penaeus Vannmei seedling, using the oxygen bag of 30L, 1/3 will be wherein filled the water, per packed 20,000 tail of shrimp seedling~30,000 tails, is charged into enough oxygen, controls in bag water temperature at 20 DEG C~22 DEG C, Haulage time controls within 15h；

(3) fingerling and shrimp seedling are put in a suitable place to breed

In second year mid or late April, the water temperature stability in outdoor breeding pond is measured at 18 DEG C or more, is first launched on a small quantity through indoor strong Change the fugu obscurus seedling cultivated and carry out examination water, after observation in 24 hours is without exception, the seedling of oxygenated water car is put into room The throw-in density of outer aquaculture pond, the outer aquaculture pond of control room is 2 tails~3 tails/m³；

After the completion of fugu obscurus is put in a suitable place to breed, with 10 tails/1000m³~15 tails/1000m³Density launch specification be 100g~ The blend proportion of the silver carp and bighead of 150g, silver carp and bighead is 1:1.2~1:1.5；

In the late April of second year, in the outdoor breeding pond for having launched fugu obscurus close to the phytal zone of pond ridge surrounding Be arranged 4 long 30m~40m, the area Zan Yang of wide 3m~5m, in the first tenday period of a month in May, outdoor breeding pond water temperature stability at 20 DEG C or more, First shrimp seedling pack oxygenation is put into the area Zan Yang, when the water temperature wait be oxygenated in bag is consistent with aquaculture pond water temperature, unlocks oxygenation bag, It launches shrimp seedling and enters pond, control 250 tail of the area Zan Yang throw-in density~300 tails/m³, after shrimp seedling is temporarily supported 30 days~40 days in the area Zan Yang, After shrimp seedling height is greater than 2cm, the area Zan Yang is removed, full pond is put in a suitable place to breed；

(4) feedstuff feeding and monitoring water quality

To be put to be fully completed, fugu obscurus selects corresponding mixed feed, daily morning and evening it is each launch it is primary, day injected volume be It is white to feed corresponding South America along pond ridge surrounding phytal zone after fugu obscurus feed has launched 1h for the 1%~3% of fish body weight Prawn mixed fodder, daily ration of feeding account for the 1%~2% of shrimp weight；

Periodically water quality is monitored, when water transparence is greater than 50cm, bait is trained in application in time；

(5) fishes and shrimps capture

When Penaeus Vannmei growth specification is greater than 120 tails/kg, is pushed away and caught along outdoor breeding pond surrounding with passage diddle-net, to prawn After the completion of capture, current year October to by the end of November, be transferred to room after catching by the way of seine to fugu obscurus Interior aquaculture pond is overwintering；

The water surface area in the outdoor breeding pond is 10 mu, and depth is 2m~3m.