CN103314901A - Method for culturing finless eel in net cage - Google Patents
Method for culturing finless eel in net cage Download PDFInfo
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- CN103314901A CN103314901A CN2013102372945A CN201310237294A CN103314901A CN 103314901 A CN103314901 A CN 103314901A CN 2013102372945 A CN2013102372945 A CN 2013102372945A CN 201310237294 A CN201310237294 A CN 201310237294A CN 103314901 A CN103314901 A CN 103314901A
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- NFACJZMKEDPNKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorfon Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)C(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl NFACJZMKEDPNKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
A method for culturing finless eel in a net cage is disclosed. A culturing pool is a pool which has an east-west trend, a length-width ratio of 3: 2, an area of 2000-10000 m<2>, a pool ridge of 1.8 m-2.0 m in height, a water level stabilized at 1.4-1.5 m for a long term, and complete water feeding and discharge facilities. The method for culturing the finless eel in the net cage comprises the steps of: cleaning and disinfecting the pool 10-15 days before finless eel seeds are placed into the pool, to be specific, firstly pumping water out of the pool and checking if a hole exists; then cleaning the pool by using calcined lime; using 1125-2250 kg/hm<2> of the calcined lime when the water in the pool is 7-10 cm in depth; if the water in the pool cannot be completely pumped out, cleaning the pool by using bleaching powder; filling filtered new water 7 days after the pool is cleaned; applying base fertilizer after the water filling; culturing the water quality by packing organic fertilizers such as chicken manure and pig manure at the four corners of the pool; fertilizing at a usage amount of 2250-3000 kg/hm<2>; placing the finless eel into the pool 5-7 days after the fertilization.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for aquaculture, especially a kind of cage culture swamp eel method.
Background technology
Swamp eel belongs to Cypriniformes, and Cobitidae is small-sized economic fish, belongs to temperate water fishes, and the growth water temperature is 15 ~ 30 ℃, and optimum water temperature is 22 ~ 28 ℃, and water temperature is higher than 32 ℃ and pierces in the mud, and water temperature is lower than 7 ℃ and slips into hibernation in the mud.Loach can not only be used gill respiration, can also utilize skin and intestines to breathe, and strong to adaptive capacity to environment, hypoxia-bearing capability is stronger.Usually live in water-bed layer, the custom of sludge is arranged, like neutral and slightly acidic cohesive soil.Swamp eel is ominivore-fish, and that often ingests has a microorganism in water flea, silk earthworm, pasture and water and the water, commonly usedly stacks that methods such as chicken manure, cow dung, pig manure are bred bait or the artificial pellet of throwing something and feeding is fed swamp eel.Swamp eel ingests, and much more general between the lights and night as at egg-laying period and growth animated period, also ingest daytime, and the swamp eel in egg-laying period food ration than usual increases, and female swamp eel ingests many than realgar eel.The general 2 rheological properties maturations of swamp eel can repeatedly be laid eggs in 1 year, and the egg-laying period is 4 ℃ of Augusts, and wherein are egg production peak times 5 ℃ of June, the weak stickiness of fertilized egg tool.Swamp eel be a kind of widely distributed, adaptability is very strong, to the less demanding small-sized freshwater fish of environmental condition, be one of important aquatic products of China's foreign trade outlet.Swamp eel is strong because of its adaptability, disease is few, survival rate is high, and fertility is strong, convenient transportation, bait are easy to get, and has become important aquaculture kind, and the breed prospect is very wide.The pond culture swamp eel is to adopt more a kind of breeding way at present, the unit yield height, and the technology operant level requires also high, and general output can reach 23 ~ 36t/hm
2
Summary of the invention
One of purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of cage culture swamp eel method may further comprise the steps:
Build in the breed pond: distant breed pond is with east-west, and aspect ratio is 3:2, area 2000-10000 m
2, the high 1.8m-2.0m in the ridge, pond, the water potential long-term stability is at 1.4-1.5 m, enters the perfect pond of pumping equipment to be; Preceding 10 ~ the 15d in the pool under the swamp eel seedling, the sterilization of should cleaning up the pond is drained Chi Shui earlier, checks to have or not leak, cleans up the pond with quicklime then, during the depth of water 7 ~ 10cm of pond, with quicklime 1125 ~ 2250kg/hm
2If pond water can't drain, and cleans up the pond with bleaching powder, the back 7d that cleans up the pond injects new water, and the new water of injection will filter, and basal dressing after the water filling is cultivated water quality, and method is fertilizers such as chicken manure, pig manure on four jiaos of heaps in pond, consumption 2250 ~ 3000kg/hm
2, can put swamp eel in a suitable place to breed behind fertilising 5 ~ 7d;
The making of net cage and installation: net cage selects for use 3 * 2,3 * 4 polyethylene not have joint net sheet or pure white spun yarn not to be had joint net sheet and manufactures, cage size is 3 meters * 2 meters * 1.5 meters, 2 meters * 2 meters * 1.5 meters, net cage arranges the 1/3-1/2 that density is total water surface, 50-80 centimetre of net cage underwater penetration, freeboard are not less than 50 centimetres; Fixing timber and the iron wire of adopting of net cage, also can use bamboo pole, headline is tightened, and infraclass is loose, put and plant preceding 7-10 days, the water logging bubble makes its periphtic algae under the net cage, and friction is injured when avoiding the yellow eel cartonning, to transplant pasture and water such as water peanut, timothy in the eel case, its area coverage reaches about 90% of net cage area, with 2-3% salt or 10ppm bleaching powder pasture and water is carried out soaking disinfection before the pasture and water inlet, removes leech.
Seed is put in a suitable place to breed: generally in the 9-10 month or the 3-4 month, breeding density is at 200-220 tail/case, select fine weather, according to each case yellow eel specification and survive situation, eel kind specification and density in the case are done suitable adjustment and additional, with copper sulphate or the sterilization of 4% ~ 5% saline solution, when water temperature 10 ~ 15 is spent, embathe 20 ~ 30m in before putting in a suitable place to breed; Tame and docile food: at each net cage two ends intensive water surface of pasture and water 2 feed tables are set, do not throw in any bait after the swamp eel cartonning in 3 d, make it be in starvation, the compound of the earthworm deep pool that is about swamp eel body weight 1.5% or fish gruel, manufactured feed at dusk began to throw something and feed on the 4th day, behind the distant tame and docile food 1 credit 2d of the rotten chin or cheek of fish manufactured feed=9 chins or cheeks, 1 injustice, change and feed the fresh and alive small fish that rubs, screw meat etc., and constantly increase manufactured feed, make fresh fish and manufactured feed respectively account for 1/2 behind the 7d, finish until culturing; Yellow eel is very responsive to environmental change and food odors.When the natural wild eel kind that choose in market is cultured, the domestication of must ingesting after the cartonning.The domestication of ingesting comprises two stages, i.e. opening domestication and the domestication of commentaries on classics food.⑴ opening domestication: after the cartonning of eel kind, the 4th day begins feeding at dusk, and the feed fixed point is put on the interior pasture and water of case, and feeding volume is 1% of yellow eel body weight, and when feeding volume reached the 5-6% of eel kind body weight, the opening domestication was finished.⑵ change the food domestication: after opening is tamed successfully, the manufactured feed that in animality fresh bait material, adds 5-10%, after treating that the yellow eel adaptation is also ingested fully, day increases progressively manufactured feed 15-20% again, 1 kilogram of the every minimizing of feed of animal origin, manufactured feed adds 0.2 kilogram of replacement, till meeting the pre-determined proportioning of animal feed and manufactured feed.⑶ feeding volume: ingest tame successfully after, namely enter normal management phase.Day feeding rate is: fresh bait 7-10%, or manufactured feed 1-3%, 1 day 1 time, specifically throw something and feed and look temperature, water temperature, water quality, surplus bait, the speed of ingesting etc. and grasp flexibly.
Aquaculture management: in time topdress according to the water quality girth of a garment, general per 30 ~ 40d topdresses each 900 ~ 1125 kg/hm 1 time
2Water transparence control is at 15 ~ 20cm, the water colour yellow green, the animality of in time throwing something and feeding and vegetal bait, the manufactured feed of also can throwing something and feeding, throw raise accomplish, fix a point, regularly, decide matter, quantitatively, day in the fingerling stage throwing amount of raising is 5% ~ 8% of fish body weight, the adult fish stage is about 5%, and water temperature is higher than 30 ℃ and should reduce when being lower than 10 ℃ and throw something and feed.Feed 1 time every day at dusk during beginning, and domestication later on changes into throwing daytime and raises, and the upper and lower noon respectively throws and raises 1 time, and high temperature season should be taken shading shed at the food platform; Bait feeding: loose and throw live spiral shell 100-200kg/ mu or the animal bait of manually throwing something and feeding, comprise low-value small fish, shrimp, livestock and poultry offal, pig blood, ox blood, or vegetal bait, comprise the complete granular material, beans, the wheat class, corn, Chinese sorghum, and green fodder, as melon, greengrocery, pasture and water, the life habit that season and river crab were hidden by day and come out at night when bait throwing in time should be according to fishing is carried out bait throwing in, throw something and feed every day twice, early respectively throw something and feed once for 8 and late 5, should be based on the dusk bait throwing in, the bait throwing on daytime is auxilliary, its, daily ration, feeding quantity should account for 70% of whole day daily ration, feeding quantity in night, account for 30% daytime, daily ration, feeding quantity is had enough with river crab and surplus residual bait degree of being, total bait throwing in principle be " two essence; middle blue or green; smart blue or green combination, meat and vegetables collocation " be the bait throwing in season in spring and autumn based on fine fodder, summer, bait throwing in was based on green fodder;
Damage by disease and insect prevention and control: at 7,8,9 three months; to use quicklime and disinfectant alternately once sterilizing to be carried out in pond and net cage in every 15-20 days; while per 15 days pharmaceutical chemistry of throwing something and feeding a time; the strict sterilization diseases prevention; guarantee swamp eel seedling healthy growth, the swamp eel adaptive capacity is very strong, as long as management is proper; avoid the mechanical damage of loach body, generally seldom morbidity.Should note prevention at ordinary times, often sterilize, do a good job of it the sterilization of fish body, pond sterilization, feed table sterilization, should in time pull out if find the swamp eel that dies of illness, with other swamp eels of protecting from infection, and treatment in time: (1) saprolegniasis: loach ovum control 1m
3Water is put the solution bathing 1h that salt 400g adds sodium bicarbonate 400g, and sick swamp eel can be embathed 5 ~ 10m in 3% saline solution, and heavy person can embathe 5 ~ 15m in only with water mold; Red fin fish disease: external application 1 bleaching powder is splashed; The salt water-bath wash disinfection of application 5% before seed is put in a suitable place to breed; Pharmaceutical chemistry for oral administration restrains bacterium with reaching, orfloxacin is made bait feeding; Parasitosis: available copper sulphate and mixture of ferrous sulfate are splashed or are splashed with crystal chlorophos.
Embodiment
Below will be described in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention; Should be appreciated that preferred embodiment only for the present invention is described, rather than in order to limit protection scope of the present invention.
A kind of cage culture swamp eel method may further comprise the steps:
1. culturing the pond builds
Distant breed pond is with east-west, and aspect ratio is 3:2, area 2000-10000 m
2, the high 1.8m-2.0m in the ridge, pond, the water potential long-term stability is at 1.4-1.5 m, enters the perfect pond of pumping equipment to be; Preceding 10 ~ the 15d in the pool under the swamp eel seedling, the sterilization of should cleaning up the pond is drained Chi Shui earlier, checks to have or not leak, cleans up the pond with quicklime then, during the depth of water 7 ~ 10cm of pond, with quicklime 1125 ~ 2250kg/hm
2If pond water can't drain, and cleans up the pond with bleaching powder, the back 7d that cleans up the pond injects new water, and the new water of injection will filter, and basal dressing after the water filling is cultivated water quality, and method is fertilizers such as chicken manure, pig manure on four jiaos of heaps in pond, consumption 2250 ~ 3000kg/hm
2, can put swamp eel in a suitable place to breed behind fertilising 5 ~ 7d;
2. the making of net cage and installation
Net cage selects for use 3 * 2,3 * 4 polyethylene not have joint net sheet or pure white spun yarn not to be had joint net sheet and manufactures, cage size is 3 meters * 2 meters * 1.5 meters, 2 meters * 2 meters * 1.5 meters, net cage arranges the 1/3-1/2 that density is total water surface, and 50-80 centimetre of net cage underwater penetration, freeboard are not less than 50 centimetres; Fixing timber and the iron wire of adopting of net cage, also can use bamboo pole, headline is tightened, and infraclass is loose, put and plant preceding 7-10 days, the water logging bubble makes its periphtic algae under the net cage, and friction is injured when avoiding the yellow eel cartonning, to transplant pasture and water such as water peanut, timothy in the eel case, its area coverage reaches about 90% of net cage area, with 2-3% salt or 10ppm bleaching powder pasture and water is carried out soaking disinfection before the pasture and water inlet, removes leech.
3. seed is put in a suitable place to breed
Generally in the 9-10 month or the 3-4 month, breeding density is at 200-220 tail/case, select fine weather, according to each case yellow eel specification and survive situation, eel kind specification and density in the case are done suitable adjustment and additional, with copper sulphate or the sterilization of 4% ~ 5% saline solution, when water temperature 10 ~ 15 is spent, embathe 20 ~ 30m in before putting in a suitable place to breed; Tame and docile food: at each net cage two ends intensive water surface of pasture and water 2 feed tables are set, do not throw in any bait after the swamp eel cartonning in 3 d, make it be in starvation, the compound of the earthworm deep pool that is about swamp eel body weight 1.5% or fish gruel, manufactured feed at dusk began to throw something and feed on the 4th day, behind the distant tame and docile food 1 credit 2d of the rotten chin or cheek of fish manufactured feed=9 chins or cheeks, 1 injustice, change and feed the fresh and alive small fish that rubs, screw meat etc., and constantly increase manufactured feed, make fresh fish and manufactured feed respectively account for 1/2 behind the 7d, finish until culturing;
4. aquaculture management
In time topdress according to the water quality girth of a garment, general per 30 ~ 40d topdresses each 900 ~ 1125 kg/hm 1 time
2Water transparence control is at 15 ~ 20cm, the water colour yellow green, the animality of in time throwing something and feeding and vegetal bait, the manufactured feed of also can throwing something and feeding, throw raise accomplish, fix a point, regularly, decide matter, quantitatively, day in the fingerling stage throwing amount of raising is 5% ~ 8% of fish body weight, the adult fish stage is about 5%, and water temperature is higher than 30 ℃ and should reduce when being lower than 10 ℃ and throw something and feed.Feed 1 time every day at dusk during beginning, and domestication later on changes into throwing daytime and raises, and the upper and lower noon respectively throws and raises 1 time, and high temperature season should be taken shading shed at the food platform; Bait feeding: loose and throw live spiral shell 100-200kg/ mu or the animal bait of manually throwing something and feeding, comprise low-value small fish, shrimp, livestock and poultry offal, pig blood, ox blood, or vegetal bait, comprise the complete granular material, beans, the wheat class, corn, Chinese sorghum, and green fodder, as melon, greengrocery, pasture and water, the life habit that season and river crab were hidden by day and come out at night when bait throwing in time should be according to fishing is carried out bait throwing in, throw something and feed every day twice, early respectively throw something and feed once for 8 and late 5, should be based on the dusk bait throwing in, the bait throwing on daytime is auxilliary, its, daily ration, feeding quantity should account for 70% of whole day daily ration, feeding quantity in night, account for 30% daytime, daily ration, feeding quantity is had enough with river crab and surplus residual bait degree of being, total bait throwing in principle be " two essence; middle blue or green; smart blue or green combination, meat and vegetables collocation " be the bait throwing in season in spring and autumn based on fine fodder, summer, bait throwing in was based on green fodder;
5. damage by disease and insect prevention and control.
At 7,8,9 three months; to use quicklime and disinfectant alternately once sterilizing to be carried out in pond and net cage in every 15-20 days; while per 15 days pharmaceutical chemistry of throwing something and feeding a time; the strict sterilization diseases prevention; guarantee swamp eel seedling healthy growth, the swamp eel adaptive capacity is very strong, as long as management is proper; avoid the mechanical damage of loach body, generally seldom morbidity.Should note prevention at ordinary times, often sterilize, do a good job of it the sterilization of fish body, pond sterilization, feed table sterilization, should in time pull out if find the swamp eel that dies of illness, with other swamp eels of protecting from infection, and treatment in time: (1) saprolegniasis: loach ovum control 1m
3Water is put the solution bathing 1h that salt 400g adds sodium bicarbonate 400g, and sick swamp eel can be embathed 5 ~ 10m in 3% saline solution, and heavy person can embathe 5 ~ 15m in only with water mold; Red fin fish disease: external application 1 bleaching powder is splashed; The salt water-bath wash disinfection of application 5% before seed is put in a suitable place to breed; Pharmaceutical chemistry for oral administration restrains bacterium with reaching, orfloxacin is made bait feeding; Parasitosis: available copper sulphate and mixture of ferrous sulfate are splashed or are splashed with crystal chlorophos.
Claims (4)
1. cage culture swamp eel method may further comprise the steps:
Build in the breed pond: culture the pond with east-west, aspect ratio is 3:2, area 2000-10000 m
2, the high 1.8m-2.0m in the ridge, pond, the water potential long-term stability is entered the perfect pond of pumping equipment at 1.4-1.5 m; Preceding 10 ~ the 15d in the pool under the swamp eel seedling, the sterilization of should cleaning up the pond is drained Chi Shui earlier, checks to have or not leak, cleans up the pond with quicklime then, during the depth of water 7 ~ 10cm of pond, with quicklime 1125 ~ 2250kg/hm
2If pond water can't drain, and cleans up the pond with bleaching powder, the back 7d that cleans up the pond injects new water, and the new water of injection will filter, and basal dressing after the water filling is cultivated water quality, and method is fertilizers such as chicken manure, pig manure on four jiaos of heaps in pond, consumption 2250 ~ 3000kg/hm
2, can put swamp eel in a suitable place to breed behind fertilising 5 ~ 7d;
The making of net cage and installation: net cage selects for use 3 * 2,3 * 4 polyethylene not have joint net sheet or pure white spun yarn not to be had joint net sheet and manufactures, cage size is 3 meters * 2 meters * 1.5 meters, 2 meters * 2 meters * 1.5 meters, net cage arranges the 1/3-1/2 that density is total water surface, 50-80 centimetre of net cage underwater penetration, freeboard are not less than 50 centimetres; Fixing timber and the iron wire of adopting of net cage, also can use bamboo pole, headline is tightened, and infraclass is loose, put and plant preceding 7-10 days, the water logging bubble makes its periphtic algae under the net cage, and friction is injured when avoiding the yellow eel cartonning, to transplant pasture and water such as water peanut, timothy in the eel case, its area coverage reaches about 90% of net cage area, with 2-3% salt or 10ppm bleaching powder pasture and water is carried out soaking disinfection before the pasture and water inlet, removes leech.
2. seed is put in a suitable place to breed: generally in the 9-10 month or the 3-4 month, breeding density is at 200-220 tail/case, select fine weather, according to each case yellow eel specification and survive situation, eel kind specification and density in the case are done suitable adjustment and additional, with copper sulphate or the sterilization of 4% ~ 5% saline solution, when water temperature 10 ~ 15 is spent, embathe 20 ~ 30m in before putting in a suitable place to breed; Tame and docile food: at each net cage two ends intensive water surface of pasture and water 2 feed tables are set, do not throw in any bait after the swamp eel cartonning in 3 d, make it be in starvation, the compound of the earthworm deep pool that is about swamp eel body weight 1.5% or fish gruel, manufactured feed at dusk began to throw something and feed on the 4th day, behind the distant tame and docile food 1 credit 2d of the rotten chin or cheek of fish manufactured feed=9 chins or cheeks, 1 injustice, change and feed the fresh and alive small fish that rubs, screw meat etc., and constantly increase manufactured feed, make fresh fish and manufactured feed respectively account for 1/2 behind the 7d, finish until culturing;
Aquaculture management: in time topdress according to the water quality girth of a garment, general per 30 ~ 40d topdresses each 900 ~ 1125 kg/hm 1 time
2Water transparence control is at 15 ~ 20cm, the water colour yellow green, the animality of in time throwing something and feeding and vegetal bait, the manufactured feed of also can throwing something and feeding, throw raise accomplish, fix a point, regularly, decide matter, quantitatively, day in the fingerling stage throwing amount of raising is 5% ~ 8% of fish body weight, the adult fish stage is about 5%, and water temperature is higher than 30 ℃ and should reduce when being lower than 10 ℃ and throw something and feed.
3. feed 1 time every day at dusk when beginning, and domestication later on changes into throwing daytime and raises, and the upper and lower noon respectively throws and raises 1 time, and high temperature season should be taken shading shed at the food platform; Bait feeding: loose and throw live spiral shell 100-200kg/ mu or the animal bait of manually throwing something and feeding, comprise low-value small fish, shrimp, livestock and poultry offal, pig blood, ox blood, or vegetal bait, comprise the complete granular material, beans, the wheat class, corn, Chinese sorghum, and green fodder, as melon, greengrocery, pasture and water, the life habit that season and river crab were hidden by day and come out at night when bait throwing in time should be according to fishing is carried out bait throwing in, throw something and feed every day twice, early respectively throw something and feed once for 8 and late 5, should be based on the dusk bait throwing in, the bait throwing on daytime is auxilliary, its, daily ration, feeding quantity should account for 70% of whole day daily ration, feeding quantity in night, account for 30% daytime, daily ration, feeding quantity is had enough with river crab and surplus residual bait degree of being, total bait throwing in principle be " two essence; middle blue or green; smart blue or green combination, meat and vegetables collocation " be the bait throwing in season in spring and autumn based on fine fodder, summer, bait throwing in was based on green fodder;
Damage by disease and insect prevention and control: at 7,8,9 three months; to use quicklime and disinfectant alternately once sterilizing to be carried out in pond and net cage in every 15-20 days; while per 15 days pharmaceutical chemistry of throwing something and feeding a time; the strict sterilization diseases prevention; guarantee swamp eel seedling healthy growth, the swamp eel adaptive capacity is very strong, as long as management is proper; avoid the mechanical damage of loach body, generally seldom morbidity.
4. should note prevention when flat, often sterilize, do a good job of it the sterilization of fish body, pond sterilization, feed table sterilization, should in time pull out if find the swamp eel that dies of illness, with other swamp eels of protecting from infection, and treatment in time: (1) saprolegniasis: loach ovum control 1m
3Water is put the solution bathing 1h that salt 400g adds sodium bicarbonate 400g, and sick swamp eel can be embathed 5 ~ 10m in 3% saline solution, and heavy person can embathe 5 ~ 15m in only with water mold; Red fin fish disease: external application 1 bleaching powder is splashed; The salt water-bath wash disinfection of application 5% before seed is put in a suitable place to breed; Pharmaceutical chemistry for oral administration restrains bacterium with reaching, orfloxacin is made bait feeding; Parasitosis: available copper sulphate and mixture of ferrous sulfate are splashed or are splashed with crystal chlorophos.
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