CN105875458B - A kind of tame and docile food method of wild long Qi Wen Minnow - Google Patents

A kind of tame and docile food method of wild long Qi Wen Minnow Download PDF

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CN105875458B
CN105875458B CN201610331225.4A CN201610331225A CN105875458B CN 105875458 B CN105875458 B CN 105875458B CN 201610331225 A CN201610331225 A CN 201610331225A CN 105875458 B CN105875458 B CN 105875458B
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feed
mixed
stage
food
long
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CN105875458A (en
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管敏
胡美宏
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Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute of China Three Gorges Corp
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00Culture of aquatic animals
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y02A40/818Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)
  • Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to rare Endemic fish cultural technique fields, more particularly, to the tame and docile food method of wild long Qi Wen Minnow a kind of.Including the hungry stage, the artificial food calling stage, the mixed feed stage is fed completely, wherein the artificial food calling stage includes two stages, first is that the biological feed stage is fed completely, the other is the artificial feeding attractant stage.The present invention successfully solves wild long Qi Wen Minnow and tames and dociles food difficult technical problem under the conditions of artificial breeding, and the large-scale cultivation for long Qi Wen Minnow parent population has established technical foundation, made it possible to realize that long Qi Wen Minnow biological control and scale release.

Description

A kind of tame and docile food method of wild long Qi Wen Minnow
Technical field
The invention belongs to rare Endemic fish cultural technique fields, more particularly, to the tame and docile food side of wild long Qi Wen Minnow a kind of Method.
Background technique
Long Qi Wen Minnow (Rhinogobio ventralis) is subordinate to Cyprinidae, Minnow subfamily, and it is small to be that the distinctive bottom of Upper Yangtze River is dwelt Type economic fish.Show that long Qi Wen Minnow accounts for upstream according to the statistics since Inst. of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences 1997 The 10% of fishery resources amount, however, in recent years due to by factors such as river pollution, hydraulic engineering construction and overfishings It influences, the wild resource of long Qi Wen Minnow sharply declines.
In recent years, domestic relevant aquatic products scientific research institutions strengthen domesticating and cultivating and artificial propagation techniques to long Qi Wen Minnow Research, tries hard to realize the in situ conservation to the species by establishing Artificial Population, to restore the Natural Population of long Qi Wen Minnow Resource.However, there are irritability to eat difficult skill with tame and docile by force during artificial domestication due to the specific life habit of long Qi Wen Minnow Art problem causes long Qi Wen Minnow's to raise and train that survival rate is lower, greatly limits long Qi Wen Minnow species conservation technology Research.
Currently, therefore needing to find out a kind of wild length to the rare report of research of the tame and docile food method of long Qi Wen Minnow both at home and abroad The tame and docile food method of Qi Wen Minnow, lures its mixed feed of ingesting in artificial environment into, and it is prominent that improves long Qi Wen Minnow, which raises and train survival rate, Its scale parent fish rearing technology is broken to lay the foundation.
Summary of the invention
Based on this, the present invention provides the tame and docile food method of wild long Qi Wen Minnow a kind of, in the natural environment according to long Qi Wen Minnow Eating habit, lure that long Qi Wen Minnow ingests mixed feed into using the oceans such as Yi razor clam, Coelomactra antiquata class mollusk, improve long fin kiss Minnow's raises and train survival rate, lays the foundation to break through its scale parent fish rearing technology.
Technical solution of the present invention are as follows:
A kind of tame and docile food method of wild long Qi Wen Minnow the method includes the hungry stage, the artificial food calling stage, is completely fed The mixed feed stage, wherein the artificial food calling stage includes two stages, first is that the biological feed stage is fed completely, it is another A is the artificial feeding attractant stage.
The Nature enemy stage refers to that wild long Qi Wen Minnow is being transported to cultivation place, with 0.5-2ppm methylene Behind salt soaking disinfection 2 ~ 3 hours of indigo plant+0.1%-0.3%, temporarily support in the aquaculture pond of diameter 3-6m, Nature enemy 5-7 days, temporarily During supporting, aquaculture pond flow velocity is maintained at 0.3-0.5m/s, and aquaculture pond bottom of pond is laid cobblestone, made partly above aquaculture pond of sunshade net Shading treatment.
Disinfection treatment is to prevent from causing saprolegniasis to break out due to fish body mechanical damage;Nature enemy is because fish is in hungry shape It is eaten under state convenient for taming and dociling;Aquaculture pond bottom of pond lays cobblestone, and half shading treatment is done with sunshade net in aquaculture pond top, is to reduce long fin kiss The stress reaction of Minnow.
Described feeds the biological feed stage completely, and: wild long Qi Wen Minnow Nature enemy 5-7 days starts to feed after processing Yi razor clam, Coelomactra antiquata, exploratory to feed 2-3 days, feeding volume 0.5%-1%, to be found its starts after ingesting, gradually increases and feed Feeding volume is gradually increased to 6%-8% according to the daily situation of ingesting of wild long Qi Wen Minnow by amount.
The oceans such as Yi razor clam, Coelomactra antiquata class biological feed is fed, is to prevent from feeding ich caused by fresh water bait Outburst;It feeds at the beginning, ingests few, feeding volume is also few, starts after ingesting, gradually increases feeding volume.
The processing method of the Yi razor clam, Coelomactra antiquata: chunky shape, size 0.2- will be chopped into after Yi razor clam, Xisi, famous beauty in the late Spring and Autumn Period's decladding 0.5cm is rinsed 1 time with clear water, is subsequently placed in 8 ~ 15 min of immersion in the allicin aqueous solution of 1%-2% and is started to feed.
The artificial feeding attractant stage: it when wild long Qi Wen Minnow, which can stablize, ingests Yi razor clam, Coelomactra antiquata, opens Beginning, which feeds, manually mixes food feed, and according to the situation of ingesting of wild long Qi Wen Minnow, feeding volume is gradually increased to 6%, and people by 0.5% The ratio that work mixes biological feed in food feed is gradually successively decreased by 80%, until being 0.
It gradually decreases and manually mixes biological feed in food feed, long Qi Wen Minnow is made to adapt to mixed feed completely.
The production method for manually mixing food feed, includes the following steps;
1) Yi razor clam, the Coelomactra antiquata after cleaning decladding are placed in meat grinder, muddy flesh is made;Fresh garlic is squeezed with juice extractor Juice, take garlic juice spare;
2) the step 1) garlic juice and muddy flesh are thoroughly mixed uniformly, garlic juice dosage is mixed feed matter The 0.5%-1% of amount obtains the Yi razor clam of mixing garlic juice, the muddy flesh of Coelomactra antiquata;
3) 0.8%-1.2% powdered chitosan is added in mixed feed, and is stirred evenly, and is sufficiently mixed chitosan with feed Uniformly, the mixed feed of mixing chitosan is obtained;
4) muddy flesh of the Yi razor clam of step 2 mixing garlic juice, Coelomactra antiquata is mixed into chitosan with the step 3) Mixed feed stirs evenly, and water is constantly added during stirring, so that it is uniformly mixed, according to situation mixing garlic juice of ingesting Yi razor clam, Coelomactra antiquata muddy flesh be gradually decreased to 0 by 1:1 with the ratio for the mixed feed for mixing chitosan;
5) it after the completion of stirring, manually mixes food feed and dries, the feed granules of condensation are pulverized into the particle of former mixed feed It is fed after form, now does existing feed.
Mixed feed refers to commercial diet.
It is described to feed the mixed feed stage completely: when the ratio for manually mixing biological feed in food feed fed is reduced to 0, Long Qi Wen Minnow can ingest mixed feed completely, add in mixed feed 1% powdered chitosan (immunopotentiator), and stir equal It is even, it is sufficiently mixed chitosan and feed uniformly, then, uniformly splash garlic juice and a small amount of water, dosage are mixed feed matter The 0.5%-1% of amount dries after stirring, and throws after the feed granules of condensation to be pulverized into the particle shape of former mixed feed Hello, it now does existing feed.Every morning, 8:00 and evening 18:00 were respectively fed once, and daily blowdown is primary.The invention has the advantages that:
1, the invention proposes a kind of tame and docile food method suitable for wild long Qi Wen Minnow, wild long Qi Wen Minnow is successfully solved Food difficult technical problem is tamed and dociled under the conditions of artificial breeding, the large-scale cultivation for long Qi Wen Minnow parent population has been established technical foundation, made Realize that long Qi Wen Minnow biological control and scale are released and be possibly realized.
2, the present invention is lured according to the eating habit of wild long Qi Wen Minnow using the oceans such as Yi razor clam, Coelomactra antiquata class mollusk So that long Qi Wen Minnow is ingested mixed feed, solves and easily lead to small melonworm disease using the wild long Qi Wen Minnow of limnobios bait food calling The problem of large-scale outbreak, significantly improve long Qi Wen Minnow raises and train survival rate.
3, present invention addition allicin and garlic juice during taming and dociling food can play food calling to wild long fin kiss Minnow and make With, and it can be prevented and break out enteritis, the success rate for taming and dociling food is substantially increased, shortens and tames and dociles the food time.
4, the present invention adds immunopotentiator during taming and dociling food --- and chitosan improves wild long Qi Wen Minnow and is taming and dociling food Immunity in the process improves the survival rate of wild long Qi Wen Minnow, shortens and tames and dociles the food time.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below with reference to embodiment, but the scope of protection of present invention is not limited to implement The range of example statement.
Embodiment 1
A kind of safety method of wild long Qi Wen Minnow long-distance transport, method and step includes the hungry stage, artificial food calling rank Section feeds the mixed feed stage completely.
(1) the Nature enemy stage
Wild long Qi Wen Minnow was being transported to cultivation place, with salt soaking disinfection 2 hours of 1ppm methylene blue+0.3% Afterwards, it temporarily supports in the aquaculture pond of diameter 3m, Nature enemy 7 days.During temporarily supporting, aquaculture pond flow velocity is maintained at 0.3m/s, aquaculture pond Bottom of pond lays cobblestone, and half shading treatment is done with sunshade net in aquaculture pond top.
(2) the artificial food calling stage
The artificial food calling stage includes two stages, first is that the biological feed stage is fed completely, the other is artificial food calling is matched Close the feed stage.
After wild long Qi Wen Minnow Nature enemy 7 days, it is dynamic to start to feed the oceans class softwares such as Yi razor clam after processing, Coelomactra antiquata Object, exploratory to feed 2-3 days, feeding volume 0.5% or so, to be found its starts after ingesting, and feeding volume is gradually increased, according to wild Long Qi Wen Minnow daily situation of ingesting, gradually increases to 6% for feeding volume.
The molluscan processing method of the oceans such as Yi razor clam, Coelomactra antiquata class: the oceans such as Yi razor clam, Coelomactra antiquata class mollusk is gone It is chopped into chunky shape after shell, size about 0.4cm is rinsed 1 time with clear water, is subsequently placed in 1% allicin aqueous solution and impregnates 10min After start to feed.
The artificial feeding attractant stage: when can to stablize the oceans such as Yi razor clam, Coelomactra antiquata class of ingesting soft by wild long Qi Wen Minnow When body animal, starts to feed and manually mix food feed, and according to the situation of ingesting of wild long Qi Wen Minnow, gradually by feeding volume by 0.5% 6% is increased to, and the ratio for manually mixing biological feed in food feed is gradually successively decreased by 80%, until being 0.
It manually mixes the production method of food feed: the Yi razor clam after decladding will be cleaned, the oceans class mollusk such as Coelomactra antiquata is placed in In meat grinder, muddy flesh is made;The juice that fresh garlic is squeezed with juice extractor takes garlic juice spare;By garlic juice and muddy flesh It is thoroughly mixed uniformly, garlic juice dosage is the 1% of mixed feed quality;1% powdered chitosan is added in mixed feed (to exempt from Epidemic disease reinforcing agent), and stir evenly, it is sufficiently mixed chitosan and feed uniformly;Yi razor clam, the Coelomactra antiquata etc. of garlic juice will be mixed Class molluscan muddy flesh in ocean is stirred evenly with the feed for mixing chitosan according to a certain percentage, and constantly addition is few during stirring The water of amount, so that it is uniformly mixed;After the completion of stirring, manually mixes food feed and dry, the feed granules of condensation are pulverized into first wife It is fed after closing the particle shape of feed, now does existing feed.
(3) the mixed feed stage is fed completely
When the ratio of biological feed is reduced to 0 in food feed for manually mixing of feeding, long Qi Wen Minnow can ingest cooperation completely Feed.1% powdered chitosan (immunopotentiator) is added in mixed feed, and is stirred evenly, and is sufficiently mixed chitosan with feed Uniformly, then, it uniformly splashes garlic juice and a small amount of water, dosage is the 1% of mixed feed quality, it is dried after stirring, It is fed after the feed granules of condensation to be pulverized into the particle shape of former mixed feed, now does existing feed.Every morning 8:00 and evening 18:00 is respectively fed once, and daily blowdown is primary.
The above embodiments are only the preferred technical solution of the present invention, and are not construed as limitation of the invention, this Shen Please in embodiment and embodiment in feature in the absence of conflict, can mutual any combination.Protection model of the invention The technical solution that should be recorded with claim is enclosed, the equivalent replacement side of technical characteristic in the technical solution recorded including claim Case is protection scope.Equivalent replacement i.e. within this range is improved, also within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of tame and docile food method of wild long Qi Wen Minnow, it is characterised in that: the method includes hungry stages, artificial food calling rank Section feeds the mixed feed stage completely, wherein the artificial food calling stage includes two stages, first is that feeding biological bait completely The material stage, the other is the artificial feeding attractant stage;Described feeds the biological feed stage completely: wild long Qi Wen Minnow is hungry Processing 5-7 days is starved, starts to feed Yi razor clam, Coelomactra antiquata biological feed after processing, exploratory to feed 2-3 days, feeding volume 0.5%- 1%, to be found its starts after ingesting, and gradually increases feeding volume, according to the daily situation of ingesting of wild long Qi Wen Minnow, will gradually throw The amount of feeding increases to 6%-8%.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by: the Nature enemy stage refer to that wild long Qi Wen Minnow exists After transport to cultivation place, after saline solution soaking disinfection 2 ~ 3 hours of 0.5-2ppm methylene blue and 0.1%-0.3%, temporarily support In the aquaculture pond of diameter 3-6m, Nature enemy 5-7 days, during temporarily supporting, aquaculture pond flow velocity was maintained at 0.3-0.5m/s, aquaculture pond Bottom of pond lays cobblestone, and half shading treatment is done with sunshade net in aquaculture pond top.
3. the method according to claim 1, wherein the processing method of the Yi razor clam, Coelomactra antiquata: by Yi razor clam, It is chopped into chunky shape after Xisi, famous beauty in the late Spring and Autumn Period's decladding, size 0.2-0.5cm is rinsed 1 time with clear water, is subsequently placed in the allicin aqueous solution of 1%-2% 8 ~ 15 min of middle immersion start to feed.
4. the method according to claim 1, wherein the artificial feeding attractant stage: when wild length When Qi Wen Minnow can stablize consumer organism bait Yi razor clam, Coelomactra antiquata, starts to feed and manually mix food feed, and kissed according to wild long fin Feeding volume is gradually increased to 6% by 0.5% by the situation of ingesting of Minnow, and manually mixes the ratio of biological feed in food feed by 80% gradually Successively decrease, until being 0.
5. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized by: the described production method for manually mixing food feed, including with Lower step;
1) Yi razor clam, the Coelomactra antiquata after cleaning decladding are placed in meat grinder, muddy flesh is made;The juice of fresh garlic is squeezed with juice extractor Liquid takes garlic juice spare;
2) the step 1) garlic juice and muddy flesh are thoroughly mixed uniformly, garlic juice dosage is mixed feed quality 0.5%-1% obtains the Yi razor clam of mixing garlic juice, the muddy flesh of Coelomactra antiquata;
3) 0.8%-1.2% powdered chitosan is added in mixed feed, and is stirred evenly, and is sufficiently mixed chitosan and feed It is even, obtain the mixed feed of mixing chitosan;
4) step 2 is mixed into the cooperation that the muddy flesh of the Yi razor clam of garlic juice, Coelomactra antiquata mixes with the step 3) chitosan Feed stirs evenly, and water is constantly added during stirring, so that it is uniformly mixed, according to the Yi for situation mixing garlic juice of ingesting Razor clam, Coelomactra antiquata muddy flesh be gradually decreased to 0 by 1:1 with the ratio for the mixed feed for mixing chitosan;
5) it after the completion of stirring, manually mixes food feed and dries, the feed granules of condensation are pulverized into the particle shape of former mixed feed After feed, now do existing feed.
6. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by: described feed the mixed feed stage completely: as the people fed When work mixes that the ratio of biological feed is reduced to 0 in food feed, long Qi Wen Minnow can ingest mixed feed completely, add in mixed feed 1% powdered chitosan, and stirring evenly is sufficiently mixed chitosan and feed uniformly, then, uniformly splashes and garlic juice and lacks Water is measured, dosage is the 0.5%-1% of mixed feed quality, dries after stirring, the feed granules of condensation are pulverized into original It is fed after the particle shape of mixed feed, now does existing feed;Every morning, 8:00 and evening 18:00 respectively fed once daily blowdown Once.
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CN107624683B (en) * 2017-09-21 2019-10-08 水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所 It is a kind of to improve wild C. guichenoti and long Qi Wen Minnow raises and train the effective ways of survival rate
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