CN108668958B - Artificial domestication method for migratory wild fishes in colony - Google Patents
Artificial domestication method for migratory wild fishes in colony Download PDFInfo
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- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 230000001617 migratory effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 241001275867 Schizothorax Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 241001275865 Schizothorax prenanti Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000252233 Cyprinus carpio Species 0.000 claims 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 6
- 241000876433 Acipenser dabryanus Species 0.000 description 5
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 241001137223 Crenichthys Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 4
- 241001275921 Gymnocypris przewalskii Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000252231 Cyprinus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000066295 Schizothorax wangchiachii Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001677838 Cyprinus carpio nudus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001275923 Gymnocypris Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000016023 Schizothorax biddulphi Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000132906 Tubificidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009345 mixed intercropping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003938 response to stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an artificial domestication method of colony migratory wild fishes, which comprises the following steps: carrying out mixed culture on the artificially domesticated predacious fishes and the temporarily domesticated wild fishes according to a certain quantity proportion in a domestication pond, observing the proportion of the opening ingestion of the wild fishes during the domestication period, and indicating that the domestication is finished when the proportion exceeds more than 90 percent, wherein the predacious fishes and the wild fishes to be domesticated are non-murder carnivorous fishes and have cluster migration behaviors, and the life habits of the predacious fishes are similar to or identical to that of the wild fishes to be domesticated and have similar specification and size; the invention leads the wild fishes to be domesticated to be rapidly fed with the artificial feed by adding the feeding fishes, thereby rapidly completing the artificial domestication with low mortality and short domestication period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of artificial breeding of rare special fishes, in particular to an artificial domestication method for cluster migration wild fishes.
Background
In recent years, the wild fish resource amount in Yangtze river basin is sharply reduced due to water quality pollution, large-scale hydraulic engineering construction, over-fishing and the like. According to the requirement of environmental protection, after a plurality of large-scale water conservancy projects are built, corresponding environmental protection measures need to be taken. At present, proliferation and releasing are one of important environmental protection measures, wherein most of the species of the proliferated and released fries have cluster migration behavior, and wild parents are difficult to domesticate. However, the completion of artificial domestication of wild fishes is the most basic technical link for achieving the purpose of propagation and releasing, and the amount of resources of certain species is sharply reduced, so that the rapid completion of artificial propagation is particularly important.
At present, aiming at the research of wild fish domestication methods, the domestication conditions of different wild fishes are generally researched and researched to find the optimal domestication conditions of different wild fishes, for example, a comparison document 1 (with a patent number of 'CN 201610467546.7') discloses a wild fish domestication method of schizothorax biddulphi, although the domesticated fishes can be obtained by the method, the domestication method is simple and has strong operability, but the whole domestication process needs more than one year, the domestication period is longer, and the death rate is relatively increased; a comparison document 2 (patent No. ZL 201510131698.5) discloses a method for domesticating torrential fishes by culturing 1-5-year-old first-generation acipenser dabryanus in a culture pond, adding torrential fishes to be domesticated, and culturing to perform mixed intercropping of the acipenser dabryanus and the torrential fishes. Although the method can reduce the stress response of the wild fish, prevent ichthyophthiriasis and improve the survival rate, a plurality of breeding and releasing stations do not have the culture conditions of the acipenser dabryanus, the raising of the acipenser dabryanus can cause the raising cost, the time of the whole raising process needs more than one year, the raising period is longer, and the death rate is relatively increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides an artificial domestication method for cluster migration wild fishes.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
the invention provides an artificial domestication method of colony migratory wild fishes, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, temporarily culturing wild fish to be domesticated and captured from the field;
step 2, preparing artificially domesticated predatory fishes which have the life habits similar or identical to those of the wild fishes to be domesticated, and adjusting the culture water temperature of the domesticated predatory fishes to be consistent with the water temperature of the temporarily domesticated wild fishes, wherein the predatory fishes and the wild fishes to be domesticated are non-fierce carnivorous fishes and have cluster migration behaviors;
step 3, polyculturing the fish led to eat and the wild fish after temporary culture in a domestication pond according to a certain quantity proportion, and feeding artificial feed every day;
and 4, observing the proportion of the open feeding of the wild fishes during the domestication period, and finishing the domestication when the proportion exceeds 90 percent.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides an artificial domestication method of colony migratory wild fishes, which does not need to have culture conditions of Acipenser dabryanus, and meanwhile, the artificially domesticated predatory fishes are used for rapidly opening the wild fishes and feeding artificial feed, so that the death rate can be effectively reduced, the artificial domestication can be rapidly completed, and the death rate is extremely low, wherein the predatory fishes similar to the wild fishes in life habits can be selected from multiple types and are easy to obtain. The method is simple and easy to operate and popularize, and is suitable for artificial domestication of most of colony migratory fishes. Therefore, the method has multiple advantages, is particularly suitable for popularization and application in the field, and has great scientific research significance.
Detailed Description
Example 1
In 2017, in a fish proliferation and releasing station of a valley hydropower station, the method disclosed by the invention is used for artificially domesticating wild spring water fish.
Firstly, the kind of the fish to be eaten is selected as the artificially domesticated lip
The life habit of the fish is similar to that of the spring fish; collecting wild spring water fish, sterilizing, selecting 75 scathed individuals with the total length of 180-380 mm, and temporarily culturing. The water quality conditions of temporary culture such as water temperature, pH and the like are not much different from the wild environment, wherein the water temperature is 16-19 ℃, the pH is 7.5-7.8, and the water flow DO is more than 7.0 mg/L. During temporary rearing, the domesticated animals will beThe water temperature for culturing the fish led to eat is adjusted to be consistent with that of the wild fish to be domesticated; after 5 days of temporary culture, artificial domestication is started: selecting and feeding fish lips
25 fishes, the total length of which is 180-380 mm, are polycultured with 75 wild spring fishes, and the sinking artificial feed is fed for 2 times every day, wherein the feeding proportion is 0.5-1% of the total weight of the fishes, and the artificial feed has strong sinking property and is easy to sink, so that the wild spring fishes to be domesticated can be fed conveniently.
After the method is used for domestication for 40 days, 68 fishes, namely 90.67 percent of wild spring fishes, begin to eat artificial feed, and the spring fishes do not die during domestication.
Example 2
In 2015, in a fish proliferation and releasing station of a pilgai hydropower station, the wild Gymnocypris przewalskii is artificially domesticated by the method disclosed by the invention.
Firstly, selecting the type of the predatory fish, namely the artificially domesticated schizothorax parvifilis, wherein the life habit of the predatory fish is similar to that of the Pan naked carp; collecting wild Gymnocypris paniculata, sterilizing, selecting intact individuals with total 124 tails and total length of 150-300 mm, and temporarily breeding. The water quality conditions of temporary culture such as water temperature, pH and the like are not much different from the wild environment, wherein the water temperature is 15-17 ℃, the pH is 7.3-7.8, and the water flow DO is more than 7.0 mg/L. During the temporary culture period, the culture water temperature of the domesticated predatory fishes is adjusted to be consistent with that of the wild fishes to be domesticated; after 3 days of temporary culture, artificial domestication is started: 40 fish of the neck-eating fish schizothorax prenanti with the total length of 150-300 mm are selected and polycultured with 124 wild cyprinus nipponensis, tubificidae is fed for 1 time every day, artificial feed is fed for 1 time, the feeding proportion is 0.5-1% of the total weight of the fish, and the artificial feed has strong settleability and is easy to settle, so that the wild cyprinus nipponensis to be domesticated can be fed conveniently.
After 30 days of domestication by the method, 112 tails of wild Gymnocypris przewalskii begin to eat artificial feed, and Gymnocypris przewalskii does not die during domestication.
Example 3
In 2012, in the fish proliferation and releasing station of the seawater power station, wild schizothorax prenanti was artificially domesticated by the method disclosed by the invention.
Firstly, selecting the species of predatory fish, namely the artificially domesticated schizothorax parvier, wherein the life habit of the predatory fish is similar to that of schizothorax parvier; collecting wild schizothorax prenanti, sterilizing, selecting total 145 fish with total length of 150-300 mm and no damage, and temporary rearing. The water quality conditions of temporary culture such as water temperature, pH and the like are not much different from the wild environment, wherein the water temperature is 16-18 ℃, the pH is 7.4-7.8, and the water flow DO is more than 7.0 mg/L. During the temporary culture period, the culture water temperature of the domesticated predatory fishes is adjusted to be consistent with that of the wild fishes to be domesticated; after the temporary rearing for 3 days, artificial domestication is started. 45 tails of the leading fish schizothorax parvifiliformis are selected, the total length of the leading fish schizothorax parviformis is 150-300 mm, the leading fish schizothorax parviformis and 145 wild schizothorax parviformis are cultured in a mixed mode, sinking artificial feed is fed for 2 times every day, the feeding proportion is 0.5-1% of the total weight of the fish, and the wild schizothorax parviformis to be domesticated is facilitated due to the fact that the artificial feed is high in sinking and easy to sink.
After the method is used for domestication for 20 days, 132 wild schizothorax prenanti (91.03%) begin to eat artificial feed, and 3 wild schizothorax prenanti (3) fish die in the domestication period.
Example 4
In 2012, in the fish proliferation and releasing station of the A seawater power station, wild schizothorax prenanti was artificially domesticated by the method disclosed by the invention. The fish as the food is the same as the wild fish to be domesticated.
Firstly, selecting the species of predatory fish, namely artificially domesticated schizothorax wangchiachii, which is the same as the wild schizothorax wangchiachii to be domesticated; collecting wild schizothorax prenanti, sterilizing, selecting non-injury individuals with 135 tails and a total length of 150-300 mm, and temporarily culturing. The water quality conditions of temporary culture such as water temperature, pH and the like are not much different from the wild environment, wherein the water temperature is 16-18 ℃, the pH is 7.4-7.8, and the water flow DO is more than 7.0 mg/L. During the temporary culture period, the culture water temperature of the domesticated predatory fishes is adjusted to be consistent with that of the wild fishes to be domesticated; after the temporary rearing for 3 days, artificial domestication is started. 45 tails of the lead fish schizothorax minor, with the total length of 150 mm-300 mm, are selected to be polycultured with 135 wild schizothorax minor, and the floating artificial feed is fed for 2 times every day, wherein the feeding proportion is 0.5-1% of the total weight of the fish, and the strong floating property of the artificial feed is convenient for the wild schizothorax minor to eat.
After 10 days of domestication by the method, 100 percent of wild schizothorax parvifiliformis begin to eat artificial feed, and the schizothorax parviformis does not die in the domestication period.
The above examples 1-4 are now summarized as follows, as in Table 1:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from table 1 above, the artificial domestication method for the cluster migration wild fishes provided in the embodiments of the present invention utilizes the artificially domesticated lead fishes to fast open the mouth and eat artificial feed, and has an extremely low mortality rate of 0 to 2%, a short domestication period of 10 to 40 days; the method comprises the following steps of selecting a plurality of types of the fish leading to diet similar to the wild fishes in life habits, obtaining the fish leading to diet easily, purchasing others or domesticating the fish leading to diet by a traditional method for the fish leading to diet for the first time in the embodiment, obtaining the domesticated fish leading to diet after the domestication of the wild fishes, and further domesticating the wild fishes as the types of the fish leading to diet, wherein the steps are repeated. The method is simple and easy to operate and popularize, and is suitable for artificial domestication of most of colony migratory fishes. Therefore, the method has multiple advantages, is particularly suitable for popularization and application in the field, and has great scientific research significance.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (1)
1. An artificial domestication method of colony migratory wild fishes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, temporarily culturing wild fishes to be domesticated and captured from the field;
step 2, preparing artificially domesticated predatory fishes which have the same or similar life habits with the wild fishes to be domesticated, and adjusting the culture water temperature of the domesticated predatory fishes to be consistent with the water temperature of temporarily domesticated wild fishes, wherein the predatory fishes and the wild fishes to be domesticated are non-fierce carnivorous fishes and have cluster migration behaviors, and the predatory fishes and the wild fishes to be domesticated have the similar specifications;
step 3, mixing the predatory fishes and the temporarily cultured wild fishes according to the quantitative proportion of 1: 2-4, performing mixed culture, and feeding artificial feed every day;
step 4, observing the proportion of the starter ingestion of the wild fishes during the domestication period, and finishing the domestication when the proportion exceeds 90 percent, which indicates that the domestication is finished;
the wild fishes to be domesticated are wild spring water fishes, wild cyprinus carpio and wild schizothorax parvifiliformis, and the feeding fishes are respectively lip, schizothorax parviformis and schizothorax parvitus which have similar or identical life habits and are artificially domesticated;
wherein the length of the wild spring fish and the artificially domesticated lip is 180 mm-380 mm, the temporary culture water temperature is 16-19 ℃, the pH value is 7.5-7.8, and the water flow DO is more than 7.0 mg/L; the length of the wild naked cyprinus carpio and the artificially domesticated schizothorax prenanti is 150-300 mm, the temporary rearing water temperature is 15-17 ℃, the pH value is 7.3-7.8, and the water flow DO is more than 7.0 mg/L; the length of the wild schizothorax prenanti and the artificially domesticated schizothorax prenanti is 150 mm-300 mm, the temporary rearing water temperature is 16-18 ℃, the pH value is 7.4-7.8, and the water flow DO is more than 7.0 mg/L;
in the step 1, after wild fishes are captured from the field, sterilizing, selecting individuals without damage to the body surface, temporarily culturing for 2-5 days, and feeding no bait during temporary culture;
in the step 3, feeding the artificial feed for 2-3 times every day, wherein the feeding proportion is 0.5-1% of the total weight of the fishes;
in the step 3, the sinking and floating property of the artificial feed is adjusted according to the living water layer of the wild fish to be domesticated, so that the wild fish to be domesticated can conveniently eat the feed.
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| CN110731280A (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2020-01-31 | 武汉中科瑞华生态科技股份有限公司 | Artificial propagation method for Glyptosternum tergitum |
| CN116158379A (en) * | 2022-12-20 | 2023-05-26 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院水产科学研究所 | Artificial domestication method for wild schizothorax prenanti |
| CN116369250B (en) * | 2023-03-16 | 2023-12-12 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司中华鲟研究所 | Acipenser dabryanus feeding training method |
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