CN109804951B - Artificial crossbreeding method for large-body mackerel and camel-back bass - Google Patents
Artificial crossbreeding method for large-body mackerel and camel-back bass Download PDFInfo
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
The invention provides an artificial crossbreeding method of a large-body mackerel and a humpback bass, which comprises the following steps: (1) parent selection, (2) cage culture of parent fish of the humpback bass, (3) pond culture of parent fish of the blue grouper, (4) judgment of sexual maturity of the parent fish, (5) artificial fertilization, and (6) incubation of fertilized eggs. According to the invention, the camel-backed bass is selected as a female parent and the large-body mackerel is selected as a male parent, and the two parents are cultivated in different modes, so that the synchronous maturation of the gonads of the female parent and the male parent is achieved, high-quality sperms and ova are obtained, the fertilization rate and the hatching rate are improved, and finally the golden rat mackerel with the characteristics of the two parents is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to an artificial crossbreeding method of a blue grouper and a humpback bass.
Background
Epinephelus mazewalskii (common name: Epinephelus tukuula, Epinephelus nigricans) is a fish of genus Epinephelus of family Serratidae of order Perciformes of class Aphididae, is only second to Epinephelus lanceolatus in body type, grows faster, and is a species of Epinephelus malabaricus with great future culture. Is distributed in western Pacific region of India, from red sea, east Africa to Queensland sea region of Australia, has a perching depth of 10-150 m, a body length of 200 cm and a weight of 110 kg, and is a world-famous and precious warm water-borne fish.
Bactria lattussimus (Cromileptes altivelis), belonging to the order Perciformes, the family Sermonidae and the genus Bactria, is tropical seawater reef fish, and has distribution in the main areas of India ocean, African coastal ocean and Western pacific, south China sea, Taiwan strait and hong Kong sea.
The new species golden mouse spot can be obtained by hybridizing the male parent of the blue-body large-spot rockfish and the female parent of the humpback bass, the golden mouse spot is similar to the humpback bass in appearance, and the body surface spot is larger than the humpback bass.
At present, the related research on the artificial crossbreeding technology of the golden mouse spot is less, and the inventor finds the following problems in the process of researching the artificial crossbreeding of the golden mouse spot: the gonads of the parent fishes hardly grow rapidly due to insufficient nutrition, excessive nutrition causes excessive fat to be accumulated in the parent fishes, and poor control of culture conditions can cause mass death, low fertilization rate, low hatching rate and the like of the parent fishes; the sexual gland mature time of the male and female parent fish is different, so that the sperms and the ova can not be collected at the same time, the collected sperms or ova need to be stored for a period of time, and the artificial insemination can be carried out after the sperms or the ova of the other parent fish are collected, so that the whole time of cross breeding is prolonged, and the fertility rate and the hatchability are influenced because the activity of the sperms or the ova is reduced in the storage process.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an artificial crossbreeding method of the large-body mackerel and the camel-back bass.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an artificial crossbreeding method of blue grouper and humpback bass comprises the following steps:
(1) parental selection
a. Female parent: selecting healthy Lateolabrax japonicus with age more than 5 as female parent;
b. male parent: selecting healthy Epinephelus Lanceolatus with the age of more than 7 and the weight of 20-40 kg as a male parent;
(2) net cage cultivation of parent fish of humpback bass
a. And (3) cultivating environment: selecting a sea area with the annual minimum water temperature not lower than 19 ℃, the seawater salinity of 28-35, the water flow speed of 0.5-0.9 m/s and the water depth of 5-10 m for cage culture of parent fish; culturing at a density of 200-400 tails/box;
b. cultivation in non-breeding seasons
Feeding the feed for 1 time every day, wherein the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-13 parts of small squid, 15-18 parts of earthworm, 5-10 parts of peanut meal, 8-15 parts of soybean meal, 15-20 parts of silkworm chrysalis meal and 12-25 parts of pagodatree leaf, wherein the feeding amount of the feed is 1.0-2.0% of the weight of the fish body;
c. intensive cultivation before propagation
Feeding the feed for 1 time every day, wherein the feed is divided into two types, the first type is 5-10 parts of mackerel, 10-12 parts of phellodendron, 2-5 parts of bran, 5-10 parts of corn protein powder, 6-9 parts of taurine and 0.2-0.3 part of beer yeast powder, the second type is artificial soft pellet feed which contains 4-8 parts of seaweed powder, 0.2-0.8 part of perilla seed extract and 6-8 parts of fish paste, and after mixing, 1-2 g of vitamin E is added to each kilogram of feed to prepare soft pellet feed; the feed feeding amount is 2.0-3.0% of the weight of the fish body;
(3) pond culture of parent fish of Epinephelus lanciformis
a. Cultivation environment
The pond area for cultivating the parents is 2-4 mu, the water depth is 3-4 m, the cultivation density is 60-75 tails per mu, and the male-female ratio is 1: (2-3);
b. cultivation in non-breeding seasons
Taking the natural water temperature of an open pond in a tropical area for parent fish cultivation; changing water for 1 time every 3-4 days, wherein the water changing amount is 30-50% of the water amount of the pond, and the transparency of the water body is kept at 35-50 cm; the feed type is frozen decapterus maruadsi or mackerel, the feed is fed for 1 time every 3 days, and the feeding amount of each time is 3.5-4.0% of the weight of parent fish;
c. intensive cultivation before propagation
Changing water for 1 time every 3-5 days, wherein the water changing amount is 30-40% of the water amount of the pond, and the transparency of the water body is kept above 50 cm; in tropical areas, intensive cultivation of parent fishes is carried out from 11 months to 3 months, natural water temperature is taken, the pond water temperature is 27-28 ℃ in 11 months, the water temperature gradually drops, the water temperature is 18-20 ℃ in 1 month, and the water temperature rises to 23-26 ℃ in 3 months; the feed is divided into three types, wherein the first type is 12-15 parts of squid, 1-2 parts of oyster and 0.3-0.5 part of garlicin, the second type is artificial soft pellet feed which contains 7-8 parts of eel meal and 3-5 parts of fish paste, 2-3 g of vitamin C, 3-5 g of vitamin E, 0.05-0.1 g of choline chloride and 2-8 g of sargassum powder are added into each kilogram of the feed after mixing to prepare soft pellets for feeding, and the third type is 5-10 parts of common mackerel, 1-2 parts of pine needle powder, 0.2-0.6 part of vitamin A and 0.5-0.8 part of medlar powder; feeding the feed for 1 time every three days, wherein the feeding amount of each time is 2.0-3.0% of the weight of the parent fish, and the feeding time is carried out in the morning;
(4) judgment of parent fish sexual maturity
a. Carrying out maturity check on female parent fish every week; the abdomen is raised in appearance, and the genital pore is reddish, so that the sexual maturity can be preliminarily judged;
b. carrying out maturity check on male parent fish every week; the genital pore is reddish, the abdomen is lightly pressed, and milky semen can be extruded out, so that sexual maturity is achieved;
(5) artificial insemination
Respectively collecting female ostrich bass ovum and male blue grouper semen; adding clean seawater into a basin containing the eggs, adding water while stirring gently, wherein the water adding amount is the same as the sperm amount, simultaneously adding 1-1.5 mL of the sperm per kilogram of the eggs into the basin, uniformly mixing, standing for 3-4 min, and flushing fertilized eggs with seawater for 3-5 times;
(6) hatching of fertilized eggs
Putting the fertilized eggs treated in the step (5) into an incubation barrel for incubation, wherein incubation conditions of the fertilized eggs are that dissolved oxygen in water is 5-8 mg/L, water temperature is 23-35 ℃, salinity is 26-33, pH is 6.8-8.5, incubation density is 250-300 ten thousand fertilized eggs/m3And after dead eggs or unfertilized eggs are removed, water is changed once every 2-3 hours, and the water change amount is 30-50% of the volume of the hatching barrel each time.
Preferably, all feeds are made into blocks or pellets, the size of each feed block is determined according to the size of mouth cracks of parent fishes, the block feed suitable for parent fishes of the humpback bass is 5-8 cm long and 2-3 cm wide, the diameter of each pellet feed is 2-3 cm, the block feed suitable for parent fishes of the blue grouper groupers is 10-12 cm long and 5-6 cm wide, and the diameter of each pellet feed is 5-6 cm.
Preferably, in the step (2) b, the first feed is fed at the water temperature of 20-23 ℃, and the second feed is fed at the water temperature of more than 23 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (3) c, the first feed is fed at the water temperature of 18-20 ℃, the second feed is fed at the water temperature of 21-23 ℃, and the third feed is fed at the water temperature of 24-28 ℃.
Preferably, step (6) is: putting the fertilized eggs treated in the step (5) into an incubation barrel for incubation, wherein the incubation conditions of the fertilized eggs are that the dissolved oxygen in water is 6mg/L, the water temperature is 25-28 ℃, the salinity is 28-30, the pH is 7.2-7.5, and the incubation density is 250-300 ten thousand fertilized eggs/m3And after dead eggs or unfertilized eggs are removed, water is changed once every 2 hours, and the water change amount is 50 percent of the volume of the hatching barrel each time.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the golden mouse spot is a new species with good breeding prospect, and the batched golden mouse spot fries obtained by the invention are used for breeding production.
2. In the invention, the strengthening cultivation stage is particularly important, the gonads of the parent fishes are difficult to develop rapidly due to insufficient nutrition, excessive fat is accumulated in the parent fishes due to excessive nutrition, and the difficulty of artificial insemination is increased due to asynchronous gonad maturation periods of the male and female parents. By reasonably adjusting the reinforced cultivation stage, high-quality sperms and ova can be obtained, and the subsequent high fertilization rate and hatching rate are facilitated.
3. The invention also optimizes each stage of artificial propagation, the fertility rate after the cultivation by the method reaches 95 percent, the larval fish can be hatched for 24-26 hours, and the hatchability reaches more than 92 percent.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, the advantages and features of which will become clearer from the following description, but the scope of protection of the invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
An artificial crossbreeding method of blue grouper and humpback bass comprises the following steps:
(1) parental selection
a. Female parent: selecting healthy Lateolabrax japonicus with age more than 5 as female parent;
b. male parent: selecting healthy Epinephelus Lanceolatus with the age of more than 7 and the weight of 20-40 kg as a male parent;
(2) net cage cultivation of parent fish of humpback bass
a. And (3) cultivating environment: selecting a sea area with the annual minimum water temperature not lower than 19 ℃, the seawater salinity of 28-30, the water flow speed of 0.5-0.9 m/s and the water depth of 5-10 m for cage culture of parent fish; cultivating at a density of 200 tails/box;
b. cultivation in non-breeding seasons
Feeding the feed for 1 time every day, wherein the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of small squid, 15 parts of earthworm, 5 parts of peanut meal, 8 parts of bean pulp, 15 parts of silkworm chrysalis meal and 12 parts of pagoda tree leaves, wherein the feeding amount of the feed is 1.0-2.0% of the weight of the fish body;
c. intensive cultivation before propagation
Feeding the feed for 1 time every day, wherein the feed is divided into two types, the first type is pneumatophorus japonicus 5 parts, phellodendron bark 10 parts, bran 2 parts, corn protein powder 5 parts, taurine 6 parts and beer yeast powder 0.2 parts, the second type is artificial soft pellet feed which contains 4 parts of seaweed powder, 0.2 part of perilla seed extract and 6 parts of fish paste, and after mixing, adding 1g of vitamin E to each kilogram of feed to prepare soft pellets for feeding; changing one feed every time of feeding, wherein the feeding amount of the feed is 2.0-3.0% of the weight of the fish body;
(3) pond culture of parent fish of Epinephelus lanciformis
a. Cultivation environment
The pond area for cultivating the parents is 2 mu, the water depth is 3-4 m, the cultivation density is 60 tails per mu, and the male-female ratio is 1: 2;
b. cultivation in non-breeding seasons
Taking the natural water temperature of an open pond in a tropical area for parent fish cultivation; changing water for 1 time every 3 days, wherein the water changing amount is 30% of the water amount of the pond, and the transparency of the water body is kept at 35-50 cm; the feed type is frozen decapterus maruadsi, the feed is fed for 1 time every 3 days, and the feeding amount of each time is 3.5-4.0% of the weight of parent fish;
c. intensive cultivation before propagation
Changing water 1 time every 3 days, wherein the water changing amount is 30% of the pond water amount, and the transparency of the water body is kept above 50 cm; in tropical areas, intensive cultivation of parent fishes is carried out from 11 months to 3 months, natural water temperature is taken, the pond water temperature is 27-28 ℃ in 11 months, the water temperature gradually drops, the water temperature is 18-20 ℃ in 1 month, and the water temperature rises to 23-26 ℃ in 3 months; the feed is divided into three types, the first type is 12 parts of squid, 1 part of oyster and 0.3 part of garlicin, the second type is artificial soft pellet feed which contains 7 parts of eel meal and 3 parts of fish paste, 2 g of vitamin C, 3 g of vitamin E, 0.05 g of choline chloride and 2 g of sargassum powder are added into each kilogram of feed after mixing to prepare soft pellets for feeding, and the third type is 5 parts of mackerel, 1-2 parts of pine needle powder, 0.2 part of vitamin A and 0.5 part of medlar powder; feeding the feed for 1 time every three days (changing one feed every time), wherein the feeding amount of each time is 2.0-3.0% of the weight of the parent fish, and the feeding time is carried out in the morning;
(4) judgment of parent fish sexual maturity
a. Carrying out maturity check on female parent fish every week; the abdomen is raised in appearance, and the genital pore is reddish, so that the sexual maturity can be preliminarily judged;
b. carrying out maturity check on male parent fish every week; the genital pore is reddish, the abdomen is lightly pressed, and milky semen can be extruded out, so that sexual maturity is achieved;
(5) artificial insemination
Respectively collecting female ostrich bass ovum and male blue grouper semen; adding clean seawater into a basin containing the eggs, adding water while stirring gently, wherein the water adding amount is the same as the sperm amount, simultaneously adding 1mL of the sperm per kilogram of the eggs into the basin, uniformly mixing, standing for 3-4 min, and flushing the fertilized eggs with seawater for 3-5 times;
(6) hatching of fertilized eggs
Putting the fertilized eggs treated in the step (5) into an incubation barrel for incubation, wherein incubation conditions of the fertilized eggs are that dissolved oxygen in water is 5-8 mg/L, water temperature is 23-28 ℃, salinity is 26-28, pH is 6.8-7.2, incubation density is 250 ten thousand fertilized eggs/m3And after dead eggs or unfertilized eggs are removed, water is changed once every 3 hours, and the water change amount is 30 percent of the volume of the hatching barrel each time.
The feed blocks are determined according to the size of mouth cracks of parent fishes, the length of the feed blocks suitable for parent fishes of the camel-backed bass is 5-8 cm, the width of the feed blocks is 2-3 cm, the diameter of the pellet feed is 2-3 cm, the length of the feed blocks suitable for parent fishes of the blue groupers is 10-12 cm, the width of the feed blocks is 5-6 cm, and the diameter of the pellet feed is 5-6 cm.
Example 2
An artificial crossbreeding method of blue grouper and humpback bass comprises the following steps:
(1) parental selection
a. Female parent: selecting healthy Lateolabrax japonicus with age more than 5 as female parent;
b. male parent: selecting healthy Epinephelus Lanceolatus with the age of more than 7 and the weight of 20-40 kg as a male parent;
(2) net cage cultivation of parent fish of humpback bass
a. And (3) cultivating environment: selecting a sea area with the annual minimum water temperature not lower than 19 ℃, the seawater salinity of 30-35, the water flow speed of 0.5-0.9 m/s and the water depth of 5-10 m for cage culture of parent fish; cultivating at density of 300 tails/box;
b. cultivation in non-breeding seasons
Feeding the feed for 1 time every day, wherein the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 13 parts of small squid, 18 parts of earthworm, 10 parts of peanut meal, 15 parts of bean pulp, 20 parts of silkworm chrysalis meal and 25 parts of pagoda tree leaves, wherein the feeding amount of the feed is 1.0-2.0% of the weight of the fish body;
c. intensive cultivation before propagation
Feeding the feed for 1 time every day, wherein the feed is divided into two types, the first type is 10 parts of mackerel, 12 parts of phellodendron, 5 parts of bran, 10 parts of corn protein powder, 9 parts of taurine and 0.3 part of beer yeast powder, the second type is artificial soft pellet feed which contains 8 parts of seaweed powder, 0.8 part of perilla seed extract and 8 parts of fish paste, and after mixing, 2 g of vitamin E is added to each kilogram of the feed to prepare soft pellets for feeding; changing one feed every time, wherein the feed feeding amount is 2.0-3.0% of the weight of the fish body;
(3) pond culture of parent fish of Epinephelus lanciformis
a. Cultivation environment
The pond area for cultivating the parents is 2-4 mu, the water depth is 3-4 m, the cultivation density is 75/mu, and the male-female ratio is 1: 3;
b. cultivation in non-breeding seasons
Taking the natural water temperature of an open pond in a tropical area for parent fish cultivation; changing water for 1 time every 4 days, wherein the water changing amount is 50% of the pond water amount, and the transparency of the water body is kept at 35-50 cm; the feed type is frozen decapterus maruadsi or mackerel, the feed is fed for 1 time every 3 days, and the feeding amount of each time is 3.5-4.0% of the weight of parent fish;
c. intensive cultivation before propagation
Changing water 1 time every 5 days, wherein the water changing amount is 40 percent of the water amount of the pond, and the transparency of the water body is kept above 50 cm; in tropical areas, intensive cultivation of parent fishes is carried out from 11 months to 3 months, natural water temperature is taken, the pond water temperature is 27-28 ℃ in 11 months, the water temperature gradually drops, the water temperature is 18-20 ℃ in 1 month, and the water temperature rises to 23-26 ℃ in 3 months; the feed is divided into three types, wherein the first type is 15 parts of squid, 2 parts of oyster and 0.5 part of garlicin, the second type is artificial soft pellet feed which contains 8 parts of eel meal and 5 parts of fish paste, 3 g of vitamin C, 5 g of vitamin E, 0.1g of choline chloride and 8g of sargassum powder are added into each kilogram of feed after mixing to prepare soft pellets for feeding, and the third type is 10 parts of mackerel, 2 parts of pine needle powder, 0.6 part of vitamin A and 0.8 part of medlar powder; feeding the feed for 1 time every three days, changing one feed for every time, wherein the feeding amount of each feed is 2.0-3.0% of the weight of the parent fish, and feeding is carried out in the morning;
(4) judgment of parent fish sexual maturity
a. Carrying out maturity check on female parent fish every week; the abdomen is raised in appearance, and the genital pore is reddish, so that the sexual maturity can be preliminarily judged;
b. carrying out maturity check on male parent fish every week; the genital pore is reddish, the abdomen is lightly pressed, and milky semen can be extruded out, so that sexual maturity is achieved;
(5) artificial insemination
Respectively collecting female ostrich bass ovum and male blue grouper semen; adding clean seawater into a basin containing the ova, adding water while stirring gently, wherein the water adding amount is the same as the sperm amount, simultaneously adding 1.5mL of sperm per kilogram of ova into the sperm of the Epinephelus lanciformis, uniformly mixing, standing for 3-4 min, and flushing fertilized ova with seawater for 3-5 times;
(6) hatching of fertilized eggs
Putting the fertilized eggs treated in the step (5) into an incubation barrel for incubation, wherein the incubation conditions of the fertilized eggs areThe dissolved oxygen in water is 5-8 mg/L, the water temperature is 30-35 ℃, the salinity is 30-33, the pH value is 7.6-8.5, and the hatching density is 300 ten thousand fertilized eggs/m3And after dead eggs or unfertilized eggs are removed, water is changed once every 3 hours, and the water change amount is 30-50% of the volume of the hatching barrel each time.
The feed blocks are determined according to the size of mouth cracks of parent fishes, the length of the feed blocks suitable for parent fishes of the camel-backed bass is 5-8 cm, the width of the feed blocks is 2-3 cm, the diameter of the pellet feed is 2-3 cm, the length of the feed blocks suitable for parent fishes of the blue groupers is 10-12 cm, the width of the feed blocks is 5-6 cm, and the diameter of the pellet feed is 5-6 cm.
Example 3
The difference between example 3 and example 2 is:
in the step (2) b, the first feed is fed when the water temperature is 20-23 ℃, and the second feed is fed when the water temperature is higher than 23 ℃.
In the step (3) c, the first feed is fed at the water temperature of 18-20 ℃, the second feed is fed at the water temperature of 21-23 ℃, and the third feed is fed at the water temperature of 24-28 ℃.
Example 4
The difference between example 4 and example 3 is:
the step (6) is as follows: putting the fertilized eggs treated in the step (5) into an incubation barrel for incubation, wherein the incubation conditions of the fertilized eggs are that the dissolved oxygen in water is 6mg/L, the water temperature is 25-28 ℃, the salinity is 28-30, the pH is 7.2-7.5, and the incubation density is 300 ten thousand fertilized eggs/m3And after dead eggs or unfertilized eggs are removed, water is changed once every 2 hours, and the water change amount is 50 percent of the volume of the hatching barrel each time.
Comparative example 1
The main differences between comparative example 1 and example 1 are:
the step (2) b is as follows:
feeding the feed for 1 time every day, wherein the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of small squid, 12 parts of earthworm, 10 parts of carrot, 8 parts of soybean meal, 15 parts of silkworm chrysalis meal and 25 parts of pagoda tree leaf, wherein the feeding amount is 1.0-2.0% of the weight of the fish body;
the step (2) c is as follows:
feeding the feed for 1 time every day, wherein the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of mackerel, 10 parts of bran, 3 parts of golden cypress, 5 parts of soybean meal, 6 parts of egg yolk and 5 parts of honey, wherein the feeding amount is 3.5-4.0% of the weight of the fish body;
comparative example 2:
the main differences between comparative example 2 and example 1 are:
the step (3) b is as follows:
taking the natural water temperature of an open pond in a tropical area for parent fish cultivation; changing water for 1 time every three days, wherein the water changing amount is 25% of the water depth and the water amount of the pond, and the transparency of the water body is kept at 35-45 cm;
the feed type is frozen decapterus maruadsi, the decapterus maruadsi is cut into small pieces with proper caliber, the feed is fed for 1 time every two days, and the feeding amount of each time is 2.5-3.0% of the weight of the parent fish;
the step (3) c is as follows:
changing water for 1 time every 5 days, wherein the water changing amount is 25-30% of the water amount of the pond, and the transparency of the water body is kept above 50 cm; in tropical areas, intensive cultivation of parent fishes is carried out from 11 months to 3 months, natural water temperature is taken, the pond water temperature is 27-28 ℃ in 11 months, the water temperature gradually drops, the water temperature is 18-20 ℃ in 1 month, and the water temperature rises to 23-24 ℃ in 3 months; the feed is divided into three types, the first type is 5 parts of squid and 1 part of oyster, the second type is artificial soft pellet feed which contains 4 parts of eel meal and 6 parts of fish paste, 3 g of vitamin C and 3 g of vitamin E are added to each kilogram of feed after mixing to prepare soft pellets for feeding, the third type is pneumatophorus japonicus, the three types of feed are alternately used, 1 feeding is carried out every three days, one type is sequentially changed every feeding, the feeding amount is 2.0-3.0% of the weight of the parent fish every feeding, and the feeding time is carried out in the morning.
Test example 1:
the fertilization rate and the hatching rate of the above examples and comparative examples were measured, respectively. The results are shown in the following table.
According to experimental results, the spawning amount of the parent fish is higher than that of the parent fish by adopting the method, the fertility rate reaches 95%, the hatching rate of the fertilized eggs reaches 92%, and the fertility rate and the hatching rate are obviously improved compared with the comparative example.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. An artificial crossbreeding method of a large-body mackerel and a humpback bass is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) parental selection
a. Female parent: selecting healthy Lateolabrax japonicus with age more than 5 as female parent;
b. male parent: selecting healthy Epinephelus Lanceolatus with the age of more than 7 and the weight of 20-40 kg as a male parent;
(2) net cage cultivation of parent fish of humpback bass
a. And (3) cultivating environment: selecting a sea area with the annual minimum water temperature not lower than 19 ℃, the seawater salinity of 28-35, the water flow speed of 0.5-0.9 m/s and the water depth of 5-10 m for cage culture of parent fish; culturing at a density of 200-300 tails/box;
b. cultivation in non-breeding seasons
Feeding the feed for 1 time every day, wherein the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-13 parts of small squid, 15-18 parts of earthworm, 5-10 parts of peanut meal, 8-15 parts of soybean meal, 15-20 parts of silkworm chrysalis meal and 12-25 parts of pagodatree leaf, wherein the feeding amount of the feed is 1.0-2.0% of the weight of the fish body;
c. intensive cultivation before propagation
Feeding the feed for 1 time every day, wherein the feed is divided into two types, the first type is 5-10 parts of mackerel, 10-12 parts of phellodendron, 2-5 parts of bran, 5-10 parts of corn protein powder, 6-9 parts of taurine and 0.2-0.3 part of beer yeast powder, the second type is artificial soft pellet feed which contains 4-8 parts of seaweed powder, 0.2-0.8 part of perilla seed extract and 6-8 parts of fish paste, and after mixing, each kilogram of the feed is added with 1-2 g of vitamin E to prepare soft pellets for feeding; the feed feeding amount is 2.0-3.0% of the weight of the fish body;
feeding the first feed at the water temperature of 20-23 ℃, and feeding the second feed at the water temperature of more than 23 ℃;
(3) pond culture of parent fish of Epinephelus lanciformis
a. Cultivation environment
The pond area for cultivating the parents is 2-4 mu, the water depth is 3-4 m, the cultivation density is 60-75 tails per mu, and the male-female ratio is 1: (2-3);
b. cultivation in non-breeding seasons
Taking the natural water temperature of an open pond in a tropical area for parent fish cultivation; changing water for 1 time every 3-4 days, wherein the water changing amount is 30-50% of the water amount of the pond, and the transparency of the water body is kept at 35-50 cm; the feed type is frozen decapterus maruadsi or mackerel, the feed is fed for 1 time every 3 days, and the feeding amount of each time is 3.5-4.0% of the weight of parent fish;
c. intensive cultivation before propagation
Changing water for 1 time every 3-5 days, wherein the water changing amount is 30-40% of the water amount of the pond, and the transparency of the water body is kept above 50 cm; in tropical areas, intensive cultivation of parent fishes is carried out from 11 months to 3 months, natural water temperature is taken, the pond water temperature is 27-28 ℃ in 11 months, the water temperature gradually drops, the water temperature is 18-20 ℃ in 1 month, and the water temperature rises to 23-26 ℃ in 3 months; the feed is divided into three types, wherein the first type is 12-15 parts of squid, 1-2 parts of oyster and 0.3-0.5 part of garlicin, the second type is artificial soft pellet feed which contains 7-8 parts of eel meal and 3-5 parts of fish paste, 2-3 g of vitamin C, 3-5 g of vitamin E, 0.05-0.1 g of choline chloride and 2-8 g of sargassum powder are added into each kilogram of the feed after mixing to prepare soft pellets for feeding, and the third type is 5-10 parts of common mackerel, 1-2 parts of pine needle powder, 0.2-0.6 part of vitamin A and 0.5-0.8 part of medlar powder; feeding the feed for 1 time every three days, wherein the feeding amount of each time is 2.0-3.0% of the weight of the parent fish, and the feeding time is carried out in the morning;
feeding the first feed at the water temperature of 18-20 ℃, feeding the second feed at the water temperature of 21-23 ℃, and feeding the third feed at the water temperature of 24-28 ℃;
(4) judgment of parent fish sexual maturity
a. Carrying out maturity check on female parent fish every week; the abdomen is raised in appearance, and the genital pore is reddish, so that the sexual maturity can be preliminarily judged;
b. carrying out maturity check on male parent fish every week; the genital pore is reddish, the abdomen is lightly pressed, and milky semen can be extruded out, so that sexual maturity is achieved;
(5) artificial insemination
Respectively collecting female ostrich bass ovum and male blue grouper semen; adding clean seawater into a basin containing the eggs, adding water while stirring gently, wherein the water adding amount is the same as the sperm amount, simultaneously adding 1-1.5 mL of the sperm per kilogram of the eggs into the sperm of the Epinephelus lanciformis, uniformly mixing, standing for 3-4 min, and flushing fertilized eggs with seawater;
(6) hatching of fertilized eggs
Putting the fertilized eggs treated in the step (5) into an incubation barrel for incubation, wherein incubation conditions of the fertilized eggs are that dissolved oxygen in water is 5-8 mg/L, water temperature is 23-35 ℃, salinity is 26-33, pH is 6.8-8.5, incubation density is 250-300 ten thousand fertilized eggs/m3And after dead eggs or unfertilized eggs are removed, water is changed once every 2-3 hours, and the water change amount is 30-50% of the volume of the hatching barrel each time.
2. The artificial crossbreeding method of the large-body mackerel and the humpback bass of claim 1, which is characterized in that: all feeds are made into blocks or briquettes, the size of each feed block is determined according to the size of mouth cracks of parent fishes, the block feed suitable for parent fishes of the humpback bass is 5-8 cm long and 2-3 cm wide, the diameter of each briquette feed is 2-3 cm, the block feed suitable for parent fishes of the blue groupers is 10-12 cm long and 5-6 cm wide, and the diameter of each briquette feed is 5-6 cm.
3. The artificial crossbreeding method of the humpback bass and the epinephelus lanceolatus as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the step (6) is as follows: putting the fertilized eggs treated in the step (5) into an incubation barrel for incubation, wherein the incubation conditions of the fertilized eggs are that the dissolved oxygen in water is 6mg/L, the water temperature is 25-28 ℃, the salinity is 28-30, the pH is 7.2-7.5, and the incubation density is 250-300 ten thousand fertilized eggs/m3And after dead eggs or unfertilized eggs are removed, water is changed once every 2 hours, and the water change amount is 50 percent of the volume of the hatching barrel each time.
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| CN110150191B (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2021-10-19 | 海南晨海水产有限公司 | Artificial propagation method of sparus fasciatus |
| CN110521641B (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2021-02-12 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Artificial crossbreeding method for fast-growing grouper |
| CN111213601B (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2022-02-18 | 海南晨海水产有限公司 | Indoor cement pond artificial breeding method for intercross hybrid of humpback bass and epinephelus lanceolatus |
| CN112931319B (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2022-05-27 | 吉林省水产科学研究院 | Interspecific cross breeding method for Brachymystax sanguinea by taking Brachymystax sanguinea as male parent |
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