CN106818558B

CN106818558B - Fish and grass symbiotic ecological floating bed and feeding method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN106818558B
Application number: CN201710052386.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 祝国荣; 冯浩; 狄桂兰; 高阳; 伏伟涵; 印梦娟; 常仁洁
Original assignee: Henan Normal University
Current assignee: Henan Normal University
Priority date: 2017-01-24
Filing date: 2017-01-24
Publication date: 2022-09-13
Anticipated expiration: 2037-01-24
Also published as: CN106818558A

Abstract

The invention discloses a fish and grass symbiotic ecological floating bed and a feeding method thereof, belonging to the fields of aquaculture, environment-friendly fishery and effective utilization of resources. The ecological floating bed comprises: in the pond, from top to bottom, the fence protecting net, the floating bed and the net cage are sequentially connected to form a semi-closed whole; the aquatic weeds are planted in the net cage. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, selecting and feeding fish seeds; selecting and planting waterweeds; thirdly, disease control of the fish; adjusting the buoyancy of the floating bed; cleaning the net cage; sixthly, using oxygenation equipment; seventhly, measuring physical and chemical indexes. The invention has simple structure, low cost and remarkable effect; the water quality of the water body can be effectively improved, the transparency of the water body is improved, and the consumption of water resources is reduced; the aquatic animals can be prevented from gnawing roots, stems and leaves of the aquatic weeds, the aquatic weeds can grow well, and the decontamination effect is improved; can effectively reduce fish diseases and improve the quality of fish meat; is suitable for polluted eutrophic water bodies such as rivers, reservoirs, lakes and the like, and is favorable for vigorous popularization.

Description

Fish and grass symbiotic ecological floating bed and feeding method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture, environment-friendly fishery and effective resource recycling, and particularly relates to a fish-grass symbiotic type ecological floating bed and a feeding method thereof.

Background

In recent years, some aquaculture ponds are polluted to a degree exceeding the self-cleaning capacity due to the strong one-sidedly high yield and the enlargement of the aquaculture scale, and the negative effect of long-term accumulation causes the degradation of the ecosystem. In recent 20 years, the domestic aquaculture industry is rapidly developed, and the scale of intensive high-density intensive culture ponds is gradually enlarged. Under the condition, substances such as various baits, chemicals, antibiotics and the like thrown into the pond in the culture process are low in absorption and utilization efficiency, most of the substances are accumulated together with the excrement of aquatic animals to form pollutants, and serious non-point source pollution is caused to the whole ecological environment along with the random discharge of culture wastewater, so that a series of problems of cyanobacterial bloom, frequent diseases, safe fishing product quality and the like are caused.

The problems of environment and food safety caused by the rapid development of the aquaculture industry arouse wide attention of the whole society, and meanwhile, the destruction of the ecological environment, the deterioration of the aquaculture environment and the pollution of water bodies caused by the random discharge of aquaculture wastewater restrict the healthy sustainable development of the aquaculture industry in turn. Therefore, the purification and recycling of aquaculture wastewater become a current research focus.

The related research, namely, the carassius auratus gibelio and the curly pondweed are mixedly cultured in an outdoor pond to establish a fish-weed symbiotic system. By monitoring the change rule of main physicochemical factors of water and determining the growth condition of carassius auratus gibelio, the cage grass cultivation has the effect of removing main nutritive salts of the aquaculture water, the potamogeton crispus has obvious purification effect, TP (total phosphorus) and TN (total nitrogen) can be effectively absorbed, DO (dissolved oxygen) of the water can be increased, the water can be stabilized, and the growth of the carassius auratus gibelio can be promoted.

The structure of the traditional intensive culture pond is improved and optimized, an integrated biological purification and restoration system consisting of aquatic higher plants, aquaculture animals and a microorganism composite preparation is constructed in the intensive culture fish pond, so that the optimal water quality purification function of the three is realized through the synergistic effect of the three, the culture benefit is improved, the culture cost is reduced, the discharge of culture wastewater to the external environment is reduced, and water-saving fish culture is realized.

The closed circulating water aquaculture mode has obvious advantages in the aspects of resource demand, environmental protection, production capacity and the like, and becomes a choice for realizing sustainable development in more and more countries. The water treatment system is the core of the circulating water aquaculture system and directly determines the production capacity of the system. Because of the increasing strictness of legislation and the demands on culture density, water treatment systems in developed countries become increasingly complex, directly increasing production costs and greatly limiting the application of the technology in developing countries such as China. The agricultural production by utilizing the nutrient elements such as N, P in the breeding wastewater is not only a low-cost ecological treatment technology, but also can generate certain economic benefits, and is always the leading research field and international hot spot of the subject.

The existing floating bed has the following problems: the management is difficult; when fishes and grasses are symbiotic, herbivorous and omnivorous fishes often gnaw and eat water-purifying aquatic plants, so that the effect is poor; the purification of eutrophic large water bodies such as rivers, reservoirs, lakes and the like easily causes the phenomena that the decontaminating plants grow crazy and destroy the ecological balance of the water bodies; and the decontamination plant dies, decays and deteriorates and secondarily pollutes the water body due to seasonal change.

Therefore, the invention provides the symbiotic type ecological floating bed of the fishes and the raising method thereof, which have the characteristics of simple manufacture, convenient management, capability of preventing aquatic animals from gnawing roots, stems and leaves of aquatic plants, capability of effectively improving water quality and the like, and has important significance.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a fish and grass symbiotic ecological floating bed and a feeding method thereof.

The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:

first, fish and vegetable symbiotic ecological floating bed (floating bed for short)

Comprises a pond, water, fishes, water plants and oxygen increasing equipment, wherein the pond is filled with the water and the fishes are raised, and one end of the oxygen increasing equipment, which is inflated, extends into the bottom of the pond;

is provided with a blocking and protecting net, a floating bed body and a net cage;

in the pond, from top to bottom, the blocking and protecting net, the floating bed body and the net cage are sequentially connected to form a semi-closed whole;

the aquatic weeds are planted in the net cage.

Raising method (method for short) based on fish-vegetable symbiotic ecological floating bed

The method comprises the following steps:

firstly, selecting and feeding fish seeds;

selecting and planting waterweeds;

thirdly, disease control of fish;

adjusting the buoyancy of the floating bed;

cleaning the net cage;

sixthly, using oxygenation equipment;

seventhly, measuring physical and chemical indexes.

The invention has the following advantages and positive effects:

the floating bed has simple structure, low cost and remarkable effect;

the water quality of the water body can be effectively improved, the transparency of the water body is improved, and the consumption of water resources is reduced;

the root, stem and leaf of the aquatic animals can be prevented from being gnawed, the aquatic plants can be ensured to grow well, and the decontamination effect is improved;

fourthly, the occurrence of fish diseases can be effectively reduced, and the quality of fish meat is improved;

the phenomenon that the decontaminating plant grows crazy and destroys the ecological balance of the water body can be avoided;

and the method is suitable for polluted eutrophic water bodies such as rivers, reservoirs and lakes and is beneficial to vigorous popularization. Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present floating bed;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the holder;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a barrier net;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a buoyancy bar;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a float bed body;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the field planting of aquatic weeds.

In the figure:

a, a pond, B, water, C, fish, D, aquatic weeds and E, and oxygen increasing equipment;

10-a blocking and protecting net is arranged on the frame,

11-square purse seine, 12-supporting strip;

20-a floating bed body, wherein the floating bed body is provided with a floating bed body,

21-a frame, the frame being,

22-a fixing device for fixing the device,

23-a buoyancy rod, wherein the buoyancy rod is provided with a plurality of buoyancy rods,

251. 252 … … 25N-1 st and 2 … … N adjusting jacks, wherein N is a natural number, and N is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 10;

30-a net cage, wherein the net cage is a net cage,

31-square steel ring, 32-mesh bag, 33-round steel ring,

34-planting net, 35-string and 36-small heavy bag.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples:

first, float bed

1. General of

As shown in figure 1, the floating bed comprises a pond A, water B, fishes C, water plants D and an oxygen increasing device E, wherein the pond A is filled with the water B and the fishes C to be raised, and one air charging end of the oxygen increasing device E extends into the bottom of the pond A;

is provided with a blocking and protecting net 10, a floating bed body 20 and a net cage 30;

in the pond A, from top to bottom, the blocking and protecting net 10, the floating bed body 20 and the net cage 30 are sequentially connected to form a semi-closed whole;

aquatic weeds D are planted on the floating bed body 20.

2. Functional component

1) Guard net 10

As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the guard net 10 comprises a square purse net 11 (polyethylene white fishing net with the aperture of 0.1 cm) and 4 supporting bars 12 which are connected up and down;

its function is to prevent debris and fish from entering the cage 30.

2) Floating bed body 20

As shown in fig. 1 and 5, the floating bed body 20 comprises a frame 21, a fixer 22 and a buoyancy rod 23;

the four retainers 22 respectively clamp four corners of the frame 21, and the protruding ends of the four retainers 22 are respectively inserted into the adjustment insertion holes of the four buoyancy rods 23.

(1) Frame 21

The frame 21 is square and is formed by connecting 4 UPVC pipes and 4 double-pass right-angle joints.

(2) Holder 22

As shown in fig. 2, the holder 22 is a U-shaped elastic clip;

its function is to clamp tightly on the frame 21, and its two extending ends are inserted into the adjusting jacks of the buoyancy rod 23 to transfer the buoyancy to the frame 21.

(3) Buoyancy rod 23

As shown in FIG. 4, the buoyancy bar 23 is a long-strip-shaped foam column (density 18kg/m3) provided with the 1 st and 2 … … N adjusting insertion holes 231 and 232 … … 23N, wherein N is a natural number and is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 10.

Its function is to regulate buoyancy.

3) Net cage 30

As shown in fig. 1 and 6, the net cage 30 includes a square steel ring 31, a net bag 32, a circular steel ring 33, a planting net 34 and a small weight bag 36;

the square steel ring 31, the net bag 32 and the round steel ring 33 are sequentially connected into a whole, and the planting net 34 is arranged in the net cage 30 and is used for planting the waterweeds D; the planting net 34 is connected with a small weight bag 36 through a string 35, and the planting net 34 is balanced and pulled.

The upper part and the lower part of the mesh bag 32 are round, and the aperture is 0.4 cm;

the planting net 34 has an aperture with a side length of 5 cm.

3. Mechanism of operation

The invention relates to a symbiotic ecological floating bed of fish and grass, which absorbs eutrophic factors such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in water through the water and grass D planted in the floating bed, improves the water quality, enables fish C to grow in good water B, thereby reducing the occurrence of fish diseases, improving the fish meat quality and increasing the yield; the floating bed is simple in structure, environment-friendly and ecological, convenient to operate, suitable for field planting and fixing of various decontamination aquatic weeds D, convenient for harvesting in the purification process of polluted eutrophic water bodies such as rivers, reservoirs and lakes, capable of avoiding the phenomenon that the decontamination aquatic weeds D grow wildly and destroy the ecological balance of the water bodies, and beneficial to wide popularization.

Second, raising method

Selecting and feeding fish

1) Experimental fingerling selection

The test fingerling is selected from the unique fingerling Qihe crucian carp of Henan Crane wall, the same batch of summer fingerling in the same year is selected, the weight is about 5g (the weight difference of the parallel fingerlings in the same test can not exceed 0.5g), the fingerling is disease-free and harmless, and the fingerling is robust;

2) feeding

The feed is fed with floating pellet feed, has good stability and palatability, and is required to be fresh, not deteriorate, have good physical properties and stable nutritional ingredients; the processing uniformity of the feed and the granularity of the feed raw materials meet the quality requirement of feed processing. The 'four definite' (timing, positioning, qualitative and quantitative) principle is adhered to, the feeding is generally carried out 3 times per day in 5-9 months, and the feeding is carried out in the morning, the middle and the evening; feeding for 2 times every day in 2-4 and 10-11 months, and feeding in the morning and at the evening; stopping feeding when the water temperature is lower than 10 ℃ in winter.

② selecting and planting waterweeds

1) Aquatic weed selection and planting

The experimental aquatic grass is selected from golden fish algae, and the length of the top of the golden fish algae which grows vigorously and is not branched is cut to be 20 cm-25 cm; 2-3 top ends are provided with a rubbing strip, the rubbing strip is bound and fixed on the nodes of the planting net 34 by a small-sized nylon binding belt, the action is gentle during binding, and the nylon binding belt is not suitable to be pulled too tightly so as to avoid mechanical damage to plants; other experimental water plants such as Focus vesiculosus, herba Sonchi Oleracei, and Potamogeton crispus can be used.

2) Aquatic weed management method

Regularly observing the growth condition of the goldfish algae, and fishing out dead goldfish algae and sundries in the fence 10; reaping according to a certain growth density, and timely replacing the cold and warm seasonal plants to ensure the water quality purification effect.

Disease control of fish

Prevention is mainly performed, and medication in disorder and medication prohibition are strictly prohibited. Strictly sterilizing before breeding fry and fingerling, soaking in 2-4% salt solution for 5 min or 20mg L-1(20 deg.C) potassium permanganate solution for 20-30 min, timely taking out dead fish, diagnosing death cause, and burying in soil; taking remedial measures;

adjusting buoyancy of floating bed

Along with the growth of the golden fish algae, the biomass in the net cage increases, the load of the floating bed increases, and the adjusting jacks of the floating rod 23 are adjusted in time to enable the floating rod 23 to sink and be fixed with the fixer 22, so that the frame 21 of the floating bed always floats on the water surface; similarly, after harvesting the aquatic plants, the weight of the floating bed is reduced, and it is necessary to raise the buoyancy rod 23 so that the frame 21 of the floating bed always floats on the water surface.

Cleaning net cage

The cage 30 is cleaned periodically (1 time per week in summer) mainly to clean the filamentous algae and dirt on the mesh bag 32. During cleaning, the outer surface of the mesh bag 32 is lightly scrubbed in water by using a hairbrush, filamentous algae and dirt attached to the mesh sheet are brushed and eluted backward, the floating bed is lightly lifted, the floating bed is rinsed for 2-3 times up and down in the water, the filamentous algae and the dirt in the mesh bag 32 are discharged, the mesh sheet is prevented from being attached to a large amount of the mesh sheet, meshes are blocked, and illumination and water exchange are influenced, so that the growth of the goldfish algae is influenced.

Use of oxygen increasing equipment

Starting the machine for 2-3 hours at noon in fine days, so that the bait utilization rate is improved and the water circulation is promoted; starting the machine in the early morning in cloudy days and starting the machine all day continuously in cloudy and rainy days, so as to prevent floating heads and improve the ingestion rate.

Measurement of physical and chemical indicators

Dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, nitrite and the like are measured once every 5 days, and the conventional indexes such as illumination intensity, transparency, pH value, dissolved oxygen and the like are simply detected.

Third, test conditions

Experiment time: month 6-9

The experimental site: aquatic product base of south China university in Henan province, New county, City

One) preparation before experiment

1. Experimental breeding barrel

The height of the barrel is 100cm, and the inner diameter is 80 cm; thoroughly disinfecting the experimental fish with a potassium permanganate solution before putting the experimental fish into a barrel, and injecting water and aerating for more than three days;

2. floating bed

The water covering area of the floating bed is 30 multiplied by 30cm, and the connected floating bed is thoroughly disinfected by potassium permanganate solution for later use;

3. density of fish and grass

1) Fish

Stocking 30 fish stocks in each breeding barrel;

2) grass (Haw)

30 plants were planted in each floating bed.

Fourth, experimental results

A method for raising a symbiotic ecological floating bed of fishes and grasses comprises the following experiments of three months in 6 months, 7 months and 8 months:

the Goldfish algae has good growth vigor and strong nitrogen and phosphorus absorption capacity, and can effectively reduce the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in water;

the water transparency is always kept at 30-45cm, the pH value is 7-8, and the dissolved oxygen is 8-10mg L ^-1 ；

Can effectively reduce fish diseases.

Claims

1. A fish and grass symbiotic ecological floating bed comprises a pond (A), water (B), fishes (C), water plants (D) and an oxygen increasing device (E), wherein the pond (A) is filled with the water (B) and the fishes (C) are raised, and the air charging end of the oxygen increasing device (E) extends into the bottom of the pond (A);

the method is characterized in that:

is provided with a blocking and protecting net (10), a floating bed body (20) and a net box (30);

in the pond (A), from top to bottom, the blocking and protecting net (10), the floating bed body (20) and the net cage (30) are sequentially connected to form a semi-closed whole;

aquatic weeds (D) are planted in the net cage (30);

the guardrail net (10) comprises a square fence net (11) and 4 supporting bars (12) which are connected up and down;

the floating bed body (20) comprises a frame (21), a fixer (22) and a buoyancy rod (23);

the four fixing devices (22) respectively clamp four corners of the frame 21, and the extending ends of the four fixing devices (22) are respectively inserted into the adjusting insertion holes of the four floating rods (23);

the frame (21) is square and is formed by connecting 4 UPVC pipes and 4 double-pass right-angle joints;

the fixer (22) is a U-shaped elastic clip;

the buoyancy rod (23) is a strip-shaped foam column, the 1 st and 2 … … N adjusting insertion holes (231, 232 … … 23N) are arranged on the buoyancy rod, N is a natural number, and N is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 10;

the net cage (30) comprises a square steel ring (31), a net bag (32), a round steel ring (33), a planting net (34), a string (35) and a small weight bag (36);

the square steel ring (31), the mesh bag (32) and the round steel ring (33) are sequentially connected into a whole, and the planting net (34) is arranged in the net cage (30) and is used for planting the waterweeds (D); the planting net (34) is connected with the small weight bag (36) through a string (35) to play a role in balancing and pulling the planting net (34);

the upper part and the lower part of the mesh bag (32) are round, and the aperture is 0.4 cm;

a planting net (34) with the aperture of 5cm on side;

the breeding method comprises the following steps:

firstly, selecting and feeding fish seeds;

selecting and planting waterweeds;

thirdly, disease control of fish;

adjusting the buoyancy of the floating bed;

cleaning the net cage;

sixthly, using oxygenation equipment;

seventhly, measuring physical and chemical indexes;

adjusting the buoyancy of the floating bed:

along with the growth of the goldfish algae, the biomass in the net cage increases, the load of the floating bed increases, the adjusting jacks of the buoyancy rods (23) are adjusted in time, so that the buoyancy rods (23) sink and are fixed with the fixer (22), and the frame (21) of the floating bed always floats on the water surface; similarly, after harvesting the aquatic plants, the weight of the floating bed is reduced, and the floating rod (23) is required to be lifted so that the frame (21) of the floating bed always floats on the water surface.