CN115005035B - Microcirculation ecological planting and breeding symbiotic system and method for breeding by adopting same - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a microcirculation ecological planting and breeding symbiotic system and a method for breeding by adopting the system, and relates to the field of aquaculture. A cultivation system is arranged between the planting areas, and comprises a cultivation area, a purification system and a waste treatment system, wherein the purification system and the waste treatment system are arranged at two sides of the cultivation area; the waste treatment system comprises an inclined tube sedimentation zone, a sludge zone and a water outlet tank, wherein the sludge zone is arranged on two sides of the inclined tube sedimentation zone in the width direction. The method for breeding by adopting the microcirculation ecological planting and breeding symbiotic system comprises the steps of preparation before stocking, stocking of seedlings, feeding of feed, oxygenation of water body, water quality management, sun shading and light shading, and harvesting. The invention has the advantages that: a culture system is built between planting areas, a purification system and a waste treatment system are arranged on two sides of the culture system, the purification effect of the purification system is better, and the sewage absorption rate of the inclined tube sedimentation area is improved; the cultivation efficiency is improved, the yield of planted rice is increased, and the yield-increasing potential of rice planting is improved.

Description

Microcirculation ecological planting and breeding symbiotic system and method for breeding by adopting same

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of aquaculture, in particular to a microcirculation ecological planting and breeding symbiotic system and a method for breeding by adopting the system.

Background

The comprehensive planting and breeding technology for rice and fish has long history in China, and combines aquaculture and rice planting (aquatic plants) by using ecology and modern science technology, so that agricultural resources and energy sources can be comprehensively utilized in multiple links and multiple layers, and the aim of high yield and high efficiency is achieved. The current rice and fish comprehensive planting and breeding technology mode is suitable for local conditions all over the country, and 7 large categories of 24 typical modes are formed. However, the ditch area of the technology is easy to expand, the national farmland protection policy is violated, the area is too small, the yield is low, the operation is troublesome, the early investment of the infrastructure is large, the seed culture cost is high, most farmers lack enthusiasm, and the digital culture difficulty is high.

On the basis of the traditional rice and fish comprehensive planting and breeding, a new mode is provided, the cultivation income can be increased, the soil fertility structure of the paddy field can be improved, the basic potential of the yield increase of grain crops can be improved, and the method has very important significance. The technology is convenient for organic integration with fishery mutual protection, intelligent fishery, leisure fishery and the like, and the technology level is continuously improved and the cultivation mode is increasingly mature after development for several years.

The patent with the application number of 201811218347.8 discloses a paddy field-culture pond co-operation combined aquaculture system and a culture method, wherein the culture system comprises a circulating water culture area and a rice and shrimp co-operation area, wherein the circulating water culture area is positioned in the culture pond and comprises a water purification area, a fish culture tank and a sewage area which are sequentially arranged and circulated, the rice and shrimp co-operation area is provided with a water inlet communicated with the sewage area and a water outlet communicated with the water purification area, and the water inlet and the water outlet are arranged far away from each other. However, the sewage suction efficiency at the tail end of a 'circulating water runway' cultivation area is generally not high, the front end of the cultivation area has an insufficient purification effect, and how to optimize facility equipment of a sewage collecting and sucking area and construct a stable and effective external pond ecological system is a key technology to be overcome.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the cost investment of the comprehensive planting and breeding technology of rice and fish in the prior art is high, the management is difficult, the intelligent difficulty is high, the pollution absorption rate at the tail end of a breeding area system is low, and the purifying effect at the front end of the breeding area is not good.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: comprises a planting area and a cultivation system between the planting areas;

the cultivation system comprises a cultivation area, a purification system and a waste treatment system, wherein the cultivation area is a circulating water runway cultivation area, the purification system is arranged on one side of the cultivation area, the waste treatment system is arranged on the other side of the cultivation area, a water storage area is arranged between the purification system and a planting area, the water storage area comprises a water quality purification area, a water storage area and a deep water area which are sequentially arranged, the planting area is communicated with the water quality purification area through a water outlet, the water quality purification area is communicated with the water storage area which is deeper than the water quality purification area, and the water storage area is communicated with the deep water area which is deeper than the water storage area;

the purification system comprises a primary filtering area, a secondary filtering area and a tertiary filtering area, wherein a water inlet below the primary filtering area is communicated with a deep water area, an artificial grille is obliquely arranged in the primary filtering area, a lifting area is arranged between the primary filtering area and the secondary filtering area, the lifting area is communicated with the lower part of the primary filtering area, a water pump is arranged in the lifting area, water in the lifting area is lifted into the secondary filtering area through the water pump, the secondary filtering area is communicated with the bottom of the tertiary filtering area, and fillers with different particle diameters are filled in the secondary filtering area and the tertiary filtering area;

the upper part of the three-stage filtering area is communicated with the cultivation area, the bottom surface of the cultivation area below the cultivation area is obliquely downwards arranged from one side close to the three-stage filtering area to the other side, and a steel grate is arranged on one side, far away from the three-stage filtering area, of the cultivation area;

the waste treatment system comprises an inclined tube sedimentation zone, a sludge zone and a water outlet pond, wherein the bottom of the cultivation zone is communicated with the inclined tube sedimentation zone, the bottom surface of the inclined tube sedimentation zone at the bottom of the inclined tube sedimentation zone is obliquely downwards arranged from one side close to the cultivation zone to the other side, a honeycomb inclined tube is arranged in the inclined tube sedimentation zone, sludge zones are arranged on two sides of the width direction of the inclined tube sedimentation zone, the bottom of the inclined tube sedimentation zone is communicated with the sludge zone through a sludge discharge pipe of the sedimentation zone, a sludge pump is arranged in the sludge zone, the sludge outlet pipe of the sludge pump is communicated with the planting zone, a water outlet channel communicated with the cultivation zone is arranged at the top of the inclined tube sedimentation zone, a drain pipe communicated with the planting zone is arranged on the side surface of the water outlet pond.

Further, emergent aquatic plants are planted in the water quality purifying area.

Further, the included angle between the bottom of the artificial grille and the horizontal line is 60 degrees.

Further, a cover plate is arranged at the top of the lifting area.

Further, the secondary filtering area is filled with biomass functional filler with the particle size of 30-40 mm; the three-stage filtering area is filled with biomass functional filler with the particle size of 10-20 mm; the bottom of second grade filtering zone and tertiary filtering zone has the lining board through bottom support respectively, the lining board top is located to the packing, the communicating pipe that the level set up has been laid to lining board below of second grade filtering zone near tertiary filtering zone one side, communicating pipe and tertiary filtering zone intercommunication.

Further, an oxygenation device is paved at the bottom of the cultivation area, the oxygenation device is an aeration pipe, and the inclination of the bottom surface of the cultivation area is 1.5%.

Further, the included angle between the bottom surface of the inclined tube sedimentation zone and the horizontal line is 7 degrees.

The method for breeding by adopting the microcirculation ecological planting and breeding symbiotic system comprises the following steps:

s1, preparation before stocking: cleaning a culture water tank of a breeding area by removing residual pond water, silt and floating soil 20-25 days before stocking, brushing the tank wall and the tank bottom of the culture water tank with aqueous culture paint after sun drying, immersing in water for 2-3 days after sun drying for 3-4 days, draining and washing, and thoroughly sterilizing and killing enemy organisms with 20-25kg of chlorine-containing lime or quicklime until the water depth is 100-120cm, wherein seedlings can be stocked 10-15 days later;

s2, stocking seedlings: the seedlings are selected and treated and then put into a cultivation water tank of a cultivation area;

s3, feeding feed: feeding special floating pellet feed into the culture water tank in a concentrated manner;

s4, oxygenation of the water body: the breeding water tanks are provided with more than 2 Roots blowers, the total power of each water tank is 0.1-1.6 kilowatts, and the blowers are started to increase oxygen before the seedlings are put in culture;

s5, water quality management: the transparency of the culture water tank is kept at 30-40cm, the air blower is adopted for oxygenation every day, and the purification system and the waste treatment system of the culture system are used for pumping and exhausting circulation for 2 hours, so that a micro-flowing water culture environment is created, the water level of the culture water tank is controlled to be 1.0-1.2m in the early stage, and is gradually increased in the middle and later stages, and the water level is kept to be 1.8-2.0m;

the pumping and exhausting circulation work flow of the culture system is as follows: the planting area is planted with rice, aquatic product cultivation is carried out through the cultivation area, water in the eutrophic planting area is discharged to the water quality purification area through the water outlet, primary purification is obtained, then the water enters the water storage area, after the water stays for a short time, the water enters the deep water area, and a flowing water source is provided for the cultivation area;

the water enters a first-stage filtering area through a water inlet, large-particle suspended matters are removed through an artificial grille, then the water flows to a lifting area, the water is lifted to a second-stage filtering area under the action of a water pump, then the water flows to a third-stage filtering area, the water discharged from the third-stage filtering area continuously flows to a high-density cultivation area, after the cultivation wastewater in the high-density cultivation area is treated through a honeycomb inclined tube in an inclined tube sedimentation area, the high-organic matter suspended matters are settled to a sludge area, high-organic matter enriched bottom mud is conveyed to a paddy field planting area through a mud outlet tube by a sludge pump, and the water discharged from the inclined tube sedimentation area is conveyed to the paddy field planting area by a submersible pump or is directly discharged to a ditch;

s6, sun shading and light shielding: in summer, in high-temperature seasons, a black sunshade net is covered at the position 1.8-2.0m above the cultivation water tank, so that the temperature of the water body in summer of the cultivation water tank is reduced, direct sunlight stimulation is reduced, and meanwhile, invasion of birds to water products is prevented;

s7, harvesting: when the water product is raised to a certain specification, the water product is subjected to separate culture or sales according to the requirement, and a small amount of water product can be caught by adopting a ground cage net at ordinary times; when in concentrated harvest, the net pulling or the water draining dry pond is directly used for capturing.

Further, in the step S2, when the fries are fingerlings, the fries which are active, harmless and uniform in size are selected, the specification is 4-5 cm/tail, the stocking density is 400-500 tail/cubic meter of water body, the fries are soaked in povidone iodine solution with the concentration of 0.25-0.35mg/L or potassium permanganate solution with the concentration of 1% for 5 minutes, and the fries are placed into a culture water tank after the soaking treatment;

when the fries are shrimp fries, 5 ten thousand fries of shrimp fries are put in each cultivation water tank, and oxygenation is carried out through an aeration pipe 2 hours before the fries are put in.

Further, in the step S3, when the fingerling is a fingerling, the feed starts to feed after the fingerling is put in place and is adapted, the feed is selected from floating pellet feed, and the feed is special puffed feed with 35% -42% of protein and 7% -9% of fat or other puffed feed with similar nutrition; the feeding amount is 4% -8% of the weight of the fish body, the feeding times are 2-3 times per day, the feeding amount is timely adjusted according to weather, water quality change and the movable feeding condition of the fish, the feeding amount is more when the weather is clear, the water quality is good, the feeding is more when the feeding is vigorous, the feeding is reduced when the water quality is worsened, and the feeding specification is timely adjusted according to the size of the fish body;

when the fries are shrimp fries, starting feeding the feed the next day after stocking, feeding the powdery feed in the first 5 days, wherein the protein content is above 45%, the feeding amount is 20 g per ten thousands of fries per day, and feeding is performed for 4 times; 5-15 days, feeding 100-250 g of feed with the protein content of 42% -45% into the prawns every ten thousand prawns every day, and feeding 3 times; feeding feed with the protein content of 38% -42% for 15-30 days, wherein the feeding amount of the feed is 250-500 g each day, and the feed can be fed twice in the morning and evening; feeding feed with the protein content of 38% -42% for 30-60 days, wherein the feeding amount of the feed is controlled to be 500-2000 g every ten thousands of tails, and the feed is fed twice in the morning and evening; the feed with the protein content of 35% -38% is changed in 60-90 days, the feed feeding amount per day is controlled to be 2-4 kg per ten thousands of tails, and the feed is fed twice in the morning and evening; after 90 days, feeding 35% -38% of feed, wherein the feeding amount of the feed is controlled to be more than 4 kg; the feeding amount of the feed in the prawn culture process is gradually increased, and the specific feeding amount is adjusted in time according to weather, water quality and prawn eating conditions; in the cultivation process, except for closing the oxygenation device when the feed is fed, the oxygenation device is started in other time so as to keep the sufficient dissolved oxygen level of the water body in the cultivation water tank.

The invention has the advantages that: the cultivation system is built between the planting areas, a purification system and a waste treatment system are arranged on two sides of the cultivation system, residual nutrition in cultivation tail water and sludge is supplied to a paddy field, the paddy field is used as a purified wetland system to fully degrade and utilize nutritive salt, a stable and effective external pond ecological system is built, the paddy field water is used for carrying out ecological purification and filtration treatment by the purification system, and then, the circulating water runway is used for cultivating fish and returns to the water tank of the intensive cultivation area, so that a water quality circulation complementary cultivation system is formed, the problems of high investment and difficult management of the comprehensive cultivation technology of rice and fish are solved, and intelligent comprehensive cultivation is realized;

the purification system at one side of the cultivation system is better in purification effect through purification and multistage filtration treatment, the waste treatment system at the other side of the cultivation system is provided with the inclined tube sedimentation zone and the sludge zone, the bottom surface of the inclined tube sedimentation zone is obliquely downwards arranged from one side close to the cultivation zone to the other side, the sludge zone is arranged at two sides of the inclined tube sedimentation zone in the width direction, the residual bait and excrement removal rate of the cultivation zone is improved, and the dirt absorption rate is improved;

the cultivation efficiency is improved, the paddy field is irrigated by the cultivation tail water, rich nutrients are brought to the paddy, the yield of the planted paddy is obviously increased, the main fertility structure of the paddy field soil can be improved, and the yield increase potential of the paddy planting is improved;

the water flow in the culture area is gentle, fish bodies of different varieties and different sizes can be cultured, and the culture varieties are richer.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a cultivation system according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 1-1 of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 2-2 of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 3-3 of FIG. 2;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 4-4 of FIG. 2;

FIG. 7 is a plan view of the aeration tubes at the bottom of the cultivation area according to the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a lower level plan view of the waste treatment system of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a middle level plan view of the waste treatment system of the present invention;

figure 10 is a top plan view of the waste treatment system of the present invention.

Reference numerals illustrate: 1. the method comprises the following steps of a 1# rice field planting area, a 2# rice field planting area, a 3, a breeding system, a 4, a 1# runway breeding area, a 5, a 2# runway breeding area, a 6, a water quality purifying area, a 7, a water storage area, an 8, a deep water area, a 9, a 1# rice field planting area water outlet, a 10, a 2# rice field planting area water outlet, an 11, an irrigation ditch, a 12, a mud outlet pipe, a 13, a drain pipe, a 14, a pond and bank small road, a 15, a water inlet, a 16, an artificial grid, a 17, a lifting area, a 18, a secondary filtering area, a 19, a tertiary filtering area, a 20, a breeding area, a 21, a steel grate, a 22, a chute precipitation area, a 23, a water outlet pool, a 24, a sludge area, a 25, a water outlet ditch, a 26, a cover plate, a 27, a bottom bracket, a 28, a supporting plate, a 29, a breeding area bottom surface, a 30, a chute precipitation area bottom surface, a 31, a water pump, a 32, a sludge pump, 33, a communicating pipe, a 34, a honeycomb chute, a 35 and a precipitation area sludge discharge pipe.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description. The following examples will provide those skilled in the art with a more complete understanding of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention to the embodiments described.

As shown in fig. 1, the following technical scheme is adopted in this specific embodiment: as shown in fig. 1, the following technical scheme is adopted in this specific embodiment: including planting the district and planting the farming systems between the district, in this embodiment, plant the district and set up 1# paddy field and plant district 1 and 2# paddy field and plant district 2,1# paddy field is planted and is set up farming systems 3 between district 1 and 2# paddy field is planted and plant and still be equipped with irrigation ditch 11 and pond bank alley 14 between district 2 in district 1 and 2# paddy field, plant the district and can be planted the piece district by the paddy field of different quantity and constitute, all be within this patent protection scope.

The cultivation system 3 comprises a cultivation area 20, a purification system and a waste treatment system, the cultivation area 20 is a circulating water runway cultivation area, the purification system is arranged on one side of the cultivation area 20, the waste treatment system is arranged on the other side of the cultivation area, a water storage area is arranged between the purification system and the cultivation area, the water storage area is arranged at an irrigation ditch 11 and comprises a water quality purification area 6, a water storage area 7 and a deep water area 8 which are sequentially arranged, the 1# paddy field cultivation area 1 is communicated with the water quality purification area 6 through a 1# paddy field cultivation area water outlet 9, the 2# paddy field cultivation area 2 is communicated with the water quality purification area 6 through a 2# paddy field cultivation area water outlet 10, water in the 1# paddy field cultivation area 1 and the 2# paddy field cultivation area 2 respectively enter the water quality purification area 6 through the 1# paddy field cultivation area water outlet 9 and the 2# paddy field cultivation area water outlet 10, emergent aquatic plants are planted in the water quality purification area 6, the water quality purification area 6 is communicated with the water storage area 7 which is deep than the water purification area 6, the water storage area 7 is communicated with the deep water storage area 8 which is deep than the water storage area 7, the cultivation area 20 is arranged into the 1# cultivation area 4 and the 2# paddy field cultivation area 5, the water quality purification area 6 flows to the water storage area 7, and the water storage area 7 flows from the water storage area 8 to the deep water storage area 8.

As shown in fig. 2-6, the purification system comprises a first-stage filtering area, a second-stage filtering area 18 and a third-stage filtering area 19, wherein a water inlet 15 below the first-stage filtering area is communicated with a deep water area 8, water in the deep water area 8 flows to the first-stage filtering area through the water inlet 15, an artificial grille 16 is obliquely arranged in the first-stage filtering area, an included angle between the bottom of the artificial grille 16 and a horizontal line is 60 degrees, a lifting area 17 is arranged between the first-stage filtering area and the second-stage filtering area 18, a cover plate 26 is arranged at the top of the lifting area 17, the lifting area 17 is communicated with the lower part of the first-stage filtering area, the water is pretreated by the artificial grille 16 and then enters the lifting area 17, a water pump 31 is arranged in the lifting area 17, the water in the lifting area 17 is lifted to the upper part of the second-stage filtering area 18 through the water pump 31, the bottom of the second-stage filtering area 18 and the third-stage filtering area 19 are communicated, and the second-stage filtering area 18 are filled with fillers with different particle sizes.

The secondary filtering area 18 is filled with biomass functional filler with the particle size of 30-40 mm; the three-stage filtering area 19 is filled with biomass functional filler with the particle size of 10-20 mm; the bottoms of the secondary filtering area 18 and the tertiary filtering area 19 are respectively supported with a lining board 28 through a bottom layer support 27, a filler is arranged above the lining board 28, a communicating pipe 33 which is horizontally arranged is arranged below the lining board 28 of the secondary filtering area 18 and close to one side of the tertiary filtering area 19, the communicating pipe 33 is communicated with the tertiary filtering area 19, water vertically passes through the secondary filtering area 18 from top to bottom and then flows to the bottom of the tertiary filtering area 19, water at the bottom of the tertiary filtering area 19 is reversely permeated from bottom to top, and then the water enters the high-density cultivation area 20.

The top of tertiary filtration district 19 link up with breed district 20, and breed district bottom surface 29 of breed district 20 bottom is by being close to one side of tertiary filtration district 19 to the slope of opposite side setting down, and breed district bottom surface 29 presents 1.5% slope, and the incline direction is the flow direction of water, and oxygenation device has been laid to breed district 20 bottom, and oxygenation device is the aeration tube, and breed district 20 is kept away from one side of tertiary filtration district 19 and is equipped with steel grate 21.

The waste treatment system comprises an inclined tube sedimentation zone 22, a sludge zone 24 and a water outlet pond 23, wherein the bottom of the culture zone 20 is communicated with the inclined tube sedimentation zone 22, water outlet of the culture zone 20 enters the inclined tube sedimentation zone 22 for treatment, the inclined tube sedimentation zone bottom surface 30 at the bottom of the inclined tube sedimentation zone 22 is obliquely downwards arranged from one side close to the culture zone 20 to the other side, the included angle between the inclined tube sedimentation zone bottom surface 30 and a horizontal line is 7 degrees, a honeycomb inclined tube 34 is arranged in the inclined tube sedimentation zone 22, as shown in fig. 7-10, the sludge zone 24 is arranged on two sides of the width direction of the inclined tube sedimentation zone 22, the bottom of the inclined tube sedimentation zone 22 is communicated with the sludge zone 24 through a sedimentation zone sludge discharge tube 35, a sludge pump 32 is arranged in the sludge zone 24, the sludge discharge tubes 12 of the plurality of sludge pumps 32 are respectively communicated with a 1# paddy field planting zone 1 and a 2# paddy field planting zone 2, a water outlet channel 25 communicated with the culture zone 20 is arranged at the top of the inclined tube sedimentation zone 22, the inclined tube sedimentation zone 25 is directly communicated with the 1 paddy field planting zone 2, the inclined tube sedimentation zone 22 is arranged at the side, as shown in fig. 7-10, the two sides of the inclined tube sedimentation zone 22 are respectively communicated with the water outlet channels 23, the water outlet channels 23 are respectively communicated with the 1# paddy field planting zone 1 and the 2 paddy field planting zone 2, and the water outlet pond 13 are respectively communicated with the water outlet pond 13.

Example 1: a method for breeding rice and fish and stream fish by adopting a microcirculation ecological planting and breeding symbiotic system comprises the following steps of:

s1, preparing before stocking, namely cleaning the whole culture water tank 20-25 days before stocking, including removing residual pond water, silt and floating soil, cleaning by sun, coating the whole pond (including pond walls and pond bottoms) with aqueous culture paint once, soaking in water for 2-3 days after airing for 3-4 days, draining, cleaning, and then adding water to the depth of 100-120cm, and thoroughly sterilizing with 20-25kg of chlorine-containing lime or quicklime to kill enemy organisms; after 10-15 days, fish seeds can be bred.

S2, stocking seedlings: 3 months, fish seeds can be put in, active and harmless fish seeds with uniform size and specification of 4-5 cm/tail are selected, the stocking density of 400-500 tail/cubic meter of water body is kept, during stocking, povidone iodine solution with concentration of 0.25-0.35mg/L or 1% potassium permanganate solution is used for soaking for 5 minutes, and then the fish seeds are put into a culture water tank;

s3, feeding feed: the feed starts to feed after the fish seeds are put in culture and adapt, and the feed adopts floating pellet feed, special expanded feed with the protein content of 35-42% and the fat content of 7-9% or other expanded feeds with similar nutrition; the feeding amount is 4% -8% of the weight of the fish body, the feeding times are twice daily, the feeding time is 6-7 a.m., the feeding amount is adjusted in time from 5-6 a.m. according to weather, water quality change and the active feeding condition of the fish, the feeding amount is generally clear and long in weather, good in water quality, and excessive in feeding, continuous overcast and rainy, and the feeding amount is reduced when the water quality is deteriorated, the feeding specification is adjusted in time according to the size of the fish body, and the particle size of the feeding pellet is suitable for the specification of the fish body, and is shown in the table below.

Table for specification of fish body and grain size of feed

Fish body specification (gram)	Feed numbering	Diameter of feed pellet (mm)
			Less than 1	Powdery material
3~5	1#	1.2
			5~20	2#	2.0
20~50	3#	3.0
			50 or more	4#	4.0

S4, oxygenation of the water body: the culture water tanks are provided with more than 2 Roots blowers, the total power of each water tank is 0.1-1.6 kilowatts, the blowers are started for oxygenation 1 hour before fish fry are put in culture, one blower is started in the early stage of culture, and the number of the estimated fish in each water tank reaches more than 800 kg, and 2 blowers are started.

S5, water quality management: the water quality of the culture water tank is kept to be 'fat, alive, tender and cool', the transparency is 30-40cm, the air blower is adopted for oxygenation every day, the pumping and discharging circulation is carried out for 2 hours through the purification system and the waste treatment system of the culture system 3, the culture environment of micro-flowing water is created, the water level of the culture water tank is controlled to be 1.0-1.2m in the early stage, the water level is gradually increased in the middle and later stages, and the water level is kept to be 1.8-2.0m.

The pumping and exhausting circulation work flow of the culture system 3 is as follows: the rice is planted in the rice field planting areas 1 and 2, the circulating water runway cultivation area 20 is used for aquatic product cultivation, the rice field planting areas 1 and 2 discharge eutrophic water bodies to the water quality purification area 6 through the rice field planting area water outlet 9 and the rice field planting area water outlet 10 to obtain primary purification, then the water bodies enter the water storage area 7, after the water bodies stay for a short time, the water bodies enter the deep water area 8, and a flowing water source is provided for the circulating water runway cultivation area 20;

the water inlet 15 of the circulating water runway cultivation area 20 is positioned at one side of the deep water area 8, water enters the first-stage filtering area through the water inlet 15, large-particle suspended matters possibly existing are removed through the artificial grating 16, then the water flows to the lifting area 17, the water pump 31 adopts a submersible pump, the water is lifted to the second-stage filtering area 18 under the action of the submersible pump and then flows to the third-stage filtering area 19, the water discharged from the third-stage filtering area 19 continuously flows to the high-density cultivation area 20, after the cultivation wastewater of the high-density cultivation area 20 is treated through the honeycomb inclined tube 34 in the inclined tube sedimentation area 22, the high-organic matter suspended matters are settled to the sludge area 24, the high-organic matter enriched bottom mud is conveyed to the 1# paddy field planting area 1 and the 2# paddy field planting area 2 through the mud outlet tube 12 by the sludge pump 32, and the water discharged from the inclined tube sedimentation area 22 is conveyed to the 1# paddy field planting area 1 and the 2# paddy field planting area 2 or is directly discharged to a ditch by the submersible pump.

S6, sun shading and light shielding: in summer, a black sunshade net is covered at the position 1.8-2.0m above the cultivation water tank, so that the temperature of water in the pond in summer can be reduced, direct sunlight stimulation is reduced, and meanwhile, birds can be prevented from invading the lipfish.

S7, harvesting: when the photopcheilis is raised to a certain specification, the photopcheilis can be raised separately or sold according to the requirement, and a small amount of photopcheilis can be caught by adopting a ground cage net at ordinary times, and adult fish can be caught by directly pulling the net or draining a dry pond when being intensively harvested.

The water flow in the cultivation area 20 is gentle, fish bodies of different varieties and different sizes can be cultivated, and compared with the conventional runway cultivation, the method is limited to fish seeds which are individually suitable for fast flow rates, and the cultivation varieties are more abundant.

Example 2: a method for carrying out rice and fish breeding and water tank south America white shrimp second-crop cultivation by adopting a microcirculation ecological breeding symbiotic system comprises the following steps:

s1: preparation before stocking: cleaning the whole culture water tank 20-25 days before stocking, including removing residual pond water, silt and floating soil, after cleaning, coating the whole water tank (including pond wall and pond bottom) with aqueous culture paint once, airing for 3-4 days, soaking in water for 2-3 days, draining, cleaning, adding water to the depth of 100cm-120cm, thoroughly sterilizing with 20kg-25kg of chlorine-containing lime or quicklime, and sterilizing with enemy organisms, and covering 1.8m of the culture water tank with a plastic greenhouse to increase the water temperature of the water tank.

S2: first-crop shrimp larvae are bred and fed: the shrimp larvae are initially put in 3 months, 5 ten thousand of the penaeus vannamei boone desalted shrimp larvae are put in each water tank, a blower is started for oxygenation 2 hours before the larvae are put in, feed is put in the next day after the larvae are put in, the penaeus vannamei boone powdery feed is put in the first 5 days, the protein content is above 45%, the daily feeding amount is 20 g per ten thousand of the shrimp larvae, and the feeding is carried out for 4 times; changing the special 0# feed for the penaeus vannamei boone in 5-15 days, wherein the protein content is 42% -45%, feeding 100-250 g of penaeus vannamei boone every ten thousands of penaeus vannamei boone every day, and feeding 3 times; feeding special feed for the 1# penaeus vannamei boone for 15-30 days, wherein the protein content of the feed is 38% -42%, the feeding amount of the feed per day is 250-500 g, and the feed can be fed twice in the morning and evening; the special feed for the 2# penaeus vannamei can be fed for 30-60 days, the protein content is required to be 38% -42%, the feed feeding amount per day is controlled to be 500-2000 g per ten thousands of tails, and the feed is fed twice in the morning and evening; the feed for the penaeus vannamei 3# can be changed and fed for 60-90 days, the protein content is 35% -38%, the feeding amount of the feed per day is controlled to be 2-4 kg per ten thousands of tails, and the feed is generally fed twice in the morning and evening; after 90 days, the special feed for 3# penaeus vannamei is still fed, and the feeding amount of the feed is controlled to be more than 4 kg.

The feeding amount of the feed in the penaeus vannamei boone cultivation process is gradually increased, the specific feeding amount is timely adjusted according to weather, water quality and feeding conditions of the penaeus vannamei boone, and the oxygenation devices are started in other time except for the Guan Gufeng oxygenation devices in the feed feeding process in the cultivation process so as to keep the sufficient dissolved oxygen level of the water body of the cultivation water tank.

S3: and (3) water quality management: the air blower is adopted for oxygenation every day, and the purification system and the waste treatment system of the cultivation system 3 are used for pumping and exhausting and circulating for 2 hours, so that a micro-running water cultivation environment is created, the water level of the cultivation water tank is controlled to be 1.0-1.2m in the early stage, and the water level is kept to be 1.8-2.0m in the middle and later stages;

s4: first-crop cultured prawn capturing: the penaeus vannamei boone is cultured for more than 100 days, the individuals can catch within 80 feet per kilogram, the penaeus vannamei boone is caught by adopting a ground cage net, and the rest dry ponds catch.

S5, after the first crop is caught, 25kg of quicklime or 2.5 kg of bleaching powder is used for disinfection with water in each water tank, and after the toxicity disappears after the disinfection for 10 days, the second crop of penaeus vannamei boone is cultivated, and the seedling quantity, the feed feeding and the cultivation modes are the same as those of the first penaeus vannamei boone cultivation.

According to the method, two cultivation water tanks are built on the irrigation canal 11 of a 60 mu paddy field, according to experimental site acceptance data, under the condition that the paddy field planting area is not occupied, each cultivation water tank can generate 5000 kg of fish in year, which is equivalent to 5-10 mu of a newly added intensive cultivation pond, the paddy field is irrigated by cultivation tail water, rich nutrients are brought to paddy rice, 588 kg of paddy rice in an experimental area is produced in a comparable way, the yield is increased by 7.5%, and meanwhile, the planting system can also improve the main fertility structure of the soil of the saline-alkali paddy field in sea, so that the yield increasing potential of paddy rice planting is improved. The water purifying area of the cultivation system does not affect the normal production of the paddy field, not only can increase cultivation income, but also can improve the soil fertility structure of the paddy field and the yield increase potential of grain crops.

The water flow speed, the feed feeding quantity, the dissolution quantity, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and other water quality indexes in the culture water tank can be regulated and controlled in real time, the range of cultivable varieties is enlarged, common carp family fishes can be cultivated, high-grade freshwater varieties such as stream fishes, reeves shad and Australian crayfish can be cultivated, and the water flow and the dissolved oxygen can be controlled, so that the fish fries can be hatched and cultivated, and the utilization rate of the culture water tank is improved; the fish-farming water tank has smaller water body, can be provided with oxygenation, feeding and water quality control systems at low cost, realizes the whole-course intelligent cultivation management of offspring seed stocking, feed feeding, water quality regulation and control and fish catching, and provides templates for digital agriculture.

The whole system combines the technical principles of open-air intensive culture ponds, traditional runway culture, industrial culture and wetland water treatment, and the culture water body and energy are completely circulated in the system, so that the system is a culture mode with low carbon, ecology, greening, high yield, high efficiency and sustainable development.

The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (9)

1. The microcirculation ecological planting and breeding symbiotic system is characterized in that: comprises a planting area and a cultivation system between the planting areas;

the cultivation system comprises a cultivation area, a purification system and a waste treatment system, wherein the cultivation area is a circulating water runway cultivation area, the purification system is arranged on one side of the cultivation area, the waste treatment system is arranged on the other side of the cultivation area, a water storage area is arranged between the purification system and a planting area, the water storage area comprises a water quality purification area, a water storage area and a deep water area which are sequentially arranged, the planting area is communicated with the water quality purification area through a water outlet, the water quality purification area is communicated with the water storage area which is deeper than the water quality purification area, and the water storage area is communicated with the deep water area which is deeper than the water storage area;

the purification system comprises a primary filtering area, a secondary filtering area and a tertiary filtering area, wherein a water inlet below the primary filtering area is communicated with a deep water area, an artificial grille is obliquely arranged in the primary filtering area, a lifting area is arranged between the primary filtering area and the secondary filtering area, the lifting area is communicated with the lower part of the primary filtering area, a water pump is arranged in the lifting area, water in the lifting area is lifted into the secondary filtering area through the water pump, the secondary filtering area is communicated with the bottom of the tertiary filtering area, and fillers with different particle diameters are filled in the secondary filtering area and the tertiary filtering area;

the upper part of the three-stage filtering area is communicated with the cultivation area, the bottom surface of the cultivation area below the cultivation area is obliquely downwards arranged from one side close to the three-stage filtering area to the other side, and a steel grate is arranged on one side, far away from the three-stage filtering area, of the cultivation area;

the secondary filtering area is filled with biomass functional filler with the particle size of 30-40 mm; the three-stage filtering area is filled with biomass functional filler with the particle size of 10-20 mm; the bottoms of the secondary filtering area and the tertiary filtering area are respectively supported with a lining board through a bottom layer bracket, the packing is arranged above the lining board, one side, close to the tertiary filtering area, below the lining board of the secondary filtering area is provided with a communicating pipe which is horizontally arranged, and the communicating pipe is communicated with the tertiary filtering area;

the waste treatment system comprises an inclined tube sedimentation zone, a sludge zone and a water outlet pond, wherein the bottom of the cultivation zone is communicated with the inclined tube sedimentation zone, the bottom surface of the inclined tube sedimentation zone at the bottom of the inclined tube sedimentation zone is obliquely downwards arranged from one side close to the cultivation zone to the other side, a honeycomb inclined tube is arranged in the inclined tube sedimentation zone, sludge zones are arranged on two sides of the width direction of the inclined tube sedimentation zone, the bottom of the inclined tube sedimentation zone is communicated with the sludge zone through a sludge discharge pipe of the sedimentation zone, a sludge pump is arranged in the sludge zone, the sludge outlet pipe of the sludge pump is communicated with the planting zone, a water outlet channel communicated with the cultivation zone is arranged at the top of the inclined tube sedimentation zone, a drain pipe communicated with the planting zone is arranged on the side surface of the water outlet pond.

2. The microcirculatory ecological planting and breeding symbiotic system according to claim 1, wherein: emergent aquatic plants are planted in the water quality purifying area.

3. The microcirculatory ecological planting and breeding symbiotic system according to claim 1, wherein: the bottom of the artificial grille and the horizontal line form an included angle of 60 degrees.

4. The microcirculatory ecological planting and breeding symbiotic system according to claim 1, wherein: and a cover plate is arranged at the top of the lifting area.

5. The microcirculatory ecological planting and breeding symbiotic system according to claim 1, wherein: an oxygenation device is paved at the bottom of the cultivation area, the oxygenation device is an aeration pipe, and the inclination of the bottom surface of the cultivation area is 1.5%.

6. The microcirculatory ecological planting and breeding symbiotic system according to claim 1, wherein: the included angle between the bottom surface of the inclined tube sedimentation zone and the horizontal line is 7 degrees.

7. A method for breeding by using the microcirculation ecological planting and breeding symbiotic system as claimed in any of claims 1 to 6 which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

s1, preparation before stocking: cleaning a culture water tank of a breeding area by removing residual pond water, silt and floating soil 20-25 days before stocking, brushing the tank wall and the tank bottom of the culture water tank with aqueous culture paint after sun drying, immersing in water for 2-3 days after sun drying for 3-4 days, draining and washing, and thoroughly sterilizing and killing enemy organisms with 20-25kg of chlorine-containing lime or quicklime until the water depth is 100-120cm, wherein seedlings can be stocked 10-15 days later;

s2, stocking seedlings: the seedlings are selected and treated and then put into a cultivation water tank of a cultivation area;

s3, feeding feed: feeding special floating pellet feed into the culture water tank in a concentrated manner;

s4, oxygenation of the water body: the breeding water tanks are provided with more than 2 Roots blowers, the total power of each water tank is 0.1-1.6 kilowatts, and the blowers are started to increase oxygen before the seedlings are put in culture;

s5, water quality management: the transparency of the culture water tank is kept at 30-40cm, the air blower is adopted for oxygenation every day, and the purification system and the waste treatment system of the culture system are used for pumping and exhausting circulation for 2 hours, so that a micro-flowing water culture environment is created, the water level of the culture water tank is controlled to be 1.0-1.2m in the early stage, and is gradually increased in the middle and later stages, and the water level is kept to be 1.8-2.0m;

the pumping and exhausting circulation work flow of the culture system is as follows: the planting area is planted with rice, the cultivation area carries out aquatic product cultivation, the water body of the eutrophication planting area is discharged to the water quality purification area through the water outlet to obtain primary purification, then the water body enters the water storage area, and after the water body stays for a short time, the water body enters the deep water area to provide a flowing water source for the cultivation area;

the water enters a first-stage filtering area through a water inlet, large-particle suspended matters are removed through an artificial grille, then the water flows to a lifting area, the water is lifted to a second-stage filtering area under the action of a water pump, then the water flows to a third-stage filtering area, the water discharged from the third-stage filtering area continuously flows to a high-density cultivation area, after the cultivation wastewater in the high-density cultivation area is treated through a honeycomb inclined tube in an inclined tube sedimentation area, the high-organic matter suspended matters are settled to a sludge area, high-organic matter enriched bottom mud is conveyed to a paddy field planting area through a mud outlet tube by a sludge pump, and the water discharged from the inclined tube sedimentation area is conveyed to the paddy field planting area by a submersible pump or is directly discharged to a ditch;

s6, sun shading and light shielding: in summer, in high-temperature seasons, a black sunshade net is covered at the position 1.8-2.0m above the cultivation water tank, so that the temperature of the water body in summer of the cultivation water tank is reduced, direct sunlight stimulation is reduced, and meanwhile, invasion of birds to water products is prevented;

s7, harvesting: when the water product is raised to a certain specification, the water product is subjected to separate culture or sales according to the requirement, and a small amount of water product can be caught by adopting a ground cage net at ordinary times; when in concentrated harvest, the net pulling or the water draining dry pond is directly used for capturing.

8. The method for breeding by adopting the microcirculation ecological planting and breeding symbiotic system according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S2, when the fries are fingerlings, the fries which are active, harmless and uniform in size are selected, the specification is 4-5 cm/tail, the stocking density is 400-500 tail/cubic meter of water body, the fries are soaked in povidone iodine solution with the concentration of 0.25-0.35mg/L or potassium permanganate solution with the concentration of 1% for 5 minutes, and the fries are placed into a culture water tank after the soaking treatment;

when the fries are shrimp fries, 5 ten thousand fries of shrimp fries are put in each cultivation water tank, and oxygenation is carried out through an aeration pipe 2 hours before the fries are put in.

9. The method for breeding by adopting the microcirculation ecological planting and breeding symbiotic system according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S3, when the fries are fingerlings, the feed starts to feed after the fingerlings are put in place and are adapted, wherein the feed adopts floating pellet feed, and the feed is special expanded feed with the protein content of 35-42% and the fat content of 7-9% or other expanded feeds with similar nutrition; the feeding amount is 4% -8% of the weight of the fish body, the feeding times are 2-3 times per day, the feeding amount is timely adjusted according to weather, water quality change and the movable feeding condition of the fish, the feeding amount is more when the weather is clear, the water quality is good, the feeding is more when the feeding is vigorous, the feeding is reduced when the water quality is worsened, and the feeding specification is timely adjusted according to the size of the fish body;

when the fries are shrimp fries, starting feeding the feed the next day after stocking, feeding the powdery feed in the first 5 days, wherein the protein content is above 45%, the feeding amount is 20 g per ten thousands of fries per day, and feeding is performed for 4 times; 5-15 days, feeding 100-250 g of feed with the protein content of 42% -45% into the prawns every ten thousand prawns every day, and feeding 3 times; feeding feed with the protein content of 38% -42% for 15-30 days, wherein the feeding amount of the feed is 250-500 g each day, and the feed can be fed twice in the morning and evening; feeding feed with the protein content of 38% -42% for 30-60 days, wherein the feeding amount of the feed is controlled to be 500-2000 g every ten thousands of tails, and the feed is fed twice in the morning and evening; the feed with the protein content of 35% -38% is changed in 60-90 days, the feed feeding amount per day is controlled to be 2-4 kg per ten thousands of tails, and the feed is fed twice in the morning and evening; after 90 days, feeding 35% -38% of feed, wherein the feeding amount of the feed is controlled to be more than 4 kg; the feeding amount of the feed in the prawn culture process is gradually increased, and the specific feeding amount is adjusted in time according to weather, water quality and prawn eating conditions; in the cultivation process, except for closing the oxygenation device when the feed is fed, the oxygenation device is started in other time so as to keep the sufficient dissolved oxygen level of the water body in the cultivation water tank.