CN207070757U - A kind of pond ecological industrialization circulating water cultivation and cleaning system - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a pond eco-industrialized circulating water cultivation and purification system, which divides the pond into a breeding area, a first-level biological purification area, a biological wetland purification area, an ecological purification corridor, an ecological oxidation pond, and a buffer zone; The area includes a plurality of rectangular parallelepiped water tanks vertically side by side; the buffer zone is located at the water inlet end of the breeding area, and the first-level biological purification area is located at the water end of the breeding area. It is separated from the ecological purification corridor by fishing nets; the ecological purification corridor is connected to the ecological oxidation pond through the second ditch, and a water pump is installed at the junction of the ecological purification corridor area and the ecological oxidation pond; the ecological oxidation pond is located on the left side of the breeding area. It is separated from the breeding area and the first-level biological evolution area, and the ecological oxidation pond is separated from the buffer zone by fishing nets. The utility model realizes a centralized high-input, high-output, short-period high-efficiency breeding mode; the tail water of the breeding is ecologically purified, and the whole process is zero-emission.

Description

A pond eco-industrialized circulating aquaculture and purification system

technical field

The utility model belongs to the field of aquaculture and relates to a pond eco-industrialized circulation aquaculture and purification system.

Background technique

The main methods of aquaculture in my country include pond culture, cage culture, large water surface culture, and factory (facility) culture. Existing aquaculture models still have varying degrees of problems in the effective use of water resources, land (water) resources, and feed resources, as well as in resisting environmental impacts and affecting the environment. The extensive growth mode has faced greater challenges. Environmental, policy, social and other pressures urgently require the implementation of necessary changes.

Problems in pond culture:

(1) Lack of fine breeds

At present, most aquaculture species are wild types that have not undergone genetic improvement through the process of domestication, and have strong adaptability to changes in environmental temperature, etc., but more often show poor adaptability to changes in the aquaculture environment, such as density changes, nutritional conditions, pathogens, etc. encroachment and deterioration of the water environment, etc. The scale and benefit of breeding are uncontrollable.

(2) The environmental load of fishery waters has intensified

The ecological environment of my country's fishery is deteriorating day by day. On the one hand, a large amount of industrial and agricultural sewage rich in organic matter, inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus, and organic pesticides enters the aquaculture waters, resulting in the deterioration of aquaculture water quality and seriously affecting the survival and growth of aquaculture species; on the other hand, with the With the intensification of the aquaculture industry deepening, a large amount of surplus bait and excrement of aquatic animals have also accelerated the source of water pollution. At the same time, the aquaculture water body with intensified eutrophication needs to be replaced with new water, and the tail water needs to be discharged, which not only wastes precious fresh water resources, but also increases the environmental burden on surrounding lakes, rivers and other waters.

At present, the existing industrial farming in China is mainly suitable for industrial farming, relying on a large amount of infrastructure construction, high investment and high risk, high operating costs, high tail water purification costs, and has not been effectively combined with large-scale pond farming.

The development trend of social industrialization and the development level of the world's advanced breeding models indicate that pond ecological industrialized recirculating aquaculture will be an important model of aquaculture in the future, with the core feature of recycling water after purification, saving electricity, water, and land. Achieving a balanced listing of aquatic products and aquaculture tail water discharge up to standard or even zero discharge are in line with the current national strategic needs of circular economy, energy conservation and emission reduction, and transformation of economic growth mode.

Utility model content

The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of pond ecological industrialization circulation aquaculture and purification system for the deficiency of the existing aquaculture mode, adopt industrialization circulation aquaculture and ecological purification mode, on the basis of high-density and high-efficiency aquaculture for the production process Water quality, water temperature, bait, epidemic prevention, sewage suction, sorting, catching, tail water treatment and other links are quantitatively controlled manually, so that the cultured species can achieve the fastest production speed in the best environment, so that the production per unit area of water Improve the quality without deteriorating. In the purified water area, ecological engineering methods are used to match aquatic economic animals and plants to achieve the unity of environmental benefits and economic benefits, and to achieve water quality standards in the breeding production process and zero discharge of breeding water.

The purpose of this utility model is achieved by the following technical solutions:

A pond eco-industrialized circulating aquaculture and purification system, which divides the pond into a breeding area, a first-level biological purification area, a biological wetland purification area, an ecological purification corridor, an ecological oxidation pond, and a buffer zone; the buffer zone is located at At the water inlet end of the breeding area, the first-level biological purification area is located at the water outlet end of the breeding area. The first-level biological purification area communicates with the biological wetland purification area through the first ditch, and the left water outlet of the biological wetland purification area communicates with the ecological purification corridor. The biological wetland The purification area and the ecological purification corridor are separated by fishing nets; the ecological purification corridor communicates with the ecological oxidation pond through the second ditch, and a water pump is installed at the junction of the ecological purification corridor area and the ecological oxidation pond, through which the water flows from the ecological The purification corridor flows into the ecological oxidation pond; the ecological oxidation pond is located on the left side of the breeding area. The ecological oxidation pond is separated from the breeding area and the first-level biological evolution area by color steel plates. The ecological oxidation pond and the buffer zone are separated by fishing nets to ensure water Enter the buffer zone from the ecological oxidation pond.

The breeding area includes a plurality of rectangular parallelepiped water tanks vertically side by side; each water tank includes a basic frame, and polyethylene canvas is laid on the bottom surface and the left and right sides of the basic frame, and grids are arranged on the front and rear two sides of the basic frame. The double function of unimpeded water flow in the tank and the net; the grid is a stainless steel wire grid or grid plate, preferably a stainless steel wire grid, with a mesh size of 1.5*1.5cm, and the rear side of the tank is provided with a sewage outlet. 10cm below the bottom of the sink.

On the outside of the water inlet of each tank (the water inlet is the grid on the front side of the tank), there is a submersible water pushing aerator, which pushes the water to flow through the front grid into the longitudinal flow of the tank through the submersible water pushing aerator, and increases the The role of dissolved oxygen; a baffle is set 50cm away from the bottom of the water tank outside the water inlet of the water tank. The height of the baffle is 50cm and the same width as the water tank to prevent backwater at the water inlet of the tank. At the bottom of each tank, there are multiple bottom aeration pans at equal intervals for microporous aeration. The bottom aeration pans are connected to the blower through the air distribution pipe system, and a three-way valve is installed on the air intake pipe of each bottom aeration pan. , used to control the volume of ventilation. The diameter of the aeration disc is 60cm. By adjusting the diameter of the aeration disc, the radius of the oxygenation area obtained by the water body is appropriately increased, which is more conducive to the balance of dissolved oxygen in the whole tank. The air distribution pipe system includes the air distribution main pipe connected to the outlet of the blower, the water distribution branch pipe corresponding to each water tank, the air inlet pipe connecting the air distribution branch pipe and the bottom aeration pan, and the air distribution branch pipes are arranged in parallel on the left side of the corresponding water tank along. Preferably, five bottom aeration pans are equidistantly arranged at the bottom of each water tank. The power supply and pipelines of the submersible push water aerator and the blower are juxtaposed separately to prevent accidents. The power of the submersible push water aerator is 2.2KW, the daily operation time is 22 hours, and the machine stops for 1 hour at 10:00-11:00 and 15:00-16:00 respectively. The blower power is 3KW, and the start-up time is from 18:00 to 8:00 the next day to increase oxygen in micropores. According to the season and weather, properly adjust the start-up time of the submersible push water aerator and blower, take water quality and dissolved oxygen as the first premise, and take into account the economic cost. Dissolved oxygen is 6-7mg/L.

The sink aspect ratio is 5:1. Specifically, the size of the water tank is: 20m*4m, and the upper edge of the water tank is equal to the ridge of the pond. Corridors are respectively arranged between the adjacent water tanks, the tank near the pond ridge and the pond ridge.

The basic frame of the water tank is made of stainless steel chrome-iron gas welding connection, and the bottom of the basic frame is fixed on the bottom of the pond.

Comprehensive consideration of the construction cost of the sink: brick wall concrete structure (construction cost, 700 yuan/m ² ), stainless steel material (construction cost, 1,000 yuan/m ² ), polyethylene canvas material (construction cost, 400 yuan/m ² ), Eco-environmental protection features, post-maintenance and convenience of layout adjustment, the choice of polyethylene canvas material has the lowest cost, and the layout size can be adjusted according to the life and growth characteristics of the cultured species.

There is a bait feeder at the front of each water tank, a fan-shaped baffle in front of the bait outlet of the bait feeder, and a rectangular baffle above the fan-shaped baffle, so that the feed can be accurately delivered to the inside of the water tank from the outlet below, preventing the bait feeder from Throwing feed out of the tank leads to waste.

A disinfection hanging bag is hung on the front section of the water tank.

The pond ecological industrialization circulating aquaculture and purification system described in the utility model also includes a sewage suction and sewage system, and the sewage suction and sewage system includes a sewage collection tank, a sewage suction pipe, a sewage collection well, a sewage pump, a sewage pipe, and sludge sedimentation Pond; The described dirt collection tank is positioned at the rear end of the breeding area (i.e. the tank rear grid) and is used to collect residual bait excrement. The dirt collection tank is 50cm wide, and the bottom of the dirt collection tank is 30cm lower than the bottom of the tank. The front end of the tank is connected to the sewage outlet of the sink, and the tail end of the sewage collection tank is equipped with a 80cm high retaining wall, which can be effectively used for the interception and collection of solid waste in the tank, and prevent the external pond silt from being sucked into the sewage collection tank; in the sewage collection tank Corresponding to each sink, there is a sewage suction port. The sewage suction port is connected to the sewage suction pipe at the bottom of the sewage collection tank. The sewage collection tank is connected to the sewage collection well through the sewage suction pipe. Control sewage suction, blowdown; Described sewage collection well is cuboid deep well, and the bottom of sewage collection well is lower than tank bottom 2m, and after sewage pump is opened, forms natural pressure to suck back, and waste (residual bait and excrement) at the bottom of water tank is passed through The sewage suction pipe is discharged into the sewage collection well; the sewage collection well is connected to the solid waste sedimentation tank through the sewage discharge pipe. The solid waste sedimentation tank is located in the ecological wetland purification area, and there is a ridge filled with pebbles around the solid waste sedimentation tank. The ridge width is 50cm, which acts as a filter, and puts snails (square ring snails, 1-1.5kg/m ² ) in the solid waste sedimentation tank to form a benthic biological purification layer.

The bottom of the sewage collection well is 1.5m*1.5m square, and the depth is 5m. The sewage collection well is a brick-concrete structure, and the bottom is paved with 20cm thick gravel and 10cm thick pebbles in order from bottom to top to play the role of sedimentation and filtration. There is a rainproof cover on the top of the sewage collection well to prevent rainwater, leaves and other sundries from entering the sewage collection well, so as to prevent the control panel from being damaged by rain. The rainproof cover is an aluminum alloy "hat-shaped" cover. The solid waste sedimentation tank is 5m long, 4m wide, and 1.8m deep.

According to the difference in pond water level, water pressure and the amount of residual bait and sundries, adjust the power of the sewage pump to avoid blocking the sewage suction and sewage system. The power of the sewage pump is 4KW, the flow rate is 80m ³ /h, the head is 20m, the discharge port diameter/suction port diameter is 100mm/15mm, and the pump body is corrosion-resistant.

Avoid the high temperature season, and put 300-500 tilapias/mu in the first-level biological purification zone, with a size of 10-12 fish/catties, and use the residual bait discharged from the tilapia feeding tank.

From March 20th to April 10th, snails (square ring snails, 1-1.5kg/m ² ) and river mussels (triangular snails and wrinkled crown mussels, 5 pcs/m ² ) were released in the biological wetland purification area. In the biological wetland purification area, a plurality of fishing nets are erected obliquely to form a three-dimensional purification area for benthic organisms. The fishing nets are erected on a support formed by stainless steel chromium-iron gas welding connections, and the living space of benthic organisms is increased through fishing nets, increasing water interception and purification. Effective area. Multiple rows of floating ring belts are set on the water surface of the biological wetland purification area, and each row of floating ring belts is provided with floating rings at intervals of 1 meter for planting floating plants to form phytoplankton belts, and the floating rings on each row of floating ring belts are connected by floating ropes , the distance between two adjacent rows of floating ring belts is 6 meters. A three-dimensional biological wetland purification area is constructed by using indigenous benthic organisms and floating plants. The tail water of the breeding area contains high-concentration solid waste (residual bait, excrement, etc.), mainly organic nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients, which enter the solid waste sedimentation tank of the sewage suction and sewage system, and enter the biological wetland purification area after being filtered by pebbles. Nitrogen and phosphorus are excellent natural bait for benthic snails and mussels, which can not only purify but also promote the growth of benthic economic organisms.

The ecological purification corridor is provided with a plurality of emergent plant belts, and the adjacent emergent plant belts are staggered to form an "S" shaped corridor to increase the length of the water flow channel and increase the water purification time; A floating plant area is provided in the emergent plant belt area, and a revetment purification area is provided around the revetment of the pond revetment in the ecological purification corridor. Cover aquatic product species in the ecological purification corridor: green shrimp 10 kg/mu, river crab (50/jin) 200/mu, mandarin fish 5-10/mu (wild miscellaneous fish control).

The bottom of the emergent plant belt includes a fence of color steel tiles and emergent plants planted in the fence. The depth of the bottom of the fence is 50 cm, and the fence is used to prevent the lotus root from growing wildly in the pond. The described emergent plant belt is 22 meters long and 3 meters wide. Described emergent plant is lotus root. Preferably, the ecological purification corridor is provided with 3 belts of emergent plants.

The floating plant area includes a floating frame for planting floating plants and floating plants to construct a growth space for aquatic economic plants, and the area of the floating plant area accounts for 0.5-1% of the area of the ecological purification corridor; the floating frame includes The frame made of PVC pipe, the fishing net laid on the frame, two PVC pipes are arranged along the length direction of the floating frame to improve the stability of the floating frame, and the floating frame is divided into 3 equal-area squares. Frame specification: length*width=6m*1m.

The floating plant described in the utility model is water spinach, the planting time is May, the growth time is May-November (the growth purification time is relatively consistent with the high-speed growth time of fish body), and the plant growth season is from June to September, every 15-20 days Harvesting water spinach once can not only increase economic output but also effectively prevent plants from growing wildly and "closing the pond".

The revetment purification area is composed of 3 rows of wild rice stems planted around the slope revetment of the pond, and the distance between two adjacent rows of wild rice stems is 2 meters, which plays the role of slope protection, and when the water level changes, it can deeply purify, beautify the environment, and increase economic output per unit area. role.

The bottom of the ecological oxidation pond is provided with a bottom biological purification layer, and the upper water surface is provided with a three-dimensional clam purification layer. The bottom biological purification layer is composed of 0.5-1.kg/m ² snails. The three-dimensional mussel purification layer includes multiple rows of mussel suspension belts arranged at intervals of 3 meters, and three layers of mesh bags are suspended at intervals of 1 meter for hanging mussels. The distance between two adjacent layers of mesh bags is 10-15 centimeters, each Hang 3 mussels in the net bag. The net bag can be fixed by the floating ring or directly tied to the floating rope. River mussels choose triangular sail mussels. Put 5 mandarin fishes/mu, 100 river crabs/mu, and 10 catties/mu green shrimp in the ecological oxidation pond. The ecological oxidation pond is mainly used to further purify and stabilize the buffer culture water quality, properly cultivate plankton, and facilitate the biological disease prevention of tank culture water.

The area of the buffer zone is 30-50m ² , no organisms are planted, the natural water surface state is maintained, plankton is cultivated in an appropriate amount, photosynthesis is enhanced, and the dissolved oxygen content of the water body is increased.

The water pump has a power of 3KW and a flow rate of 80m ³ /h. Spring: start every 12 hours, stop for 6 hours, run for 6 hours; summer: start every 8 hours, stop for 2 hours, run for 6 hours; autumn: start every 8 hours, stop for 2 hours, run for 6 hours .

In the pond ecological industrialization circulating aquaculture and purification system of the utility model, the kinetic energy is mainly provided by the water pump, supplemented by the function provided by the submersible water pushing aerator, which improves the flow purification efficiency and achieves "flowing water does not rot", and realizes the water body in the high-efficiency breeding area, The four functional areas of biological wetland purification area, ecological purification corridor, and ecological oxidation pond circulate and flow to complete the purification of aquaculture tail water.

Based on the utility model system, the pond ecological industrialization circulating water culture and purification method is realized, including:

(1) Put fish species in the water tank in the breeding area; put tilapia in the first-level biological purification area; put snails and river mussels in the biological wetland purification area, and set up floating rings on the water surface to plant water spinach; Steel tile fence, lotus roots are planted in the fence to form multiple emergent plant belts, adjacent emergent plant belts are arranged in a staggered manner to form an "S" shaped corridor, and floating plants are set in the non-emergent plant belt area of the ecological purification corridor. Plant water spinach in frames to form a floating plant area, and plant 3 rows of water bamboo around the slope protection revetment of the pond to form a revetment purification area, and raise green shrimp, river crab, and mandarin fish; put snails in the ecological oxidation pond to form a bottom biological purification layer, and the upper water surface is set at an interval of 3 meters Mussel suspension belt, each row is suspended with three layers of mesh bags at an interval of 1 meter for hanging mussels, the distance between two adjacent layers of mesh bags is 10-15 cm, and each mesh bag hangs 3 river mussels to form the upper biological purification layer, and Add mandarin fish, river crab and freshwater shrimp;

(2) Daily management: The daily running time of the water pusher is 22 hours, and it is shut down for 1 hour at 10:00-11:00 and 15:00-16:00 respectively to push the water to flow longitudinally in the tank; the blower runs for 18:00: 00-8:00 the next day, maintain the dissolved oxygen in the water tank at 6-7mg/L; feed 32% protein puffed floating feed in the breeding area; turn on the sewage pump every day to discharge the water tank, and the waste at the bottom of the tank goes through the sewage collection tank, The sewage collection well is discharged to the solid waste sedimentation tank; the regular disinfection method of "using iodine at low temperature and chlorine at high temperature" is adopted;

(3): Tail water circulation and purification in the breeding area: Kinetic energy is provided by the water pump and the submersible water pushing aerator, the tail water in the breeding area enters the first-level biological purification area, and the residual bait in the tail water is fed by tilapia, and the tail water enters the biological wetland purification area , merged with the water filtered by the ridge of the solid waste sedimentation tank, and purified by snails, mussels and floating plants to reduce the content of organic nitrogen and phosphorus in the water; the water enters the ecological purification corridor and passes through the aquatic plants and animals in the ecological purification corridor. It enters the ecological oxidation pond for further purification, stabilizes the buffer culture water quality, and finally re-enters the culture area through the buffer zone.

specific:

Breeding area: In April, put fish species in each tank, the fish species are channel catfish, specification: 30-200g/tail, 1000-10500 fish, mandarin fish can be mixed;

First-level biological purification area: in early May, put tilapia, 300-500 fish per mu, 10-12 fish/catties;

Biological wetland purification area: from January to March, 5 mussels/m2 are released; from late March to early April, snails are released at a rate of ^1-1.5kg / ^m2 , and fishing nets are set up to form a three-dimensional purification area for benthic organisms ;In May, set up a floating ring on the water surface of the biological wetland purification area, and plant water spinach;

Ecological purification corridor: From March to April, lotus roots are planted in the color steel tile enclosure to form multiple emergent plant belts, and the adjacent emergent plant belts are arranged in a staggered manner to form an "S" shaped corridor, and surround the pond slope revetment revetment Plant 3 rows of asparagus to form a revetment purification area, and raise aquatic products in the ecological purification corridor: freshwater shrimp 10 kg/mu, river crab (50/catties) 200/mu, mandarin fish 5-10/mu; In May, set up floating frames in the non-emergent plant belt area of the ecological purification corridor, and plant water spinach;

Ecological oxidation pond: From January to March, mussel suspension belts are set at an interval of 3 meters on the upper water surface, and three layers of mesh bags are hung at an interval of 1 meter for hanging mussels. The distance between two adjacent layers of mesh bags is 10-15 cm. Hang 3 mussels in net bags to form the upper biological purification layer; from late March to early April, put ^0.5-1kg /m2 snails to form the bottom biological purification layer, and put 5 mandarin fishes/mu and 100 river crabs/mu , Green shrimp 10 kg/mu.

Feed management: Feeding extruded floating feed; feeding twice a day, pm10:00, am15:00, each feeding interval is 5s, and the duration is 10min. It is gradually adjusted according to the weather, feeding intensity and fish load. The amount of a single feeding is taken as most of the fish stop feeding and only a small amount of fish are left to eat. In the later stage, with the growth of the fish body, the output of the tank increases, and the feeding frequency and daily feeding amount gradually increase, feeding once every 2-4 hours.

Regular disinfection: The disinfection method of "using iodine for low temperature and chlorine for high temperature" is: when the water temperature is lower than 20 degrees, disinfect with high iodine once every 10-15 days; when the water temperature is higher than 20 degrees, hang a hanging bag in the front of the sink, Put chlorine dioxide in the hanging bag, and disinfect it with chlorine dioxide every 10-15 days.

Harvesting cash crops: Harvest water spinach every 15-20 days from June to September.

The beneficial effects of the utility model:

The system of the utility model has both economic benefits and environmental benefits, realizes placing the cultured fish species in the water tank, utilizing oxygenation and promoting water circulation, and realizes a centralized high-input, high-output, short-period high-efficiency culture mode; the culture tail water After ecological purification of ponds, zero emissions throughout the whole process, and through certain technological integration innovations and equipment system development, the benefits of pond farming can reach the effect of factoryization, and the risk and investment of farming are kept at a low level, which can effectively combine the current large-scale pond farming across the country. , to achieve a win-win situation of breeding economic benefits and environmental benefits.

The specific performance is:

(1) Reduced the cost of tail water circulation and purification: Utilizing the natural ecosystem, the primary goal is to purify the tail water in high-density breeding areas, and realize the "flowing water cycle" between the high-efficiency breeding area and the purification area through the kinetic energy of oxygenation, so as to achieve To "running water does not rot", the breeding tail water realizes the recycling and regeneration of breeding waste through the carefully and scientifically set purification area, and the water quality in the breeding area reaches the first-class standard of fish farming; the solid excretion of the tail water is the aquatic economic plants, The growth of animals provides abundant fertilizer and bait resources, and at the same time of purification, it is matched with interplanting (raising) suitable aquatic economic animals, plants, and benthos species to generate economic benefits;

(2) Reduced the input of pure factory farming: combined with earthen ponds and local conditions, this set of circulating water farming mode composed of industrial tank high-efficiency farming and auxiliary purification system has the advantages of easy manual control, land saving, water saving and labor demand. Less, high productivity, easy to catch products and balanced listing and other advantages.

(3), the yield per mu of conventional pond culture is generally about 1000kg, and the maximum yield per square meter of the breeding area of the utility model can be 50-100kg, and the whole process of breeding tail water is zero-discharged while increasing the aquatic product yield per unit area.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the utility model pond eco-industrialization recirculating aquaculture and purification system;

In Figure 1, 1-breeding area, 2-first-level biological purification area, 3-biological wetland purification area, 4-ecological purification corridor, 5-ecological oxidation pond, 6-buffer zone, 7-first ditch, 8- The second ditch, 9-water tank, 10-collection tank, emergent plant belt, 11-river hanging belt.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions of the present utility model will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

In the Pukou base of Jiangsu Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute, a set of pond ecological industrialization circulating aquaculture and purification system has been built. As shown in Figure 1, the system divides the pond into a breeding area 1, a first-level biological purification area 2, a biological wetland purification area 3, an ecological purification corridor 4, an ecological oxidation pond 5, and a buffer zone 6; the breeding area 1 includes 4 longitudinal Side-by-side rectangular parallelepiped tanks 9; the buffer zone 6 is located at the water inlet of the aquaculture area 1, and the first-level biological purification area 2 is located at the water outlet of the aquaculture area 1; the first-level biological purification area 2 and the biological wetland purification area 3 are separated by a pond ridge , communicated through the first ditch 7; the left water outlet of the biological wetland purification area 3 communicates with the ecological purification corridor 4, and the biological wetland purification area 3 and the ecological purification corridor 4 are separated by fishing nets; the ecological purification corridor 4 is connected to the ecological purification corridor 4 The ecological oxidation ponds 5 are separated by pond ridges and communicated through the second ditch. A water pump is installed at the junction of the ecological purification corridor 4 and the ecological oxidation pond 5, and the water flows from the ecological purification corridor 4 into the ecological oxidation through the water pump. Pond 5; the ecological oxidation pond 5 is located on the left side of the breeding area 1, the ecological oxidation pond 5 is separated from the breeding area 1 and the first-level biological evolution area 2 by color steel plates, and the ecological oxidation pond 5 and the buffer zone 6 are separated by fishing nets Open to ensure that water enters the buffer zone from the ecological oxidation pond; the pond ecological industrialization circulating aquaculture and purification system is equipped with a sewage suction and sewage system, and the sewage suction and sewage system includes a sewage collection tank 10, a sewage suction pipe, a sewage collection well, a sewage pump, a sewage pipe, Silt sedimentation pond; Sludge collection tank 10 is positioned at the rear end outside of breeding area and is used to collect residual bait excrement, and the dirt collection tank 10 is wide 50cm, and the bottom is lower than the tank bottom 30cm, and the front end of the sewage collection tank 10 communicates with the sewage outlet of tank 9, The tail end is equipped with a 80cm high retaining wall, the height of which can effectively complete the interception and collection of solid waste in the sink, and prevent the external pond silt from being sucked into the sewage collection tank; in the sewage collection tank 10, a sewage suction is set corresponding to each water tank 9 The sewage suction port is connected with the sewage suction pipe at the bottom of the sewage collection tank 10, and the outlet of the sewage suction pipe is connected with the sewage collection well located on the ridge of the pond. Each sewage suction port is provided with a plug-and-pull PVC pipe for controlling Sewage suction and sewage discharge, realizing sewage drainage of a single tank; the sewage collection well is a deep well with a cuboid brick-concrete structure, the bottom is 2m below the bottom of the tank, it is 1.5m*1.5m square, and the depth is 5m. The bottom is paved with 20cm thick gravel from bottom to top , 10cm thick pebbles, and an aluminum alloy "hat-shaped" rainproof cover is installed on the top of the sewage collection well. The sewage collection well is connected to the solid waste sedimentation tank through the sewage pipe. The solid waste sedimentation tank is located in the ecological wetland purification area. Around the solid waste sedimentation tank, there is a ridge filled with pebbles. The width of the ridge is 50cm, which acts as a filter. The power of the sewage pump is more than 4KW, the flow rate is 80m ³ /h, the head is more than 20m, the discharge port diameter/suction port diameter is 100mm/15mm, and the pump body is corrosion-resistant. After the sewage pump is turned on, the waste at the bottom of the suction tank forms a natural pressure and enters the sewage collection tank 10, is discharged into the sewage collection well through the sewage suction pipe, and is discharged into the solid waste sedimentation tank through the sewage discharge pipe, and the solid waste sedimentation tank is put into snails (square ring edge Snails, 1-1.5kg/m ² ) form a benthic biological purification layer, which enters the biological wetland purification area through the cobblestone ridge after being treated by benthic organisms.

A single water tank is 4m*20m=80m ² , there are 4 water tanks in total, and the high-efficiency breeding area is 320m ² . The upper edge of the water tank is equal to the pond ridge of the pond, and corridors are arranged between adjacent water tanks, and between the water tank near the pond ridge and the pond ridge of the pond. Each tank consists of a basic frame made of stainless steel chromium-iron gas-welded connections. The bottom of the basic frame is fixed at the bottom of the pond. Polyethylene canvas is laid on the bottom and left and right sides of the basic frame, and stainless steel is installed on the front and rear sides of the basic frame. Steel wire grid, mesh 1.5*1.5cm. The rear side of the water tank is provided with a sewage outlet, and the sewage outlet is 10cm lower than the bottom of the water tank. On the outside of the water inlet of each water tank 9, a submersible water aerator is installed, and the water is pushed through the front side grid to enter the longitudinal flow of the water tank through the submersible water aerator; the water inlet outside of the water tank 9 is set at a distance of 50 cm from the bottom of the water tank. The baffle is 50cm high and as wide as the sink to prevent backwater at the water inlet of the sink. At the bottom of each tank, there are 5 bottom aeration pans with a diameter of 60cm at equal intervals. Ventilation size. The power supply and the pipeline of the submersible push water aerator and blower are arranged side by side separately. The power of the submersible push water aerator is 2.2KW, the daily operation time is 22 hours, and the machine stops for 1 hour at 10:00-11:00 and 15:00-16:00 respectively. The blower power is 3KW, and the start-up time is from 18:00 to 8:00 the next day to increase oxygen in micropores. The dissolved oxygen in the water is maintained at 6-7mg/L through the water pusher pushing the water to increase the oxygen and the bottom aeration plate to increase the oxygen. A bait feeder is provided at the front end of each water tank, a fan-shaped baffle is provided in front of the bait outlet of the bait feeder, and a rectangular baffle is arranged above the fan-shaped baffle. The front section of the water tank is provided with a disinfection hanging bag for hanging chlorine dioxide during high-temperature disinfection.

In the biological wetland purification area 3, a plurality of fishing nets are erected obliquely to form a three-dimensional purification area for benthic organisms; multiple rows of floating ring belts are set on the water surface of the biological wetland purification area, and the distance between two adjacent rows of floating ring belts is 6 meters, and the distance between each row of floating ring belts The 1 meter floating ring is used to plant floating plants to form a phytoplankton belt, and the floating rings on each row of floating ring belts are connected by floating ropes.

The ecological purification corridor 4 is equipped with 3 color steel tile fences, and lotus roots are planted in the fence to form an emergent plant belt. The emergent plant belt is 22 meters long and 3 meters wide. The adjacent emergent plant belts are staggered to form a "S" shaped corridor; float 3 rows of floating frames in the non-emergent plant belt area, the specification of each row of floating frames is length*width=6m*1m, set two PVC pipes along the length direction of the floating frame, and lay framed fishing nets Water spinach is planted to form a floating plant area with an area of 18m ² ; 3 rows of wild rice stems planted around the slope revetment of the pond constitute a revetment purification zone, and the distance between two adjacent rows of wild rice stems is 2 meters. Green shrimp, river crab and mandarin fish are raised in sets.

Add 0.5-1.kg/m ² snails to the bottom of the ecological oxidation pond 5 to form the bottom biological purification layer. A three-dimensional mussel purification layer is provided on the upper water surface. The three-dimensional mussel purification layer includes multi-row clam suspension belts arranged at intervals of 3 meters , three layers of net bags are hung at an interval of 1 meter in each row, and the distance between two adjacent layers of net bags is 10-15 cm, and three river mussels (triangle clam) are hung in each net bag. Put mandarin fish, river crab, green shrimp.

Put fish species in the tank of the breeding area; put tilapia in the first-level biological purification area; put snails and river mussels in the biological wetland purification area, and set up floating rings on the water surface to plant spinach; in the ecological purification corridor color steel tile enclosure , lotus roots are planted in the enclosure to form multiple emergent plant belts, and adjacent emergent plant belts are arranged in a staggered manner to form an "S"-shaped corridor. Floating frames are planted in the non-emergent plant belt area of the ecological purification corridor to form water spinach Floating plant area, and plant 3 rows of wild rice stems around the slope revetment of the pond to form a revetment purification area, and raise freshwater shrimps, river crabs, and mandarin fish; put snails in the ecological oxidation pond to form a bottom biological purification layer, and set up river clam suspension belts at an interval of 3 meters on the upper water surface , three layers of mesh bags are hung at intervals of 1 meter for hanging mussels, the distance between two adjacent layers of mesh bags is 10-15 cm, and 3 river mussels are hung in each mesh bag to form the upper biological purification layer, and mandarin fish, River crab, freshwater shrimp.

The daily running time of the water pusher is 22 hours, and it is shut down for 1 hour respectively from 10:00-11:00 and 15:00-16:00 to push the water to flow longitudinally in the tank; the blower runs from 18:00 to 8:00 the next day, Maintain the dissolved oxygen in the tank at 6-7mg/L; feed 32% protein puffed floating feed in the breeding area; turn on the sewage pump every day to drain the tank, and the waste at the bottom of the tank is discharged to solid waste through the sewage collection tank and sewage collection well Sedimentation tank; the regular disinfection method of "using iodine at low temperature and chlorine at high temperature" is adopted; the power of the water pump is 3KW, and the flow rate reaches 80m ³ /h. Turn on once every 8 hours, shut down for 2 hours, and run for 6 hours; in autumn: turn on once every 8 hours, shut down for 2 hours, and run for 6 hours.

Circulation and purification of tail water in aquaculture area: Kinetic energy is provided by water pumps and submersible water pushing aerators. The tail water in the aquaculture area enters the first-level biological purification area, and the residual bait in the tail water is eaten by tilapias. The water filtered and treated by the ridge of the waste sedimentation tank is combined and purified by snails, river mussels and floating plants to reduce the content of organic nitrogen and phosphorus in the water; the water enters the ecological purification corridor and undergoes double purification of aquatic animals and plants in the ecological purification corridor , enter the ecological oxidation pond to further purify and stabilize the buffer culture water quality, and finally re-enter the culture area through the buffer zone.

1. Delivery status of each functional unit:

High-efficiency breeding area 1 is stocked with channel catfish, puffed floating feed with 32% protein in the whole process, once a year, and the breeding cycle is from April to November.

The number of mantissas put in the No. 1 tank: 1000 fish, specification: 200g, 100 mixed grass carp, specification 150g;

The mantissa of No. 2 sink: 10500 tails, specification: 31.3g;

The mantissa of No. 3 sink: 13500 tails, specification: 31.3g;

The mantissa of No. 4 water tank: mantissa: 1000 fish, specification: 200g, mixed mandarin fish 1000 fish.

First-level biological purification zone 2: In early May, when the water temperature (daytime average surface water temperature) is above 22 degrees, put tilapia at 300-500 fish/mu, and the size is 10-12 fish/catties.

The area of biological wetland purification area is 500m ² , including 20m ² of solid waste sedimentation tank; from March 20th to April 10th, snails are put in at ^1-1.5kg /m2, and mussels are put in at ⁵ /m2; in May, Plant water spinach in floating circles on the water surface.

The ecological purification corridor is 4.5 mu, planting lotus root, water spinach, water bamboo, mandarin fish, green shrimp, and river crab; from March to April, planting lotus root and water bamboo, and adding aquatic products: green shrimp 10 kg/mu, river crab and crab species (Specification 50/catties) 200/mu, 5-10 mandarin fish/mu; in May, water spinach is planted in the floating frame.

The ecological oxidation pond is 7 mu, and river mussels are hung from January to March; from March 20 to April 10, 0.5-1kg/m ² of snails are put in, and 5 mandarin fishes/mu, 100 river crabs/mu, and freshwater shrimp are put in at the same time. 10 kg/mu.

2. Basic situation and output of breeding:

Regular growth measurement on the 10th of each month, full length, weight, and fish meat quality analysis; during the breeding process, the water quality and bait management are appropriate, and the fish are more active than conventional fish ponds, showing a "sporty" body shape, good quality, and basically no disease throughout the year occur.

Annual output of supporting areas: conventional fish (tilapia, mandarin fish, silver carp, bream, wild small miscellaneous fish) 110 jin/mu, freshwater shrimp 20 jin/mu, lobster 30 jin/mu; water bamboo: 200 jin , 600 catties of lotus root, 2000 catties of water spinach.

The output of the high-efficiency breeding area is shown in Table 1 below:

Table 1. Input and output details of channel catfish cultured in tanks

Table 2. Input and output details of the ecological supporting area

Note: The principle of utilization of ecological supporting areas (including first-level biological purification areas, biological wetland purification areas, ecological purification corridors, and ecological oxidation ponds): on the premise of purifying the tail water of industrialized breeding in ponds, select economic aquatic animals (green shrimp, small lobster, tilapia, silver carp, bream, etc.), aquatic plants, and benthic organisms to build a three-dimensional ecological purification zone to improve economic and environmental benefits.

Total economic benefit analysis:

Total physical and chemical investment: 95,260 yuan for industrialized water tanks (No. 1-3 water tanks), 5,620 yuan for ecological supporting areas, and 100,880 yuan for total physical and chemical investment, and an additional labor cost of 20,000 yuan is required;

The total output is 164,917 yuan for the sink, 44,250 yuan for the ecological supporting area, and the total output value is 209,167 yuan; the actual purification area is 13 mu, the output value per mu is 15,493 yuan, and the benefit per mu is 8,021 yuan.

3. Analysis of water purification effect:

Water samples were regularly tested 3 times a month. The water sample at No. 1 point is the water sample treated by the ecological oxidation pond, the water sample at No. 2 point is the water sample in the tank of the breeding area, the water sample at No. The water sample is the water sample treated by the biological wetland purification area, and the water sample at point 5 is the water sample treated by the ecological purification corridor.

The analysis shows that: with the increase of fish load, the total nitrogen and total phosphorus of the water body show an increasing trend; the water samples (No. Other points. The seasonal variation trend of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the whole circulating water body is consistent. The total nitrogen in the breeding area is in the 4th category of water standard (surface water environmental quality standard GB3838-2002), and after comprehensive purification of aquatic animals and plants, it quickly reaches the 2nd category of water standard. After purification, the total phosphorus reaches Class 3 standard (nearly Class 2). Both nitrite nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen have the highest content in high-density aquaculture tanks. Due to the large flow of water and the purification effect of aquatic animals and plants at other sampling points, the corresponding concentrations are rapidly diluted and decreased. Nitrite nitrogen at point 2 is basically twice that of point 1, maintaining a relatively safe level. It shows that the system of the utility model can effectively and directly reduce the degree of eutrophication in the tail water of the high-density breeding area in situ, reaching the standard of nearly Class 2 water, and zero tail water discharge in the whole production process. It not only effectively improves the breeding efficiency and breeding quality compared with conventional farming, but also effectively realizes the self-purification and recycling of tail water, realizing water saving and zero discharge.

Claims (10)

1. A pond eco-industrialization circulating water culture and purification system is characterized in that the system divides the pond into a breeding area, a first-level biological purification area, a biological wetland purification area, an ecological purification corridor, an ecological oxidation pond, and a buffer zone; The aquaculture area described above includes a plurality of rectangular parallelepiped water tanks arranged vertically; the buffer zone is located at the water inlet of the aquaculture area, and the first-level biological purification area is located at the water outlet of the aquaculture area, and the first-level biological purification area passes through the first ditch and the biological wetland purification area The water outlet on the left side of the biological wetland purification area is connected to the ecological purification corridor, and the biological wetland purification area and the ecological purification corridor are separated by fishing nets; the ecological purification corridor is connected to the ecological oxidation pond through the second ditch. A water pump is installed at the junction of the purification corridor area and the ecological oxidation pond, and the water flows from the ecological purification corridor into the ecological oxidation pond through the water pump; the ecological oxidation pond is located on the left side of the breeding area, and the ecological oxidation pond passes through the color steel plate and the breeding area, and the first-level biological evolution The area is separated, and the ecological oxidation pond and the buffer zone are separated by fishing nets to ensure that water enters the buffer zone from the ecological oxidation pond. 2. The pond eco-industrialization circulating aquaculture and purification system according to claim 1 is characterized in that each water tank comprises a basic frame, and polyethylene canvas is laid on the bottom surface and the left and right sides of the basic frame, and the front and rear sides of the basic frame There is a grid on one side; a sewage outlet is provided on the rear side of the tank, and the sewage outlet is 10cm lower than the bottom of the tank. 3. The pond eco-industrialization circulating aquaculture and purification system according to claim 1 is characterized in that a submersible water pushing aerator is provided outside the water inlet of each water tank; the water inlet outside of the water tank is arranged at a distance of 50 cm from the bottom of the water tank The baffle, the baffle is 50cm high, and is as wide as the water tank; there are multiple bottom aeration pans at equal intervals at the bottom of each water tank for microporous aeration, and the bottom aeration pans are connected to the blower through the air distribution pipe system. A three-way valve is provided on the air intake pipe of the bottom aeration pan; a bait feeder is provided at the front end of each tank, a fan-shaped baffle is provided in front of the bait outlet of the bait feeder, and a rectangular baffle is arranged above the fan-shaped baffle. 4. The pond eco-industrialized circulating aquaculture and purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that corridors are respectively arranged between adjacent water tanks, the water tank near the pond ridge and the pond ridge. 5. The pond ecological industrialization circulating aquaculture and purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that the pond ecological industrialization circulating aquaculture and purification system also includes a sewage suction and sewage system, and the described sewage suction and sewage system includes a collection Sewage tanks, sewage suction pipes, sewage collection wells, sewage pumps, sewage pipes, and sludge sedimentation tanks; the sewage collection tanks are located outside the rear end of the breeding area for collecting residual bait excrement, and the sewage collection tanks are 50 cm wide. The bottom of the sewage collection tank is 30cm lower than the bottom of the water tank, the front end of the sewage collection tank is connected to the sewage outlet of the water tank, and the rear end is provided with an 80cm high retaining wall; in the sewage collection tank, there is a sewage suction port corresponding to each water tank, and the sewage suction port is connected to the sewage collection tank. The sewage suction pipe at the bottom of the tank is connected, and the sewage collection tank is connected with the sewage collection well through the sewage suction pipe, and the sewage suction port is provided with a plug-and-play PVC pipe; the sewage collection well is a rectangular parallelepiped deep well, and the bottom of the sewage collection well is low 2m at the bottom of the tank; the sewage collection well is connected to the solid waste sedimentation tank through the sewage pipe. The solid waste sedimentation tank is located in the ecological wetland purification area. The pool is provided with a benthic purification layer. 6. The pond eco-industrialized circulating water culture and purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that the depth of the sewage collection well is 5m, and the bottom is successively paved with 20cm thick gravel and 10cm thick pebbles from bottom to top; at the top of the sewage collection well With rain cover. 7. The pond eco-industrialized circulating aquaculture and purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of fishing nets are erected obliquely in the biological wetland purification area to form a three-dimensional purification area for benthic organisms; Multiple rows of floating ring belts are set on the water surface of the area, and each row of floating ring belts is set with floating rings at intervals of 1 meter for planting floating plants to form phytoplankton belts. 8. The pond eco-industrialized circulating aquaculture and purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that the ecological purification corridor is provided with a plurality of emergent plant bands, and adjacent emergent plant bands are staggered to form a "S "shaped corridor; floating plant areas are set in the non-emergent plant belt area of the ecological purification corridor; revetment purification areas are set around the revetment of the pond slope protection in the ecological purification corridor. 9. The pond eco-industrialization circulating aquaculture and purification system according to claim 8, characterized in that the bottom of the strip of emergent plants comprises a color steel tile enclosure and the emergent plants planted in the enclosure; Emergent strips are 22 meters long and 3 meters wide; The floating plant area includes a floating frame for planting floating plants and floating plants, and the area of the floating plant area accounts for 0.5-1% of the area of the ecological purification corridor; the floating frame includes a frame made of PVC pipes, laying For the fishing net on the frame, two PVC pipes are arranged along the length of the floating frame; The bank revetment purification area is composed of 3 rows of wild rice stems planted around the slope revetment of the pond, and the distance between two adjacent rows of wild rice stems is 2 meters. 10. The pond ecological industrialization circulating aquaculture and purification system according to claim 1 is characterized in that the bottom of the ecological oxidation pond is provided with a bottom biological purification layer, and the upper water surface is provided with a three-dimensional mussel purification layer; The three-dimensional mussel purification layer includes multiple rows of mussel suspension belts arranged at intervals of 3 meters, and three layers of mesh bags are suspended at intervals of 1 meter for hanging mussels. The distance between two adjacent layers of mesh bags is 10-15 centimeters, each Hang 3 mussels in the net bag.