CN115005035A - Microcirculation ecological planting and breeding symbiotic system and method for breeding by adopting same - Google Patents
Microcirculation ecological planting and breeding symbiotic system and method for breeding by adopting same Download PDFInfo
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- CN115005035A CN115005035A CN202210765441.5A CN202210765441A CN115005035A CN 115005035 A CN115005035 A CN 115005035A CN 202210765441 A CN202210765441 A CN 202210765441A CN 115005035 A CN115005035 A CN 115005035A
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F2001/007—Processes including a sedimentation step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/08—Multistage treatments, e.g. repetition of the same process step under different conditions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F7/00—Aeration of stretches of water
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a microcirculation ecological planting and breeding symbiotic system and a method for breeding by adopting the system, and relates to the field of aquaculture. A culture system is arranged between the planting areas, the culture system comprises a culture area, a purification system and a waste treatment system, and the purification system and the waste treatment system are arranged on two sides of the culture area; the waste treatment system comprises an inclined tube settling zone, a sludge zone and a water outlet pool, wherein the sludge zone is arranged on two sides of the inclined tube settling zone in the width direction. The method for breeding by adopting the microcirculation ecological planting and breeding symbiotic system comprises the steps of preparation before stocking, fry stocking, feed feeding, water oxygenation, water quality management, sun shading and light shading and harvesting. The invention has the advantages that: a culture system is constructed between the planting areas, and a purification system and a waste treatment system are arranged on two sides of the culture system, so that the purification effect of the purification system is better, and the dirt absorption rate of the inclined tube sedimentation area is improved; the cultivation efficiency is improved, the yield of the planted rice is increased, and the yield-increasing potential of the rice planting is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aquaculture, in particular to a microcirculation ecological planting and breeding symbiotic system and a method for breeding by adopting the system.
Background
The rice and fish comprehensive planting and breeding technology has a long history in China, and by applying ecology and modern scientific technology, aquaculture and rice planting (including aquatic plants) are combined together, so that agricultural resources and energy can be comprehensively utilized in multiple levels and in multiple links, and the aims of high yield and high efficiency are fulfilled. At present, the comprehensive rice and fish planting and breeding technical mode forms 24 typical modes of 7 types in all parts of the country according to local conditions. However, the area of the ditch is easy to expand, the national policy of farmland protection is violated, the area is too small, the yield is low, the operation is troublesome, the investment of infrastructure is large in the early stage, the planting and breeding cost is high, most farmers lack enthusiasm, and the digital breeding difficulty is higher.
A new mode is provided on the basis of the traditional comprehensive rice and fish planting, so that the method not only can increase the culture income, but also can improve the soil fertility structure of the rice field and improve the basal potential of increasing the yield of grain crops, and has very important significance. The technology is organically and conveniently integrated with fishery mutual protection, intelligent fishery, leisure fishery and the like, the technical level is continuously improved after the development of years, and the breeding mode is mature day by day.
The patent with the application number of 201811218347.8 discloses a paddy field-culture pond combined aquaculture system and a aquaculture method, wherein the aquaculture system comprises a circulating water culture area and a rice and shrimp combined culture area, the circulating water culture area is positioned in the aquaculture pond, the rice and shrimp combined culture area is formed by a paddy field, the circulating water culture area comprises a water purification area, a fish culture tank and a sewage area which are sequentially arranged and circulate, the rice and shrimp combined culture area is provided with a water inlet communicated with the sewage area and a water outlet communicated with the water purification area, and the water inlet and the water outlet are arranged away from each other. However, the tail end sewage suction efficiency of the 'circulating water runway' culture area is generally not high, the front end purification effect of the culture area is not good enough, and how to optimize facility equipment of a sewage collection and suction area and construct a stable and effective outer pond ecological system is a key technology to be urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a micro-circulation ecological planting and breeding symbiotic system and a method for breeding by adopting the system, and the system can solve the problems that the comprehensive planting and breeding technology for rice and fishery in the prior art is high in cost and investment, difficult to manage, high in intelligentization difficulty, low in dirt absorption rate at the tail end of a system in a breeding area and insufficient in purification effect at the front end of the breeding area.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: comprises a planting area and a culture system between the planting areas;
the cultivation system comprises a cultivation area, a purification system and a waste treatment system, the cultivation area is a circulating water runway cultivation area, the purification system is arranged on one side of the cultivation area, the waste treatment system is arranged on the other side of the cultivation area, a water storage area is arranged between the purification system and the planting area, the water storage area comprises a water quality purification area, a water storage area and a deep water area which are sequentially arranged, the planting area is communicated with the water quality purification area through a water outlet, the water quality purification area is communicated with the water storage area deeper than the water quality purification area, and the water storage area is communicated with the deep water area deeper than the water storage area;
the purification system comprises a primary filtering area, a secondary filtering area and a tertiary filtering area, wherein a water inlet below the primary filtering area is communicated with the deep water area, an artificial grating is obliquely arranged in the primary filtering area, a lifting area is arranged between the primary filtering area and the secondary filtering area, the lifting area is communicated with the lower part of the primary filtering area, a water pump is arranged in the lifting area, water in the lifting area is lifted to the secondary filtering area through the water pump, the secondary filtering area is communicated with the bottom of the tertiary filtering area, and fillers with different particle sizes are filled in the secondary filtering area and the tertiary filtering area;
the upper part of the third-stage filtering area is communicated with the culture area, the bottom surface of the culture area below the culture area is obliquely and downwards arranged from one side close to the third-stage filtering area to the other side, and a steel grate is arranged on one side of the culture area far away from the third-stage filtering area;
waste processing system includes pipe chute settling zone, mud district and play pond, breed the bottom and the pipe chute settling zone in district and link up, and the pipe chute settling zone bottom surface of pipe chute settling zone bottom is by being close to one side slope of breeding the district and setting up downwards to the opposite side, is equipped with the honeycomb pipe chute in the pipe chute settling zone, and the width direction's of pipe chute settling zone both sides are equipped with mud district, and pipe chute settling zone bottom is link up with mud district through settling zone mud pipe, be equipped with the sludge pump in the mud district, the play mud pipe of sludge pump link up with planting district, and pipe chute settling zone top is equipped with the outlet canal that link up with breeding the district, and pipe chute settling zone side top link up with a play pond, the play pond side is equipped with the drain pipe that link up with planting district.
Furthermore, emergent aquatic plants are planted in the water quality purification area.
Further, the bottom of the artificial grating forms an included angle of 60 degrees with the horizontal line.
Further, a cover plate is arranged at the top of the lifting area.
Further, the secondary filtering area is filled with biomass functional filler with the grain diameter of 30-40 mm; the three-stage filtering area is filled with biomass functional filler with the grain diameter of 10-20 mm; the bottom of the secondary filtering area and the bottom of the tertiary filtering area are respectively supported with a lining support plate through a bottom support, the filler is arranged above the lining support plate, one side of the lower part of the lining support plate of the secondary filtering area, which is close to the tertiary filtering area, is provided with a horizontally arranged communicating pipe, and the communicating pipe is communicated with the tertiary filtering area.
Furthermore, an oxygen increasing device is laid at the bottom of the culture area, the oxygen increasing device is an aeration pipe, and the gradient of inclination of the bottom surface of the culture area is 1.5%.
Further, the bottom surface of the inclined tube settling zone forms an included angle of 7 degrees with the horizontal line.
The method for breeding by adopting the microcirculation ecological planting and breeding symbiotic system comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation before stocking: cleaning a culture water tank of a culture area by removing residual pond water, sludge and floating soil 20-25 days before stocking, coating the tank wall and the tank bottom of the culture water tank with water culture paint after drying, soaking in water for 2-3 days after airing for 3-4 days, draining and washing, then feeding water to the water depth of 100 plus 120cm, thoroughly disinfecting and killing harmful organisms by using 20-25kg of chlorine-containing lime or quick lime, and stocking seedlings after 10-15 days;
s2, stocking the seedlings: selecting and treating the offspring seeds, and putting the offspring seeds into a culture water tank of a culture area;
s3, feeding feed: feeding special floating pellet feed into the culture water tank;
s4, oxygenation of the water body: the breeding water tanks are provided with more than 2 Roots blowers, the total power of each water tank is 0.1-1.6 kilowatts, and the blowers are started to increase oxygen before the seedlings are put in the breeding water tanks;
s5, water quality management: the culture water tank keeps the transparency of 30-40cm, the purification system and the waste treatment system of the culture system are used for pumping and circulating for 2 hours while the aeration is carried out by the blower every day, a culture environment with micro flowing water is created, the water level of the culture water tank is controlled to be 1.0-1.2m in the early stage, the water level is gradually increased in the middle and later stages, and the water level is kept to be 1.8-2.0 m;
the pumping and draining circulation working process of the culture system is as follows: planting paddy rice in the planting area, carrying out aquatic product cultivation through the cultivation area, discharging the water body of the eutrophic planting area to the water quality purification area through the water outlet to obtain primary purification, then enabling the water body to enter the water storage area, and after the water body stays for a short time, enabling the water body to enter the deep water area to provide a flowing water source for the cultivation area;
the method comprises the following steps that a water body enters a primary filtering area through a water inlet, large-particle suspended matters are removed through an artificial grid, then the water body flows to a lifting area, the water body is lifted to a secondary filtering area under the action of a water pump, then the water body flows to a tertiary filtering area, the water outlet of the tertiary filtering area continuously flows to a high-density culture area, the culture wastewater of the high-density culture area is treated through a honeycomb inclined pipe in an inclined pipe settling area, high organic matter suspended matters are settled to a sludge area, high organic matter enriched bottom mud is conveyed to a paddy field planting area through a mud outlet pipe by means of a sludge pump, and the water outlet of the inclined pipe settling area is conveyed to the paddy field planting area by means of a submersible pump or is directly discharged to a ditch;
s6, shading sun and light: in high-temperature summer, a black sunshade net is additionally arranged at a position 1.8-2.0 meters above the culture water tank, so that the temperature of the water body in summer of the culture water tank is reduced, direct sunlight stimulation is reduced, and meanwhile, the invasion of birds to aquatic products is prevented;
s7, harvesting: when the aquatic products are raised to a certain specification, the aquatic products are separately raised or sold according to the needs, and a small amount of aquatic products can be caught by using a ground cage net at ordinary times; when the crops are harvested in a centralized way, the crops are directly caught by a net or a water drainage dry pond.
Further, in the step S2, when the fingerlings are fingerlings, selecting active and undamaged fingerlings with uniform size, the specification of the fingerlings is 4-5 cm/tail, the stocking density is 400-;
when the fry is shrimp fries, 5 thousands of shrimp fries are put in each breeding water tank, and oxygen is added through an aeration pipe 2 hours before the shrimp fries are put.
Further, in the step S3, when the fingerlings are fingerlings, the feed starts to be fed after the fingerlings are put in the suitable place, the feed type is floating pellet feed, and the feed is special expanded feed with 35% -42% of protein content and 7% -9% of fat content or other expanded feed with similar nutrition; the feeding amount is 4-8% of the weight of the fish body, the feeding times are 2-3 times per day, the feeding amount is adjusted in time according to the weather, water quality change and the movable feeding condition of the fish, the weather is clear, the water quality is good, more feeding is performed when the fish is eaten vigorously, the feeding amount is decreased when the weather is rainy continuously and the water quality is deteriorated, and the specification of the fed feed is adjusted in time according to the size of the fish body;
when the fries are shrimp fries, feeding the fries the next day after stocking, feeding the fries with the powder feed in the first 5 days, wherein the protein content is over 45 percent, the feeding amount is 20 grams per ten thousand fries per day, and feeding the fries for 4 times; feeding feed with protein content of 42-45% in 5-15 days, feeding 100-250 g of each ten thousand prawns every day, and feeding for 3 times; feeding the feed with the protein content of 38% -42% for 15-30 days, wherein the feeding amount of the feed is 250-500 g per day, and the feed can be fed twice in the morning and evening; feeding the feed with the protein content of 38% -42% for 30-60 days, controlling the feeding amount of the feed to be 500-2000 g per ten thousand tails every day, and feeding the feed twice in the morning and at night; feeding the feed with the protein content of 35% -38% for 60-90 days, controlling the feeding amount of the feed to be 2-4 kg per ten thousand tails every day, and feeding twice in the morning and evening; after 90 days, feeding 35% -38% of feed, wherein the feeding amount of the feed is controlled to be more than 4 kilograms; the feed feeding amount in the prawn breeding process is gradually increased, and the specific feeding amount is adjusted in time according to the weather, the water quality and the prawn eating condition; except for closing the oxygen increasing device when feeding the feed, the oxygen increasing device is opened in other time in the culture process so as to keep the sufficient dissolved oxygen level of the water body in the culture water tank.
The invention has the advantages that: the culture system is constructed between the planting areas, the purification system and the waste treatment system are arranged on two sides of the culture system, the rest nutrition in the culture tail water and the sludge is supplied to the rice field, the rice field is used as a purified wetland system to fully degrade and utilize nutritive salt, a stable and effective outer pond ecological system is constructed, the water in the rice field is subjected to ecological purification and filtration treatment by the purification system, and then is cultured on a circulating water runway and returns to a water tank of an intensive culture area, so that a water quality circulation complementary planting and breeding system is formed, the problems of high investment cost and difficult management of rice and fish comprehensive planting and breeding technology are solved, and intelligent comprehensive planting and breeding are realized;
the purification system on one side of the culture system has better purification effect through purification and multi-stage filtration treatment, the waste treatment system on the other side of the culture system is provided with an inclined tube sedimentation area and a sludge area, the bottom surface of the inclined tube sedimentation area is obliquely and downwards arranged from one side close to the culture area to the other side, the sludge areas are arranged on the two sides of the inclined tube sedimentation area in the width direction, the removal rate of residual baits and excrement in the culture area is improved, and the sewage suction rate is improved;
the cultivation efficiency is improved, the rice field is irrigated by the cultivation tail water, rich nutrient substances are brought to the rice, the yield of the planted rice is obviously increased, the main fertility structure of the soil of the rice field can be improved, and the yield increase potential of the rice planting is improved;
the water flow in the culture area is gentle, fish bodies of different varieties and different sizes can be cultured, and the culture varieties are richer.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the cultivation system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 1-1 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken at 2-2 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 3-3 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken at 4-4 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 7 is a plan view of the aeration tubes at the bottom of the growing area according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a bottom plan view of the waste treatment system of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a plan view of a middle layer of the waste treatment system of the present invention;
figure 10 is a top plan view of the waste treatment system of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: 1. a No. 1 paddy field planting area, a No. 2 paddy field planting area, a No. 3 breeding system, a No. 4 runway breeding area, a No. 1 runway breeding area, a No. 5 runway breeding area, a No. 2 runway breeding area, a No. 6 water quality purifying area, a No. 7 water storage area, a No. 8 deep water area, a No. 9 paddy field planting area water outlet, a No. 1 paddy field planting area water outlet, a No. 10 paddy field planting area water outlet, a No. 2 paddy field planting area water outlet, an irrigation water channel, a No. 12 mud outlet pipe, a No. 13 water outlet pipe, a No. 14 pond bank path, a No. 15 water inlet, a No. 16 artificial grid, a No. 17 lifting area, and a No. 18, the device comprises a secondary filtering area, 19, a tertiary filtering area, 20, a culturing area, 21, a steel grate, 22, an inclined tube settling area, 23, a water outlet pool, 24, a sludge area, 25, a water outlet channel, 26, a cover plate, 27, a bottom layer bracket, 28, a lining supporting plate, 29, a culturing area bottom surface, 30, an inclined tube settling area bottom surface, 31, a water pump, 32, a sludge pump, 33, a communicating pipe, 34, a honeycomb inclined tube, 35 and a settling area sludge discharge pipe.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description. The following examples are presented to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to more fully understand the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments described herein.
As shown in fig. 1, the following technical solutions are adopted in the present embodiment: as shown in fig. 1, the following technical solutions are adopted in the present embodiment: including planting the farming systems between district and the planting district, in this embodiment, the planting district sets up 1# paddy field planting district 1 and 2# paddy field planting district 2, sets up farming systems 3 between 1# paddy field planting district 1 and 2# paddy field planting district 2, still is equipped with between 1# paddy field planting district 1 and 2# paddy field planting district 2 and irrigates ditch 11 and pool bank path 14, and the planting district can be planted the piece district by the paddy field of different quantity and constitutes, all within this patent protection scope.
The cultivation system 3 comprises a cultivation area 20, a purification system and a waste treatment system, wherein the cultivation area 20 is a circulating water runway cultivation area, the purification system is arranged on one side of the cultivation area 20, the waste treatment system is arranged on the other side of the cultivation area, a water storage area is arranged between the purification system and the planting area and is arranged at an irrigation ditch 11, the water storage area comprises a water quality purification area 6, a water storage area 7 and a deep water area 8 which are sequentially arranged, a 1# paddy field planting area 1 is communicated with the water quality purification area 6 through a 1# paddy field planting area water outlet 9, a 2# paddy field planting area 2 is communicated with the water quality purification area 6 through a 2# paddy field planting area water outlet 10, water in the 1# paddy field planting area 1 and the 2# paddy field planting area 2 respectively enters the water quality purification area 6 through a 1# paddy field planting area water outlet 9 and a 2# paddy field planting area water outlet 10, emergent aquatic plants are planted in the water quality purification area 6, the water quality purification area 6 is communicated with a water storage area 7 which is deeper than the water quality purification area 6, the water storage area 7 is communicated with a deep water area 8 which is deeper than the water storage area 7, the culture area 20 is set to be a 1# runway culture area 4 and a 2# runway culture area 5, the water body of the water quality purification area 6 flows to the water storage area 7, and the water body flows to the deep water area 8 through the water storage area 7.
As shown in fig. 2-6, the purification system comprises a primary filtration area, a secondary filtration area 18 and a tertiary filtration area 19, wherein a water inlet 15 below the primary filtration area is communicated with a deep water area 8, a water body of the deep water area 8 flows to the primary filtration area through the water inlet 15, an artificial grating 16 is obliquely arranged in the primary filtration area, the included angle between the bottom of the artificial grating 16 and the horizontal line is 60 degrees, a lifting area 17 is arranged between the primary filtration area and the secondary filtration area 18, a cover plate 26 is arranged at the top of the lifting area 17, the lifting area 17 is communicated with the lower part of the primary filtration area, the water body is pretreated by the artificial grating 16 and then enters the lifting area 17, a water pump 31 is arranged in the lifting area 17, the water in the lifting area 17 is lifted to the upper part in the secondary filtering area 18 by the water pump 31, the bottom parts of the secondary filtering area 18 and the tertiary filtering area 19 are communicated, and the secondary filtering area 18 and the tertiary filtering area 19 are filled with fillers with different grain diameters.
The secondary filtering area 18 is filled with biomass functional filler with the grain diameter of 30-40 mm; the third filtering area 19 is filled with biomass functional filler with the grain diameter of 10-20 mm; the bottom of the secondary filtering area 18 and the bottom of the tertiary filtering area 19 are respectively supported with a lining supporting plate 28 through a bottom layer bracket 27, the filler is arranged above the lining supporting plate 28, a horizontally arranged communicating pipe 33 is arranged at one side of the lower part of the lining supporting plate 28 of the secondary filtering area 18 close to the tertiary filtering area 19, the communicating pipe 33 is communicated with the tertiary filtering area 19, the water body vertically passes through the secondary filtering area 18 from top to bottom and then flows to the bottom of the tertiary filtering area 19, the water body at the bottom of the tertiary filtering area 19 reversely seeps from bottom to top, and then enters the high-density culture area 20.
The upper part of the third filtering area 19 is communicated with the culture area 20, the bottom surface 29 of the culture area at the bottom of the culture area 20 is arranged from one side close to the third filtering area 19 to the other side in an inclined and downward manner, the bottom surface 29 of the culture area presents an inclined slope of 1.5%, the inclined direction is the flow direction of water, as shown in fig. 7, an oxygen increasing device is laid at the bottom of the culture area 20, the oxygen increasing device is an aeration pipe, and a steel grate 21 is arranged at one side of the culture area 20 far away from the third filtering area 19.
The waste treatment system comprises an inclined tube settling zone 22, a sludge zone 24 and a water outlet pool 23, wherein the bottom of a culture zone 20 is communicated with the inclined tube settling zone 22, the outlet water of the culture zone 20 enters the inclined tube settling zone 22 for treatment, the bottom surface 30 of the inclined tube settling zone 22 is arranged from one side close to the culture zone 20 to the other side in an inclined and downward manner, the included angle between the bottom surface 30 of the inclined tube settling zone and the horizontal line is 7 degrees, a honeycomb inclined tube 34 is arranged in the inclined tube settling zone 22, as shown in figures 7-10, the sludge zone 24 is arranged on two sides of the width direction of the inclined tube settling zone 22, the bottom of the inclined tube settling zone 22 is communicated with the sludge zone 24 through a settling zone sludge discharge tube 35, a sludge pump 32 is arranged in the sludge zone 24, sludge discharge tubes 12 of the sludge pumps 32 are respectively communicated with a No. 1 rice field planting zone 1 and a No. 2 rice field planting zone 2, a water outlet channel 25 communicated with the culture zone 20 is arranged at the top of the inclined tube settling zone 22, the water outlet channel 25 directly penetrates through the No. 1 rice field planting areas 1 and the No. 2 rice field planting areas 2, the upper side of the inclined pipe settling area 22 is communicated with the water outlet pool 23, the side face of the water outlet pool 23 is provided with a water outlet pipe 13 communicated with the No. 1 rice field planting areas 1 and the No. 2 rice field planting areas 2, and the water outlet pipes 13 are respectively communicated with the No. 1 rice field planting areas 1 and the No. 2 rice field planting areas 2.
Example 1: a method for breeding rice fish and brook fish by adopting a microcirculation ecological breeding and breeding symbiotic system comprises the steps of breeding water tank lipsticks and freshwater groupers and comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing before stocking, namely cleaning the whole breeding water tank 20-25 days before stocking, including removing residual pond water, sludge and floating soil, drying in the sun, then brushing the whole pond (including the pond wall and the pond bottom) with water-based breeding paint, airing for 3-4 days, then soaking in water for 2-3 days, draining, washing, then feeding water to the water depth of 100-120cm, and thoroughly disinfecting with 20-25kg of chlorine-containing lime or quicklime to kill harmful organisms; the fish seeds can be released after 10-15 days.
S2, stocking the seedlings: the fingerlings can be put in at the beginning of 3 months, the water body with liveness, no damage, uniform size, specification of 4-5 cm/tail, stocking density of 400-plus-500/cubic meter is selected, povidone iodine solution with concentration of 0.25-0.35mg/L or potassium permanganate solution with concentration of 1% is used for soaking for 5 minutes during stocking, and then the fingerlings are put into a cultivation water tank;
s3, feeding: the feed is fed after the fish breed is adapted, the feed variety is floating pellet feed, the special expanded feed with 35-42% of protein content and 7-9% of fat content or other expanded feed with similar nutrition; the feeding amount is 4-8% of the weight of the fish body, the feeding times are twice every day, the feeding amount is adjusted in time according to weather, water quality change and the movable feeding condition of the fish when the fish is 6-7 am and 5-6 pm, the feeding amount is adjusted in time when the fish is fed in sunny days, good water quality and vigorous eating, the feeding amount is increased when the fish is fed in sunny days, continuous rainy days and water quality deterioration, the feeding amount is reduced, the size of the fed feed is adjusted in time according to the size of the fish body, and the particle size of the fed feed particles is matched with the size of the fish body, particularly shown in the table below.
Correspondence table for fish body specification and feed particle size
| Fish body specification (gram) | Feed numbering | Feed particle diameter (millimeter) |
| Less than 1 | Powder form | |
| 3~5 | 1# | 1.2 |
| 5~20 | 2# | 2.0 |
| 20~50 | 3# | 3.0 |
| More than 50 | 4# | 4.0 |
S4, oxygenation of the water body: the aquaculture water tank is required to be provided with more than 2 roots blowers, the total power of each water tank is 0.1-1.6 kilowatts, the blowers are started for oxygenation 1 hour before fry breeding, one blower is started in the early stage of breeding, and 2 blowers are started for each water tank when the estimated fish number reaches more than 800 kilograms.
S5, water quality management: the cultivation water tank keeps water quality 'fertile, alive, tender and cool', the transparency is 30-40cm, the air blower is adopted to increase oxygen every day, meanwhile, the purification system and the waste treatment system of the cultivation system 3 are used for pumping and discharging circulation for 2 hours, the cultivation environment of micro-flowing water is built, the water level of the cultivation water tank is controlled to be 1.0-1.2m in the early stage, the water level is gradually increased in the middle and later stages, and the water level is kept to be 1.8-2.0 m.
The pumping and draining circulation working process of the culture system 3 is as follows: rice is planted in the 1# rice field planting area 1 and the 2# rice field planting area 2, the circulating water runway culture area 20 is used for aquatic product culture, eutrophic water is discharged to the water quality purification area 6 from the 1# rice field planting area 1 and the 2# rice field planting area 2 through the 1# rice field planting area water outlet 9 and the 2# rice field planting area water outlet 10 to obtain primary purification, then the water enters the water storage area 7 and stays for a short time, and then the water enters the deep water area 8 to provide a flowing water source for the circulating water runway culture area 20;
the water inlet 15 of the circulating water runway culture area 20 is positioned at one side of the deep water area 8, water enters the primary filtering area through the water inlet 15, large granular suspended matters possibly existing are removed through the artificial grating 16, then the water flows to the lifting area 17, the water pump 31 adopts a submersible pump, under the action of the submersible pump, the water is lifted to the secondary filtering area 18 and then to the tertiary filtering area 19, the water discharged from the tertiary filtering area 19 continuously flows to the high-density culture area 20, the culture wastewater in the high-density culture area 20 is treated by a honeycomb inclined tube 34 in an inclined tube settling area 22, high organic matter suspended matters are settled to the sludge area 24, high organic matter enriched bottom sludge is conveyed to the No. 1 rice planting area 1 and the No. 2 rice planting area 2 through the sludge outlet pipe 12 by virtue of the sludge pump 32, and the effluent of the inclined pipe settling area 22 is conveyed to the No. 1 rice planting area 1 and the No. 2 rice planting area 2 by virtue of the submersible pump or is directly discharged to a ditch.
S6, shading sun and light: in summer high-temperature season, a black sunshade net is additionally arranged at a position 1.8-2.0 meters above the culture water tank, so that the temperature of the water body in summer of the pond can be reduced, direct sunlight stimulation is reduced, and meanwhile, the invasion of birds to acrossocheilus fasciatus can be prevented.
S7, harvesting: when the bare-lipped fishes are raised to a certain specification, the bare-lipped fishes can be separately raised or sold according to needs, a small amount of ground cage nets can be adopted for catching at ordinary times, and adult fishes are directly caught by using pull nets or water-discharging dry ponds during centralized harvesting.
The 20 rivers of culture area are mild, and different cultivars, the fish body of equidimension all can be bred, compare and breed in current runway and only be limited to the individual fish species that adapts to the fast velocity of flow, breed the variety abundanter.
Example 2: a method for breeding rice and fish and breeding penaeus vannamei boone in a breeding trough by adopting a microcirculation ecological breeding and breeding symbiotic system comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing before stocking: cleaning the whole culture water tank 20-25 days before stocking, removing residual pool water, sludge and floating soil, drying, brushing the whole pool (including pool wall and pool bottom) with water-based culture paint, drying in the sun for 3-4 days, soaking in water for 2-3 days, draining, washing, adding water to water depth of 100-120cm, thoroughly sterilizing with 20-25kg chlorine-containing lime or quicklime, and killing harmful organisms, wherein a plastic greenhouse is covered on the culture water tank 1.8m to increase the water body temperature of the water tank.
S2: stocking and feeding the first batch of shrimp larvae: feeding shrimp seeds at the beginning of 3 months, feeding 5 million tails of the desalted penaeus vannamei boone seedlings in each water tank, starting an air blower to increase oxygen 2 hours before the seedlings are placed, feeding the penaeus vannamei boone on the second day after stocking, feeding the penaeus vannamei boone powder feed on the first 5 days, wherein the protein content is over 45 percent, the feeding amount is 20 grams per ten thousand tails every day, and feeding the penaeus vannamei boone by 4 times; feeding special 0# feed for Penaeus vannamei Boone in 5-15 days, wherein the protein content is 42% -45%, feeding 100-250 g of Penaeus vannamei Boone every day, and feeding for 3 times; feeding the 1# Penaeus vannamei Boone with the special feed for the 1# Penaeus vannamei Boone for 15-30 days, wherein the protein content of the feed is 38% -42%, the feeding amount of the feed per day is 250-500 g, and the feed can be fed twice in the morning and at night; feeding the 2# Penaeus vannamei Boone with special feed for 30-60 days, wherein the protein content is required to be 38-42%, the feeding amount of the feed is controlled to be 500-2000 g per ten thousand tails every day, and the feed is fed twice in the morning and evening; feeding penaeus vannamei 3# feed for 60-90 days, wherein the protein content is 35% -38%, the feeding amount of the feed per ten thousand tails is controlled to be 2-4 kg per day, and the feed is generally fed twice in the morning and at night; after 90 days, the special feed for the 3# Penaeus vannamei Boone is fed, and the feeding amount of the feed is controlled to be more than 4 kilograms.
The feed feeding amount in the culture process of the penaeus vannamei boone is gradually increased, the specific feeding amount is adjusted in time according to weather, water quality and the feeding condition of the penaeus vannamei boone, and the oxygen increasing device is started in the culture process except for the air blowing and oxygen increasing device when the feed is fed so as to keep the sufficient dissolved oxygen level of the water body of the culture water tank.
S3: water quality management: while the aerator is used for increasing oxygen every day, the purification system and the waste treatment system of the culture system 3 are used for pumping and circulating for 2 hours, a culture environment with micro flowing water is built, the water level of the culture water tank is controlled to be 1.0-1.2m in the early stage, the water level is gradually increased in the middle and later stages, and the water level is kept to be 1.8-2.0 m;
s4: catching the first-crop cultured prawns: the penaeus vannamei boone is cultured for more than 100 days, the individual can be caught within 80 tails per kilogram, the residual dry pond is caught by adopting a ground cage net firstly.
S5, after the first crop is caught, 25 kilograms of quicklime or 2.5 kilograms of bleaching powder are used for disinfecting each water tank with water, after 10 days of disinfection, the second crop of penaeus vannamei boone is cultured after toxicity disappears, and the seedling placing quantity, the feed feeding and the culturing mode are the same as those of the first penaeus vannamei boone.
According to the mode, two breeding water tanks are built on an irrigation channel 11 of a 60-mu paddy field, according to test site acceptance data, under the condition that the planting area of the paddy field is not occupied, 5000 kilograms of grown fish can be produced in each breeding water tank every year, which is equivalent to 5-10 mu of newly-increased intensive culture pond, the breeding tail water irrigates the paddy field, rich nutrient substances are brought to paddy, 588 kilograms of yield of paddy rice per mu in a test area are increased, the yield is increased by 7.5% on year, meanwhile, the planting and breeding system can also improve the main fertility structure of soil of the coastal saline-alkali paddy field, and the yield increase potential of paddy planting is improved. The water purification area of the planting and breeding system does not influence the normal production of the rice field, can increase the breeding income, and can improve the soil fertility structure of the rice field and improve the yield increasing potential of grain crops.
The water flow speed, the feed feeding quantity, the dissolving amount, the ammonia nitrogen, the nitrite and other water quality indexes in the aquaculture water tank can be regulated and controlled in real time, the range of breeds which can be bred is expanded, common cyprinid fishes can be bred, high-grade freshwater breeds such as brook fishes, reeves shads, Australian crayfish and the like can also be bred, and fry hatching culture can be carried out due to controllable water flow and dissolved oxygen, so that the utilization rate of the aquaculture water tank is improved; the fish-farming water tank is small in water body, an oxygenation, feeding and water quality control system can be configured at low cost, the intelligent culture management of the whole process of fry stocking, feed feeding, water quality control and fish catching is realized, and a sample plate is provided for digital agriculture.
The whole system integrates the technical principles of open-air intensive culture ponds, traditional runway culture, industrialized culture and wetland water treatment, and culture water and energy completely circulate in the system, so that the system is a low-carbon, ecological, green, high-yield, high-efficiency and sustainable development culture mode.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and features of the present invention, together with the advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. Microcirculation ecological intergrowth system of growing and planting, its characterized in that: comprises a planting area and a culture system between the planting areas;
the cultivation system comprises a cultivation area, a purification system and a waste treatment system, the cultivation area is a circulating water runway cultivation area, the purification system is arranged on one side of the cultivation area, the waste treatment system is arranged on the other side of the cultivation area, a water storage area is arranged between the purification system and the planting area, the water storage area comprises a water quality purification area, a water storage area and a deep water area which are sequentially arranged, the planting area is communicated with the water quality purification area through a water outlet, the water quality purification area is communicated with the water storage area deeper than the water quality purification area, and the water storage area is communicated with the deep water area deeper than the water storage area;
the purification system comprises a primary filtering area, a secondary filtering area and a tertiary filtering area, wherein a water inlet below the primary filtering area is communicated with the deep water area, an artificial grating is obliquely arranged in the primary filtering area, a lifting area is arranged between the primary filtering area and the secondary filtering area, the lifting area is communicated with the lower part of the primary filtering area, a water pump is arranged in the lifting area, water in the lifting area is lifted to the secondary filtering area through the water pump, the secondary filtering area is communicated with the bottom of the tertiary filtering area, and fillers with different particle sizes are filled in the secondary filtering area and the tertiary filtering area;
the upper part of the third-stage filtering area is communicated with the culture area, the bottom surface of the culture area below the culture area is obliquely and downwards arranged from one side close to the third-stage filtering area to the other side, and a steel grate is arranged on one side of the culture area far away from the third-stage filtering area;
waste processing system includes pipe chute settling zone, mud district and play pond, breed the bottom and the pipe chute settling zone in district and link up, and the pipe chute settling zone bottom surface of pipe chute settling zone bottom is by being close to one side slope of breeding the district and setting up downwards to the opposite side, is equipped with the honeycomb pipe chute in the pipe chute settling zone, and the width direction's of pipe chute settling zone both sides are equipped with mud district, and pipe chute settling zone bottom is link up with mud district through settling zone mud pipe, be equipped with the sludge pump in the mud district, the play mud pipe of sludge pump link up with planting district, and pipe chute settling zone top is equipped with the outlet canal that link up with breeding the district, and pipe chute settling zone side top link up with a play pond, the play pond side is equipped with the drain pipe that link up with planting district.
2. The micro-circulation ecological planting and breeding symbiotic system according to claim 1, characterized in that: emergent aquatic plants are planted in the water quality purification area.
3. The micro-circulation ecological planting and breeding symbiotic system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bottom of the artificial grating forms an included angle of 60 degrees with the horizontal line.
4. The micro-circulation ecological planting and breeding symbiotic system according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a cover plate is arranged at the top of the lifting area.
5. The micro-circulation ecological planting and breeding symbiotic system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the secondary filtering area is filled with biomass functional filler with the grain diameter of 30-40 mm; the three-stage filtering area is filled with biomass functional filler with the grain diameter of 10-20 mm; the bottom of the secondary filtering area and the bottom of the tertiary filtering area are respectively supported with a lining support plate through a bottom support, the filler is arranged above the lining support plate, one side of the lower part of the lining support plate of the secondary filtering area, which is close to the tertiary filtering area, is provided with a horizontally arranged communicating pipe, and the communicating pipe is communicated with the tertiary filtering area.
6. The micro-circulation ecological planting and breeding symbiotic system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bottom of the culture area is paved with an oxygen increasing device which is an aerator pipe, and the gradient of inclination of the bottom surface of the culture area is 1.5%.
7. The micro-circulation ecological planting and breeding symbiotic system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bottom surface of the inclined tube settling zone forms an included angle of 7 degrees with the horizontal line.
8. The method for breeding by adopting the micro-circulation ecological planting and breeding symbiotic system of the claims 1 to 7 is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation before stocking: cleaning a culture water tank of a culture area by removing residual pond water, sludge and floating soil 20-25 days before stocking, coating the tank wall and the tank bottom of the culture water tank with water culture paint after drying, soaking in water for 2-3 days after airing for 3-4 days, draining and washing, then feeding water to the water depth of 100 plus 120cm, thoroughly disinfecting and killing harmful organisms by using 20-25kg of chlorine-containing lime or quick lime, and stocking seedlings after 10-15 days;
s2, stocking the seedlings: selecting and processing the offspring seeds and putting the offspring seeds into a culture water tank of a culture area;
s3, feeding feed: feeding special floating pellet feed into the culture water tank;
s4, oxygenation of the water body: the breeding water tanks are provided with more than 2 Roots blowers, the total power of each water tank is 0.1-1.6 kilowatts, and the blowers are started to increase oxygen before the seedlings are put in the breeding water tanks;
s5, water quality management: the culture water tank keeps the transparency of 30-40cm, the purification system and the waste treatment system of the culture system are used for pumping and circulating for 2 hours while the aeration is carried out by the blower every day, a culture environment with micro flowing water is created, the water level of the culture water tank is controlled to be 1.0-1.2m in the early stage, the water level is gradually increased in the middle and later stages, and the water level is kept to be 1.8-2.0 m;
the pumping and draining circulation working process of the culture system is as follows: rice is planted in the planting area, aquatic products are cultured in the culture area, water in the eutrophic planting area is discharged to the water quality purification area through the water outlet to obtain primary purification, then the water enters the water storage area and stays for a short time, and then the water enters the deep water area to provide a flowing water source for the culture area;
the method comprises the following steps that a water body enters a primary filtering area through a water inlet, large-particle suspended matters are removed through an artificial grid, then the water body flows to a lifting area, the water body is lifted to a secondary filtering area under the action of a water pump, then the water body flows to a tertiary filtering area, the water outlet of the tertiary filtering area continuously flows to a high-density culture area, the culture wastewater of the high-density culture area is treated through a honeycomb inclined pipe in an inclined pipe settling area, high organic matter suspended matters are settled to a sludge area, high organic matter enriched bottom mud is conveyed to a paddy field planting area through a mud outlet pipe by means of a sludge pump, and the water outlet of the inclined pipe settling area is conveyed to the paddy field planting area by means of a submersible pump or is directly discharged to a ditch;
s6, shading sun and light: in high-temperature summer, a black sunshade net is additionally arranged at a position 1.8-2.0 meters above the culture water tank, so that the temperature of the water body in summer of the culture water tank is reduced, direct sunlight stimulation is reduced, and meanwhile, the invasion of birds to aquatic products is prevented;
s7, harvesting: when the aquatic products are raised to a certain specification, the aquatic products are separately raised or sold according to the needs, and a small amount of aquatic products can be caught by a ground cage at ordinary times; when the crops are harvested in a centralized way, the crops are directly caught by a net or a water drainage dry pond.
9. The method for cultivating by adopting the micro-circulation ecological planting and breeding symbiotic system according to the claim 8, is characterized in that: in the step S2, when the fingerlings are fingerlings, selecting active and undamaged fingerlings with uniform size, the specification of the fingerlings is 4-5 cm/tail, the stocking density is 400-;
when the fry is shrimp fries, 5 thousands of shrimp fries are put in each breeding water tank, and oxygen is added through an aeration pipe 2 hours before the shrimp fries are put.
10. The method for cultivating by adopting the micro-circulation ecological planting and breeding symbiotic system according to the claim 8, is characterized in that: in the step S3, when the fingerlings are fingerlings, the feed starts to be fed after the fingerlings are put in the suitable place, the feed type is floating pellet feed, and the feed is special expanded feed with 35% -42% of protein content and 7% -9% of fat content or other expanded feed with similar nutrition; the feeding amount is 4-8% of the weight of the fish body, the feeding times are 2-3 times per day, the feeding amount is adjusted in time according to the weather, water quality change and the movable feeding condition of the fish, the weather is clear, the water quality is good, more feeding is performed when the fish is eaten vigorously, the feeding amount is decreased when the weather is rainy continuously and the water quality is deteriorated, and the specification of the fed feed is adjusted in time according to the size of the fish body;
when the fries are shrimp fries, feeding the fries the next day after stocking, feeding the fries with the powder feed in the first 5 days, wherein the protein content is over 45 percent, the feeding amount is 20 grams per ten thousand fries per day, and feeding the fries for 4 times; feeding feed with protein content of 42-45% in 5-15 days, feeding 100-250 g of each ten thousand prawns every day, and feeding for 3 times; feeding the feed with the protein content of 38% -42% for 15-30 days, wherein the feeding amount of the feed is 250-500 g per day, and the feed can be fed twice in the morning and evening; feeding the feed with the protein content of 38% -42% for 30-60 days, controlling the feeding amount of the feed to be 500-2000 g per ten thousand tails every day, and feeding the feed twice in the morning and at night; feeding the feed with the protein content of 35% -38% for 60-90 days, controlling the feeding amount of the feed to be 2-4 kg per ten thousand tails every day, and feeding twice in the morning and evening; after 90 days, feeding 35% -38% of feed, wherein the feeding amount of the feed is controlled to be more than 4 kilograms; the feed feeding amount in the prawn culture process is gradually increased, and the specific feeding amount is adjusted in time according to weather, water quality and prawn eating conditions; in the culture process, except for closing the oxygen increasing device when feeding the feed, the oxygen increasing device is opened in other time so as to keep the sufficient dissolved oxygen level of the water body in the culture water tank.
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| CN216058832U (en) * | 2021-08-09 | 2022-03-18 | 广东海洋大学 | Ecological circulating breeding device for seawater rice, fish and shrimp |
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