CN114982685B - Pond ecological breeding method for macrobrachium rosenbergii - Google Patents
Pond ecological breeding method for macrobrachium rosenbergii Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/51—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of gastropods, e.g. abalones or turban snails
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
A pond ecological breeding method of macrobrachium rosenbergii comprises the following steps: pond construction: in the existing macrobrachium rosenbergii culture pond, the pond is divided into a biological purification pond and a culture pond, the biological purification pond and the culture pond are separated by a dyke, and a pond stem is built at the bottom of the dyke; burying a U-shaped pipe below the pool ridge, wherein the U-shaped pipe is communicated with the biological purification pool and the culture pool; second), breeding macrobrachium rosenbergii: putting the shrimp larvae into a commodity shrimp culture pond for commodity shrimp culture in the middle and upper ten days of 5 months; after the first batch of shrimp seedlings are put in, gradually deepening the water level until the average water level reaches 1.8m in middle and late 6 months; feeding special feed with the protein content of 42% in the initial stage, and gradually converting into feed with the protein content of 41%; a feeding table is arranged in the pond, and the feeding table is increased or decreased according to the condition of residual bait; the adult shrimps can be caught and marketed when the specification of the adult shrimps reaches 15 g/tail; third), breeding river crabs, silver carps, bighead carps, clams and snails in the biological purifying tank: the method is free from bait feeding and fertilizer application, and aims to effectively utilize the productivity of the pond water area to purify the water quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a pond ecological breeding method of macrobrachium rosenbergii.
Background
In the prior art, the macrobrachium rosenbergii is cultivated by adopting a cultivation mode of batch stocking of the shrimp larvae, graded cultivation of the juvenile shrimps, polyculture of the juvenile shrimps with multiple specifications and multiple rotation and catching. The cultivation period is caught for about 5 times, and when in catching, water is drained for 30-50 cm (the water level in the pond is reduced by 30-50 cm) before net pulling for facilitating net pulling and sorting operation.
Because the macrobrachium rosenbergii has a short cultivation period, frequent fishing, inadequately mixed cultivation of filter feeding fishes and planting of aquatic weeds in a pond, high stocking density, high protein feed and the like, the eutrophication of water bodies is serious, and the environment of surrounding water areas is influenced to a certain extent when precipitation is caught.
Meanwhile, the culture tail water contains residual baits and the excrement of the macrobrachium rosenbergii, and is directly discharged to the field, so that the environmental risk of eutrophication of surrounding water exists. Is contrary to the current concept of green development and ecological priority.
Disclosure of Invention
In the invention, a biological purifying pond with a certain proportion is arranged in the existing macrobrachium rosenbergii culture pond, and suspended matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrient salts are removed by planting aquatic plants, stocking filter-feeding fishes and the like, so that the effect of purifying water quality is achieved.
A pond ecological breeding method of macrobrachium rosenbergii comprises the following steps:
1. and (3) pond construction:
in the existing macrobrachium rosenbergii culture pond, the pond is divided into a biological purification pond and a culture pond, the biological purification pond and the culture pond are separated by a dyke, and a pond stem is built at the bottom of the dyke; burying a U-shaped pipe below the pool ridge, wherein the U-shaped pipe is communicated with the biological purification pool and the culture pool;
2. macrobrachium rosenbergii culture
The pond for culturing the macrobrachium rosenbergii, which is related to the method, refers to a commodity pond for culturing the macrobrachium rosenbergii, and does not comprise a shrimp larvae culturing pond;
in the middle and middle ten days of 5 months, when the water temperature of the commodity shrimp culture pond reaches more than 18 ℃, the shrimp larvae or outsourcing shrimp larvae cultured in the fishing and breeding pond are put into the commodity shrimp culture pond for commodity shrimp culture; and carrying out pond culture of the commercial macrobrachium rosenbergii in 5 to 10 months of the current year. The breeding period of the first round of macrobrachium rosenbergii: 5 months to 7 months of the current year; 2 nd and 3 rd round of macrobrachium rosenbergii young shrimp in the stocking period, 7 th middle to 7 th end of the year, or 8 th middle to 8 th end of the year; 2 nd and 3 rd round of macrobrachium rosenbergii cultivation period, and the self-stocking date reaches 10 months;
the operation requirements of each cultivation stage include:
seedling stocking
1 st batch of shrimp larvae: 4-5 ten thousand of macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings with the specification of 2-4 cm are bred in each mu in the last 5 months of the current year;
2 nd shrimp larvae: 10.0 kg-12.0 kg of macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings with the stocking specification of 600 tails/kg per mu in the middle ten days of 7 months to the late ten days of 7 months of the same year;
3 rd batch of shrimp larvae: 15.0 kg-20.0 kg of macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings with the stocking specification of 400 tails/kg per mu in the middle ten days of 8 months to the last ten days of 8 months of the same year;
water level control
After the first batch of shrimp seedlings are put in, gradually deepening the water level until the average water level reaches 1.8m in middle and late 6 months; 7. 8, 9 months of high-temperature time festival, change water 1 time every 3-7 days, change water level height 15-30 cm each time, meet high-temperature time festival, can mix with river water after well water, pour into the culture pond, in order to reduce the water temperature;
feed feeding
Feeding the shrimp larvae into a pond, feeding special feed with the protein content of 42% at the initial stage, and gradually converting the special feed into feed with the protein content of 41%; feeding for 2 times every day, wherein the feeding amount in the evening accounts for about 60% of the daily feeding amount respectively at 6:00-7:00 and 17:00-19:00; feeding 1 time a day from 15d before 10 months of pond cleaning; the feeding amount is 3 to 5 percent of the pond storage amount, the feeding is proper within 2 hours, and the feeding is adjusted according to the weather, molting and eating comprehensive factors, and the feeding is stopped in bad weather; the feeding tables are arranged in the pond, 1-2 feeding tables are arranged per mu, and the feeding tables are increased or decreased according to the residual bait condition;
capture of aquatic species
The finished shrimps can be caught and put on the market when the specification of the finished shrimps reaches 15 g/tail.
3. Culturing river crabs, silver carps, bighead carps, clams and snails in the biological purifying tank:
the ecological purifying pond is used for culturing silver carp and bighead carp, bait casting and fertilizer application are not needed, and the purpose of effectively utilizing the productivity of a pond water area is to purify water quality, wherein silver carp and bighead carp eat phytoplankton, humus, organic debris and residual feed in the filtering water body; the ecological purifying pond is used for culturing river crabs, snails and clams, and bait is not fed, so that benthos can absorb scraps in the sediment, and the sediment is improved. Fishing silver carp, bighead carp, river crab, freshwater mussel and snail for sale in 10-11 months of the year.
Advantageous effects
The invention not only can effectively purify the aquaculture tail water to improve the surrounding water environment, but also can realize the increase of the recycling rate of the aquaculture water, has the advantages of low one-time investment, low running cost and the like, and ensures the sustainable green development of the aquaculture industry.
By arranging the ecological purifying pond, when the culture water body is purified, the silver carps and the river crabs can be bred in an stocking way, so that a certain economic benefit can be increased, and the benefit reduction brought by the reduction of the area of the direct culture pond of the macrobrachium rosenbergii can be made up.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a plan view of the pond of this embodiment
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a dike;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a U-tube installation.
In the figure: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.
Detailed Description
A pond ecological breeding method of macrobrachium rosenbergii comprises the following steps:
1. and (3) pond construction:
in the existing macrobrachium rosenbergii culture pond, the pond is divided into a biological purification pond and a culture pond, the biological purification pond and the culture pond are separated by a dyke, and a pond stem is built at the bottom of the dyke; burying a U-shaped pipe below the pool ridge, wherein the U-shaped pipe is communicated with the biological purification pool and the culture pool;
20-30% of pond area is biological purifying pond, in which river crab, silver carp, freshwater mussel and snail are raised;
planting submerged plants in the biological purification tank, wherein the planting area accounts for more than 60% of the area of the biological purification tank;
the height of the dam is 80-90 cm and is lower than the height of the pond edge; a high blocking net which is convenient for water flow exchange is arranged at the top of the dam; meanwhile, blocking objects for climbing the river crabs are covered on the blocking net;
2. macrobrachium rosenbergii culture
The pond for culturing the macrobrachium rosenbergii, which is related to the method, refers to a commodity pond for culturing the macrobrachium rosenbergii, and does not comprise a shrimp larvae culturing pond;
and in the middle and upper ten days of 5 months, when the water temperature of the commodity shrimp culture pond reaches more than 18 ℃, the shrimp larvae (shrimp larvae with standard thickness being cultured to 2-4 cm) or the outsourcing shrimp larvae cultivated in the culture pond are put into the commodity shrimp culture pond for commodity shrimp culture.
And carrying out pond culture of the commercial macrobrachium rosenbergii in 5 to 10 months of the current year.
The breeding period of the first round of macrobrachium rosenbergii: 5 months to 7 months of the current year;
2/3 th batch of macrobrachium rosenbergii young in the stocking period, 7 th to 7 th and 8 th of the year/8 th to 8 th of the year
2/3 th culture period of macrobrachium rosenbergii, and self-stocking date to 10 months;
the operation requirements of each cultivation stage include:
1) Preparation of culture pond
(1) Culture pond conditions
The pond depth is 2.0m, the average water depth is 1.8m, the water quality meets the secondary standard of the culture tail water of the 'discharge requirement of the tail water of the freshwater pond', and the bottom silt is 10 cm-15 cm or hard or sandy bottom;
(2) And (3) sun-curing: 10-11 months in the same year, after the giant freshwater shrimps are caught, thoroughly draining pool water, removing excessive sludge at the bottom of the pool, and then fully airing the pool until the shrimp seedlings are bred for 1 month;
(3) Bottom-changing and sterilizing
15-20 d before the 1 st shrimp larvae are put in culture, the pond is filled with water to a water level of 10cm, and 50-75 kg of quicklime is used for full disinfection per mu; the bottom of the pond can be thoroughly raked by a rotary cultivator on the next day after the quicklime is applied, so that the bottom mud and the quicklime are fully mixed;
(4) Fertilizer and water
7d after the quicklime is disinfected, water is fed to a water level of 50-60 cm, and rapeseed cakes are sprayed in the whole pond, wherein the dosage is 25 kg/mu; the biological fertilizer and water are used for 2 times 10d before the seedling is put, so that sufficient biological bait is provided for the shrimp seedlings to go into the pond, and the total consumption of 2 times is 25 kg/mu;
2) Seedling stocking
(1) Preparing before seedling placement: seedling placement is carried out in the morning on a sunny day, 1-2 hours before seedling placement, oxygenation equipment is opened, vitamin C is sprayed on the whole pond, and seedling placement is evenly carried out along the edges of the pond at an air inlet;
(2) And (3) stocking:
1 st batch of shrimp larvae: 4-5 ten thousand of macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings with the specification of 2-4 cm are bred in each mu in the last 5 months of the current year;
2 nd shrimp larvae: 10.0 kg-12.0 kg of macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings with the stocking specification of 600 tails/kg per mu in the middle ten days of 7 months to the late ten days of 7 months of the same year;
3 rd batch of shrimp larvae: 15.0 kg-20.0 kg of macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings with the stocking specification of 400 tails/kg per mu in the middle ten days of 8 months to the last ten days of 8 months of the same year;
3) Water level control
After the first batch of shrimp seedlings are put in, gradually deepening the water level until the average water level reaches 1.8m in middle and late 6 months; 7. 8, 9 months of high-temperature time sections, changing water 1 time every 3-7 days, changing water 15-30 cm each time, mixing well water and river water, and injecting into a culture pond to reduce water temperature;
4) Water quality regulation
In the high-temperature season, microecologics such as EM bacteria, lactobacillus and bacillus are alternately used for regulating water quality every 10 days, wherein the dosage is 5 kg/mu; in the high-temperature season, the bottom modified product with the main component of potassium ferrate is used for 1 time every 10 days; spraying quicklime for 1 time in the whole pool every 15-20 days, wherein the dosage is 5 kg/time; it should be noted that 5d before and 2d after the sterilization by using quicklime do not use microecologics so as not to influence the use effect by reaction;
5) Oxygenation
The aerator is mainly used in 6-9 months, and is started from 22:00 to 8:00 of the next day; starting time is advanced and prolonged in a continuous overcast and rainy day or starting in the daytime, particularly in a rainy season and a high-temperature weather, starting is carried out for 2-3 hours in a 13:00-16:00 mode; the oxygenation equipment mainly comprises a surge machine and microporous oxygenation;
6) Feed feeding
Feeding the shrimp larvae into a pond, feeding special feed with the protein content of 42% at the initial stage, and gradually converting the special feed into feed with the protein content of 41%; feeding for 2 times every day, wherein the feeding amount in the evening accounts for about 60% of the daily feeding amount respectively at 6:00-7:00 and 17:00-19:00; feeding 1 time a day from 15d before 10 months of pond cleaning; the feeding amount is 3 to 5 percent of the pond storage amount, the feeding is proper within 2 hours, and the feeding is adjusted according to the comprehensive factors such as weather, molting, eating and the like, and the feeding is stopped in bad weather; the feeding tables are arranged in the pond, 1-2 feeding tables are arranged per mu, and the feeding tables are increased or decreased according to the residual bait condition;
7) Disease control
In the high temperature season, the iodine preparation is used for 1 time every 15 days, and the aerator is turned on at the same time in the morning of sunny days; feeding VC, immune polysaccharide and lactobacillus for 1 time and continuously feeding for 2-3 days in an alternating manner every 7-10 days, wherein the effective contents of specific products are different due to different manufacturers, and the using amount of each product is recommended to be used by referring to the instruction book;
8) Capture of aquatic species
The adult shrimps can be caught and put on the market when the specification reaches about 15 g/tail, and the adult shrimps are caught from the middle and late ten days of 7 months, and are caught for 1 time by using a fishing net with 3cm mesh every 15-17 d until the shrimps are cleared. Opening oxygenation equipment and starting drainage in the evening 1d before fishing to enable the water level to drop by 30-50 cm;
3. culturing river crabs, silver carps, bighead carps, clams and snails in the biological purifying tank:
the operation requirements of each cultivation stage include:
1) Preparing a biological purification tank: the requirements of pond conditions, pond sunning, bottom changing, disinfection and cultivation ponds are the same, but fertilizer and water are not carried out; setting a safe and reliable escape prevention facility, taking a high-quality plastic film as a bank embankment escape material, burying the high-quality plastic film into the soil for about 15cm, raising the high-quality plastic film by 40-50 cm above the ground, fixing the high-quality plastic film by using small wood piles, connecting a water surface fence with a polyethylene net sheet of about 1.5m, and supporting and fixing the high-quality plastic film by using moso bamboo; the inlet and outlet are sealed by 80 mesh bags, external invasion of foreign organisms is prevented, and internal river crabs are prevented from escaping;
2) Planting waterweeds:
after the pond is filled with water, planting waterweed when the water level is 30-50 cm, planting submerged plants such as the waterweed, the bitter grass, the goldfish algae, the foxtail algae, the gynura segetum and the like, and cross planting the waterweed, interplanting a plurality of varieties and covering more than 60 percent; the coverage rate of the aquatic plants is maintained at 60-70% during the cultivation period; when the water plants are too dense, manual cleaning is performed in time;
3) Seedling stocking
a. Silver carp and bighead carp species:
in the last ten days of 1 month of the year, 100 g/tail to 150 g/tail of silver carp seeds, 250 g/tail to 500 g/tail of bighead carp seeds and 100 to 150 g/mu of bighead carp seeds are bred per mu; the stocking proportion of the silver carps and the bighead carps is 2:1-1:1; before fish breeding, 3-5% salt water is used for 5-10 min;
b. crab seed throwing
2-3 months in the same year, strong Yangtze river crab seedlings are selected, the specification of the seedlings is about 160 seedlings/kg, and the stocking density is 0.2 kg/mu-0.8 kg/mu;
c. throwing snails and mussels
Before Qingming, selecting high-quality snails with reproductive capacity, putting in 2-5 kg/mu, and supplementing 2-5 kg/mu in 8 months according to the storage condition of the snails in the pond; simultaneously, throwing in 0.5-1 kg/mu of freshwater mussel;
4) Cultivation management
The ecological purifying pond is used for culturing silver carp and bighead carp, bait casting and fertilizer application are not needed, and the purpose of effectively utilizing the productivity of a pond water area is to purify water quality, wherein silver carp and bighead carp eat phytoplankton, humus, organic debris and residual feed in the filtering water body;
the ecological purifying pond is used for culturing river crabs, snails and clams, and feeding is not carried out, so that benthic organisms can absorb scraps in the sediment, and the sediment is improved;
5) Capture of aquatic species
Fishing silver carp, bighead carp, river crab, freshwater mussel and snail for sale in 10-11 months of the year.
The method for changing the bottom and sterilizing in the preparation of the culture pond comprises the following steps: and (3) removing excessive sludge after the pond is dried, applying 50-75 kg of quicklime, and ploughing, trimming and compacting the bottom of the pond. The water system is perfected, and excessive aquatic plants, silt and sundries in the water inlet and outlet river channels are removed.
The job requirements of the farming management further include:
(1) Water quality control
In the breeding period of 1 st round of macrobrachium rosenbergii, when the water temperature is 18-20 ℃ in 5 middle month, the EM microbial preparation is applied according to the mass fraction of 1m water per mu, and the effective viable count is more than 10x10 8 cfu/ml, wherein the application mode is sprinkling in a whole pool after water dissolving;
repeating the above steps of supplementing bacteria and regulating water for 3d-4d before stocking the 2 nd macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings;
the method comprises the steps of (1 m water per mu) applying 0.5kg-1.0kg of diatom source or 80g-120g of directional diatom fertilizer every 30d in the mass fraction of water per mu in the last ten days of 4 months to 8 months each year, wherein the application mode is water dissolving and full pool splashing;
the EM microbial preparation and the compound bacillus microbial preparation are applied every 15 days according to the mass fraction of 1m water per mu in the middle ten days of 5 months to the upper ten days of 10 months of each year, and the effective viable count of 2 bacteria is more than 10x10 8 cfu/m, wherein the application mode is that the chemical water is splashed in a whole pool;
detecting the water quality of pool water in the last 8-9 months of each year, wherein when ammonia nitrogen is more than or equal to 0.5mg/L and nitrite is more than or equal to 0.15mg/L, a composite bacterial preparation mainly comprising nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria is preferably selected, and the water is sprayed in the whole pool; when in application, the aerator is started;
(2) Disease control
The method comprises the steps of (1 m of water per mu) in the last ten days of 5 months to 9 months of each year, applying povidone iodine and chlorine dioxide at equal intervals to perform splashing disinfection in a whole pond periodically every 20d, accurately grasping the dosage of the product, repeatedly applying for 1 time at intervals of 1d, and continuously applying for 3 times to perform water disinfection;
meanwhile, feeding a few of three yellow powder, radix isatidis, garlicin, VC and the like once a day, feeding one ton in the evening and feeding for about 5 days is a treatment course, and taking care that only 7 times are full in the day before feeding the medicine.
In this example, referring to fig. 1 to 3, in the existing macrobrachium rosenbergii culture pond, the pond is divided into a biological purification pond and a culture pond, which are separated by a dam, and a pond stem is built at the bottom of the dam; burying a U-shaped pipe below the pool ridge, wherein the U-shaped pipe is communicated with the biological purification pool and the culture pool;
20-30% of pond area is biological purifying pond, in which river crab, silver carp, freshwater mussel and snail are raised;
planting submerged plants in the biological purification tank, wherein the planting area accounts for more than 60% of the area of the biological purification tank;
the height of the dam is 80-90 cm and is lower than the height of the pond edge; a high blocking net which is convenient for water flow exchange is arranged at the top of the dam; meanwhile, blocking objects for climbing the river crabs are covered on the blocking net;
in the existing pond, a ridge is arranged in the middle, a dam is arranged on the ridge, and a U-shaped pipe is arranged below the pond ridge. Planting aquatic weed in 20-30% pond area, raising river crab, silver carp and bighead carp, throwing snail and freshwater mussel, and purifying. 70-80% of pond area is used for culturing macrobrachium rosenbergii. The dam is 80-90 cm high, a high blocking net is arranged on the dam, so that water flow exchange is facilitated, and the blocking net is covered with materials such as a calcium plastic plate, a white iron sheet, a nylon film and the like, so that river crabs can be prevented from climbing over to a macrobrachium rosenbergii cultivation area.
Submerged plants such as the waterweed, the grass picrasma, the goldfish algae, the foxtail algae, the gynura segetum and the like are planted in the biological purifying tank, and the coverage area is more than 60 percent so as to continuously absorb and utilize nutrient salts such as nitrogen and phosphorus remained in the water body.
A proper amount of filter feeding aquatic animals such as silver carp, bighead carp, snail, freshwater mussel and the like are bred in the biological purifying tank so as to filter phytoplankton in the water body, and a small amount of river crabs are bred to increase the benefit.
Claims (3)
1. A pond ecological breeding method of macrobrachium rosenbergii is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1. and (3) pond construction:
in the existing macrobrachium rosenbergii culture pond, the pond is divided into a biological purification pond and a culture pond, the biological purification pond and the culture pond are separated by a dyke, and a pond stem is built at the bottom of the dyke; burying a U-shaped pipe below the pool ridge, wherein the U-shaped pipe is communicated with the biological purification pool and the culture pool;
20-30% of pond area is biological purifying pond, in which river crab, silver carp, freshwater mussel and snail are raised;
planting submerged plants in the biological purification tank, wherein the planting area accounts for more than 60% of the area of the biological purification tank;
the height of the dam is 80-90 cm and is lower than the height of the pond edge; a high blocking net which is convenient for water flow exchange is arranged at the top of the dam; meanwhile, blocking objects for climbing the river crabs are covered on the blocking net;
2. macrobrachium rosenbergii culture
The pond ecological breeding method relates to a macrobrachium rosenbergii breeding pond which is a commodity shrimp breeding pond and does not comprise a shrimp larvae breeding pond;
in the middle and middle ten days of 5 months, when the water temperature of the commodity shrimp culture pond reaches more than 18 ℃, the shrimp larvae or outsourcing shrimp larvae cultured in the fishing and breeding pond are put into the commodity shrimp culture pond for commodity shrimp culture;
carrying out pond culture of macrobrachium rosenbergii commodity shrimps in 5 to 10 months of the current year;
the breeding period of the first round of macrobrachium rosenbergii: 5 months to 7 months of the current year;
2 nd round of macrobrachium rosenbergii young shrimp stocking period: 7 middle to 7 late of the current year;
the breeding period of the 3 rd round of macrobrachium rosenbergii fries: middle 8-8 th to late 8 th of the year;
2 nd culture period of macrobrachium rosenbergii: self-stocking dates to 10 late months;
the culture period of the 3 rd round macrobrachium rosenbergii: self-stocking dates to 10 late months;
the operation requirements of each cultivation stage include:
1) Preparation of culture pond
(1) Culture pond conditions
The pond depth is 2.0m, the average water depth is 1.8m, the water quality meets the secondary standard of the culture tail water of the 'discharge requirement of the tail water of the freshwater pond', and the bottom silt is 10 cm-15 cm or hard or sandy bottom;
(2) And (3) sun-curing: 10-11 months in the same year, after the giant freshwater shrimps are caught, thoroughly draining pool water, removing excessive sludge at the bottom of the pool, and then fully airing the pool until the shrimp seedlings are bred for 1 month;
(3) Bottom-changing and sterilizing
15-20 d before the 1 st shrimp larvae are put in culture, the pond is filled with water to a water level of 10cm, and 50-75 kg of quicklime is used for full disinfection per mu; the bottom of the pond can be thoroughly raked by a rotary cultivator on the next day after the quicklime is applied, so that the bottom mud and the quicklime are fully mixed;
(4) Fertilizer and water
7d after the quicklime is disinfected, water is fed to a water level of 50-60 cm, and rapeseed cakes are sprayed in the whole pond, wherein the dosage is 25 kg/mu; the biological fertilizer and water are used for 2 times 10d before the seedling is put, so that sufficient biological bait is provided for the shrimp seedlings to go into the pond, and the total consumption of 2 times is 25 kg/mu;
2) Seedling stocking
(1) Preparing before seedling placement: the seedling placement is carried out in the morning of sunny days, 1-2 hours before the seedling placement, an aerator is opened, the full Chi Posa vitamin C is added, and the seedling placement is evenly put in the upper tuyere along the side of the pond;
(2) And (3) stocking:
1 st batch of shrimp larvae: 4-5 ten thousand of macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings with the specification of 2-4 cm are bred in each mu in the last 5 months of the current year;
2 nd shrimp larvae: 10.0 kg-12.0 kg of macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings with the stocking specification of 600 tails/kg per mu in the middle ten days of 7 months to the late ten days of 7 months of the same year;
3 rd batch of shrimp larvae: 15.0 kg-20.0 kg of macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings with the stocking specification of 400 tails/kg per mu in the middle ten days of 8 months to the last ten days of 8 months of the same year;
3) Water level control
After the first batch of shrimp seedlings are put in, gradually deepening the water level until the average water level reaches 1.8m in middle and late 6 months; 7. 8, 9 months of high-temperature time festival, change water 1 time every 3-7 days, change water level height 15-30 cm each time, meet high-temperature time festival, can mix with river water after well water, pour into the culture pond, in order to reduce the water temperature;
4) Water quality regulation
In the high-temperature season, the EM bacteria, the lactic acid bacteria and the bacillus agent are alternately used for regulating the water quality every 10 days, and the dosage is 5 kg/mu; in the high temperature season, the bottom modification product with the main component of potassium ferrate is used for 1 time every 10 days; spraying quicklime for 1 time in the whole pool every 15-20 days, wherein the dosage is 5 kg/time; it should be noted that 5d before and 2d after sterilization with quicklime avoids the use of microecologics;
5) Oxygenation
The aerator is used in 6-9 months, and is started from 22:00 to 8:00 of the next day; starting time is advanced and prolonged in continuous overcast and rainy days or starting in daytime; starting the machine for 2-3 hours in rainy season and high temperature weather in a 13:00-16:00 mode; the aerator is mainly a surge machine or a micropore aerator;
6) Feed feeding
Feeding the shrimp larvae into a pond, feeding special feed with the protein content of 42% at the initial stage, and gradually converting the special feed into feed with the protein content of 41%; feeding for 2 times every day, wherein the feeding amount in the evening accounts for about 60% of the daily feeding amount respectively at 6:00-7:00 and 17:00-19:00; feeding 1 time a day from 15d before 10 months of pond cleaning; the feeding amount is 3 to 5 percent of the pond storage amount, the feeding is proper within 2 hours, and the feeding is adjusted according to the weather, molting and eating comprehensive factors, and the feeding is stopped in bad weather; the feeding tables are arranged in the pond, 1-2 feeding tables are arranged per mu, and the feeding tables are increased or decreased according to the residual bait condition;
7) Disease control
In the high temperature season, the iodine preparation is used for 1 time every 15 days, and the aerator is turned on at the same time in the morning of sunny days; feeding vitamin C, immune polysaccharide and lactobacillus for 1 time by alternately mixing the baits every 7-10 days, and continuously feeding for 2-3 days;
8) Capture of aquatic species
The adult shrimps can be caught and put on the market when the specification of the adult shrimps reaches 15 g/tail, the adult shrimps are caught from the middle and the last ten days of 7 months, and fishing nets with 3cm meshes are pulled for catching for 1 time every 15-17 d until the shrimps are cleared; opening the aerator and starting to drain water in the evening 1d before fishing to reduce the water level by 30-50 cm;
3. culturing river crabs, silver carps, bighead carps, clams and snails in the biological purifying tank:
the operation requirements of each cultivation stage include:
1) Preparing a biological purification tank: the requirements of pond conditions, pond sunning, bottom changing, disinfection and cultivation ponds are the same, but fertilizer and water are not carried out;
setting a safe and reliable escape prevention facility, taking a high-quality plastic film as a bank embankment escape material, burying the high-quality plastic film into 15cm of soil and 40-50 cm higher than the ground, fixing the high-quality plastic film by using small wood piles, connecting a water surface fence with the fence by using a polyethylene net sheet with the thickness of 1.5m, and supporting and fixing the high-quality plastic film by using moso bamboos; the inlet and outlet are sealed by 80 mesh bags, external invasion of foreign organisms is prevented, and internal river crabs are prevented from escaping;
2) Planting waterweeds:
after water enters the pond, planting waterweeds at the water level of 30-50 cm, planting various submerged plants in the waterweeds, the bitter grass, the goldfish algae, the foxtail algae and the gynura segetum, and cross planting the waterweeds, wherein the coverage area is more than 60 percent; the coverage rate of the aquatic plants is maintained at 60-70% during the cultivation period; when the water plants are too dense, manual cleaning is performed in time;
3) Seedling stocking
a. Silver carp and bighead carp species:
in the last ten days of 1 month of the year, 100 g/tail to 150 g/tail of silver carp seeds, 250 g/tail to 500 g/tail of bighead carp seeds and 100 to 150 g/mu of bighead carp seeds are bred per mu; the stocking proportion of the silver carps and the bighead carps is 2:1-1:1; before fish breeding, 3-5% salt water is used for 5-10 min;
b. crab seed throwing
2-3 months in the same year, selecting strong Yangtze river crab seedlings, wherein the specification of the seedlings is 160 seedlings/kg, and the stocking density is 0.2 kg/mu-0.8 kg/mu;
c. throwing snails and mussels
Before Qingming, selecting high-quality snails with reproductive capacity, putting in 2-5 kg/mu, and supplementing 2-5 kg/mu in 8 months according to the storage condition of the snails in the pond; simultaneously, throwing in 0.5-1 kg/mu of freshwater mussel;
4) Cultivation management
The ecological purifying pond is used for culturing silver carp and bighead carp, bait casting and fertilizer application are not needed, and the purpose of effectively utilizing the productivity of a pond water area is to purify water quality, wherein silver carp and bighead carp eat phytoplankton, humus, organic debris and residual feed in the filtering water body;
the ecological purifying pond is used for culturing river crabs, snails and clams, and feeding is not carried out, so that benthic organisms can absorb scraps in the sediment, and the sediment is improved;
5) Capture of aquatic species
Fishing silver carp, bighead carp, river crab, freshwater mussel and snail for sale in 10-11 months of the year.
2. The pond ecological breeding method of macrobrachium rosenbergii, which is characterized in that the method for changing the bottom and sterilizing in the preparation of the breeding pond comprises the following steps: removing excessive sludge after the pond is dried, applying 50-75 kg of quicklime, and ploughing, trimming and compacting the bottom of the pond; the water system is perfected, and excessive aquatic plants, silt and sundries in the water inlet and outlet river channels are removed.
3. The pond ecological breeding method of macrobrachium rosenbergii according to claim 1, wherein the operation requirements of the breeding management further comprise:
(1) Water quality control
In the breeding period of 1 st round of macrobrachium rosenbergii, when the water temperature is 18-20 ℃ in 5 middle month, the EM microbial preparation is applied according to the mass fraction of 1m water per mu, and the effective viable count is more than 10x10 8 cfu/ml, wherein the application mode is sprinkling in a whole pool after water dissolving;
repeating the above steps of supplementing bacteria and regulating water for 3d-4d before stocking the 2 nd macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings;
the method comprises the steps of (1) applying 0.5kg-1.0kg of diatom source or 80g-120g of directional diatom fertilizer every 30d according to the mass fraction of water per mu.1m in the last ten days of 4 months to 8 months each year, wherein the application mode is water dissolving whole pool splashing;
the EM microbial preparation and the compound bacillus microbial preparation are applied every 15 days according to the mass fraction of 1m water per mu in the middle ten days of 5 months to the upper ten days of 10 months of each year, and the effective viable count of 2 bacteria is more than 10x10 8 cfu/m, wherein the application mode is that the chemical water is splashed in a whole pool;
detecting the water quality of pool water in the last 8-9 months of each year, wherein when ammonia nitrogen is more than or equal to 0.5mg/L and nitrite is more than or equal to 0.15mg/L, a composite bacterial preparation mainly comprising nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria is preferably selected, and the water is sprayed in the whole pool; when in application, the aerator is started;
(2) Disease control
The povidone iodine and chlorine dioxide are applied to the whole pond at intervals for splashing disinfection every 20d according to the mass fraction of 1m water per mu in the last 5-9 months each year, the dosage of the product is accurately mastered, the application is repeated for 1 time at intervals of 1d, and the water disinfection is completed after 3 times of continuous use;
meanwhile, three yellow powder, radix isatidis, garlicin and/or vitamin C are fed once a day, 5 days after one ton of feeding in the evening is a treatment course, and only 7 times of full feeding are needed before the medicine is fed.
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