CN108029489A - Northern area lotus rhizome, prawn and the intercropping method of loach - Google Patents
Northern area lotus rhizome, prawn and the intercropping method of loach Download PDFInfo
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- CN108029489A CN108029489A CN201810048358.XA CN201810048358A CN108029489A CN 108029489 A CN108029489 A CN 108029489A CN 201810048358 A CN201810048358 A CN 201810048358A CN 108029489 A CN108029489 A CN 108029489A
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- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of northern area lotus rhizome, prawn and the intercropping method of loach, following steps are specifically included：Artificial breeding mud fish fry；Regulating water quality, it is thick to carry out prawn seed mark；Build lotus rhizome breeding pond；The step of carrying out lotus rhizome, prawn and the ecological mixed breed of loach.The present invention is applied in the freshwater aquiculture environment of northern area, and using the intergrowth theory of loach, prawn and lotus rhizome, agricultural planting is organically combined with aquaculture, realizes zoology breeding plant（Grow）, the productive potentialities of lotus field have fully been excavated, the meat of prawn and loach has been improved, reduces water resources consumption, add culture benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of aquaculture, particularly a kind of method of Plants and Animals intercropping.
Background technology
Misgurnus Anguillicaudatus be distributed wide, resistance is strong, easily cultivation the features such as, and have higher medical value, be known as " people in water
The laudatory title of ginseng ".In recent years, loach has become the treasure on common people's dining table.Loach is stronger to environment-adapting ability, easily breeding and
Cultivation, and production cost is low, high financial profit, and the artificial breeding of loach is increasingly had an optimistic view of by numerous raisers.
At present, in the loach breeding of northern area, using the breeding way concentrated dispensing, concentrate fishing, such a mode
Simple increase throw-in density is taken mostly, improves feed horizontal mode to improve yield, but disease is serious, is particularly easy to out
Existing " stealing dead " situation, causes benefit low；And in the breeding process of loach, regular groundwater abstraction is needed, large area is carried out and changes
Water, energy consumption are big.Also a kind of breeding way is to use ecological polyculturing, i.e., using loach-lotus rhizome intercropping, in different regions, tradition is supported
On the basis of growing, increase income per acre 30% or so, but energy saving aspect still has the problem of energy consumption is big.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the invention is to provide a kind of ecological cultivation method applied to northern area, to save
About on the basis of the energy, the yield of loach, prawn and lotus rhizome is improved.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows.
Northern area lotus rhizome, prawn and the intercropping method of loach, specifically include following steps：
A. artificial breeding mud fish fry；
B. regulating water quality, it is thick to carry out prawn seed mark；
C. lotus rhizome breeding pond is built；
D. when loach fry cultivated to 3cm or so, to shrimp seedling mark slightly to 2.5cm or so when, launch in lotus rhizome breeding pond；Pass through
Feed is precisely fed, Tiny ecosystem agent regulating water quality, the mode of regular pre- disease prevention and monitored over time breeding environment carry out lotus rhizome,
Prawn and the ecological mixed breed of loach.
Above-mentioned northern area lotus rhizome, prawn and the intercropping method of loach, step A specifically include herein below：
A1. artificial induced spawning：When water temperature is up to 22 DEG C or so, selects belly and expand full, soft flexible, belly can be seen upward
The profile of ovary, strokes that belly rib cage is obvious with hand, and constitution is good for the disease-free and injury-free raun of shape and hand touches pectoral fin and has the hero of harsh feeling
Fish is used to hasten parturition；
A2. oviposition facility is prepared：Oviposition 40 mesh screen makings oviposition case, bottom tiling fortune windmillpalm sheath-fibre fish nest, the parent that will have been hastened parturition
Fish is put into case by male and female 1: 1.2~1: 1.5, and when oviposition will keep surrounding environment quiet, the general ecbolic effect time 11~
13 it is small when, oviposition it is sustainable 7~8 it is small when；
A3. hatch：Hatched using cylinder, circuit or net cage is hatched, the hatching cylinder of 0.4 cubic metre of water body put ovum grain 600,000~
1000000, every cube of water body of circuit puts ovum 800,000~1,000,000, and net cage, which inflates every cube of water body, can put 200,000 or so, ovum；Incubate
Water temperature is 20~28 DEG C during change, and the rupture of membranes time is when 30~35 is small；
A4. seed rearing：Pond area for seed rearing is 30~100 square metres, the depth of water is 40~60 centimetres, Chi Geng,
Bottom of pond is tamped, and bottom of pond is smooth, the mud that 15~20 centimetres of place mat, is set into draining and blocks the close net of fish, is launched in pond and is accounted for the gross area 1/4
Duckweed；Put before seedling to clean up the pond disinfection, 50~60 centimetres of water filling, every square metre of 0.3~0.5kg of organic fertilizer, pond was stirred every 1~2 day
Once, fry is launched when wheel animalcule reaches peak within 7~10 days, every square metre puts 800~1000 tail of seedling, and water temperature difference is no more than when putting in a suitable place to breed in bottom
2℃；A small amount of diligent chicken manure juice noted new water, impose fermentation in cultivating process, culture natural bait is biological, large-scale branch occurs in pond
Angle class, is killed with 0.3~0.5g/ cubic metres of metrifonate, if natural bait is insufficient, is increased and is thrown the essences such as yolk, fish meal, milk powder, soya-bean milk
Bait；When fry is grown to 2.5~3 centimetres can point pool it is dilute support.
Above-mentioned northern area lotus rhizome, prawn and the intercropping method of loach, the induced spawning method in step A1 are：Raun is hastened parturition
Agent kind uses HCG5~10IU/g human chorionic gonadtropins, luteotropin releasing hormone d-ala analog LHRH~A20.01~0.02
μ g/g or to be used in mixed way dosage be DOM0.003~0.005mg/g and LHRH~A20.005 μ g/g；Milter ocyodinic halves；
Injecting method method is 0.9% normal saline dilution of ocyodinic, now with the current, and using a shot, liquid volume is pressed per tail
0.2mL is prepared, and injection site is muscle of back, and pin and fish body are into 45 degree of angles, 0.3~0.4 centimetre of depth of needle, by parent after injection
Fish is put into net cage.
Above-mentioned northern area lotus rhizome, prawn and the intercropping method of loach, step B specifically include herein below：
B1. thick mode is marked using Tu Chi desalinations, establishes prawn shrimp seed rearing nursery pond, one jiao of nursery pond with the mesh sieve of 40 mesh ~ 60
Tulle crosses storage pond, holding pond, depth of water 50cm or so；
B2. clean up the pond disinfection；
B3. basic food organisms are cultivated in nursery pond；
B4. regulating water quality, water quality requirement pH value 7.8-8.5, more than dissolved oxygen 6mg/L, below ammoniacal nitrogen 0.1mg/L；
B5 shrimp seedlings are chosen；
B6. shrimp seedling is put in a suitable place to breed.
Above-mentioned northern area lotus rhizome, prawn and the intercropping method of loach, step C specifically include herein below：
C1. the pond that area is 50~100 square metres is built, pond surrounding is higher by water surface 40cm, 60 °~70 ° of the pond ridge gradient, pond
Deep 80~100cm, pond should tamp pool wall after scraping out, and do bank protection with 50cm × 50cm cement plates, bottom of pond is laid with humic soil
20cm or so, the depth of water keep 30~50cm；
C2. the ditch of nearly 1m depths is dug out along the edge in pond, solid nylon net cloth is then taped against ground, Buddhist nun always from bottom of trench
The interface of imperial screen cloth must be also completely embedded；The upper end of nylon net cloth, is fixed every 1 meter or so with timber, ensures nylon net cloth not
Scraped off by strong wind；After the edge in nylon net cloth along pond is paved with, nylon net cloth is compacted with the soil dug out；
C3. set in pond into pumping equipment：Water inlet and discharge outlet should be in that diagonal is set, and water inlet is higher by the water surface
20cm, discharge outlet is located at fish-pit bottom, and is connected on pvc pipe in discharge outlet, and the top of pvc pipe is simultaneously higher by water surface 30cm, draining
When adjust pvc pipe height to adjust water level；
C4., the fish-pit being connected with discharge outlet is set in bottom of pond, and area is the 5% of bottom of pond area, deeper 30~35cm than bottom of pond, fish-pit
Four walls surrounded with plank or with cement brick barnacle into；
C5. the Qing Ming Day front and rear Lotus planting in pond.
Above-mentioned northern area lotus rhizome, prawn and the intercropping method of loach, step D is 10 days before seed dispensing is carried out, to pond
The pool is leveled, and looks into hole leak stopping, dredging intake-discharge pipe road, turns over bottom of pond mud；Draining is to after depth of water 10cm, every 10 square metres of water
Face is sterilized with full pool spilling head after 1kg quicklime slurryings；After cleaning up the pond 3 days, 30cm, basal dressing are added water to, every 10 cubic metres of water bodys are applied
Enter chicken manure 3kg or pig, ox, human excrement 5kg, can also per cubic meter of water application nitrogenous fertilizer 7g, phosphate fertilizer 1g.
It is as follows as a result of above technical scheme, the invention technological progress.
The present invention is applied in the freshwater aquiculture environment of northern area, using the intergrowth theory of loach, prawn and lotus rhizome, leads to
The cultivation for strengthening loach and Penaeus Vannmei is crossed, by taking improvement pond environment, the comprehensive regulation of water quality and the essence of feed
Standard such as feeds at the measure, and agricultural planting is organically combined with aquaculture, realizes zoology breeding plant（Grow）, fully excavate
The productive potentialities of lotus field, improve the meat of prawn and loach, reduce water resources consumption, add culture benefit.
During the intercropping with loach, prawn and lotus rhizome, screening is provided using growth of the leaf of lotus rhizome for loach and prawn
Cloudy effect, promotes loach and prawn fast-growth；Meanwhile excrement caused by loach and prawn for efficiency natural bio-feritlizer quilt
Lotus rhizome absorbs, and promotes lotus rhizome growth and quality to greatly improve；In addition, the residual leaf of lotus rhizome can be ingested by loach, greatly reduce
Labor management cost.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention will be described in further detail.
A kind of northern area lotus rhizome, prawn and the intercropping method of loach, specifically include following steps：Artificial breeding loach
Seedling；Regulating water quality, it is thick to carry out prawn seed mark；Build lotus rhizome breeding pond；Carry out lotus rhizome, prawn and the ecological mixed breed of loach
The step of.Specifically include following steps.
A. artificial breeding mud fish fry.
A1. artificial induced spawning：When water temperature is up to 22 DEG C or so, selects belly and expand full, soft flexible, belly upward can
See the profile of ovary, stroke that belly rib cage is obvious with hand, constitution is good for the disease-free and injury-free raun of shape and hand touches pectoral fin and has harsh feeling
Milter be used for hasten parturition.
Induced spawning method is：The ocyodinic kind of raun is released using HCG5~10IU/g human chorionic gonadtropins, luteotropin
It is DOM0.003~0.005mg/g and LHRH to put the μ g/g of hormone analogs LHRH~A20.01~0.02 or be used in mixed way dosage
~A20.005 μ g/g；Milter ocyodinic halves；Injecting method method is 0.9% normal saline dilution of ocyodinic, now with the current,
Using a shot, liquid volume is pressed to be prepared per tail 0.2mL, and injection site is muscle of back, and pin is deep into 45 degree of angles, inserting needle with fish body
Parent population, is put into net cage by 0.3~0.4 centimetre of degree after injection.
A2. oviposition facility is prepared：Oviposition 40 mesh screen makings oviposition case, bottom tiling fortune windmillpalm sheath-fibre fish nest, will hasten parturition
Parent population be put into by male and female 1: 1.2~1: 1.5 in case, when oviposition, will keep surrounding environment quiet, and the general ecbolic effect time exists
11~13 it is small when, oviposition it is sustainable 7~8 it is small when.
A3. hatch：Hatched using cylinder, circuit or net cage is hatched, the hatching cylinder of 0.4 cubic metre of water body puts ovum grain 60
Ten thousand~1,000,000, every cube of water body of circuit puts ovum 800,000~1,000,000, and net cage, which inflates every cube of water body, can put 200,000 left sides of ovum
It is right；Water temperature is 20~28 DEG C during hatching, and the rupture of membranes time is when 30~35 is small.
To strengthen management during hatching, often scrub filter screen, prevent from running seedling.Current are adjusted according to fry developmental state
And aeration quantity, in the 3rd day desirable fish nest of rupture of membranes, bait, such as wheel animalcule, yolk are fed, son can be transferred to after feeding three days
Fish breeding phase.
A4. seed rearing：Pond area for seed rearing is 30~100 square metres, the depth of water is 40~60 centimetres, pond
The ridge, bottom of pond compacting, bottom of pond is smooth, the mud that 15~20 centimetres of place mat, is set into draining and blocks the close net of fish, is launched in pond and accounts for the gross area 1/
4 duckweed；Put before seedling to clean up the pond disinfection, 50~60 centimetres of water filling, every square metre of 0.3~0.5kg of organic fertilizer, stirred every 1~2 day
Bottom of pond once, launches fry in 7~10 days, every square metre puts 800~1000 tail of seedling, and water temperature difference does not surpass when putting in a suitable place to breed when wheel animalcule reaches peak
Cross 2 DEG C；A small amount of diligent chicken manure juice noted new water, impose fermentation in cultivating process, culture natural bait is biological, occurs in pond large-scale
Cladocera, is killed with 0.3~0.5g/ cubic metres of metrifonate, if natural bait is insufficient, is increased and is thrown yolk, fish meal, milk powder, soya-bean milk etc.
Smart bait；When fry is grown to 2.5~3 centimetres can point pool it is dilute support.
Before loach seedling body length is less than 2 centimetres, according to water colour situation, appropriate top dressing is answered.It is each per cubic meter of water when water temperature is low
Apply quick-acting 2 grams of ammonium nitrate；When water temperature is higher, 2.5 grams of urea is applied per cubic meter of water.Generally apply once, continuously apply 2~3 times every other day,
It is later then according to water quality fertilizer degree regulated fertilization concentration and interval time, water colour preferably yellow green, the depth of water control 30 centimetres with
Interior, transparency is controlled at 20 centimetres or so.Meanwhile every 200,000 tail seed wears into 15 kilograms of soya-bean milk with 1 kilogram of soya bean, sooner or later daily
Respectively splash 1 time.Raising can change after 3~5 days feeds water flea, wheel animalcule, the silk earthworm smashed to pieces or silkworm chrysalis.By the cultivation of 10 days or so,
When loach seedlings grow to 1 centimetre or so, insect larvae, cladocera and organic debris in the water that can ingest etc., can feed what is smashed
Pluck, blood meal and soya-bean cake etc..Daily morning and afternoon respectively throws once.The 2%~5% of every day feeding volume percentage of liveweight during beginning, after
As growth day feeding volume rises to the 8%~10% of percentage of liveweight.
B. regulating water quality, it is thick to carry out prawn seed mark.
It is thick that the mark of shrimp seedling can slightly use Tu Chi desalinations to mark, and vinyl house, greenhouse etc. can also be used to carry out desalination mark slightly,
It is thick that desalination mark is preferably carried out using Tu Chi in the present invention.
B1. thick mode is marked using Tu Chi desalinations, establishes prawn shrimp seed rearing nursery pond, one jiao of nursery pond with 40 mesh ~ 60
Mesh sieve tulles cross storage pond, holding pond, depth of water 50cm or so.When using vinyl house, greenhouse when carry out desalination mark it is thick when, cement pit face
Product is with 15m2~20m2Left and right is advisable, and pond depth is 1.Om or so.
B2. clean up the pond disinfection.When the depth of water is in 15cm ~ 25cm, using 75kg/ mus~8okm/ mus of quick lime, uniformly splash,
The harmful organism in nursery pond and causal organism are killed, after 3 days~4 days shine pond, continues 5cm ~ l0cm of intaking, then presses
200g/ mus ~ 250g/ mus of dosage full pool spilling head bromochloroin, thoroughly to kill cause of disease and harmful organism.
B3. basic food organisms are cultivated in nursery pond.Using Tu Chi desalination marks it is thick when, cultivate basic food organisms when
Between generally carry out putting before seedling 10 days ~ 15 days, can intake 50cm after cleaning up the pond 1 week, apply the organic fertilizer through everfermentation and micro- life
Thing preparation media plinth food organisms, Rate of Organic Fertilizer is l00kg/ mus ~ 150kg/ mus, or 1.5k/ mus of calcium superphosphate, makes water colour
In yellow green or dark brown, water transparence 25cm-35cm.
B4. regulating water quality, water quality requirement pH value 7.8-8.5, more than dissolved oxygen 6mg/L, below ammoniacal nitrogen 0.1mg/L.Into
That morning of seedling, injects storage pond, holding pond to depth of water 0.6m by fresh water, and then water quality is adjusted to and nursery with crude salt or sea-water extract
Similar salinity, and EDTA-2Na is added by 3ppm-5ppm concentration, micro oxygenation, makes every effort to make storage pond, holding pond water quality and larval rearing water
Matter is close to unanimously.
B5. shrimp seedling is chosen.The requirement of Penaeus Vannmei seed is healthy and strong vivaciously, the bodily form is elongated, uniform in size, body surface is clean, head
Cuirass edge is not rolled, the limpid symmetrical, tail fan of eyes opens, muscle enriches, stomach is full, trip sensitive to extraneous stimulate the reaction
Have during swimming obvious directionality mesh have top water move about and be stained with wallflow be, be placed on palm can beat, body transparency is big, whole body without
The SPF shrimp seedlings of lesion.
During operation, some tail shrimp seedlings are taken at random from nursery pond, embedded them with the wet towel wrung out, after ten minutes
Yuan Chi is put back in taking-up, is high-quality shrimp seedling if surviving in shrimp seedling, is otherwise seedling inferior.Thick Penaeus Vannmei specification is marked for desalinating
Preferably long more than the 0.5cm of body, specification is too small, and the survival rate formed is relatively low.
B6. shrimp seedling is put in a suitable place to breed.When Tu Chi is put in a suitable place to breed, water temperature requirement is put selection of time in a suitable place to breed in the fine day morning or is close to more than 20 DEG C
Evening carries out, and seedling is put when never direct sunlight or rainy day water quality are muddy at noon.From nursery seedling taking when should be noted that just shell
Shrimp seedling body surface is softer, and constitution is relatively weak, must be through that could recover after a certain period of time freely；The processes such as nursery draining collection seedling are best
Noon should be selected in or carry out in the afternoon, and packed with former nursery pond water, to reduce the stress reaction of shrimp seedling, improve shrimp seedling fortune
Defeated survival rate.After shrimp seedling is transported back, first shrimp seedling bag is put into storage pond, holding pond, after water temperature balance inside and outside bag, shrimp seedling is put into pond.
Pond finishes under shrimp seedling, should moderately increase oxygenation amount in time.
Shrimp seedling in storage pond, holding pond usually selects the long 0.3cm ~ 0.5cm shrimp seedlings of body, and breeding density is usually 20,000 tails/m3-3 ten thousand
Tail/m3。
When Tu Chi puts seedling, pond starts after 2 days under shrimp seedling plus water desalination, water inlet are filtered with 60 mesh ettings, adds daily within first 2 days
Water 5cm, after the 3rd day every other day plus water 1 time, every time plus water 15cm, when water level is deepened to 1.0m or so after 5 days, sooner or later points 2 times daily
Fresh water 3cm-5cm is added into pond, i.e., daily water salinity declines " 0.5 lattice " left and right.
Cultivated by -15 days 10 days, shrimp is received when shrimp seedling body length is to 2.5cm, after selecting the weather of benign climate, shrimp seedling to count
Turn pool cultivation.
When select vinyl house, greenhouse when carry out desalination mark it is thick when, should be from the next day behind pond under shrimp seedling, every morning adds
Add fresh water 5cm, water proportion is reduced " 1 lattice " daily, i.e., the scale on brine hydrometer, such as 1.015, which are down to 1.014, is down to
1.013 etc.；After 6 days, i.e., from water water level deepens the next day to 90cm, every morning first discharges water 10cm, adds
Fresh water 5cm, adds fresh water 5cm afternoons, water water level is maintained 90cm, and water proportion can equally reduce " 1 daily
Lattice "；It is when water proportion is down to 1.006 ~ 1.005, i.e., every in first 4 days to 5 days from the 10th day behind pond under shrimp seedling or the 11st day
Its morning discharge water 15cm, in latter 4 days to 5 days every morning discharge water 20cm, and fresh water addition be still using the morning with
Afternoon, respectively the injection same day answered the 50% of injected water volume, water water level is remained 90cm, water proportion can reduce daily
" 0.6 lattice ~ 0.7 lattice ", water salinity is about 5/1000ths at this time.
C. lotus rhizome breeding pond is built.
Farming site should have abundant water resources, into draining convenience, energy self-priming from arranging, and water quality should be pure and fresh, pollution-free, with neutral or micro-
Acid argillaceous soil is advisable, it is desirable to which sunny, environment quiet, traffic convenience, power supply are normal.
C1. loach is of less demanding to breeding environment, and rice field, garden cement pit, hidding and sunny side are close to the pool at water source, the shallow pool
Deng.After selecting solution space, the pond that area is 50~100 square metres is built, pond surrounding is higher by the water surface 40cm, Chi Geng
60 °~70 ° of the gradient, the deep 80~100cm in pond, pond should tamp pool wall after scraping out, and bank protection, pond are done with 50cm × 50cm cement plates
Bottom is laid with humic soil 20cm or so, and the depth of water keeps 30~50cm.
C2. the ditch of nearly 1m depths is dug out along the edge in pond, then solid nylon net cloth is taped against ground always from bottom of trench
Face, the interface of nylon net cloth must be also completely embedded；The upper end of nylon net cloth, is fixed every 1 meter or so with timber, ensures nylon wire
Cloth is not scraped off by strong wind；After the edge in nylon net cloth along pond is paved with, nylon net cloth is compacted with the soil dug out, is prevented
Loach escapes and harmful organisms enter.
C3. set in pond into pumping equipment：Water inlet and discharge outlet should be in that diagonal is set, and water inlet is higher by the water surface
20cm, discharge outlet is located at fish-pit bottom, and is connected on pvc pipe in discharge outlet, and the top of pvc pipe is simultaneously higher by water surface 30cm, draining
When adjust pvc pipe height to adjust water level, and set a circle anti-escape network in pipe external application timber.By pond have loach fecal pollution,
The bottom water discharge of residual bait pollution；During draining, lift and intubation is erected in pond, the poor bottom water of water quality is discharged like this
Go.
C4. for convenience of catching, the fish-pit being connected with discharge outlet is set in bottom of pond, area is the 5% of bottom of pond area, compares bottom of pond
Deep 30~35cm, four wall of fish-pit surrounded with plank or with cement brick barnacle into.
C5. the Qing Ming Day front and rear Lotus planting in pond.
D.5 at the beginning of the moon, when loach fry cultivated to 3cm or so, to shrimp seedling mark slightly to 2.5cm or so when, lotus rhizome kind is arrived in dispensing
Support in pond；Precisely fed by feed, Tiny ecosystem agent regulating water quality, periodically pre- disease prevention and monitored over time breeding environment side
Formula.
10 days before seed dispensing is carried out, pond is leveled, looks into hole leak stopping, dredging intake-discharge pipe road, turns over bottom of pond
Mud；To after depth of water 10cm, every 10 square metres of waters surface are sterilized with full pool spilling head after 1kg quicklime slurryings for draining；After cleaning up the pond 3 days,
30cm, basal dressing are added water to, every 10 cubic metres of water bodys apply chicken manure 3kg or pig, ox, human excrement 5kg, can also per cubic meter of water
Apply nitrogenous fertilizer 7g, phosphate fertilizer 1g.
Seed is launched：Replace the time in spring and summer, be usually early May, treat water colour virescence in pond, transparency is maintained at
15cm, can be put into mud fish fry and be cultivated, and density is every square metre of 60~80 tails；When mud fish fry is launched two days later, into pond
Launch to shrimp seedling, density is every square metre of 10 ~ 12 tails.
It should be noted that during seed is launched：With 20~30 g/l of salt water dipping bath 10 minutes or so before dispensing,
To kill the pathogen of body surface；Examination water is first carried out before putting in a suitable place to breed, checks whether water body toxicity eliminates；The water in seedling container is contained when putting seedling
Temperature with the water temperature difference be less than 2 DEG C, as loach fry be by Nylon Bag be oxygenated transport, then should make " slow seedling " place before pond-inputting
Reason, oxygenation Nylon Bag is placed in pond 20 minutes, when water temperature is consistent inside and outside oxygenation Nylon Bag, then is slowly released；Dispensing will be selected
The fine day morning or input in afternoon are selected, blows, rain, air pressure is low and cold weather should not launch seed.
, it is necessary to carry out feeding for feed after seed dispensing：Progressively deepen water level to 50cm, take measures of fertilizer to cultivate day
Right bait and vegetal bait and animal bait, at regular time and quantity positioning feed the smart bait such as bean dregs, wheat bran, rice bran, soya-bean cake,
Each 1 time of upper and lower noon daily, daily ration of feeding are the 4%~10% of loach weight；During more than 15 DEG C of water temperature, loach appetite is with water temperature liter
It is high and strengthen；At 25~27 DEG C, appetite is especially vigorous；More than 28 DEG C, appetite is faded；During more than 30 DEG C or less than 12 DEG C,
Stop feeding bait.
The bait manually fed is accomplished agreeable to the taste, fresh.Notice that bait kind cannot often change during bait feeding,
It is no it will cause the reduction of loach stage food ration, influence the speed of growth.In addition, loach is voracious, when feeding animal bait not
Preferably allow loach to stuff oneself, otherwise, influence enteron aisle breathing, and produce toxic gas and lethal.
Vegetal bait and animal bait feed ratio under different water temperature conditions：Water temperature is less than 10 DEG C or higher than 30 DEG C
When, it is few to throw or do not throw；11~20 DEG C of water temperature, vegetal bait accounts for 60%~70%, and animal bait accounts for 30%~40%；Water temperature
21~23 DEG C, vegetal bait and animal bait respectively account for 50%；24~29 DEG C of water temperature, vegetal bait accounts for 30%~40%,
Animal bait accounts for 60%~70%.March, daily ration, feeding quantity was loach gross weight 1%~2%；4-5 month daily ration, feeding quantities are loach gross weight 3%
~6%；7-August part daily ration, feeding quantity can increase to the 6%~7% of loach gross weight, and September part daily ration, feeding quantity is gradually decreased to the 3% of loach gross weight；More
Winter, 2 months December to next years can not feed, and only need to increase depth of water, be put into pigs and cattle excrement in Chi Jiao, to improve water temperature, really
Protect loach safe overwintering；
, it is necessary to carry out the adjusting of water quality according to the transparency of water in pond during nursing.After loach is put in a suitable place to breed, according to water quality fertilizer
The thin in due course top dressing of situation, cultivates planktonic organism, and water is advisable with yellow green, and transparency is advisable with 20~25 centimetres, and acid-base value is
Neutral or faintly acid；When water colour is changed into below 2 mg/litre of dark brown, dark brown or dissolved oxygen in water, to inject in time new
Water；Commonly using effective microorganism preparation；When water temperature reaches 30 DEG C, more renew water in time, and increase depth, to reduce water temperature,
Prevent from raising the nose above water to breathe；It was found that loach swims over to the water surface often when gulping down gas, show anoxic in water, should stop applying fertilizer, inject new water immediately.
Meanwhile want early, middle and late during nursing and respectively patrol the pool 1 time, the activity of observation loach and water colour situation of change, meanwhile, see
Examine aquaculture pond whether there is percolating water, loach whether there is escape phenomenon, and cement pit will remove residual bait daily.
, it is necessary to carry out the prevention of disease during ecological polyculturing.To rely mainly on prevention in work is cultivated, prevent, control combination；Often
First quarter moon splashes sterilization once with bleaching powder, makes water concentration for 1mg/L or 1 meter of 10~15 kilograms of depth of water quick lime is watered per acre
Splash；During summer and autumn high growth temperature, new water, the old water of discharge are often filled, new 20-30 centimetres of water is filled every time, keeps water quality
Fresh fertilizer is living, and stablizes relatively.
When there is special disease, specific medicine need to be launched and treated：1）Bubble illness.Because oxygen in water is insufficient, molten
The satiety of solution oxygen or other gas contents cause more.Symptom：Loach is bubbled through the water column, and belly is heaved like bubble.Control method：Strengthen day
Often management, prevents water quality deterioration.During morbidity, new water is filled immediately, and per acre with full pool spilling head after 4~6 kilograms of dissolvings of salt.2）
Trichodinasis.Symptom is sick loach gynecological ailments, is often bubbled through the water column, rapid uneasy, or is spinned in the water surface, and skin mucus is more, mirror
Inspection has Trichodina.Control method：With the copper sulphate and mixture of ferrous sulfate full pool spilling head of 0.7 milliliter/kilogram.3）Red fin fish disease.By
Caused by brevibacterium infection.Fin, belly, skin and the perianal hyperemia of sick loach, fester, and tail fin, pectoral fin are rubescent, rot.It is anti-
Control method：With 1 mg/kg of bleaching powder full pool spilling head.
Captured before the end of the year then to second year May, take catch stay greatly it is small, listing specification 70~90 tails/kilogram；Fishing
Method：Based on seine, supplemented by cage net, dry pool fishing is finally carried out.
The present embodiment carries out lotus rhizome, prawn and the mixed breeding of loach for Handan in Hebei province somewhere, 5 mu of area is tested, through 4
To the cultivation of 5 months, per mu yield loach 1820kg, per mu yield lotus rhizome 6000kg, prawn 25kg, income from sales is up to 82760 yuan, deduction mu
22700 yuan of cost（Wherein per acre bait take 11600 yuan, seed take 10800 yuan, 100 yuan of the electricity charge, 200 yuan of labour cost）, mu net income
Profit is up to 60060 yuan.
Claims (6)
1. northern area lotus rhizome, prawn and the intercropping method of loach, it is characterised in that specifically include following steps：
A. artificial breeding mud fish fry；
B. regulating water quality, it is thick to carry out prawn seed mark；
C. lotus rhizome breeding pond is built；
D. when loach fry cultivated to 3cm or so, to shrimp seedling mark slightly to 2.5cm or so when, launch in lotus rhizome breeding pond；Pass through
Feed is precisely fed, Tiny ecosystem agent regulating water quality, the mode of regular pre- disease prevention and monitored over time breeding environment carry out lotus rhizome,
Prawn and the ecological mixed breed of loach.
2. northern area lotus rhizome according to claim 1, prawn and the intercropping method of loach, it is characterised in that step A has
Body includes herein below：
A1. artificial induced spawning：When water temperature is up to 22 DEG C or so, selects belly and expand full, soft flexible, belly can be seen upward
The profile of ovary, strokes that belly rib cage is obvious with hand, and constitution is good for the disease-free and injury-free raun of shape and hand touches pectoral fin and has the hero of harsh feeling
Fish is used to hasten parturition；
A2. oviposition facility is prepared：Oviposition 40 mesh screen makings oviposition case, bottom tiling fortune windmillpalm sheath-fibre fish nest, the parent that will have been hastened parturition
Fish is put into case by male and female 1: 1.2~1: 1.5, and when oviposition will keep surrounding environment quiet, the general ecbolic effect time 11~
13 it is small when, oviposition it is sustainable 7~8 it is small when；
A3. hatch：Hatched using cylinder, circuit or net cage is hatched, the hatching cylinder of 0.4 cubic metre of water body put ovum grain 600,000~
1000000, every cube of water body of circuit puts ovum 800,000~1,000,000, and net cage, which inflates every cube of water body, can put 200,000 or so, ovum；Incubate
Water temperature is 20~28 DEG C during change, and the rupture of membranes time is when 30~35 is small；
A4. seed rearing：Pond area for seed rearing is 30~100 square metres, the depth of water is 40~60 centimetres, Chi Geng,
Bottom of pond is tamped, and bottom of pond is smooth, the mud that 15~20 centimetres of place mat, is set into draining and blocks the close net of fish, is launched in pond and is accounted for the gross area 1/4
Duckweed；Put before seedling to clean up the pond disinfection, 50~60 centimetres of water filling, every square metre of 0.3~0.5kg of organic fertilizer, pond was stirred every 1~2 day
Once, fry is launched when wheel animalcule reaches peak within 7~10 days, every square metre puts 800~1000 tail of seedling, and water temperature difference is no more than when putting in a suitable place to breed in bottom
2℃；A small amount of diligent chicken manure juice noted new water, impose fermentation in cultivating process, culture natural bait is biological, large-scale branch occurs in pond
Angle class, is killed with 0.3~0.5g/ cubic metres of metrifonate, if natural bait is insufficient, is increased and is thrown the essences such as yolk, fish meal, milk powder, soya-bean milk
Bait；When fry is grown to 2.5~3 centimetres can point pool it is dilute support.
3. northern area lotus rhizome according to claim 2, prawn and the intercropping method of loach, it is characterised in that step A1
In induced spawning method be：The ocyodinic kind of raun is swashed using HCG5~10IU/g human chorionic gonadtropins, luteotropin release
The μ g/g of plain analog LHRH~A20.01~0.02 or be used in mixed way dosage for DOM0.003~0.005mg/g and LHRH~
A20.005μg/g；Milter ocyodinic halves；Injecting method method is 0.9% normal saline dilution of ocyodinic, now with the current, is adopted
With a shot, liquid volume is pressed to be prepared per tail 0.2mL, and injection site is muscle of back, and pin and fish body are into 45 degree of angles, depth of needle
0.3~0.4 centimetre, parent population is put into net cage after injection.
4. northern area lotus rhizome according to claim 1, prawn and the intercropping method of loach, it is characterised in that step B has
Body includes herein below：
B1. thick mode is marked using Tu Chi desalinations, establishes prawn shrimp seed rearing nursery pond, one jiao of nursery pond with the mesh sieve of 40 mesh ~ 60
Tulle crosses storage pond, holding pond, depth of water 50cm or so；
B2. clean up the pond disinfection；
B3. basic food organisms are cultivated in nursery pond；
B4. regulating water quality, water quality requirement pH value 7.8-8.5, more than dissolved oxygen 6mg/L, below ammoniacal nitrogen 0.1mg/L；
B5 shrimp seedlings are chosen；
B6. shrimp seedling is put in a suitable place to breed.
5. northern area lotus rhizome according to claim 1, prawn and the intercropping method of loach, it is characterised in that step C has
Body includes herein below：
C1. the pond that area is 50~100 square metres is built, pond surrounding is higher by water surface 40cm, 60 °~70 ° of the pond ridge gradient, pond
Deep 80~100cm, pond should tamp pool wall after scraping out, and do bank protection with 50cm × 50cm cement plates, bottom of pond is laid with humic soil
20cm or so, the depth of water keep 30~50cm；
C2. the ditch of nearly 1m depths is dug out along the edge in pond, solid nylon net cloth is then taped against ground, Buddhist nun always from bottom of trench
The interface of imperial screen cloth must be also completely embedded；The upper end of nylon net cloth, is fixed every 1 meter or so with timber, ensures nylon net cloth not
Scraped off by strong wind；After the edge in nylon net cloth along pond is paved with, nylon net cloth is compacted with the soil dug out；
C3. set in pond into pumping equipment：Water inlet and discharge outlet should be in that diagonal is set, and water inlet is higher by the water surface
20cm, discharge outlet is located at fish-pit bottom, and is connected on pvc pipe in discharge outlet, and the top of pvc pipe is simultaneously higher by water surface 30cm, draining
When adjust pvc pipe height to adjust water level；
C4., the fish-pit being connected with discharge outlet is set in bottom of pond, and area is the 5% of bottom of pond area, deeper 30~35cm than bottom of pond, fish-pit
Four walls surrounded with plank or with cement brick barnacle into；
C5. the Qing Ming Day front and rear Lotus planting in pond.
6. northern area lotus rhizome according to claim 1, prawn and the intercropping method of loach, it is characterised in that step D exists
10 days before progress seed dispensing, pond is leveled, looks into hole leak stopping, dredging intake-discharge pipe road, turns over bottom of pond mud；Draining is extremely
After depth of water 10cm, every 10 square metres of waters surface are sterilized with full pool spilling head after 1kg quicklime slurryings；After cleaning up the pond 3 days, 30cm is added water to,
Basal dressing, every 10 cubic metres of water bodys apply chicken manure 3kg or pig, ox, human excrement 5kg, can also per cubic meter of water apply nitrogenous fertilizer 7g,
Phosphate fertilizer 1g.
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| CN108703089A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-10-26 | 邯郸学院 | A kind of three dimensional-planting-breeding method of lotus lotus root, earthworm, loach and Penaeus Vannmei |
| CN109156387A (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2019-01-08 | 桂阳舂陵江生态渔业有限公司 | A kind of reservoir ecological fish culture method |
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