CN108522362A - A kind of Penaeus Vannmei multi items pond polyculture method - Google Patents
A kind of Penaeus Vannmei multi items pond polyculture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108522362A CN108522362A CN201810254345.8A CN201810254345A CN108522362A CN 108522362 A CN108522362 A CN 108522362A CN 201810254345 A CN201810254345 A CN 201810254345A CN 108522362 A CN108522362 A CN 108522362A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of Penaeus Vannmei multi items pond polyculture methods, are raised together using Penaeus Vannmei and Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco/Clarias fuscus and silver carp, it is proposed that specific mixed breeding ratio and cultural method.The present invention preferably solves susceptible disease in the independent breeding process of Penaeus Vannmei, the death rate is high, the unstable problem of benefit, multi items mixed breeding can efficiently use breeding spaces, and Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and Clarias fuscus can ingest the prawn of weak morbid state, effectively control prawn disease, silver carp can ingest cyanobacteria regulation and control water quality, and bait input cost declines, water body self-purification ability enhancing, ecological benefits are notable.Penaeus Vannmei survival rate of the present invention is high, and specification is big, and the higher Macrobrachium rosenbergii of more harvest economic values, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco/Clarias fuscus, economic benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of aquaculture field more particularly to Penaeus Vannmei, Macrobrachium rosenbergii and predacious fishes to close
Manage intercropping method.
Background technology
Penaeus Vannmei delicious meat, individual are big and are rich in various nutrient elements needed by human, all the time deep by people
Like.In artificial breeding, the features such as Penaeus Vannmei is fast with the speed of growth, the culture-cycle is short, input-output ratio is high deeply by
The welcome at vast foster shrimp family.National freshwater aquiculture yield reaches 73.15 ten thousand tons within 2015, and the output value crosses 10,000,000,000, is current domestic weight
One of aquaculture product wanted.But with being constantly progressive for seedling-raising technique and cultural technique, cultivation density is increasing, disease and
Problem of environmental pollution is also increasingly severe, causes cultivation Penaeus Vannmei yield unstable, economic benefit amplitude of variation is larger.Portion
Divide raiser to start to explore new culture of Penaeus vannamei pattern, the strong of Penaeus Vannmei industry is pushed by rationally raising together
Health sustainable development.
Having studies have shown that freshwater Penaeus Vannmei Polyculture is supported with Penaeus Vannmei master, Macrobrachium rosenbergii is raised together,
Either Penaeus Vannmei master supports and raises together a small amount of fish or shellfish, such as Corbicula fluminea, golden pomfret, mullet, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, Nian, Rofe
Fish, freshwater shrimp etc..But these pattern culture of Penaeus vannamei density are still very big, and it is less than normal that shrimp body goes out pool specification, and cannot effectively control
Disease processed occurs, and economic benefit is unstable.Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore a kind of Penaeus Vannmei mixed breeding new model, food is utilized
Chain principle rationally utilizes pond waters ecological niche, and can be promoted common raw by the different reciprocal mutual assistances of habit feature between animal
It is long, achieve the purpose that aquaculture is increased production and improved productivity.
Macrobrachium rosenbergii growth is fast, full of nutrition, delicious meat, is the deep aquatic products welcome by consumers in general.It moves in
Bottom aqueous layer, can die of illness some or unhealthy prawn that is weak, being at death's door eats up, the healthy prawn of more difficult capture, together
Shi Zishen does not infect, and effectively cuts off transmission of pathogen chain, is ideal mixed breeding kind.When Penaeus Vannmei grows the busy season, intercropping is small
Specification Pelteobagrus fulvidraco seedling can effectively remove the individual and corpse of illness, play the role of " street cleaner ", and will not be to Penaeus Vannmei
Healthy individuals constitute a threat to, it is timely and effective control Penaeus Vannmei disease generation and prevalence, improve prawn yield；Meanwhile
Intercropping Pelteobagrus fulvidraco can increase certain income, to improve the economic benefit of shrimp ponds unit of water body.It is supported in Penaeus Vannmei
Appropriate intercropping Clarias fuscus during growing, equally can by it is weak, in spite of illness, the Penaeus Vannmei of mobility difference remove, effective drop
Low Penaeus Vannmei disease odds.But since its mobility is strong, food ration is big, ingest it is weak, in spite of illness, movable energy
While the Penaeus Vannmei of force difference, can also it ingest in the healthy Penaeus Vannmei of shell.So as long as controlling intercropping density
It would not influence the survival rate of Penaeus Vannmei.Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and Clarias fuscus can not intercroppings simultaneously.
Therefore, cultivation specification is improved to reduce cultivation density, it is mesh that multi items mixed breeding, which reduces disease generation and regulation and control water quality,
Penaeus Vannmei Polyculture obtained beneficial exploration.There is presently no by Penaeus Vannmei, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, carnivorous
Fish（Pelteobagrus fulvidraco or Clarias fuscus）And filter-feeding fish（Silver carp）With the precedent of pond multi items mixed breeding.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of Penaeus Vannmei multi items pond polyculture methods of ecological efficient, can reduce
The feed of unit cultured product consumes, and reduces breeding wastewater discharge, reduces disease, improves shrimp body and goes out pool specification, improves and support
The whole economic efficiency grown.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of Penaeus Vannmei multi items pond polyculture method, includes the following steps：
（1）It cleans up the pond disinfection
It thoroughly shines the pool to cracking to whiten, desurfacing mud；10-15 days before putting seedling, water filling is simultaneously cleaned up the pond with 30mL/L tea seed cakes,
Sterilizing is carried out, harmful organisms are killed；
（2）Shrimp seedling is put in a suitable place to breed
East China is in 5 the first tenday period of a month, and water temperature stability launches Penaeus Vannmei seed at 18 DEG C or more, and throw-in density is 5- per acre
5.5 ten thousand tails, specification are the long 0.8-1cm of body；Penaeus Vannmei seed is first desalinated after standard crude pool is temporarily supported 2-3 days；Desalination is operated in
It completes within 5-10 days, when the salinity of water in standard crude pool and the identical or close salinity of aquaculture pond, the plastics for removing standard crude pool are thin
Film should be pulled open gradually when tearing plastic film open；
（3）Multi items are raised together
East China uses Penaeus Vannmei and the main mixed breeding of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, is equipped with economic fish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco/Clarias fuscus, raises together simultaneously
A small amount of silver carp water transfer；The ratio of stocking is Penaeus Vannmei per acre：Macrobrachium rosenbergii=5-5.5 ten thousand：1-1.2 ten thousand, 150/mu of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco
Or 20/mu of Clarias fuscus, 100/mu of silver carp；Macrobrachium rosenbergii and silver carp are put in a suitable place to breed with the Penaeus Vannmei same period, on May
Ten days, Macrobrachium rosenbergii specification are 0.8-1cm/ tails, and silver carp specification is 2-3cm/ tails；Pelteobagrus fulvidraco is put in a suitable place to breed in early June, specification 30g/
Tail；Clarias fuscus is put in a suitable place to breed in early July, and specification is 400g/ tails；
（4）Feedstuff feeding
1）Feed selection
Penaeus Vannmei special compound feed is fed, Macrobrachium rosenbergii and mixed breeding fish no longer individually feed；
2）Feeding method
Young shrimp period feeds in the pond depths week 0.3-0.5m, and shrimp growth medium is fed in the depths 0.5-1m；
It is that diligent throw is fed less to feed principle, when shrimp seedling just descends pond, the every 200,000 tail seedling 1kg of feeding volume；With growing up for shrimp body, by pond
Shrimp weight determines that daily ration of feeding, 3g or less juvenile prawn daily ration, feeding quantities are the 7%-9% of shrimp weight；3-6g Prawn daily ration, feeding quantities are shrimp weight
5%-7%；6g or more is at the 3%-5% that shrimp daily ration, feeding quantity is shrimp weight；And the situation of ingesting of running check observation bait table, it adjusts in time
Bait feeding amount；Daily ration, feeding quantity is subject to 1-2h and is eaten up；
It is 3-5 times to feed number day, feeds with early morning more after the dusk, is fed less under the conditions of burning sun；Middle and later periods feeding 4 times daily are cultivated,
Night feeds total amount and accounts for 50% of daily ration or more；
（5）Regulating and controlling water quality
1）Rich water
It cultivates and urea and calcium superphosphate rich water, water transfer color is used early period to be formed by yellow green or yellowish-brown at by green alga or diatom
Color；
2）Oxygenation
To water oxygenation, dissolved oxygen in fish pond content is made to be maintained at 5mg/L or more；
3）Water filling
According to change of water quality, timely and appropriate discovery, a small amount of repeatedly change note new water, and properly increase water level, and water level is made to be maintained at 1.5-2m
Between；In month summer 6-8, according to weather condition, timely water filling, each water filling depth is 5cm, and levels water temperature is maintained at 32 DEG C
Within；
4）The use of microorganism formulation
Cultivation is whole to regulate and control water quality using microorganism formulation, maintains bacterium algae balance, stablizes pond water colour；
5）Disease control
Periodically apply chlorinated product, Operand class drug sterilizes water；Adhere to patrolling the pool daily, remove harmful organisms in the pool in time,
Once it was found that disease, dead shrimp, are pulled out, and carry out harmless treatment, and find out disease, dead reason, Symptomatic medicine in time；Go out shrimp in batches,
When shrimp reaches commercial specification in part, commercial sized prawn listing is periodically captured, cultivation density is reduced, mitigates the generation of disease.
Wherein, the tea seed cake water is not discharged after cleaning up the pond, direct water filling cultivation.Tea seed cake water contains a variety of nutriments, has
Rich water acts on, and is beneficial to cultivate.
The pond water inlet is installed into the network of rivers；It is described into the network of rivers be conic net, net long 5-10m, mesh is used for 80 mesh
Filter fish-egg and shrimp ovum.Pond water inlet is installed into the network of rivers；Described into the network of rivers is conic net, nets long 5-10m, mesh with 80 mesh,
For filtering fish-egg and shrimp ovum.Pond water inlet is installed into the network of rivers；It is described into the network of rivers be conic net, net long 5-10m, mesh is with 80
Mesh, for filtering fish-egg and shrimp ovum.
The pond area is 10 mu or so, east-west, depth of water 1.5-2.0m；The pond gradient is in 30- with horizontal line
40 degree of angles.
A little Chi is built at one jiao of the pond, plastic film or plastic color strip cloth are buried in the ditching on the outside of little Chi, are drawn
Plastic film or plastic color strip cloth are played, is used in combination bamboo pole to fix, builds up standard crude pool, it is highly higher than the peak level in pond
20cm；An aperture, size 4cm are opened in plastic film or plastic color strip cloth2Left and right；Aperture is sewed on 40 mesh grenadines, prevention
Shrimp seedling is fled, but water can be flowed out；It buys sea salt and standard crude pool is added, to adjust the salinity in standard crude pool；The relative density of water
For 1.002-1.006；Preferably 1.003.
The water oxygenation carries out oxygenation using Waterwheel-type+paddle aerator；One aerator of every 5 mu of installations.
The whole microorganism formulation used of cultivation is EM compound bacterias, bacillus and Bacillus acidi lactici.
Feeding time cultivation middle and later periods and ratio are 6：00-7：00, ratio 30%；11：00-12：00, ratio 15%；
17：00-18：00, ratio 35%；20：00-23：00, ratio 20%.
The harmful organisms include snakehead, mandarin fish, water snake.
Catching Listing way is：
It rises from mid-August and starts the Penaeus Vannmei that fishing has reached listing specification, use to catch using cage and stay small method point greatly
Criticize listing；
It is chosen since September and catches the Macrobrachium rosenbergii for having reached listing specification, used to catch using cage and small method is stayed to list in batches greatly；
The all fishing listings of late October, all Penaeus Vannmeis and Macrobrachium rosenbergii；
It draws in the net to do all mixed breeding fish of the pool sale mid-December.
The multi items pond polyculture method of the present invention utilizes food chain principle, rationally utilizes pond waters ecological niche, and energy
By the different reciprocal mutual assistances of habit feature between animal, promotes syntrophism, achieve the purpose that aquaculture is increased production and improved productivity；Using
The method of the present invention carries out multi items mixed breeding, and the feed that can reduce unit cultured product consumes, and reduces breeding wastewater discharge, reduces
Disease occurs, and improves shrimp body and goes out pool specification, improves the whole economic efficiency of cultivation.This method is promoted and applied, south is greatly improved
Penaeus vannamei raiser or the economic benefit for cultivating company.
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with specific example, invention is further explained.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment illustrates the pond polyculture method of the present invention.
A kind of Penaeus Vannmei multi items pond polyculture method of ecological efficient, includes the following steps：
（1）It cleans up the pond disinfection
It thoroughly shines the pool to cracking to whiten, is pushed the mud of surface layer 10cm thickness with bull-dozer.10-15 days before putting seedling, water filling
10cm is cleaned up the pond with tea seed cake（A concentration of 30mL/L of tea seed cake）, kill the harmful organisms such as snakehead, mandarin fish, the water snake in pond, cause
Diease occurrence object（Virus, germ）With various parasites etc..
（2）Shrimp seedling is put in a suitable place to breed
East China is in 5 the first tenday period of a month, and water temperature stability launches Penaeus Vannmei seed at 18 DEG C or more, and throw-in density is 5- per acre
5.5 ten thousand tails, specification are the long 0.8-1cm of body.Shrimp seedling body surface is clean, and muscle is full, the visible abdominal muscles of naked eyes and entire enteron aisle, trip
Swimming is active, and individual is neat, sensitive to extraneous stimulate the reaction.Penaeus Vannmei seed is first desalinated after standard crude pool is temporarily supported 2-3 days.It is light
Change is operated in 5-10 days and completes, when the salinity of water in standard crude pool and the identical or close salinity of aquaculture pond, so that it may to remove
The plastic film of standard crude pool should be pulled open gradually when tearing plastic film open.
（3）Polyculture method
East China uses Penaeus Vannmei and the main mixed breeding of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, is equipped with the economic fish such as Pelteobagrus fulvidraco or Clarias fuscus, simultaneously
Raise together a small amount of silver carp water transfer.The ratio of stocking is Penaeus Vannmei per acre：Macrobrachium rosenbergii=5-5.5 ten thousand：1-1.2 ten thousand, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco
20/mu of 150/mu or Clarias fuscus, 100/mu of silver carp.Macrobrachium rosenbergii and silver carp are put in a suitable place to breed with the Penaeus Vannmei same period,
In the first tenday period of a month in May, Macrobrachium rosenbergii specification is 0.8-1cm/ tails, and silver carp specification is 2-3cm/ tails；Pelteobagrus fulvidraco is put in a suitable place to breed in early June, rule
Lattice are 30g/ tails；Clarias fuscus is put in a suitable place to breed in early July, and specification is 400g/ tails.
（4）Feedstuff feeding
1）Feed selection
Penaeus Vannmei special compound feed is fed, Macrobrachium rosenbergii and mixed breeding fish no longer individually feed.
2）Feeding method
Young shrimp period, the pond depths week 0.3-0.5m was ideal feeding area, with the growth of shrimp mostly in pool side shallow water area activity
It is gradually moved to profundal zone, mid-term can be fed in the depths 0.5-1m.
Adhere to that diligent throw feeds principle, when shrimp seedling just descends pond, every 200,000 tail seedling 1kg of feeding volume or so less；With growing up for shrimp body,
Daily ration of feeding can be determined by pond shrimp weight, can refer to following ratio data：Juvenile prawn（3g or less）7%-9%；Prawn（3-6g）5%-
7%；At shrimp（6g or more）3%-5%.And the situation of ingesting of running check observation bait table, bait feeding amount is adjusted in time.Daily ration, feeding quantity
1-2h of being subject to is eaten up.
It is 3-5 times to feed number day, feeds with early morning more after the dusk, is fed less under the conditions of burning sun.The cultivation middle and later periods should throw daily
It raises 4 times, night, which feeds total amount, should account for 50% of daily ration or more.It is specific to feed time and ratio：6：00-7：00, ratio 30%；11：
00-12：00, ratio 15%；17：00-18：00, ratio 35%；20：00-23：00, ratio 20%.
（5）Regulating and controlling water quality
1）Rich water
It cultivates and urea and calcium superphosphate rich water, water transfer color is used early period to be formed by yellow green or yellowish-brown at by green alga or diatom
Color.
2）Oxygenation
Reached by Waterwheel-type+paddle aerator and pond waters aerator puddling is acted on, makes dissolved oxygen in fish pond content always
It is maintained at 5mg/L or more.
3）Water filling
According to change of water quality, timely and appropriate discovery, a small amount of repeatedly change note new water, and properly increase water level, and water level is made to be maintained at 1.5-2m
Between.In month summer 6-8, according to weather condition, timely water filling, each water filling depth is 5cm, and levels water temperature is maintained at 32 DEG C
Within.
4）The use of microorganism formulation
Cultivation is whole to regulate and control water quality using microorganism formulations such as EM compound bacterias, bacillus and Bacillus acidi lacticis, maintains bacterium algae balance,
Stablize pond water colour.
5）Disease control
Periodically apply chlorinated product, Operand class drug sterilizes water；Adhere to patrolling the pool daily, remove harmful organisms in the pool in time,
Once it was found that disease, dead shrimp, pull out, and carry out harmless treatment, ascertain the reason immediately in time, Symptomatic medicine；Adhere to going out shrimp in batches,
When shrimp reaches commercial specification in part, commercial sized prawn listing is periodically captured, cultivation density is reduced, mitigates the generation of disease.
（6）Fishing listing
It rises from mid-August and starts the Penaeus Vannmei that fishing has reached listing specification, use to catch using cage and stay small method point greatly
Criticize listing.
Chosen since September and catch the Macrobrachium rosenbergii for having reached listing specification, using cage using catch stay greatly small method in batches on
City.
The all fishing listings of late October, all Penaeus Vannmeis and Macrobrachium rosenbergii.
It draws in the net to do all mixed breeding fish of the pool sale mid-December.
Wherein, pond water inlet need to be installed into the network of rivers, and conic net is generally into the network of rivers, net long 5-10m, mesh is with 80 mesh
It is advisable, most fish-egg and shrimp ovum can be filtered.
Pond area is usually 10 mu or so, east-west, depth of water 1.5-2.0m.The pond gradient is generally in horizontal line
30-40 degree angle or so is advisable, and can have for prawn more inhabit area in this way, while can prevent due to local substrate deteriorates
Make prawn inhabites area reduction, to induce an illness.One aerator of every 5 mu of installations.
In the one jiao of design in pond, one little Chi, plastic film or plastic color strip cloth, pull-up plastics are buried in the ditching on the outside of pond
Film or plastic color strip cloth, are used in combination bamboo pole to fix, and build up standard crude pool, highly higher 20cm than the peak level in pond.In order to
Desalination work is conveniently carried out, opens an aperture in plastic film or plastic color strip cloth, size is with 4cm2It is advisable.40 mesh of aperture
Grenadine is sewed on, prevention shrimp seedling flight, but water can be flowed out.It buys sea salt and standard crude pool is added, to adjust the salinity in standard crude pool.Pond
The relative density of water is 1.002-1.006, usually 1.003.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment combines specific breeding process, illustrates the technique effect that method using the present invention is raised together.
Enforcement place：Suzhou City Wuzhong District aquatic farm Co., Ltd Nei Tang branch companies culture of Penaeus vannamei field.
Implement scale：It is mixed to carry out Penaeus Vannmei, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and silver carp for 30 mu of area, 3 10 mus/of the pool
Support model test demonstration.
Pond water inlet is installed into the network of rivers；It is conic net into the network of rivers, nets long 5-10m, mesh is 80 mesh；
Pond area is east-west, depth of water 1.5-2.0m；The pond gradient is in 30-40 degree angle with horizontal line.The every 5 mu of peaces in pond
Fill an aerator.
Pond one jiao of structure, one 300m2Plastic film or plastic color strip cloth are buried in standard crude pool, the ditching on the outside of little Chi,
Pull-up plastic film or plastic color strip cloth, are used in combination bamboo pole to fix, and build up standard crude pool, highly higher than the peak level in pond
20cm；An aperture, size 4cm are opened in plastic film or plastic color strip cloth2Left and right；Aperture is sewed on 40 mesh grenadines, prevention
Shrimp seedling is fled, but water can be flowed out；It buys sea salt and standard crude pool is added, to adjust the salinity in standard crude pool；The relative density of water
For 1.002-1.006.
It is cultivated using the technical solution of embodiment 1,50,000 tails of Penaeus Vannmei throw-in density/mu, Macrobrachium rosenbergii is launched
10,000 tails of density/mu, 150 tails of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco throw-in density/mu, silver carp throw-in density are 100 tails/mu.
It drains tail water December, shines the pool.The whole pool of 3-4 month dredgings, 10-15 days before putting seedling, water filling 10cm is disappeared with tea seed cake
Poison is removed the evil.After standard crude pool is temporarily supported 2-3 days, desalination is operated in 5-10 days and completes shrimp seedling.Penaeus Vannmei and Macrobrachium rosenbergii put seedling
Time is the first tenday period of a month in May, and stocking size is 0.8-1cm, and Pelteobagrus fulvidraco puts the seedling time as early June, and stocking size is 30g/ tails, in vain
Silver carp puts the seedling time as the first tenday period of a month in May, and stocking size is 2-3cm/ tails.Whole process selects the high-quality special feed of Penaeus Vannmei, when young shrimp
Phase feeds in the pond depths week 0.3-0.5m, and shrimp growth medium is fed in the depths 0.5-1m；Adhere to the diligent principle thrown and fed less, daily ration, feeding quantity
1-2h of being subject to is eaten up.When shrimp seedling just descends pond, the every 200,000 tail seedling 1kg of feeding volume；With growing up for shrimp body, by true in pond shrimp weight
Settled date daily ration, feeding quantity, daily ration of feeding can refer to following ratio data：Juvenile prawn（3g or less）7%-9%；Prawn（3-6g）5%-7%；At shrimp
（6g or more）3%-5%.It is 3-5 times to feed number day, feeds with early morning more after the dusk, is fed less under the conditions of burning sun；It is every to cultivate the middle and later periods
It is fed 4 times, and night feeds total amount and accounts for 50% of daily ration or more, and it is 6 to feed time and ratio：00-7：00, ratio 30%；11：
00-12：00, ratio 15%；17：00-18：00, ratio 35%；20：00-23：00, ratio 20%.
During cultivation, pond water level maintains 1.5-2m, and cultivation uses urea and calcium superphosphate rich water early period, water transfer color at
Yellow green or yellowish-brown are formed by by green alga or diatom；Early period and mid-term are to add based on new water, fixed level, summer 6-8
In month, according to weather condition, timely water filling, each water filling depth is 5cm, and levels water temperature is maintained within 32 DEG C.In the morning
Air pressure is relatively low and summer is afternoon, opens aerator 6-8h, and dissolved oxygen in fish pond content is maintained at 5mg/L or more.In breeding process, depending on
Water colour situation suitably applies some biological agents and changes aqua.Prevention and cure of shrimp disease implements the principle of " relying mainly on prevention, anti-overweight is controlled ", fixed
Phase applies chlorinated product, Operand class drug sterilizes water；Cultivation is whole to use EM compound bacterias, bacillus and Bacillus acidi lactici system
Agent regulates and controls water quality；Adhere to patrolling the pool daily, note abnormalities anti symptom treatment in time.It rises to start to catch from mid-August and has reached listing specification
Penaeus Vannmei, stay small method to list in batches greatly using catching using cage；It is chosen since September and catches sieve for having reached listing specification
Family name pond crayfish uses to catch and small method is stayed to list in batches greatly using cage；Late October, all Penaeus Vannmeis and Macrobrachium rosenbergii are complete
Portion's fishing listing；It draws in the net to do all mixed breeding fish of the pool sale mid-December.
Count each breed variety yield under this method, wherein per mu yield Penaeus Vannmei 394.2kg, Macrobrachium rosenbergii
124.2kg, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco 13.2kg, silver carp 24.7kg realize that 2.05 ten thousand yuan of mu gross income, 9869 yuan of mu net profit, production throw ratio
92.9%.The Penaeus Vannmei output value accounts for the 75.9% of the gross output value, goes out that pool specification is larger, and the yield per jin for being less than 30 reaches
163.92Kg/ mus, account for total output 41%.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment combines specific breeding process, illustrates the technique effect that method using the present invention is raised together.
Enforcement place：Suzhou City Wuzhong District aquatic farm Co., Ltd Nei Tang branch companies culture of Penaeus vannamei field.
Implement scale：It is mixed to carry out Penaeus Vannmei, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Clarias fuscus and silver carp for 20 mu of area, 2 10 mus/of the pool
Support model test demonstration.
Pond water inlet is installed into the network of rivers；It is conic net into the network of rivers, nets long 5-10m, mesh is 80 mesh；
Pond area is east-west, depth of water 1.5-2.0m；The pond gradient is in 30-40 degree angle with horizontal line.The every 5 mu of peaces in pond
Fill an aerator.
Pond one jiao of structure, one 300m2Plastic film or plastic color strip cloth are buried in standard crude pool, the ditching on the outside of little Chi,
Pull-up plastic film or plastic color strip cloth, are used in combination bamboo pole to fix, and build up standard crude pool, highly higher than the peak level in pond
20cm；An aperture, size 4cm are opened in plastic film or plastic color strip cloth2Left and right；Aperture is sewed on 40 mesh grenadines, prevention
Shrimp seedling is fled, but water can be flowed out；It buys sea salt and standard crude pool is added, to adjust the salinity in standard crude pool；The relative density of water
For 1.002-1.006.
It is cultivated using the technical solution of embodiment 1,5.5 ten thousand tails of Penaeus Vannmei throw-in density/mu, Macrobrachium rosenbergii is thrown
1.2 ten thousand tails of density/mu, 20 tails of Clarias fuscus throw-in density/mu are put, silver carp throw-in density is 100 tails/mu.
It drains tail water December, shines the pool.The whole pool of 3-4 month dredgings, 10-15 days before putting seedling, water filling 10cm is disappeared with tea seed cake
Poison is removed the evil.After standard crude pool is temporarily supported 2-3 days, desalination is operated in 5-10 days and completes shrimp seedling.Penaeus Vannmei and Macrobrachium rosenbergii put seedling
Time is the first tenday period of a month in May, and stocking size is 0.8-1cm, and silver carp puts the seedling time as the first tenday period of a month in May, and stocking size is 2-3cm/ tails；Recklessly
Sub- Nian is put in a suitable place to breed in early July, and specification is 400g/ tails.Whole process selects the high-quality special feed of Penaeus Vannmei, and young shrimp period is in pond week
The depths 0.3-0.5m is fed, and shrimp growth medium is fed in the depths 0.5-1m；Adhere to that the diligent principle thrown and fed less, daily ration, feeding quantity are eaten with 1-2h
Subject to complete.When shrimp seedling just descends pond, the every 200,000 tail seedling 1kg of feeding volume；With growing up for shrimp body, day bait throwing in is determined by pond shrimp weight
Amount, daily ration of feeding can refer to following ratio data：Juvenile prawn（3g or less）7%-9%；Prawn（3-6g）5%-7%；At shrimp（6g or more）
3%-5%.It is 3-5 times to feed number day, feeds with early morning more after the dusk, is fed less under the conditions of burning sun；Cultivate middle and later periods feeding 4 daily
Secondary, night feeds total amount and accounts for 50% of daily ration or more, and it is 6 to feed time and ratio：00-7：00, ratio 30%；11：00-12：
00, ratio 15%；17：00-18：00, ratio 35%；20：00-23：00, ratio 20%.
During cultivation, pond water level maintains 1.5-2m, and cultivation uses urea and calcium superphosphate rich water early period, water transfer color at
Yellow green or yellowish-brown are formed by by green alga or diatom；Early period and mid-term are to add based on new water, fixed level, summer 6-8
In month, according to weather condition, timely water filling, each water filling depth is 5cm, and levels water temperature is maintained within 32 DEG C.In the morning
Air pressure is relatively low and summer is afternoon, opens aerator 6-8h, and dissolved oxygen in fish pond content is maintained at 5mg/L or more.In breeding process, depending on
Water colour situation suitably applies some biological agents and changes aqua.Prevention and cure of shrimp disease implements the principle of " relying mainly on prevention, anti-overweight is controlled ", fixed
Phase applies chlorinated product, Operand class drug sterilizes water；Cultivation is whole to use EM compound bacterias, bacillus and Bacillus acidi lactici system
Agent regulates and controls water quality；Adhere to patrolling the pool daily, note abnormalities anti symptom treatment in time.It rises to start to catch from mid-August and has reached listing specification
Penaeus Vannmei, stay small method to list in batches greatly using catching using cage；It is chosen since September and catches sieve for having reached listing specification
Family name pond crayfish uses to catch and small method is stayed to list in batches greatly using cage；Late October, all Penaeus Vannmeis and Macrobrachium rosenbergii are complete
Portion's fishing listing；It draws in the net to do all mixed breeding fish of the pool sale mid-December.
Count each breed variety yield under this method, wherein per mu yield Penaeus Vannmei 330.7kg, Macrobrachium rosenbergii
180.6kg, Clarias fuscus 11.5kg, silver carp 23.6kg realize that 1.93 ten thousand yuan of mu gross income, 9823 yuan of mu net profit, production throw ratio
103.8%.The Penaeus Vannmei output value accounts for the 62.9% of the gross output value, goes out pool specification to account for major portion between 31-50 per jin, per jin
Yield less than 50 reaches 185.69Kg/ mus, accounts for total output 56.1%.
The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention.The technology of the industry
Personnel are it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and description only describe this
The principle of invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and improvements may be made to the invention, these changes
Change and improvement all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention by appended claims and its
Equivalent thereof.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of Penaeus Vannmei multi items pond polyculture method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
（1）It cleans up the pond disinfection
It thoroughly shines the pool to cracking to whiten, desurfacing mud；10-15 days before putting seedling, water filling is simultaneously cleaned up the pond with 30mL/L tea seed cakes,
Sterilizing is carried out, harmful organisms are killed；
（2）Shrimp seedling is put in a suitable place to breed
East China is in 5 the first tenday period of a month, and water temperature stability launches Penaeus Vannmei seed at 18 DEG C or more, and throw-in density is 5- per acre
5.5 ten thousand tails, specification are the long 0.8-1cm of body；Penaeus Vannmei seed is first desalinated after standard crude pool is temporarily supported 2-3 days；Desalination is operated in
It completes within 5-10 days, when the salinity of water in standard crude pool and the identical or close salinity of aquaculture pond, the plastics for removing standard crude pool are thin
Film should be pulled open gradually when tearing plastic film open；
（3）Multi items are raised together
East China uses Penaeus Vannmei and the main mixed breeding of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, is equipped with economic fish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco or Clarias fuscus, mixes simultaneously
Support a small amount of silver carp water transfer；The ratio of stocking is Penaeus Vannmei per acre：Macrobrachium rosenbergii=5-5.5 ten thousand：1-1.2 ten thousand, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco 150/
Mu or 20/mu of Clarias fuscus, 100/mu of silver carp；Macrobrachium rosenbergii and silver carp are put in a suitable place to breed with the Penaeus Vannmei same period, on May
Ten days, Macrobrachium rosenbergii specification are 0.8-1cm/ tails, and silver carp specification is 2-3cm/ tails；Pelteobagrus fulvidraco is put in a suitable place to breed in early June, specification 30g/
Tail；Clarias fuscus is put in a suitable place to breed in early July, and specification is 400g/ tails；
（4）Feedstuff feeding
1）Feed selection
Penaeus Vannmei special compound feed is fed, Macrobrachium rosenbergii and mixed breeding fish no longer individually feed；
2）Feeding method
Young shrimp period feeds in the pond depths week 0.3-0.5m, and shrimp growth medium is fed in the depths 0.5-1m；
It is that diligent throw is fed less to feed principle, when shrimp seedling just descends pond, the every 200,000 tail seedling 1kg of feeding volume；With growing up for shrimp body, by pond
Shrimp weight determines that daily ration of feeding, 3g or less juvenile prawn daily ration, feeding quantities are the 7%-9% of shrimp weight；3-6g Prawn daily ration, feeding quantities are shrimp weight
5%-7%；6g or more is at the 3%-5% that shrimp daily ration, feeding quantity is shrimp weight；And the situation of ingesting of running check observation bait table, it adjusts in time
Bait feeding amount；Daily ration, feeding quantity is subject to 1-2h and is eaten up；
It is 3-5 times to feed number day, feeds with early morning more after the dusk, is fed less under the conditions of burning sun；Middle and later periods feeding 4 times daily are cultivated,
Night feeds total amount and accounts for 50% of daily ration or more；
（5）Regulating and controlling water quality
1）Rich water
It cultivates and urea and calcium superphosphate rich water, water transfer color is used early period to be formed by yellow green or yellowish-brown at by green alga or diatom
Color；
2）Oxygenation
To water oxygenation, dissolved oxygen in fish pond content is made to be maintained at 5mg/L or more；
3）Water filling
According to change of water quality, timely and appropriate discovery, a small amount of repeatedly change note new water, and properly increase water level, and water level is made to be maintained at 1.5-2m
Between；In month summer 6-8, according to weather condition, timely water filling, each water filling depth is 5cm, and levels water temperature is maintained at 32 DEG C
Within；
4）The use of microorganism formulation
Cultivation is whole to regulate and control water quality using microorganism formulation, maintains bacterium algae balance, stablizes pond water colour；
5）Disease control
Periodically apply chlorinated product, Operand class drug sterilizes water；Adhere to patrolling the pool daily, remove harmful organisms in the pool in time,
Once it was found that disease, dead shrimp, are pulled out, and carry out harmless treatment, and find out disease, dead reason, Symptomatic medicine in time；Go out shrimp in batches,
When shrimp reaches commercial specification in part, commercial sized prawn listing is periodically captured, cultivation density is reduced, mitigates the generation of disease.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, tea seed cake water is not discharged after cleaning up the pond, direct water filling cultivates.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, pond water inlet is installed into the network of rivers；It is described into the network of rivers be cone
Shape net nets long 5-10m, and mesh is with 80 mesh, for filtering fish-egg and shrimp ovum.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, pond area is 10 mu or so, east-west, the depth of water is
1.5-2.0m；The pond gradient is in 30-40 degree angle with horizontal line.
5. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in pond one jiao of structure, one little Chi, dug on the outside of little Chi
Ditch buries plastic film or plastic color strip cloth, pull-up plastic film or plastic color strip cloth, bamboo pole is used in combination to fix, builds up mark
Thick pond, it is highly higher 20cm than the peak level in pond；An aperture, size 4cm are opened in plastic film or plastic color strip cloth2It is left
It is right；Aperture is sewed on 40 mesh grenadines, prevention shrimp seedling flight, but water can be flowed out；It buys sea salt and standard crude pool is added, it is thick to adjust mark
Salinity in pond；The relative density of water is 1.002-1.006.
6. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, using Waterwheel-type+paddle aerator to pond waters into
Row oxygenation；One aerator of every 5 mu of installations.
7. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, cultivation is whole to use EM compound bacterias, bacillus and lactic acid
Bacillus preparation regulates and controls water quality.
8. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, it is 6 that the cultivation middle and later periods, which feeds time and ratio,：00-7：
00, ratio 30%；11：00-12：00, ratio 15%；17：00-18：00, ratio 35%；20：00-23：00, ratio 20%.
9. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the harmful organisms include snakehead, mandarin fish, water snake.
10. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, further including fishing listing, fishing Listing way is as follows：
It rises from mid-August and starts the Penaeus Vannmei that fishing has reached listing specification, use to catch using cage and stay small method point greatly
Criticize listing；
It is chosen since September and catches the Macrobrachium rosenbergii for having reached listing specification, used to catch using cage and small method is stayed to list in batches greatly；
The all fishing listings of late October, all Penaeus Vannmeis and Macrobrachium rosenbergii；
It draws in the net to do all mixed breeding fish of the pool sale mid-December.
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Cited By (1)
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