CN108260551B - Method for breeding crayfishes in freshwater lake region - Google Patents
Method for breeding crayfishes in freshwater lake region Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
A method for breeding crayfish in a freshwater lake area comprises the steps of constructing two-stage breeding ponds by using a pollution-free or low-pollution bicarbonate calcium group freshwater lake as a breeding area, reasonably designing the two-stage breeding ponds according to different growth conditions of the crayfish, arranging a hollowed bamboo woven cushion net at the bottom of the breeding ponds, taking the hollowed bamboo woven cushion net as basic layer soil, introducing lake water, planting algae and aquatic plants on the basic layer soil through the lake water, introducing the crayfish, and carrying out compound breeding by matching with raw snail and mussel in the lake area as raw materials and commercial crayfish feed. The crayfish breeding method is convenient to manage, low in breeding cost, small in occupied space, high in survival rate, environment-friendly and capable of facilitating large-scale and industrial breeding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a crayfish breeding technology in the field of aquaculture, in particular to a crayfish breeding method in a freshwater lake region.
Background
Freshwater lobsters, the academic name of crayfish, also known as lobster, crayfish, and crayfish, belong to the lobster family of the order decapod order, the class argyrophylla, the phylum arthropoda, are originally produced in the united states, are imported from japan during world war ii of the second time into China, and are now widely distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river. The shrimp meat is tender in taste, rich in nutrition, contains 8 amino acids necessary for human bodies, has low fat content, contains more tropomyosin and paramyosin, has high edible parts, is a low-fat low-cholesterol high-protein nutritional nourishing food, is deeply loved by domestic consumers, has gradually increased export amount, continuously increased selling and purchasing prices and good breeding prospect and benefit, and has generally entered restaurants, hotels, supermarkets and household dining tables.
The freshwater lobster widely lives in water areas such as freshwater lakes, rivers, ponds, ditches, rice fields and the like, benthos, plankton and various water plants are palatable baits, and the freshwater lobster has the characteristics of short growth cycle, high yield and strong eating impurity adaptability, so the freshwater lobster is particularly suitable for artificial commercial culture. The history of eating the freshwater crayfish in China begins in the 60 th 20 th century, and in recent years, with the improvement of culture technologies, various culture modes such as a cement pond, a paddy field and a greenhouse temperature control culture are also sequentially realized, the yield of the freshwater crayfish is improved, but as the culture modes are water bodies prepared manually and too many medicaments are used in the aspect of water body preparation, the freshwater crayfish contains antibiotics, hormones and other medicaments, heavy metals exceed the standard, even parasites and pathogenic bacteria exceed the standard, and the health of people is threatened; in addition, more unreasonable and unscientific places exist in the aspect of shrimp pond management, under the condition of high density, the shrimps are easy to injure and die only due to mutual fighting, the body types and the yield of the lobsters are influenced, water resources are wasted, and the economic benefit is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for breeding crayfishes in freshwater lake areas, which is used for solving the defects in the technical background.
The technical problem solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a method for breeding crayfishes in a lake region of a freshwater lake specifically comprises the following operation steps:
1) selecting a pollution-free or low-pollution bicarbonate calcium group fresh water lake as a culture area, building a plurality of brick-concrete structure culture ponds in an area with clear water quality and thorough illumination at the edge of a water body, building the culture ponds into a two-step inverted frustum structure, and setting the area of the pond surface to be 100-300 m2The pond depth is 1-1.5 m, the oblique angle between the upper-step oblique edge and the horizontal plane keeps 60-70 degrees, the oblique angle between the lower-step oblique edge and the horizontal plane keeps 30-45 degrees, the lower-step height is 1/2-2/3 degrees of the pond depth, and meanwhile, a water inlet hole and a water outlet hole are formed in the upper-step surface of the culture pond.
2) Cleaning and disinfecting the built culture pond, introducing the culture pond into lake water to soak the pond for 1-2 months, then emptying the lake water in a sunny day, carrying out disinfection treatment again after insolation for 1-3 days, and then padding a hollowed-out bamboo woven mat net with the thickness of 8-12 cm in the lower-step part of the culture pond, wherein the space proportion occupied by bamboo in the space of the hollowed-out bamboo woven mat net is 20-40%, and the rest is a filling space.
3) The method comprises the steps of taking fishpond bottom mud as a base material, uniformly mixing a microbial inoculum and a slow-release nutrient after sterilization and disinfection, filling the mixture into a bamboo woven mat net, wherein the filling depth is 2/3 of the thickness of the bamboo woven mat net, guiding the mixture into a lake water immersion pool for 48-72 hours, planting algae and aquatic plants in the bamboo woven mat net layer, forming a beneficial algae phase when the algae covers 60-70% of the surface of the bamboo woven mat net, emptying a water body at the upper-step part in a culture pond to the surface height of the bamboo woven mat net, placing a small-sized shelter, and adjusting the water temperature, the dissolved oxygen amount and the pH value of the culture pond to obtain the culture pond.
4) Selecting crayfish seedlings which do not have pathogenic bacteria, do not pass through a medicated bath, have a single tail length of 0.8-1.2 cm and have strong disease resistance as breeding shrimps, and putting the breeding shrimps into a water body, wherein the breeding shrimp stocking amount per mu is 3.5-4 ten thousand.
5) Keeping the water amount of the culture pond just over the bamboo woven mat net in the first three weeks, feeding crayfish feed into the culture pond every day, feeding the feed for three times, wherein the feeding amount of 9-10 points in the morning is 2-4% of the weight of the crayfish; the bait feeding amount at 3-4 pm is 5-7% of the weight of the lobsters; the feeding amount of 21-22 points at night is 2-4% of the weight of the lobsters.
6) And after the first three weeks, keeping the water filling amount of the culture pond, arranging escape-proof nets with the height of 0.5m on the periphery, and throwing baits at 7-9 am and 6-7 pm every day, wherein the bait throwing amount is 2-3% of the weight of the lobsters each time.
7) In the culture process of the step 5) and the step 6), the culture water in the pond is discharged by 60-70% every week and is replaced by fresh lake water after filtration, disinfection and standing treatment, and the water temperature, the dissolved oxygen and the pH value of the culture pond need to be adjusted before the lake water is filled into the culture pond so as to achieve the culture water condition.
8) And fishing the shrimps after 3-4 months of culture.
In the invention, in order to obtain better use effect and service life, the bamboo woven cushion net is preferably carbonized.
In the invention, irregular meshes with the aperture of 5-10 cm are arranged on the bamboo weaving pad net to facilitate the movement of the crayfish, a plurality of bamboo weaving triangular conical tables fixedly connected with the bamboo weaving pad net are arranged on the bamboo weaving pad net at the bottom of the culture pond at intervals, and the height of the triangular conical tables is 0.5-0.8 m to facilitate the movement and inhabitation of the crayfish.
In the invention, when the culture pond is constructed in the step 1), an isolation zone can be constructed in the culture pond area so as to reduce the interference of people and livestock on the culture area and improve the activity of the crayfish.
In the invention, the microbial inoculum mixed in the step 3) is EM (effective microorganisms) compounded by photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes, actinomycetes, bacillus and nitrobacteria, the effective viable count is more than or equal to 18 hundred million CFU/ml, and the total addition amount is 15-20 kg/mu.
In the invention, the slow-release nutrient mixed in the step 3) is a mixture of attapulgite, hydroxyapatite and fermented organic fertilizer in a ratio of 3:2:1, and the adding amount of the slow-release nutrient is 1/30-1/50 of the mass of the bottom mud of the fishpond.
In the present invention, the small-sized shelter in the step 3) is preferably a combination of a hollow plastic bottle, a plastic plate, a foam plate, and a hollow can divided into two halves from the middle, which are connected by a metal wire.
In the invention, the aquatic plants planted in the step 3) are preferably any combination of more than three of hydrilla verticillata, elodea nutans, watermifoil, eichhornia crassipes, duckweed, alternanthera philoxeroides, reed and water hyacinth, the planting density of the aquatic plants is 10-15% of the area of the culture pond, the aquatic plants are supplemented when the planting density is small, and the aquatic plants are removed when the planting density is large, so that the optimal shielding effect is obtained, and the growth environment meeting the crayfish omnivory demand and the water body purification effect is achieved.
In the invention, the corresponding parameter values of the water temperature, the dissolved oxygen amount and the pH value of the culture pond in the steps 3) and 7) are as follows: the water temperature is 22-26 ℃, the dissolved oxygen amount is 5.0-6.0 mg/L, pH, and the value is 7.5-8.
In the invention, the feed fed in the step 5) is preferably a composite self-made feed, the main material of the composite self-made feed is a special feed for commercially available crayfish, and the auxiliary materials are added according to the proportion of 8: 1-15: 1 and are uniformly stirred to obtain the feed. The auxiliary materials are prepared from adjacent snail meat and mussel meat which are originally produced in the freshwater lake as main raw materials, the snail meat and the mussel are respectively fished and shelled on the same day or one day ahead of the day, the intestine of the snail meat is removed, the snail meat and the mussel meat are separated and cleaned together, then the egg yolk, the soaked and high-pressure boiled soybean, the fish bone powder and the selenium dioxide are added according to the proportion of the snail meat and/or the mussel meat, the egg yolk, the fish bone powder and the selenium dioxide in a ratio of 100:20:15:15:1, the mixture is uniformly stirred by a feed stirring device and then added into the special feed for the crayfish according to the proportion, and the compound feed for feeding is obtained after the mixture is uniformly stirred again.
Has the advantages that: the method fully utilizes the resources of the freshwater lake region and the growth and development rules of the crayfishes, has the advantages of simple operation in the whole culture process, low investment cost, small occupied area, high survival rate and convenient management, adopts the raw material compound baits of the lake region to match with the ecological culture pond to realize the ecological culture of the crayfishes, has low culture cost, high sustainable degree and environmental friendliness, can realize large-scale and industrialized culture in the lake region, and has remarkable economic, ecological and social benefits.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows:
during site selection, selecting the edges of the southwest of the Yueyang Dongting lake, building four brick-concrete structure culture ponds in areas with clear water quality and thorough illumination at the edges of water bodies as culture areas, and controlling the area of each pond of the culture ponds to be 200-260 m2The depth of the pond is 1.5m, the oblique angle between the upper-step oblique edge and the horizontal plane in the pond is kept at 60-70 degrees, the oblique angle between the lower-step oblique edge and the horizontal plane is kept at 30-45 degrees, the height of the lower step is 1m, and meanwhile, a water inlet hole and a water drain hole are formed in the upper-step surface of the culture pond. The method comprises the steps of washing a built culture pond with running water, disinfecting with quicklime and chlorothalonil solution, introducing lake water into the pond for 45 days, emptying the lake water, sterilizing with the quicklime again after insolating for 72 hours, and filling a hollowed-out bamboo woven mat net with the thickness of 8-10 cm in the lower-step part of the culture pond, wherein the bamboo occupying space proportion in the space of the hollowed-out bamboo woven mat net is 20% -40%.
Selecting a nearby fishpond after fishing, digging and taking fishpond sediment as a base material, uniformly mixing a microbial inoculum and a slow-release nutrient after sterilization and disinfection, and filling the base material into a bamboo mat net, wherein the microbial inoculum is an EM (effective microorganisms) microbial inoculum, the number of effective live bacteria is more than or equal to 18 hundred million CFU (circulating fluid units)/ml, and the application amount is 20 kg/mu; the slow-release nutrient is a mixture of attapulgite, hydroxyapatite and fermented organic fertilizer in a ratio of 3:2:1, and the adding amount of the slow-release nutrient is 1/50 of the mass of the bottom mud of the fishpond. Filling the fishpond bottom mud which is treated and uniformly stirred into a bamboo woven mat net, controlling the filling depth to be 2/3 of the thickness of the bamboo woven mat net, then guiding the fishpond to a lake water immersion pond for 72 hours, planting algae and aquatic plants in a mud layer of the bamboo woven mat net layer after the immersion pond is finished, emptying the water body at the upper step part in the culture pond to the surface height of the bamboo woven mat net when the algae covers 60-70% of the surface of the bamboo woven mat net, then placing a small-sized shelter, and adjusting the water temperature, the dissolved oxygen amount and the pH value of the culture pond to 26 ℃ and 5.5mg/L, pH value to 7.8, thus obtaining the culture pond.
Controlling the water amount of the culture pond to just submerge the bamboo woven mat net, and then selecting crayfish seedlings which do not carry pathogenic bacteria, do not pass through a medicated bath, have single tail length of 0.8-1.2 cm and strong disease resistance as breeding shrimps, and putting the breeding shrimps into the water body, wherein the breeding shrimp amount per mu is 3.5 thousands of shrimps. Keeping the water amount of the culture pond just over the bamboo woven mat net in the first three weeks, feeding commercial crayfish feed into the culture pond every day, feeding the feed for three times, wherein the feeding amount of 9-10 points in the morning is 4% of the weight of the crayfish; feeding at 3-4 pm in an amount of 6% of the weight of the lobsters; the feeding amount of 21-22 points at night is 3% of the weight of the lobsters. And after the first three weeks, keeping the water filling amount of the culture pond, arranging escape-proof nets with the height of 0.5m on the periphery, and throwing baits at 7-9 am and 6-7 pm every day, wherein the bait throwing amount is 2% of the weight of the lobsters each time. Meanwhile, in the culture process, the culture water in the pond is discharged once per week, the discharge amount is 60% -70%, the culture water is replaced by fresh lake water after filtration, disinfection and standing treatment, and the water temperature, the dissolved oxygen and the pH value of the culture pond are required to be adjusted to 26 ℃ before the lake water is filled into the culture pond, and the dissolved oxygen is 5.5mg/L, pH to reach the culture water condition 7.8. And obtaining the commercial adult shrimps capable of being fished after 3-4 months of culture.
The crayfish cultured by the culture method can be mature in three months, the single tail weight is 40-60 g, the yield per mu is 3280 jin/mu per year, the yield is increased by about 10% compared with the yield of about 3000 jin/mu per year in the traditional culture technology, and the culture cost except for pool building is 25% -35% lower.
Example two:
during site selection, seven brick-concrete structure culture ponds are built in areas with clear water quality and thorough illumination at the edges of water bodies at the south edges of the Yangtze Datong lake to serve as culture areas, and the area of each culture pond is controlled to be 220-240 m2The depth of the pond is 1m, the oblique angles of 60-70 degrees between the upper-step oblique edge and the horizontal plane in the pond are kept, the oblique angles of 30-45 degrees between the lower-step oblique edge and the horizontal plane are kept, the height of the lower step is 0.6m, meanwhile, a water inlet hole and a water outlet hole are formed in the upper-step surface of the culture pond, and an isolation belt is built in the culture pond area to reduce the interference of people and livestock on the culture area to improve the activity of the crayfishes.
The method comprises the steps of washing a built breeding pond clean with running water, disinfecting with quicklime and chlorothalonil solution, leading the pond to be soaked in lake water for 60 days, then emptying the lake water, sterilizing with the quicklime again after insolation for 60 hours, and then padding a hollowed-out bamboo weaving pad net with the thickness of 10-12 cm at the lower step part of the breeding pond.
Selecting a nearby fishpond after fishing, digging and taking fishpond sediment as a base material, uniformly mixing a microbial inoculum and a slow-release nutrient after sterilization and disinfection, and filling the base material into a bamboo mat net, wherein the microbial inoculum is an EM (effective microorganisms) microbial inoculum, the number of effective live bacteria is more than or equal to 18 hundred million CFU/ml, and the application amount is 18 kg/mu; the slow-release nutrient is a mixture of attapulgite, hydroxyapatite and fermented organic fertilizer in a ratio of 3:2:1, and the adding amount of the slow-release nutrient is 1/40 of the mass of the bottom mud of the fishpond. Filling the fishpond bottom mud which is treated and uniformly stirred into a bamboo woven mat net, controlling the filling depth to be 2/3 of the thickness of the bamboo woven mat net, then guiding the fishpond to a lake water immersion pond for 60 hours, planting algae and aquatic plants in a mud layer of the bamboo woven mat net layer after the immersion pond is finished, emptying the water body at the upper stage part in the culture pond to the surface height of the bamboo woven mat net when the algae covers 65-68% of the surface of the bamboo woven mat net, then placing a small-sized shelter, and adjusting the water temperature, the dissolved oxygen amount and the pH value of the culture pond to 24 ℃ and 6mg/L, pH value to 7.8, thus obtaining the culture pond.
Controlling the water amount of the culture pond to just submerge the bamboo woven mat net, and then selecting crayfish seedlings which do not carry pathogenic bacteria, do not pass through a medicated bath, have single tail length of 0.8-1.2 cm and strong disease resistance as breeding shrimps, and putting the breeding shrimps into the water body, wherein the stocking amount per mu is 3.7 ten thousand. Keeping the water amount of the culture pond just over the bamboo woven mat net in the first three weeks, and feeding compound self-made feed into the culture pond every day, wherein the feed is fed for three times, and the feeding amount of 9-10 points in the morning is 3% of the weight of the lobsters; feeding at 3-4 pm in an amount of 6% of the weight of the lobsters; the feeding amount of 21-22 points at night is 3% of the weight of the lobsters. And after the first three weeks, keeping the full water volume of the culture pond, arranging escape-proof nets with the height of 0.5m around the culture pond, and throwing baits at 7-9 am and 6-7 pm every day, wherein the bait throwing amount is 3% of the weight of the lobsters each time. The composite self-made feed takes a special feed for commercially available crayfish as a main material, and is prepared from the following main materials: the auxiliary materials are prepared by adding the auxiliary materials in a proportion of 10:1 and uniformly stirring, wherein the auxiliary materials are prepared by taking adjacent snail meat and mussel meat produced in the lake of fresh water as main raw materials, the snail and the mussel are fished one day earlier or respectively subjected to shell crushing treatment, the intestine of the snail meat is removed, the snail meat and the mussel meat are together separated, cleaned and then added with egg yolk, soaked and boiled soybean, fish bone powder and selenium dioxide according to the proportion of the snail meat and/or the mussel meat, egg yolk, soybean, fish bone powder and selenium dioxide, the mixture is uniformly stirred by a feed stirring device and then added into the special feed for the crayfish in proportion and uniformly stirred again.
Meanwhile, in the culture process, the culture water in the pond is discharged once every week, the discharge amount is 65-68%, the culture water is replaced by fresh lake water after filtration, disinfection and standing treatment, and the water temperature, the dissolved oxygen and the pH value of the culture pond are required to be adjusted to 24 ℃ before the lake water is filled into the culture pond, and the dissolved oxygen is 5.5mg/L, pH to reach the culture water condition 7.8. And obtaining the commercial adult shrimps capable of being fished after 3-4 months of culture.
The crayfish cultured by the culture method can be mature for two and a half months, the single tail weight is 50-60 g, the average yield per mu is 3450 jin/mu per year, the highest yield per mu is 3530 jin/mu per year, the yield is increased by about 15% compared with the yield of about 3000 jin/mu per year of the traditional culture technology, the culture cost except for pool building is 20% -30% lower, the produced crayfish is larger in size, tighter in meat quality and more excellent in taste.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (9)
1. A method for breeding crayfishes in a lake region of a freshwater lake is characterized by comprising the following operation steps:
1) selecting a pollution-free or low-pollution bicarbonate calcium group fresh water lake as a culture area, building a plurality of brick-concrete structure culture ponds in an area with clear water quality and thorough illumination at the edge of a water body, building the culture ponds into a two-step inverted frustum structure, and setting the area of the pond surface to be 100-300 m2The pond depth is 1-1.5 m, an oblique angle of 60-70 degrees is kept between an upper-step oblique edge and the horizontal plane, an oblique angle of 30-45 degrees is kept between a lower-step oblique edge and the horizontal plane, the height of a lower step is 1/2-2/3 degrees of the pond depth, and meanwhile, a water inlet hole and a water outlet hole are formed in the upper-step surface of the culture pond;
2) cleaning and disinfecting the built culture pond, introducing the culture pond into lake water to soak the pond for 1-2 months, then emptying the lake water in a sunny day, carrying out disinfection treatment again after insolation for 1-3 days, and then padding a hollowed-out bamboo woven mat net with the thickness of 8-12 cm in the lower-step part of the culture pond, wherein the space proportion occupied by bamboo in the hollowed-out bamboo woven mat net space is 20-40%, and the rest is filled space;
3) using fishpond bottom mud as a base material, uniformly mixing a microbial inoculum and slow-release nutrients after sterilization and disinfection, filling the mixture into a bamboo woven mat net, wherein the filling depth is 2/3 of the thickness of the bamboo woven mat net, then guiding the mixture into a lake water immersion pool for 48-72 hours, then planting algae in the bamboo woven mat net, forming a beneficial algae phase when the algae covers 60% -70% of the surface of the bamboo woven mat net, emptying a water body at the upper step part in a culture pool to the surface height of the bamboo woven mat net, then placing a small-sized shelter, and adjusting the water temperature, the dissolved oxygen amount and the pH value of the culture pool to obtain the culture pool;
4) selecting crayfish seedlings which do not have pathogenic bacteria, do not pass through a medicated bath, have a single tail length of 0.8-1.2 cm and have strong disease resistance as breeding shrimps, and putting the breeding shrimps into a water body, wherein the breeding shrimp stocking amount per mu is 3.5-4 ten thousand;
5) keeping the water amount of the culture pond just over the bamboo woven mat net in the first three weeks, feeding crayfish feed into the culture pond every day, feeding the feed for three times, wherein the feeding amount of 9-10 points in the morning is 2-4% of the weight of the crayfish; the bait feeding amount at 3-4 pm is 5-7% of the weight of the lobsters; feeding amount of 21-22 points at night is 2-4% of the weight of the lobsters;
6) after the first three weeks, keeping the culture pond full of water, arranging escape-proof nets with the height of 0.5m on the periphery, and throwing baits at 7-9 am and 6-7 pm every day, wherein the bait throwing amount is 2-3% of the weight of the lobsters each time;
7) in the culture process of the step 5) and the step 6), the culture water in the pond is discharged by 60-70% every week and is replaced by fresh lake water after filtration, disinfection and standing treatment, and the water temperature, the dissolved oxygen and the pH value of the culture pond need to be adjusted before the lake water is filled into the culture pond to reach the culture water condition;
8) and fishing the shrimps after 3-4 months of culture.
2. The method for cultivating crayfish in a lake and a freshwater lake of claim 1, wherein the bamboo mat net is a carbonized bamboo mat net.
3. The method for breeding the crayfish in the freshwater lake region as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bamboo mat net is provided with irregular meshes with the aperture of 5-10 cm.
4. The method for breeding the crayfishes in the freshwater lake region as claimed in claim 1, wherein a plurality of bamboo-woven triangular frustums with the height of 0.5-0.8 m and fixedly connected with the bamboo-woven cushion nets are arranged on the bamboo-woven cushion nets at the bottom of the breeding pond at intervals.
5. The method for breeding the crayfishes in the lake and the freshwater lake region according to claim 1, wherein the microbial inoculum mixed in the step 3) is EM (effective microorganisms) compounded by photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes, actinomycetes, bacillus and nitrobacteria, the effective viable count of the EM is more than or equal to 18 hundred million CFU/ml, and the total adding amount is 15-20 kg/mu.
6. The method for breeding the crayfishes in the freshwater lake region according to claim 1, wherein the slow-release nutrients mixed in the step 3) are a 3:2:1 mixture of attapulgite, hydroxyapatite and a fermented organic fertilizer, and the adding amount of the slow-release nutrients is 1/30-1/50 of the mass of bottom mud of the fishpond.
7. The method for cultivating crayfish in a lake and a freshwater lake as claimed in claim 1, wherein the small-sized shelter used in the step 3) is a combination of a hollow plastic bottle, a plastic plate, a foam plate and a hollow can which is divided into two halves from the middle, which are connected by a metal wire.
8. The method for cultivating crayfish in a lake region of a freshwater lake as claimed in claim 1, wherein the corresponding parameter values when the water temperature, the dissolved oxygen amount and the pH value of the cultivation pond are adjusted in the step 3) and the step 7) are as follows: the water temperature is 22-26 ℃, the dissolved oxygen amount is 5.0-6.0 mg/L, pH, and the value is 7.5-8.
9. The composite self-made feed is characterized by being prepared by compounding raw materials of snail meat and mussel meat which are originally produced in a freshwater lake area and special feed for commercially available crayfish, and being used as feed for feeding crayfish in the method for culturing crayfish in the freshwater lake area according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the main material of the composite self-made feed is the special feed for commercially available crayfish, and the auxiliary material is added according to the proportion of 8: 1-15: 1 and is uniformly stirred to prepare the composite self-made feed; the auxiliary materials are prepared from adjacent snail meat and mussel meat which are originally produced in the freshwater lake as main raw materials, the snail meat and the mussel are respectively fished and shelled on the same day or one day ahead of the day, the intestine of the snail meat is removed, the snail meat and the mussel meat are separated and cleaned, then the egg yolk, the soaked and high-pressure boiled soybean, the fish bone meal and the selenium dioxide are added according to the proportion of the snail meat and/or the mussel meat, the egg yolk, the fish bone meal and the selenium dioxide in a ratio of 100:20:15:15:1, the egg yolk, the soaked and high-pressure boiled soybean, the fish bone meal and the selenium dioxide are uniformly stirred by a feed stirring device, and then the mixture is added into the special feed for the commercial crayfish according to the.
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