WO2017107032A1

WO2017107032A1 - Simulated ecological breeding method for odontobutis obscura

Info

Publication number: WO2017107032A1
Application number: PCT/CN2015/098166
Authority: WO
Inventors: 唐金贵
Original assignee: 唐金贵
Priority date: 2015-12-22
Filing date: 2015-12-22
Publication date: 2017-06-29

Abstract

Disclosed is a simulated ecological breeding method for Odontobutis obscura, comprising the following steps: (1) constructing a simulated ecological pond; (2) selecting, breeding and maturing parent fish; (3) incubating parent fish for oviposition and fertilization; (4) protecting and hatching of eggs by parent fish; and (5) cultivating fry. The method can obtain Odontobutis obscura fry in batches and its operation is simple, and the demands for the fish pond are not high, making same easy to propagate.

Description

Sand pond imitation ecological breeding method

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a method for breeding sand ponds.

Background technique

Odontobutis obscura, also known as sand scorpion, squid, Tubu fish, sand scorpion, tiger head fish, etc., belong to Perciformes, Eleotridae, Odontobutis. It is widely distributed in the Yangtze River, the Pearl River, the Qiantang River, the Lancang River and other water systems. The Shatang meat is less prickly, tastes delicious, and is rich in nutrients. It is regarded as a valuable fish by consumers and has a very high economic value.

Shatangyu lived in the bottom layer of lakes and river ditch under natural conditions. It is a benthic burrowing fish. It is a shallow water area with a lot of water, grass, weeds and gravel. Hidden between the stone gaps. The swimming ability is weak, and the winter is lurking in the sand for winter. During breeding, the males in the sand ponds search for suitable ovarian acupoints in the shallow waters of the lakeshore and the lake bay to attract females to lay eggs. Eggs are mainly produced in the gaps of stone dams, empty shells, dense reed roots, stones, tiles or other hidden caves formed by the matrix, and the eggs are attached to the top or side walls of the cave. The egg mass is round or elliptical, and the egg is attached to the matrix with an adhesive filament at one end, and the other end is free and closely arranged. Male fish have the habit of guarding the nest and protecting the eggs.

At present, Shatang's fishery products are almost entirely dependent on natural fishing, and the yield is very low. Due to the excessive destruction of many water bodies, the population of Shatang carp has been seriously damaged. The catch of Shatang carp has been sharply reduced, and the market price has once risen (the market price has reached 100 yuan/kg or more). Solving the artificial breeding of Shatang carp is the basis for the development of Shatang carp as a new valuable aquaculture species, and also a key technical link for the restoration of natural water body Shatang carp resources through artificial discharge.

However, in the breeding season of Shatang, from late March to early May, the water temperature is low (16-22 °C) and the fertilized eggs hatch for a long time (30-22d). During the artificial breeding process, water mold is easy to occur, and the hatching rate is extremely low. . Some scholars can shorten the hatching time of fish fry by controlling the light intensity and increasing the water temperature, reduce the occurrence of water mold and increase the hatching rate. This method requires a high-precision incubator, which is difficult to achieve in ordinary farms and does not have the value of production and promotion; in addition, the artificial reproduction of Shatang carp requires the fertilization of the broodstock to obtain fertilized eggs, and the fertility of the sand ponds is low (only 870) ~8112 tablets / tail), resulting in a large amount of parental waste, high reproductive costs, it is difficult to achieve large-scale seedling cultivation.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a sand pond imitation ecological breeding method, which is based on the living habits and breeding characteristics of the sand pond, and is mass-produced by imitation ecological techniques, without slaughtering the parents.

The object of the present invention is achieved as follows: a sand pond imitation ecological breeding method, comprising the following steps:

1) Imitation ecological pond construction

A. Choose a pond with sufficient water source, good water quality, convenient drainage and drainage, the pond is a full mud bottom without cement slope, the sludge at the bottom of the pool is <10cm, and the ratio of pond to slope is 1:5 to 1:3.0.

B. Dry lime method clear pond, the amount of quicklime is 70-100kg/mu;

C. After 10 to 14 days of clearing pond, apply fermented organic fertilizer 20~50kg/mu;

D. After fertilization, the pond is filled with water 10~20cm, and the plants are planted along the water inlet and outlet to plant aquatic plants. The water plants are Elodea and/or Hydrilla verticillata, and the distance between water plants is 0.8~1.2m;

E. The ridge tile is bundled into a tube shape to be used as a nest for the squid broodstock in the sand pond, and the roots of the water grass are placed along the bottom of the row, and the length of the fish nest is 0.8-1.2 m.

F, the pond water, increase the water level to 60 ~ 80cm;

G. After the water plants grow lush, the shrimps are stocked in the pond for 1~2kg/mu, and the prawn is 2~3kg/mu, and the 鲢30～50/mu, 鳙10～30/mu;

2) Breeding and breeding of broodstock

A. After the pond is constructed, select the healthy sardines that have been cultivated by the first year of artificial broodstock, and the gonads are mature, the body surface is normal, and there is no injury. The male and female pairs are paired, and the ratio of male to female is (1:1.1)~(1:1.2) ;

B. After pairing, the broodstock is basically injected with ripening drugs on the dorsal fin. The injection method is a one-time injection, and the broodstock injected with the ripening drug is disinfected and put into the imitation ecological pond; the ripening drug is composed of LRH-A2 and HCG. The dose of LRH-A2 per kg of female fish is 25-30 μg, the dose of HCG per kg female fish is 200-230 IU, and the dose of male fish is halved.

3) Inducing broodstock to fertilize and fertilize

After the broodstock adapts to the ecological pond for 3 to 5 days, it enters the stage of artificial induction of spawning, and promotes the simultaneous spawning and natural fertilization of the broodstock by running water stimulation; the flow rate is 7~12m/min;

4) broodstock hatching

The ovulation of the female broodstock is attached to the inner wall of the ridge tile of the buckle, and then the male broodstock is inseminated to form a fertilized egg. After the insemination is completed, the female fish leaves the fish nest, and the male fish hatches in the fish nest, and the water flow speed is at this time. Reduced to 3 ~ 5m / min, and the female cage fish is caught in the lower cage; the water quality is kept fresh during the hatching process of the male broodstock, the water temperature is 18 ~ 22 ° C, the hatching cycle of the fertilized eggs of Shatang carp is 30 ~ 22d, the end of the incubation The first 3 to 5 days gradually fertilize the water quality to provide natural bait organisms for the fry;

5) fry breeding

After all the fertilized eggs of Shatang carp have been ruptured, the male broodstock will be caught in the lower cage and the fry breeding will begin.

The invention successfully constructed the imitation ecological fish pond of Shatangyu by grasping the biological characteristics and reproductive characteristics of the sand pond, and established a sand pond imitation ecological breeding method through artificial ripening. Compared with the prior art, it is not necessary to slaughter the parent in the breeding process of Shatangjing, which greatly reduces the breeding cost; the use of male broodstock to protect the eggs can effectively prevent the occurrence of water mold. The hatching rate of the fry is greatly improved; in addition, the method is easy to operate, and the requirement for the fish pond is not high (it is convenient to enter and drain, and the fish pond can be reached in general), the required materials are easy to obtain, the applicability is strong, and it is easy to promote.

In order to ensure that the fry are well cultivated, in the early stage of fry breeding, the water quality of the soybean milk is poured and the water body is maintained. After 10 to 15 days, the shrimp seedlings are supplemented with 2-8 kg/mu, and the fry are grown to 3 to 4.5 cm to complete the fry. Cultivate. On one hand, the green shrimp can purify the water body, and while ensuring the cleanness of the water body, it also provides enough food for the growth of the fry.

In order to further ensure that the broodstock breeds well, in the cultivation of artificial broodstock, the soil pond is cultivated, the water depth is 1.5~2m, the stocking density is 2~5 tails/m ² , the shrimp seedlings and the miscellaneous fish are fed as bait, and the feeding is carried out in 4~8d. Maintain good water quality during the incubation period.

detailed description

A sand pond imitation ecological breeding method, the steps are as follows:

First broodstock breeding: On March 12-23, 2012, 267.7kg (8247) of wild sand ponds were harvested from net catches or cages, and cultivated in 2.7 acres of earthen ponds. On March 25th, 85kg of green shrimp seedlings (1200 tails/kg of shrimp seedlings) were fed. During the period from April to May, according to the feeding situation of Shatang, 4 to 8 days, the amount of shrimps was supplemented and fed (shrimp size 800-1200). Tail / kg), the number of blue shrimp tails is maintained at about 12 times the number of tails in Shatang; from June to July, the main species are fed sorghum, grass, scorpion scorpion and summer squid, and the feeding amount is controlled in Shatang 鳢The tail number is about 10 times, and the green shrimp is supplemented by about 2 times. From August to October, the wheat ear fish raised by the fishery is fed, and the feeding amount is controlled about 15 times of the number of the tail of the sand pond. Reduced, the feeding amount of wheat ears is controlled at about 10 times; from December to January, the feeding is stopped. In February of the next year, we began feeding wheat and green prawn, and increased the proportion of shrimp feeding (wheat fish: green shrimp = 1:2, intensive cultivation of Shatang brood), total feeding of wheat and green prawn Control the number of tails of the broodstock in Shatang 15 about 15 times; at the same time, change the pool water once a week to increase the flow of water and promote the development of gonads. In addition, the water quality should be kept fresh throughout the broodstock cultivation period, and the water quality should be timely added and replaced with new water.

After one year of cultivation, the sand pond imitation ecological breeding can be further carried out. The steps of the breeding method are as follows:

1. Imitation ecological pond construction

On March 1, 2013, 5 ponds with sufficient water source, good water quality and convenient drainage are listed as No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4 and No. 5; among them, No. 1 pond area is 1.2 mu and No. 2 The pond area is 1.6 mu, the pond area of No. 3 is 1.5 mu, the pond area of No. 4 is 1.2 mu, and the pond area of No. 5 is 1.8 mu.

The pond is required to be a full mud bottom without cement slope. The silt at the bottom of the pond is <10cm, and the ratio of pond to slope is (1:2.5) to (1:3.0). The method is to clean the pond with quicklime and the amount of quicklime is 70-100kg/mu. The specific dosages of ponds 1 to 5 are 100kg, 150kg, 150kg, 84kg and 180kg respectively.

After 10 to 14 days in Qingtang, the fermented organic fertilizer is applied 20~50kg/mu; the organic fertilizer is fermented by soybean meal, and the amount of organic fertilizer used in ponds 1~5 is 24kg, 48kg, 60kg, 60kg, 40kg respectively. , the fertilization time is March 13;

After fertilization, the pond is filled with water 10~20cm, and the plants are planted along the water inlet and outlet. The water plants are Elodea and/or Hydrilla verticillata. The distance between the plants is 0.8-1.2m. The water plants in the No.1 pond are Elodea. The water plants in the No. 2 pond are the Hydrilla verticillata, the water plants in the No. 3 pond are planted in the row between the Elodea and the Hydrilla verticillata, and the No. 4 pond is planted in the same row in the same row as the Elaeagnus and the Hydrilla verticillata. The aquatic plants are randomly planted with Elodea and Hydrilla verticillata;

After the plants are planted, the ridges are bundled into a tube shape to be used as a nest for the broodstock in the sand pond. The roots of the plants are placed along the bottom of the row, and the length of the fish nest is 0.8-1.2 m. The ponds 1 to 5 The number of fish nests is 700, 950, 900, 730, and 1150, respectively;

After the fish nest is arranged, water is poured into the pond to raise the water level to 60-80 cm;

After the lush vegetation grows, on March 28th, 1 to 2 kg/mu of green shrimp seedlings, 2 to 3 kg/mu of prawn eggs (4 to 6 cm in length), and 30 to 50 tails are placed in the pond. /mu (specification 10 ~ 16 tails / kg), 鳙 10 ~ 30 tails / acre (size 10 ~ 20 tails / kg);

2, broodstock breeding ripening

On April 2, 2013, a healthy sand pond with mature gonads, normal body surface and no injury was selected for the first year of artificial broodstock breeding. Male and female pairing was performed. The ratio of male to female was (1:1.1)～(1:1.2). The paired broodstock adopts the dorsal fin to basically inject the ripening drug, and the injection method is a one-time injection, and the broodstock injected with the ripening drug is disinfected and put into the imitation ecological pond; the ripening drug is composed of LRH-A2 and HCG, each The dose of LRH-A2 in kg female fish is 25-30 μg, the dose of HCG per kg female fish is 200-230 IU, and the dose of male fish is halved. The dose of Shatang carp in pond No. 1 is LRH injected per kg of female fish. -A2 25μg, HCG 200IU, the male fish injection dose is halved, the broodstock injected with ripening drugs is disinfected and placed in the No. 1 pond, a total of 750 groups (♂ 830 tails), that is, 750 female fish, 830 male fish for pairing . On April 14th, Pond No. 2 was paired with 1100 groups (♂1310), and the injection dose was 30μg of LRH～A2 per kg of female fish, HCG220IU, and the dose of male fish was halved. See Table 1 for the injection measurements of the Shatang carp in the remaining ponds.

3, induced broodstock spawning fertilization

After ripening, the broodstock enters the artificial induction spawning stage after being adapted to the ecological pond for 3 to 5 days. On April 6 and 19, 2013, respectively, the control of the flow rate of the No. 1-5 pond stimulated the broodstock, promoting its concentrated simultaneous spawning and natural fertilization. The water flow rates of the No. 1-5 ponds were 7 m/min, 10 m/min, 12 m/min, 9 m/min and 10 m/min, respectively.

4, broodstock protection eggs hatching

The female brooder ovulates on the inner wall of the ridge tile of the buckle, and then the male brooder insemination forms the fertilized egg. After the insemination is finished, the female fish leaves the fish nest, and the male fish hatches in the fish nest, April 8, 2013 From day to April 21, 20 fish nests to 30 fish nests were randomly selected from ponds 1 to 5, and the proportion of fish nests with fertilized eggs was over 75%. At this point, the water flow rate is lowered. As low as 3~5m/min, the female broodstock is caught in the lower cage, and the broodstock caught after sterilization and disinfection is cultivated in the special pool; the water quality is kept fresh during the hatching process of the male broodstock, and the water temperature is 18-22 °C, Shatang The hatching cycle of the fertilized eggs is 30 to 22 days, and the fertilizer water is gradually applied to the fish for 3 to 5 days before the end of the hatching to provide natural bait organisms for the fry;

5, fry breeding

A large number of flat fish fry were found in the pond, indicating that the Shatang carp had already ruptured and emerged. After all the fertilized eggs of Shatang carp were ruptured, the male broodstock was caught in the lower cage and the fry cultivation began. In order to ensure that the fry are well cultivated, in the early stage of fry cultivation, the water quality of the soybean milk is poured and the water body is maintained. After 10 to 15 days, the shrimp seedlings are supplemented with 2-8 kg/mu (size 1300-1500/kg) to the pond. It grows to 3 to 4.5 cm and completes fry breeding. On one hand, the green shrimp can purify the water body, and while ensuring the cleanness of the water body, it also provides enough food for the growth of the fry. From May 30th to June 7th, the ponds Nos. 1 to 5 were counted respectively. The average length of the fry was in the range of 3 to 4.5 cm, and the pond carp fry in each pond could be cultured in separate ponds.

By mastering the biological characteristics and reproductive characteristics of Shatang, the method successfully constructed the imitation ecological fish pond in Shatang, and established a method of ecological breeding in Shatang by artificial ripening. Compared with the prior art, it is not necessary to slaughter the parent in the breeding process of Shatangjing, which greatly reduces the breeding cost; the hatching of the male broodstock can effectively prevent the occurrence of water mold and greatly increase the hatching rate of the fry; It is simple, the requirements for the fish pond are not high, and it is convenient to enter and drain. The required materials are easy to obtain, and the applicability is strong and easy to promote.

Table 1: Summary Table of Parameters Related to Imitation Ecological Breeding of Ponds No.1~5

LRH-A2 in the table: HCG is the injected dose of female fish, and male fish is halved.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and based on the technical solutions disclosed by the present invention, those skilled in the art can make some substitutions for some of the technical features without any creative labor according to the disclosed technical content. Modifications, such substitutions and modifications are within the scope of the invention.

Claims

A sand pond imitation ecological breeding method, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:

1) Imitation ecological pond construction

A. Choose a pond with sufficient water source, good water quality, convenient drainage and drainage, the pond is a full mud bottom without cement slope, the sludge at the bottom of the pool is <10cm, and the ratio of pond to slope is 1:5 to 1:3.0.

B. Dry lime method clear pond, the amount of quicklime is 70-100kg/mu;

C. After 10 to 14 days of clearing pond, apply fermented organic fertilizer 20~50kg/mu;

D. After fertilization, the pond is filled with water 10~20cm, and the plants are planted along the water inlet and outlet to plant aquatic plants. The water plants are Elodea and/or Hydrilla verticillata, and the distance between water plants is 0.8~1.2m;

E. The ridge tile is bundled into a tube shape to be used as a nest for the squid broodstock in the sand pond, and the roots of the water grass are placed along the bottom of the row, and the length of the fish nest is 0.8-1.2 m.

F, the pond water, increase the water level to 60 ~ 80cm;

G. After the water plants grow lush, the shrimps are stocked in the pond for 1~2kg/mu, and the prawn is 2~3kg/mu, and the 鲢30～50/mu, 鳙10～30/mu;

2) Breeding and breeding of broodstock

A. After the pond is constructed, select the healthy sardines that have been cultivated by the first year of artificial broodstock, and the gonads are mature, the body surface is normal, and there is no injury. The male and female pairs are paired, and the ratio of male to female is (1:1.1)~(1:1.2) ;

B. After pairing, the broodstock is basically injected with ripening drugs on the dorsal fin. The injection method is a one-time injection, and the broodstock injected with the ripening drug is disinfected and put into the imitation ecological pond; the ripening drug is composed of LRH-A2 and HCG. The dose of LRH-A2 per kg of female fish is 25-30 μg, the dose of HCG per kg female fish is 200-230 IU, and the dose of male fish is halved;

3) Inducing broodstock to fertilize and fertilize

After the broodstock adapts to the ecological pond for 3 to 5 days, it enters the stage of artificial induction of spawning, and promotes the simultaneous spawning and natural fertilization of the broodstock by running water stimulation; the flow rate is 7~12m/min;

4) broodstock hatching

The ovulation of the female broodstock is attached to the inner wall of the ridge tile of the buckle, and then the male broodstock is inseminated to form a fertilized egg. After the insemination is completed, the female fish leaves the fish nest, and the male fish hatches in the fish nest, and the water flow speed is at this time. Reduced to 3 ~ 5m / min, and the female cage fish is caught in the lower cage; the water quality is kept fresh during the hatching process of the male broodstock, the water temperature is 18 ~ 22 ° C, the hatching cycle of the fertilized eggs of Shatang carp is 30 ~ 22d, the end of the incubation The first 3 to 5 days gradually fertilize the water quality to provide natural bait organisms for the fry;

5) fry breeding

After all the fertilized eggs of Shatang carp have been ruptured, the male broodstock will be caught in the lower cage and the fry breeding will begin.
The method for ecological breeding of sand pond imitation according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the fry is cultivated, the bean is splashed in the early stage. The quality of the slurry is fertilized and the water body is maintained. After 10 to 15 days, the shrimps are supplemented with 2 to 8 kg/mu of the shrimps, and the fry are grown to 3 to 4.5 cm to complete the fry cultivation.
The sand pond imitation ecological breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the artificial broodstock is cultivated, the soil pond is cultivated, the water depth is 1.5 to 2 m, the stocking density is 2 to 5 tails/m 2 , and the shrimp and the fish are fed. As a bait, it is fed once every 4 to 8 days, and the water quality is maintained during the cultivation.