CN108174822B - Training facility for improving field viability of giant salamander and method for training giant salamander - Google Patents
Training facility for improving field viability of giant salamander and method for training giant salamander Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108174822B CN108174822B CN201810208774.1A CN201810208774A CN108174822B CN 108174822 B CN108174822 B CN 108174822B CN 201810208774 A CN201810208774 A CN 201810208774A CN 108174822 B CN108174822 B CN 108174822B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- training
- giant salamander
- giant
- water
- bait
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 241000157862 Dicamptodontidae Species 0.000 title claims abstract 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 173
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 244000062645 predators Species 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 241001233037 catfish Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 241001597062 Channa argus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003578 releasing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000037237 body shape Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241001415306 Cryptobranchidae Species 0.000 description 192
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002431 foraging effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241001464837 Viridiplantae Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003938 response to stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001253208 Andrias davidianus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000269333 Caudata Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001417978 Channidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001161413 Dicamptodon aterrimus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010034960 Photophobia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a training facility for improving field viability of giant salamanders, which is characterized by comprising a spring water purification tank, a giant salamander culture tank, a training tank and a bait fish culture tank, wherein the spring water purification tank, the giant salamander culture tank, the training tank and the bait fish culture tank are respectively provided with a water inlet end and a water outlet end, the water inlet end of the spring water purification tank is connected with stream upstream water diversion, the water outlet end of the spring water purification tank is connected with the water inlet end of the giant salamander culture tank, the water outlet end of the giant salamander culture tank is connected with the water inlet end of the training tank, the water outlet end of the training tank is connected with the water inlet end of the bait fish culture tank, and the water outlet end of the bait fish culture tank is connected with an external drainage ditch. The invention also provides a method for training and breeding giant salamanders by using the facility, which strengthens the active predation capability of the giant salamanders by artificial training, breeds giant salamander fries with strong body shape, strong swimming capability, operation resistance and strong active predation capability, which can adapt to the field natural environment, under the artificial condition, and finally realizes good releasing effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquatic resource maintenance, and particularly relates to a training facility for improving the field survivability of giant salamanders. The invention also relates to a method for training and breeding giant salamanders by using the facility.
Background
Giant salamander (Andrias davidianus) commonly known as giant salamander belongs to class Amphibian (Amphibian), is of the order of Geudata (Caudata), is of the family of Cryptobrachidae (Cryptobrachidae), is a unique rare Amphibian in China, and is listed in the national secondary protective animal directory and is listed in the CITES convention annex I. Giant salamanders inhabit streams in mountain areas and live in holes with clear water quality, low sand content, turbulent water flow and backflow water. Adult individuals generally live alone in deep water regions, while young giant salamanders accumulate and live in shallower crevices. Photophobia is usually kept in the nest in the daytime, and is relatively active at night, and the nest is usually taken out of the hole to find food. Because the giant salamander has great dependence on water environment and poor diffusion capability, the distribution range and resources of the current wild giant salamander are drastically reduced, the habitat is severely fragmented, and partial local population is extinct or faces extinct. In order to recover the population quantity of giant salamanders, in 2002, the artificial raised giant salamanders are successively tried to be released in the provinces of Hunan, jiangxi and Beijing, and the like, and most of the selected giant salamanders are 100-200 g-specification immature giant salamanders which are bred by a farm. The giant salamander has the advantages of excellent culture environment conditions, sufficient bait, weak movement capability, poor active predation capability, slow response, intolerance to operation, low survival rate after releasing caused by unavoidable damage in the boxing, transferring and counting processes before releasing, and weakening the effect of proliferation and releasing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a training facility for improving the field survivability of giant salamanders, which can solve the problem of weak field adaptability of the existing amplified giant salamanders. The invention aims to solve another technical problem of providing a method for training and breeding giant salamanders by using the facility, which strengthens the active predatory ability of the giant salamanders through artificial training, breeds giant salamander fries with strong body shape, strong swimming ability, operation resistance and strong active predatory ability which can adapt to the field natural environment under the artificial condition, and finally achieves good releasing effect.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical proposal,
the training facility is characterized by comprising a spring water purifying pond, a giant salamander culture pond, a training pond and a bait fish culture pond, wherein the spring water purifying pond, the giant salamander culture pond, the training pond and the bait fish culture pond are respectively provided with a water inlet end and a water outlet end;
the water inlet end of the mountain spring water purifying pool is connected with the upstream water diversion of the stream;
the mountain spring water purifying pool is 3-5 m long, 0.5-1.2 m wide, 1-2 m deep and 0.8-1.0 m water level;
the water outlet end of the mountain spring water purifying tank is connected with the water inlet end of the giant salamander culture tank;
the giant salamander culture pond is an outdoor underground rectangular pond, the length is 5-6 m, the width is 1.0-1.5 m, the depth is 0.6-1 m, the gradient between the longitudinal direction and the horizontal plane is 0.5-2 degrees, the water inlet end of the giant salamander culture pond is higher than the water outlet end of the giant salamander culture pond, normal running water is kept, and the average water level is controlled to be 0.3-0.5 m;
the side wall of the giant salamander culture pond along the water flow direction is provided with semicircular artificial cavities with the diameter of 1.0-2.0 m and the height of 0.5m, each artificial cavity is respectively provided with two inlets and outlets which are used as inlets for the giant salamander to enter the artificial cavity or outlets for the giant salamander to climb out of the artificial cavity, the bottoms of the artificial cavities are flush with the bottoms of the giant salamander culture pond, and the bottoms are the same;
the water outlet end of the giant salamander culture pond is connected with the water inlet end of the training pond;
the training pool is 3-6 m long, 3-6 m wide, 1.5-2.0 m deep and 0.5-1.2 m water level, and is used for training bait fishes and giant salamanders;
the water outlet end of the training pool is connected with the water inlet end of the bait fish culture pool;
the bait fish culture pond is 3-6 m long, 3-6 m wide, 1.5-2.0 m deep and 0.5-1.2 m water level; because the training facilities for cultivating the field viability of the giant salamanders are generally arranged in mountain areas, nearby aquaculture enterprises or farmers have few, the fresh baits are difficult to ensure sufficient supply, and the special bait fish cultivation pond is specially arranged for cultivating the baits, so that the source of the baits is ensured and standardized, and the autonomous ingestion training of the giant salamanders is ensured to be carried out smoothly;
the water outlet end of the bait fish culture pond is connected with an external drainage ditch.
As optimization, the wall of the giant salamander culture pond is built by stone, bricks or concrete, and is smoothed or tiled by cement paste;
as optimization, paving cobbles at the bottom of the giant salamander culture pond, placing 3-5 blocks of stone with the thickness of 0.5-1.3 times of the water depth, and lying on the stone to enable the giant salamander to breathe when the head is exposed out of the water surface;
as optimization, the water inlet end of the giant salamander culture pond is provided with a through stop valve for adjusting the inflow water flow;
as optimization, the water inlet end and the water outlet end of the giant salamander culture pond are respectively provided with a filter screen;
as optimization, the water outlet end of the giant salamander culture pond is provided with a water level control facility, and the water level control facility comprises a water level control pipe, a water outlet pipe and a right-angle elbow; the water outlet pipe penetrates through the pool wall between the giant salamander culture and training pool and extends to the side of the giant salamander culture pool for 0.03-0.05 m; the water outlet pipe end at the giant salamander culture pond side is connected with a right-angle elbow; the other end of the right-angle elbow is connected with a water level control pipe which is vertical to the water surface; a plurality of small holes with the diameter of 0.01m are arranged on the water level control pipe at the height of 0.3-0.4 m away from the bottom of the giant salamander culture pond, and after the water level is higher than the small holes, flowing water enters a water outlet facility through the small holes and is discharged out of the giant salamander culture pond; in the cultivation process, the water level control pipe and the water outlet pipe are connected through a right-angle elbow, so that the water level can be controlled to be 0.3-0.5 m while long running water of the giant salamander cultivation pond is kept; if the water in the culture pond is required to be drained, directly taking down the water level control pipe and the right-angle elbow, and directly draining the pond water through a water outlet pipe of the water level control facility;
as optimization, rectangular giant salamander access passages are arranged on the wall of the giant salamander culture pond connected with the training pond, four corners are made into circular arcs, and a gate is arranged at one end of the giant salamander culture pond, so that the opening time can be controlled; the height of the rectangular giant salamander access passage is 10-15 cm, the width of the rectangular giant salamander access passage is 10-15 cm, the height of the rectangular giant salamander access passage from the bottom of the pond is 20-30 cm, steps are respectively arranged on two sides of the giant salamander access passage, the height of each step is 10-15 cm, and the width of each step is 15-20 cm, so that the giant salamander can conveniently climb the access opening; the giant salamander can conveniently enter the training pool for foraging at night from the giant salamander culture pool, and returns to the culture pool to enter the artificial cave for avoiding after foraging is completed;
as optimization, a cover plate is covered on the artificial cave, a pull ring is arranged on the cover plate, and the cover plate is covered with the floating soil; on one hand, the cover plate is conveniently lifted when the giant salamander is caught, and on the other hand, the water temperature is kept;
as optimization, a plurality of giant salamander culture ponds can be arranged, each giant salamander culture pond is independently connected with the water outlet end of the mountain spring water purification pond through the water inlet end of the giant salamander culture pond, and is connected with the water inlet end of the training pond through the water outlet end of the giant salamander culture pond;
as optimization, the training facilities for improving the field viability of giant salamanders are selected from places beside mountain streams, which are flat, open and rich in vegetation, green plants are planted around the giant salamander culture pond and the training pond, natural environments are built, and meanwhile, the giant salamander culture pond is used as a shading object, and the water temperature can be kept.
The invention also provides a method for training and breeding giant salamanders by the training facility, which comprises the following steps,
(1) Selecting giant salamander seedlings, and selecting artificially cultured giant salamander seedlings which are strong in physique, free of injury and consistent in specification, wherein the sources of the giant salamander seedlings accord with aquatic product standard SC/T1114-2014, and the specification is 100-200 g;
(2) Soaking giant salamander seedlings in 4% salt solution for 30min for disinfection; putting the giant salamander into a giant salamander culture pond, putting the giant salamander into the giant salamander culture pond with the density of 1-2 tails/m < 2 >, and covering an escape preventing net above the giant salamander culture pond;
(3) The method is characterized in that a field environment adaptive cultivation mode is adopted, a normal running water supplementing mode is adopted, so that giant salamanders are helped to adapt to day and night changes of light darkness, water temperature, air temperature, sound, environment creatures and the like in the field natural environment, fresh fish blocks are fed to a giant salamander cultivation pond at fixed points and at fixed time after the giant salamander is placed under the sun at 20:00 a night every day, namely dead baits, and the feeding amount is 10% -20% of the weight of the giant salamanders in the cultivation pond; fishing out the residual baits 6:00-8:00 in the morning every day, wherein the period is 1-2 weeks;
(4) Synchronously carrying out bait fish wild training, fishing the bait fish temporarily cultured in the bait pool into a training pool, and throwing the inland fishes such as snakehead, catfish and the like into the pool as predators, wherein the throwing amount is that one predator is thrown into every 200 bait fish, so that the bait fish wild training is carried out, the cultured bait fish is closer to natural groups in a field environment, and the bait fish wild training is beneficial to giant salamander predation competition training;
(5) The giant salamander imitates field predation training, progressive predation training is adopted, and ten days are taken as a cultivation stage; the first stage is a live bait predation training stage, namely, directly fishing fresh live bait fish (namely, live bait) from a bait fish culture pond, putting the live bait fish into a giant salamander culture pond, and training the giant salamander to predate the live bait, wherein the feeding amount is 4-6 tails/m < 2 >; the second stage is a stage of strengthening predation training, gradually reducing the feeding amount of the live baits to the field level, wherein the feeding amount is 0.5-1.0 tail/m < 2 >, and further strengthening the active predation live baits capability of the giant salamander; and in the third stage, bait fishes are not put into the giant salamander culture pond any more, a water level control pipe with a round hole in a water level control facility of the giant salamander culture pond is taken down, a straight pipe without a hole is used for raising the water level of the culture pond, a giant salamander access passage is opened, a water inlet valve is regulated simultaneously, water flows slowly through the giant salamander access passage, the giant salamander can enter a training pond independently, the training pond is changed into a predator, the giant salamander and the bait fishes from the coexistence of the original bait fishes and predators, the bait fishes are trained by the predators, the natural population in the wild environment is approached, the difficulty of the predation of the giant salamander is increased, meanwhile, the giant salamander still needs to compete for the bait with the predators and avoid the predators, the environment to which the giant salamander needs to adapt is further complicated, and the predation competition capability of the giant salamander is enhanced.
(6) The natural enemy avoidance training in the wild is performed without actively removing the natural enemies of giant salamanders near the training facilities for improving the field viability of the cultured giant salamanders, so that the giant salamanders learn to avoid the natural enemies.
(7) After the steps, 250-500 g standard seedlings are selected to finish cultivation for proliferation and release.
As optimization, before the step (1), newly-built training facilities are soaked in flowing water for 3 months, so that the water quality is ensured to meet the requirements of giant salamander culture water quality;
as optimization, before the step (1), controlling the water temperature of the training facility to be between 16 and 24 ℃, wherein the water quality meets the following conditions: dissolved oxygen is more than or equal to 3mg/L, and the pH value is as follows: 6.2 to 7, the water is clear and not turbid;
in the step (1), the giant salamander cultivation time is selected to be 4-7 months, and the cultivation process is 1.5-2 months.
In the step (6), the giant salamander to be amplified is fasted for two days before being discharged, so that the stress response of the giant salamander to the operation processes of boxing, transportation and the like is reduced.
According to the training facility and the training method for improving the field viability of giant salamanders, the artificial giant salamanders are gradually adapted to natural environments such as dark night, water temperature, air temperature, sound and the like in the field through the field simulated ecological environment conditions; gradually reducing dead bait feeding, increasing live bait feeding, reducing the quantity of the live baits until no bait is fed, gradually training and strengthening the ability of giant salamanders to actively predate living bodies, and simultaneously training physique; synchronously training bait fish in a training pool by using inland fishes such as snakehead fish, catfish and the like so as to enable the bait fish to be more similar to a wild state; the giant salamander enters a training pool by utilizing a special connecting device in a training facility, so that predation competition training is started while the range is enlarged for foraging, more complex environments are dealt with, and the field environment adaptability is further enhanced; after short-term cultivation and exercise for 1-2 months, giant salamander seedlings which can adapt to the natural habitat in the wild are cultivated under the artificial condition, and the giant salamander seedlings are strong in posture, sensitive in response, strong in active predatory capacity and resistant to operation, and finally good in releasing effect is achieved. The invention is found after popularization that the constitution and the active predatory capacity of giant salamander seedlings are obviously improved, the viability of the amplified giant salamander seedlings in the natural environment is improved, the method has very important significance for twisting the current situation of wild giant salamander resources, recovering wild population resources and continuing species, and provides a technical foundation for protecting the wild giant salamander resources and the proliferation and the release of the wild giant salamander resources.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a training facility according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an access passage structure of giant salamander according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a water level control facility according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Further details are set forth below in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
The training facility for improving the field viability of giant salamanders is used for selecting places which are flat, open and rich in vegetation and beside mountain streams, and comprises a mountain spring water purifying pond 1, a giant salamander culture pond 2, a training pond 3, a bait fish culture pond 4 and a mountain spring water purifying pond 1, a giant salamander culture pond 2, a training pond 3 and a bait fish culture pond 4 which are respectively provided with a water inlet end and a water outlet end; green plants are planted around the giant salamander culture pond 2 and the training pond 3, so that natural environment is created, and meanwhile, the giant salamander culture pond is used as a shading object, and the water temperature can be kept;
the mountain spring water purifying pool 1 is 3-5 m long, 0.5-1.2 m wide and 1-2 m deep, and the water level is kept at 0.8-1.0 m; the water inlet end 5 of the mountain spring water purifying pool is connected with the upstream water diversion of the stream, and the water outlet end 6 of the mountain spring water purifying pool is connected with the water inlet end 7 of the giant salamander culture pool;
the giant salamander culture pond 2 is an outdoor underground rectangular pond, the length is 5-6 m, the width is 1.0-1.5 m, the depth is 0.6-1 m, the gradient between the longitudinal direction and the horizontal plane is 0.5-2 degrees, the water inlet end 7 of the giant salamander culture pond is higher than the water outlet end 8 of the giant salamander culture pond, normal running water is kept, and the average water level is controlled to be 0.3-0.5 m;
the wall of the giant salamander culture pond 2 is built by stone, bricks or concrete, and is smoothed or tiled by cement paste; paving cobbles at the bottom of the giant salamander culture pond 2, placing 3-5 blocks of stone with the thickness of 0.5-1.3 times of the water depth, and lying on the stone to expose the head of the giant salamander to breathe on the water surface;
the water inlet end 7 of the giant salamander culture pond and the water outlet end 8 of the giant salamander culture pond are respectively provided with a filter screen;
the water inlet end 7 of the giant salamander culture pond is provided with a through stop valve for adjusting the inflow rate of water;
the water outlet end 8 of the giant salamander culture pond is provided with a water level control facility 9, and the water level control facility 9 comprises a water level control pipe 10, a water outlet pipe 11 and a right-angle elbow 12; the water outlet pipe 11 penetrates through the wall between the giant salamander culture pond and the training pond 14 and extends to the side of the giant salamander culture pond 2 for 0.03-0.05 m; the end of the water outlet pipe 11 at the side of the giant salamander culture pond 2 is connected with a right-angle elbow 12; the other end of the right-angle elbow 12 is connected with a water level control pipe 10, and the water level control pipe 10 is vertical to the water surface; a plurality of small holes 13 with the diameter of 0.01m are arranged on the water level control pipe 10 at the height of 0.3-0.4 m away from the bottom 2 of the giant salamander culture pond, and after the water level is higher than the position of the small holes 13, flowing water enters the water level control facility 9 through the small holes 13 and is discharged out of the giant salamander culture pond; in the cultivation process, a water level control pipe 10 and a water outlet pipe 11 are connected through a right-angle elbow 12, and the water level can be controlled to be 0.3-0.5 m while long running water of the giant salamander cultivation pond 2 is kept; if the water in the giant salamander culture pond 2 is required to be drained, directly taking down the water level control pipe 10 and the elbow 12, and directly draining the pond water through the water outlet pipe 11 of the water level control facility 9;
the side wall of the giant salamander culture pond 2 along the water flow direction is provided with semicircular artificial cavities 15 with the diameter of 1.0-2.0 m and the height of 0.5m, each artificial cavity is respectively provided with two inlets and outlets 16, the bottom of each artificial cavity 15 is flush with the bottom of the giant salamander culture pond, and the bottom materials are the same; a cover plate is covered on the artificial cave 15, a pull ring is arranged on the cover plate, and the cover plate is covered with the floating soil; on one hand, the cover plate is conveniently lifted when the giant salamander is caught, and on the other hand, the water temperature is kept;
the water outlet end 8 of the giant salamander culture pond is connected with the water inlet end 17 of the training pond;
the training pool 3 is 3-6 m long, 3-6 m wide, 1.5-2.0 m deep and 0.5-1.2 m water level; is used for training bait fish and giant salamander; rectangular giant salamander access passages 18 are formed in the wall, connected with the training pool 3, of the giant salamander culture pool 2, arc-shaped four corners are formed, a gate 19 is arranged at one end, close to the giant salamander culture pool 2, of the giant salamander culture pool, and opening time can be controlled; the height of the rectangular giant salamander access passage 18 is 10-15 cm, the width is 10-15 cm, the height from the bottom of the pond is 20-30 cm, steps 20 are respectively arranged on two sides of the giant salamander access passage 18, the height of each step 20 is 10-15 cm, and the width is 15-20 cm, so that the giant salamander can conveniently climb the giant salamander access passage 18; the giant salamander conveniently enters the training pool 3 from the giant salamander culture pool 2 to forage at night, and returns to the culture pool to enter the artificial cave 15 to avoid after foraging is completed;
the water outlet end 17 of the training pool is connected with the water inlet end 21 of the bait fish culture pool;
the bait fish culture pond 4 is 3-6 m long, 3-6 m wide, 1.5-2.0 m deep and 0.5-1.2 m water level; the training facilities for cultivating the field viability of the giant salamanders are generally arranged in mountain areas, nearby aquaculture enterprises or farmers have few, the fresh baits are difficult to ensure sufficient supply, the special bait fish cultivation pond 4 is specially arranged for cultivating the baits, the sources of the baits are ensured and standardized, and the autonomous ingestion training of the giant salamanders is ensured to be carried out smoothly;
the water outlet end 22 of the bait fish culture pond is connected with an external drainage ditch.
Example 2
The method for training giant salamanders by the training facility according to embodiment 1 comprises the following steps:
(1) The newly built training facilities are soaked in clean water for 3 months, so that the water quality meets the requirements of giant salamander culture water quality; the water temperature of the training facility is controlled to be 16-24 ℃, and the water quality meets the following conditions: dissolved oxygen is more than or equal to 3mg/L, and the pH value is as follows: 6.2 to 7, the water is clear and not turbid;
(2) Selecting giant salamander seedlings, and selecting artificially cultured giant salamander seedlings which are strong in physique, free of injury and consistent in specification, wherein the sources of the giant salamander seedlings accord with aquatic product standard SC/T1114-2014, and the specification is 100-200 g; the giant salamander cultivation time is selected to be started in 4-7 months, and the cultivation process is 1.5-2 months;
(3) Soaking giant salamander seedlings in 4% salt solution for 30min for disinfection; then placing the plant into the culture pond, putting the plant into the culture pond with the density of 1-2 tails/m < 2 >, and covering an escape preventing net above the culture pond;
(4) The method is characterized in that a field environment adaptive cultivation mode is adopted, a normal running water supplementing mode is adopted, so that giant salamanders are helped to adapt to day and night changes of light darkness, water temperature, air temperature, sound, environment creatures and the like in the field natural environment, fresh fish blocks are fed to a giant salamander cultivation pond at fixed points and at fixed time after the giant salamander is placed under the sun at 20:00 a night every day, namely dead baits, and the feeding amount is 10% -20% of the weight of the giant salamanders in the cultivation pond; the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Fishing out the residual baits 6:00-8:00 in the morning every day, wherein the period is 1-2 weeks;
(5) Synchronously carrying out wild bait fish training in a training pool, fishing and placing temporarily-cultured bait fish in the bait pool into the training pool, and throwing inland fishes such as snakeheads, catfish and the like as predators, wherein the throwing amount is that one predator is thrown into every 200 bait fish, and only the bait fish and the predators are in the training pool at the moment, so that wild bait fish training is carried out, and the cultured bait fish is more similar to natural groups in a wild environment;
(6) The giant salamander imitates field predation training, progressive predation training is adopted, and ten days are taken as a cultivation stage; the first stage is a live bait predation training stage, namely, directly fishing fresh live bait fish (namely, live bait) from a bait fish culture pond, putting the live bait fish into a giant salamander culture pond, and training the giant salamander to predate the live bait, wherein the feeding amount is 4-6 tails/m < 2 >; the second stage is a reinforced predation training stage, live baits from a bait pool are fully put in, the putting amount of the live baits is gradually reduced to the field level every day, the feeding amount is 0.5-1.0 tail/m < 2 >, and the active predation ability of giant salamanders is further enhanced; and in the third stage, bait fishes are not put into the giant salamander culture pond any more, a water level control pipe with a round hole in a water level control facility of the giant salamander culture pond is taken down, a straight pipe without a hole is used for raising the water level of the culture pond, a giant salamander access passage is opened, a water inlet valve is regulated simultaneously, water flows slowly through the giant salamander access passage, the giant salamander can enter a training pond autonomously, the training pond is changed into predators, giant salamanders and bait fishes from the coexistence of the original bait fishes and predators, the bait fishes are trained by the predators, the natural population in the wild environment is approached, the difficulty of the giant salamander predation is increased, meanwhile, the giant salamander still needs to compete with the put predators and avoid predators, the environment which the giant salamander needs to adapt is further complicated, and the predation competition capability of the giant salamander is enhanced.
(7) The natural enemy avoidance training in the wild is performed without actively removing the natural enemies of giant salamanders near the training facilities for improving the field viability of the cultured giant salamanders, so that the giant salamanders learn to avoid the natural enemies.
(8) After the steps, 250-500 g of standard seedlings are selected to finish cultivation for proliferation and release; the giant salamander to be amplified is fasted for two days before releasing, so that the stress response of the giant salamander to the operation processes of boxing, transportation and the like is reduced.
According to the training facility and the training method for improving the field viability of giant salamanders, the artificial giant salamanders are gradually adapted to natural environments such as dark night, water temperature, air temperature, sound and the like in the field through the field simulated ecological environment conditions; gradually reducing dead bait feeding, increasing live bait feeding, reducing the quantity of the live baits until no bait is fed, gradually training and strengthening the ability of giant salamanders to actively predate living bodies, and simultaneously training physique; synchronously training bait fish in a training pool by using inland fishes such as snakehead fish, catfish and the like so as to enable the bait fish to be more similar to a wild state; the giant salamander enters a training pool by utilizing a special connecting device in a training facility, so that predation competition training is started while the range is enlarged for foraging, more complex environments are dealt with, and the field environment adaptability is further enhanced; after short-term cultivation and exercise for 1-2 months, giant salamander seedlings which can adapt to the natural habitat in the wild are cultivated under the artificial condition, and the giant salamander seedlings are strong in posture, sensitive in response, strong in active predatory capacity and resistant to operation, and finally good in releasing effect is achieved. The invention is found after popularization that the constitution and the active predatory capacity of giant salamander seedlings are obviously improved, the viability of the amplified giant salamander seedlings in the natural environment is improved, the method has very important significance for twisting the current situation of wild giant salamander resources, recovering wild population resources and continuing species, and provides a technical foundation for protecting the wild giant salamander resources and the proliferation and the release of the wild giant salamander resources.
Claims (2)
1. A method for training and breeding giant salamanders comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting giant salamander seedlings, and selecting artificially cultured giant salamander seedlings which are strong in physique, free of injury and consistent in specification, wherein the sources of the giant salamander seedlings accord with aquatic product standard SC/T1114-2014, and the specification is 100-200 g;
(2) Soaking giant salamander seedlings in 4% salt solution for 30min for disinfection; then put into a giant salamander culture pond, and the put density is 1-2 tails/m 2 Then covering an escape preventing net above the giant salamander culture pond;
(3) The method is characterized in that a field environment adaptive cultivation mode is adopted, a normal running water supplementing mode is adopted, so that giant salamanders are helped to adapt to day and night changes of light darkness, water temperature, air temperature, sound, environment creatures and the like in the field natural environment, fresh fish blocks are fed to a giant salamander cultivation pond at fixed points and at fixed time after the giant salamander is placed under the sun at 20:00 a night every day, namely dead baits, and the feeding amount is 10% -20% of the weight of the giant salamanders in the cultivation pond; fishing out the residual baits 6:00-8:00 in the morning every day, wherein the period is 1-2 weeks;
(4) Synchronously carrying out wild bait fish training, fishing temporarily-cultured bait fish in a bait pool into a training pool, and throwing inland fishes such as snakehead, catfish and the like into the pool as predators, wherein the throwing amount is that one predator is thrown into every 200 bait fish, so that wild bait fish training is carried out;
(5) The giant salamander imitates field predation training, progressive predation training is adopted, and ten days are taken as a cultivation stage; the first stage is live bait predation training stage, in which fresh live bait fish (i.e. live bait) is directly caught from a bait fish culture pond and put into a giant salamander culture pond, and the feeding amount is 4-6 tails/m 2 Training giant salamander predation live baits; the second stage is a stage of strengthening predation training, gradually reducing the feeding amount of live baits to the field level, and feeding the live baits to 0.5-1.0 tail/m 2 The ability of the giant salamander to actively predate the live baits is further enhanced; in the third stage, bait fishes are not put into the giant salamander culture pond any more, a water level control pipe with a round hole in a water level control facility at the water outlet end of the giant salamander culture pond is taken down and replaced by a straight pipe without a hole, the water level of the culture pond is raised, a giant salamander inlet and outlet channel is opened, a water inlet valve is adjusted, water flows slowly through the giant salamander inlet and outlet channel, the giant salamander can independently enter a training pond, and the training pond is changed into a predator, a giant salamander and the bait fishes coexist from the condition that the original bait fishes coexist with the predator;
6) Training for avoiding natural enemies in the wild, and not actively removing natural enemies of giant salamanders near a training facility for improving the field viability of the cultured giant salamanders;
7) After the steps, 250-500 g standard seedlings are selected to finish cultivation for proliferation and release.
2. The method for training and culturing giant salamanders according to claim 1, wherein the water temperature of the training facilities is controlled to be 16-24 ℃, and the water quality meets the following conditions: dissolved oxygen is more than or equal to 3mg/L, and the pH value is as follows: 6.2 to 7.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810208774.1A CN108174822B (en) | 2018-03-14 | 2018-03-14 | Training facility for improving field viability of giant salamander and method for training giant salamander |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810208774.1A CN108174822B (en) | 2018-03-14 | 2018-03-14 | Training facility for improving field viability of giant salamander and method for training giant salamander |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108174822A CN108174822A (en) | 2018-06-19 |
| CN108174822B true CN108174822B (en) | 2023-09-26 |
Family
ID=62553605
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810208774.1A Active CN108174822B (en) | 2018-03-14 | 2018-03-14 | Training facility for improving field viability of giant salamander and method for training giant salamander |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN108174822B (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109349166B (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2020-04-28 | 中国长江三峡集团公司中华鲟研究所 | Wild training method for Chinese sturgeons |
| CN109906997A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-06-21 | 竹溪县隆源大鲵生物开发有限公司 | Pond is raised and train in a kind of giant salamander field |
| CN110089487A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2019-08-06 | 古丈县民族大鲵特种养殖专业合作社 | A kind of cultural method of giant salamander |
| CN112753635B (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2022-01-14 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Wild domestication system and domestication method for seawater fish proliferation and releasing seedlings |
| CN112913725A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-06-08 | 上海海洋大学 | Wild training device and wild training method for black porgy |
| CN114158522B (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2023-05-23 | 岳西县锐启珍鲵养殖有限公司 | Wild-imitating giant salamander breeding system |
Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101081008A (en) * | 2007-07-13 | 2007-12-05 | 南郑县秦岭大鲵养殖有限责任公司 | Bionics artificial reproduction method of large salamander |
| CN102669040A (en) * | 2012-05-16 | 2012-09-19 | 都江堰运杰渔业科技有限公司 | Giant salamander imitated ecological cultivation circulating water system |
| CN202819351U (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2013-03-27 | 贵州锦江大鲵科技股份有限公司 | Giant salamander outdoor aquaculture system |
| CN103380758A (en) * | 2013-08-07 | 2013-11-06 | 西南大学 | Factory giant salamander healthy cultivation method |
| CN103416350A (en) * | 2013-08-26 | 2013-12-04 | 吉首大学 | Andrias davidianus artificial enhancement and releasing method |
| CN205567502U (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2016-09-14 | 铜仁市永泰成农业科技发展有限公司 | Automatic feed giant salamander breeding system of eating |
| CN105981682A (en) * | 2015-02-11 | 2016-10-05 | 重庆市万州区钟溪河大鲵养殖有限公司 | Giant salamander aquaculture technique |
| CN106577512A (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-04-26 | 神农架林区佳园科技养殖有限公司 | Andrias davidianus bionic breeding system and method |
| WO2017107032A1 (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2017-06-29 | 唐金贵 | Simulated ecological breeding method for odontobutis obscura |
| CN107156036A (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2017-09-15 | 湖北省房县秦楚源大鲵专业合作社 | Northwest of Hubei Province giant salamander imitates wild domesticating method |
| CN208080350U (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-11-13 | 江西省水产科学研究所 | A kind of training facilities improving cultivation giant salamander field survivorship ability |
-
2018
- 2018-03-14 CN CN201810208774.1A patent/CN108174822B/en active Active
Patent Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101081008A (en) * | 2007-07-13 | 2007-12-05 | 南郑县秦岭大鲵养殖有限责任公司 | Bionics artificial reproduction method of large salamander |
| CN102669040A (en) * | 2012-05-16 | 2012-09-19 | 都江堰运杰渔业科技有限公司 | Giant salamander imitated ecological cultivation circulating water system |
| CN202819351U (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2013-03-27 | 贵州锦江大鲵科技股份有限公司 | Giant salamander outdoor aquaculture system |
| CN103380758A (en) * | 2013-08-07 | 2013-11-06 | 西南大学 | Factory giant salamander healthy cultivation method |
| CN103416350A (en) * | 2013-08-26 | 2013-12-04 | 吉首大学 | Andrias davidianus artificial enhancement and releasing method |
| CN105981682A (en) * | 2015-02-11 | 2016-10-05 | 重庆市万州区钟溪河大鲵养殖有限公司 | Giant salamander aquaculture technique |
| WO2017107032A1 (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2017-06-29 | 唐金贵 | Simulated ecological breeding method for odontobutis obscura |
| CN205567502U (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2016-09-14 | 铜仁市永泰成农业科技发展有限公司 | Automatic feed giant salamander breeding system of eating |
| CN106577512A (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-04-26 | 神农架林区佳园科技养殖有限公司 | Andrias davidianus bionic breeding system and method |
| CN107156036A (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2017-09-15 | 湖北省房县秦楚源大鲵专业合作社 | Northwest of Hubei Province giant salamander imitates wild domesticating method |
| CN208080350U (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-11-13 | 江西省水产科学研究所 | A kind of training facilities improving cultivation giant salamander field survivorship ability |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 人工养殖大鲵的驯化技术;陈云祥;;北京水产(第03期);第27-28页 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN108174822A (en) | 2018-06-19 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN108174822B (en) | Training facility for improving field viability of giant salamander and method for training giant salamander | |
| CN103348890B (en) | Method for comprehensively raising various types of aquatic livestock and cultivating paddy in paddy field | |
| CN101715747B (en) | Method for promoting Yangtze River saury to naturally spawn | |
| CN104855310B (en) | Acrossocheilus fasciatus simulated ecological factory large scale breeding and domestication method | |
| WO2020073280A1 (en) | Block-type ecology-imitating pond breeding and fry-rearing device and method | |
| CN102144612B (en) | Bionic breeding method of platysternon megacephalum | |
| CN102124974B (en) | Method for artificially breeding seed of spotted maigre | |
| CN103503833B (en) | A kind of Andrias davidianus Blanchard high-density breeding method | |
| CN103583428A (en) | Method for cultivating loach larvae by arranging net cages in pond | |
| CN106259182A (en) | High density concentrates the cultural method of stable breeding Rana nigromaculata | |
| CN1729763A (en) | Method for cultivating antispdix offspring and apparatus used thereby | |
| CN104335941A (en) | Pond microorganism and leech planting and breeding mode | |
| CN209218928U (en) | A kind of cray batch production spawning and hatching device | |
| CN102823531B (en) | Marsupenaeus japonicus outdoor overwintering culture method | |
| CN101971783B (en) | Full artificial ecological simulation breeding technology of burbot | |
| CN106172184A (en) | The breeding of scale Ecology and the efficient and healthful domesticating method of a kind of Platysternon megacephalum Gray. | |
| CN208080350U (en) | A kind of training facilities improving cultivation giant salamander field survivorship ability | |
| CN216088323U (en) | Greenhouse culture system of micropterus salmoides | |
| CN115720862A (en) | Wild training cultivation method for improving releasing survival rate of Trachidermus fasciatus | |
| CN213784892U (en) | Multi-layer drawer type young freshwater mussel cultivation device | |
| CN101731166B (en) | Artificial propagation method of perccottus glehni | |
| CN111820156B (en) | Method for continuously collecting large amount of eggs in eleutheronema tetradactylum pond | |
| CN112106699A (en) | Method for domesticating loach fish with cold water flowing property in migratory place | |
| CN208402945U (en) | A kind of stone frog ecologic breeding ditch | |
| CN107410106B (en) | Finless eel breeding tube, finless eel breeding device and finless eel breeding method |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |