CN112586416A - Method for breeding two-season freshwater shrimps in gorgon fruit pond - Google Patents
Method for breeding two-season freshwater shrimps in gorgon fruit pond Download PDFInfo
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- CN112586416A CN112586416A CN202011487356.4A CN202011487356A CN112586416A CN 112586416 A CN112586416 A CN 112586416A CN 202011487356 A CN202011487356 A CN 202011487356A CN 112586416 A CN112586416 A CN 112586416A
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- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 244000268590 Euryale ferox Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 235000006487 Euryale ferox Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 241000143060 Americamysis bahia Species 0.000 title claims abstract 16
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 title description 6
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 55
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 241000252234 Hypophthalmichthys nobilis Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 241001113556 Elodea Species 0.000 description 8
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000058338 Macrobrachium nipponense Species 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000005276 aerator Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidochlorine(.) Chemical compound O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- JDLKFOPOAOFWQN-VIFPVBQESA-N Allicin Natural products C=CCS[S@](=O)CC=C JDLKFOPOAOFWQN-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000252229 Carassius auratus Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004155 Chlorine dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000498251 Hydrilla Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000555922 Potamogeton crispus Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000543445 Vallisneria spiralis Species 0.000 description 1
- JDLKFOPOAOFWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N allicin Chemical compound C=CCSS(=O)CC=C JDLKFOPOAOFWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010081 allicin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019398 chlorine dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
A method for culturing two-season freshwater shrimps in a gordon euryale pond mainly comprises the following steps: 1) a pond; 2) stocking the first crop of freshwater shrimps; 3) harvesting shrimps in the first crop; 4) planting gorgon fruit; 5) placing the second batch of shrimp fries; 6) picking gorgon fruit; 7) and harvesting the second batch of freshwater shrimps. According to the method, the freshwater shrimps are stocked for two seasons by utilizing the pond empty period of planting the gordon euryale seeds for 2-5 months according to the planting time difference, the culture specification and density are changed according to different growth periods, ecological alternate culture of the gordon euryale seeds and the freshwater shrimps is realized, the land utilization rate is improved, and the economic benefit is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a method for culturing two-season freshwater shrimps in a gordon euryale seed pond.
Background
Freshwater shrimp (academic name: macrobrachium nipponensis)Macrobrachium nipponense) The shrimp is commonly called river shrimp, has miscellaneous eating quality, strong adaptability, tender meat quality, delicious taste and rich nutrition, and is a famous fresh water breeding variety in China. In 2019, the national yield exceeds 22.5 ten thousand tons, and the industry develops rapidly. The traditional freshwater shrimp culture mode is mainly pond culture, and needs to plant water weeds such as hydrilla verticillata, curly pondweed, goldfish algae, waterweed, bitter grass and the like, wherein the area of the water weeds at the seedling stage accounts for 10-25% of the area of the pond, and the area of the water weeds at the middle and later stages of the culture is 30-50%. The planting technology of the aquatic weeds is high in requirement and difficult to control, and the overgrown aquatic weeds not only consume fertility but also are easy to rot and destroy water.
The gorgon fruit and the freshwater shrimp are organically combined for cultivation, the gorgon fruit replaces the shading and adhering functions of partial aquatic weeds, aquatic weeds are effectively reduced for planting, the pest and disease damage of the gorgon fruit is reduced, the ecological balance of the field is promoted, the land utilization efficiency is improved, the output of unit area is increased, the economic risk is reduced, the product quality is improved, and the ecological environment is protected.
At present, no report on culturing the freshwater shrimps in two seasons in a gordon euryale seed pond exists in China.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to combine planting and breeding by utilizing the symbiotic mutual benefit principle of biology and ecology, improve the existing gordon euryale planting and freshwater shrimp breeding mode, and realize the method for breeding the freshwater shrimps in two seasons by the gordon euryale pond through the combined operation and rotation of the gordon euryale and the freshwater shrimps.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
a method for culturing two-season freshwater shrimps in a gordon euryale pond mainly comprises the following steps:
1) pond: arranging a deep water area and a shallow water area, wherein the deep water area is used for stocking freshwater shrimps and supporting aquatic organisms, and the shallow water area is used for planting gordon euryale seeds;
2) stocking the first batch of freshwater shrimps: in the early 3 months, when the water temperature is higher than 10 ℃, each 667m in deep water area2Putting 1.5-2.5 ten thousand healthy and active freshwater shrimp seeds with the specification of 900-1500/kg, and carrying out water operation when the temperature difference between the inside and the outside is less than or equal to 3 ℃ during seedling putting; then feeding is carried out;
3) harvesting the first crop of shrimps: beginning to catch big and leave small in the last ten days of the month 4, and clearing the pond in the last ten days of the month 5;
4) planting gorgon fruit: digging holes and fixing the vertical rods in shallow water areas with the plant spacing of 2.0-2.2 m and the row spacing of 2.0-2.2 m at the bottom of 5 months, wherein each 667m of shallow water areas are used for planting2Planting 120-125 plants; then carrying out planting management;
5) placing the second batch of shrimp fries: 7 months, every 667m2Putting 2.8-3.5 thousands of healthy active shrimp seedlings with the specification of 1800-2500 tails/kg, wherein the temperature difference is less than or equal to 2 ℃ during seedling putting; after seedling placement, 10-15 days, each 667m2Putting 120 flowers and silver carps with the specification of 200-250 g;
6) picking gorgon fruit: manually harvesting at the bottom of 8 months, wherein the harvesting interval is 5-7 days, and the harvesting is continued until the bottom of 10 months;
7) harvesting the second batch of freshwater shrimps: beginning to capture in the middle of 9 months, and capturing and reserving the pond as small as 12 months.
Preferably, in the step 2), the pond is cleaned and fertilized in the last 2 months before the first-crop macrobrachium nipponensis is put in the pond, and aquatic weeds are planted in the circular ditches.
Preferably, the fishing specification of the shrimps in the step 3) and the step 7) is more than 8 cm.
Compared with the existing culture mode, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the culture time difference, the open pond period of planting the gorgon fruit for 2-5 months is utilized, the freshwater shrimps in two seasons are put in stock, the culture specification and density are changed according to different growth periods, ecological alternate culture of the gorgon fruit and the freshwater shrimps is realized, the land utilization rate is improved, and the economic benefit is increased.
(2) According to the fishing and vegetable symbiotic principle, the gorgon fruit and the freshwater shrimp are organically combined to form a co-operation mode, the planting of waterweeds is effectively reduced, the pest and disease damage of the gorgon fruit is reduced, the ecological balance of the field is promoted, the land utilization efficiency is improved, the output of unit area is increased, the economic risk is reduced, the product quality is improved, and the ecological environment is protected.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention.
Taking the first seedling release in the beginning of 3 months as an example, the method for culturing the two-season freshwater shrimps in the gordon euryale seed pond comprises the following steps:
1) pond conditions: each pond is 3000-6000 m2Surrounding ridges around, wherein the width of the ridges is 0.5-0.8 m, the ridges are compacted and do not leak, the width of a circular ditch is 2-4 m, the depth of the circular ditch is 1.2-2 m, the slope ratio is 1: 1.5-1: 3.5, the ditch bottom is flat, the thickness of the sludge is less than or equal to 10cm, the water quality is fresh, the pH value is 7.0-8.0, the dissolved oxygen is more than or equal to 5mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen is less than or equal to 0.2mg/L, and each 667m is2And (3) matching with 0.5-1 kw pipeline type oxygenation equipment, and placing an oxygenation pipeline in the annular trench. Forming a deep water area and a shallow water area, wherein the deep water area is used for stocking freshwater shrimps and matched spotted silver carps, and the shallow water area is used for planting gorgon fruit. A water inlet and outlet is arranged at the opposite angle, a water inlet is suspended on the water surface, and the water inlet and outlet are firmly tied by 60-100-mesh bolting silk;
2) planting aquatic weeds: 2 ten days later, cleaning the bottom of the pond after the pond is dried, and every 667m2And (3) removing harmful organisms by using 15-25 kg of tea seed cakes, and mainly removing fish and shrimps with foreign food or meat food. Each 667m in the annular trench2Applying 200-350 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer; the waterweeds and the tape grass are planted in the annular ditch, the plant spacing is 1.0-2.5 m, and the row spacing is 2 m. Keeping the water level to be 50-60 cm, and gradually deepening the water level along with the growth of the aquatic weeds;
3) stocking the first batch of freshwater shrimps: in the early 3 months, when the water temperature is higher than 10 ℃, each 667m in deep water area2Putting 1.5-2.5 ten thousand healthy and active freshwater shrimps with the specification of 900-1500 per kg, wherein the internal and external temperature difference is less than or equal to 3 ℃ during seedling putting; when the water temperature of the freshwater shrimps is higher than 10 ℃, the freshwater shrimps start to eat and need to breed large-size shrimp seeds, the shrimp seeds cannot have overlarge density during transportation, the limbs are complete, and the whole process is operated with water;
4) feeding the feed: 1 bolting silk cloth table with the length of 1-2.5 m, the width of 0.8-1.5 m and the height of 0.8-1.2 m is arranged every 8-10 m in the circular ditch, the material table is fixed in the circular ditch, the feed residual situation on the material table is checked every day and night, brand compound feed with the protein content of 35-42% is fed, the feed is guaranteed to be fresh, the daily feeding amount comprehensively considers that the water temperature, the weather and the ingestion rate are about 4-10% of the total weight of the shrimps, the feed with high protein is fed when the body length of the shrimp seedlings is less than or equal to 3cm in the initial stage of seedling release, and the feed with relatively low protein is fed in the middle stage and the later stage. Feeding for 2-3 times, generally twice at 6-9 am and 17-19 pm, wherein the feeding proportion of the two times is 3-4: 6-7 of the total amount of days, the residual amount of the feed at a feed table is checked at night 22, and if the residual amount is less or no residual supplement feeding for 1 time, the supplement feeding proportion accounts for 10-15% of the total amount of days; the time is adjusted according to seasons and climates when the concrete implementation is carried out;
5) water quality management: keeping the pH value of the pond water to be 7.0-8.0, the transparency to be 17-25 cm and the dissolved oxygen to be more than 5 mg/L; changing water once every 10-15 days for 4-6 months, wherein the water changing amount is 0.1-0.2 m of water level each time, starting the aerator for 6-10 hours in the middle of the night in continuous rainy days, and splashing the EM preparation once every 10-15 days and supplementing calcium for 1 time;
6) harvesting the first crop of shrimps: beginning to catch big and leave small in the last ten days of the month 4, and clearing the pond in the last ten days of the month 5;
7) preparing a pond opening: after clearing the pond, every 667m2Applying 100-150 kg of decomposed manure and ploughingAfter the raking is carried out evenly, the water is soaked in water, and the water level of a shallow water area is kept between 0.1 and 0.2 m. Removing excessive waterweeds in the annular ditch;
8) planting gorgon fruit: digging holes and fixing the vertical rods in shallow water areas with the plant spacing of 2.0-2.2 m and the row spacing of 2.0-2.2 m at the bottom of 5 months, wherein each 667m of shallow water areas are used for planting2Planting 120-125 plants; compared with the conventional gordon euryale seed planting, the planting time is 10-15 days later, and the gordon euryale seed seedlings are made of the early-maturing peruvian gordon euryale seeds with high survival rate; in the stage, the gordon euryale seeds are planted to damage the freshwater shrimps, so that the freshwater shrimps are not stocked in the stage;
9) field management: water level: keeping the water level of a shallow water area at 0.1-0.3 m at the initial stage of planting, keeping the water level of the shallow water area at the middle stage of 0.4-0.6 m, and keeping the picking period of 0.3-0.4 m; secondly, seedling supplementing: after planting, 7-10 days of seedling supplement, and removing weeds in the shallow water area and redundant waterweeds in the deep water area; ③ topdressing: regularly patrolling the pond and topdressing, and topdressing for the first time 15-20 days after field planting, wherein each 667m2Applying 12-15 kg of compound fertilizer; topdressing for the second time at the end of 7 months, each 667m2Applying 10-12 kg of compound fertilizer; water quality: starting an aerator at noon and early morning every 7-9 months, keeping the transparency of the water body at 20-30 cm, and keeping the others at 5); feeding: same as 4); sixthly, disease control: mainly preventing, mixing allicin for 1 time every 20 days, and using chlorine dioxide for 1 time every month;
10) placing the second batch of shrimp fries: 7 months later, the survival rate of the released seedlings is the highest, and each 667m2Putting 2.8-3.5 thousands of healthy active shrimp seedlings with the specification of 1800-2500 tails/kg, wherein the temperature difference is less than or equal to 2 ℃ during seedling putting; after seedling placement, 10-15 days, each 667m2Putting 120 flowers and silver carps with the specification of 200-250 g;
11) picking gorgon fruit: and (4) starting manual harvesting at the bottom of 8 months, wherein the harvesting interval is 5-7 days, and the harvesting is continued until the bottom of 10 months.
12) Harvesting the second batch of freshwater shrimps: beginning to capture in the middle of 9 months, and capturing and reserving the pond as small as 12 months.
13) Economic benefits are as follows: the freshwater shrimp of each specification of the annual output per mu is 70-90 kg, the average is 80 yuan/kg, the dried gorgon fruit is harvested by 25 kg/mu and 160 yuan/kg, the costs of shrimp seedlings, feed, rents, hydropower, manpower, gorgon fruit seedlings, fertilizer and the like are deducted, the benefit per mu can reach 8800-9500 yuan, which is higher than the benefit of singly cultivating the freshwater shrimp or singly cultivating the gorgon fruit, the use of the fertilizer and the pesticide is reduced, and the ecological benefit is obvious.
Claims (3)
1. A method for culturing two-season freshwater shrimps in a gordon euryale pond is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps:
1) pond: arranging a deep water area and a shallow water area, wherein the deep water area is used for stocking freshwater shrimps and supporting aquatic organisms, and the shallow water area is used for planting gordon euryale seeds;
2) stocking the first batch of freshwater shrimps: in the early 3 months, when the water temperature is higher than 10 ℃, each 667m in deep water area2Putting 1.5-2.5 ten thousand healthy and active freshwater shrimp seeds with the specification of 900-1500/kg, and carrying out water operation when the temperature difference between the inside and the outside is less than or equal to 3 ℃ during seedling putting; then feeding is carried out;
3) harvesting the first crop of shrimps: beginning to catch big and leave small in the last ten days of the month 4, and clearing the pond in the last ten days of the month 5;
4) planting gorgon fruit: digging holes and fixing the vertical rods in shallow water areas with the plant spacing of 2.0-2.2 m and the row spacing of 2.0-2.2 m at the bottom of 5 months, wherein each 667m of shallow water areas are used for planting2Planting 120-125 plants; then carrying out planting management;
5) placing the second batch of shrimp fries: 7 months, every 667m2Putting 2.8-3.5 thousands of healthy active shrimp seedlings with the specification of 1800-2500 tails/kg, wherein the temperature difference is less than or equal to 2 ℃ during seedling putting; after seedling placement, 10-15 days, each 667m2Putting 120 flowers and silver carps with the specification of 200-250 g;
6) picking gorgon fruit: manually harvesting at the bottom of 8 months, wherein the harvesting interval is 5-7 days, and the harvesting is continued until the bottom of 10 months;
7) harvesting the second batch of freshwater shrimps: beginning to capture in the middle of 9 months, and capturing and reserving the pond as small as 12 months.
2. The method for culturing the two-season freshwater shrimps on the gordon euryale pond according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the pond is cleaned and fertilized in the late 2 months before the first-crop stocking of the freshwater shrimps, and aquatic weeds are planted in the circular ditches.
3. The method for culturing the two-season freshwater shrimps on the gordon euryale pond according to claim 1, wherein the fishing specification of the shrimps in the step 3) and the step 7) is more than 8 cm.
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| CN101869087A (en) * | 2010-07-09 | 2010-10-27 | 湖州师范学院 | Environmentally-friendly pond culture method for freshwater shrimps |
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| CN105746391A (en) * | 2016-02-26 | 2016-07-13 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Freshwater shrimp-water chestnut symbiosis cultivation mode |
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| CN107549071A (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2018-01-09 | 无为县姚沟镇安江水产养殖家庭农场 | A kind of Gorgon fruit fruit and the method for lobster mixed breed |
| CN110959470A (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-04-07 | 江苏省农业科学院宿迁农科所 | Culture method for intercropping largemouth black bass by using gorgon fruit |
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2020
- 2020-12-16 CN CN202011487356.4A patent/CN112586416A/en active Pending
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| CN101869087A (en) * | 2010-07-09 | 2010-10-27 | 湖州师范学院 | Environmentally-friendly pond culture method for freshwater shrimps |
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| CN107549071A (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2018-01-09 | 无为县姚沟镇安江水产养殖家庭农场 | A kind of Gorgon fruit fruit and the method for lobster mixed breed |
| CN110959470A (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-04-07 | 江苏省农业科学院宿迁农科所 | Culture method for intercropping largemouth black bass by using gorgon fruit |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| 占家智 等: "天长市龙虾与芡实轮作试验", 《科学种养》 * |
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