CN113349122B - Pond polyculture high-yield method for red shell clams and palaemon carinicauda - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for mixedly culturing red clams and palaemon carinicauda in a pond with high yield. The method comprises the following steps: digging a deep water tank in the middle of the pond, and normally storing water in the pond by using platforms around the deep water tank; performing water quality maintenance after disinfection, and performing initial fertilizer water; 3 months to finish sowing the clam fries with red shell color; the method mainly comprises the steps of starting to fertilize water in the last ten days of 5 months, and putting the parent shrimps with the palaemon carinicauda in the last ten days of 5 months to the last ten days of 6 months; the first batch of shrimp larvae in the current year are mainly used for making the culture water body stably take a yellow green or yellow brown color by adjusting the algae phase of the water body before the shrimp larvae grow to 2.5cm, and the shrimp larvae start to feed pellet feed after growing to 2.5 cm-3 cm, so that the feeding is enhanced for 9-10 months. According to the method, the pond stocking sequence and time of clams and palaemon carinicauda are set, and win-win of clams and palaemon carinicauda cultivation is achieved by means of ecological niche complementation, close matching among varieties and cultivation management operation of key nodes, so that the aim of high yield is achieved.

Description

Pond polyculture high-yield method for red shell clams and palaemon carinicauda

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a method for mixedly culturing red-shell clams and palaemon carinicauda in a pond to achieve high yield.

Background

The scale of artificial cultivation of the palaemon carinicauda (Exopalaemon carinicauda Holthuis) in coastal areas of China exceeds 30 mu, the palaemon carinicauda has become a main characteristic variety of pond cultivation in coastal beach areas, important economic shrimps for pond cultivation in Jiangsu, zhejiang and other provinces, and the eastern mode of mixed cultivation of the palaemon carinicauda and portunus trituberculatus is most common. The mixed cultivation of the palaemon carinicauda and the portunus trituberculatus has been vigorous for over twenty years since nineties of the last century, the average acre yield of the palaemon carinicauda is 480 jin from the best period, the average acre yield of the portunus trituberculatus is 50 jin, the average acre yield of the portunus trituberculatus is 250 jin and 20 jin or less, and the high input and high output of the mode has accumulated a lot of defects for industrial development. For example, in order to pursue high yield, the investment of excessive pellet feed, especially frozen fresh feed, causes eutrophication of the aquaculture water, and N, P index is high. With the continuous and strengthened green development of aquaculture in China, related policy and regulations are continuously put out, and red lines are touched by some unreasonable operations. Furthermore, although dredging of the pond is emphasized, the more the pond is dug, the nodes of the pond lease are driven to climb by high income, no redundant place is used for burying sludge at the bottom of the pond, and a lot of reverse flow is brought into the pond, so that targeted pathogenic bacteria are continuously enriched at the bottom of the pond, diseases are frequently generated in recent years, and the cultivation yield is obviously reduced. The yield of the nearly two-year shrimp and crab is low, but the insufficient yield of the market results in continuously high market price, and the high price attracts the farmers to culture blindly, so that the whole palaemon carinicauda industry is in vicious circle. The reasons for this are mainly the following: 1. the dead time of the cultivation mode is self-sealing, and the pond bearing capacity is poor and difficult to recover due to long-term cultivation. 2. The high investment of the culture mode causes eutrophication of the culture water body, and further aggravates the deterioration of the bearing capacity of the pond and the frequent occurrence of diseases. 3. Under the condition that farmers catch the points and benefit by benefit, the aim can be achieved by multi-variety mixed culture with the idea of improving unit output, but how to perfectly match varieties puzzles farmers, and the problem is often caused. 4. Germplasm degradation makes cultivation benefits worse and better varieties suitable for pond cultivation are urgently needed. Therefore, local authorities and important fishery enterprises are increasingly urgent to upgrade industry transformation.

Clam (Meretrix meretrix) is praised as the first fresh in the world, is one of the most important economic shellfish in China, and is a popular seafood in the international markets such as Japanese and Korean and in domestic marketing. In recent years, in ecological reconstruction, energy conservation and emission reduction of ponds, fresh water has better N, P reduction and water quality purification effects due to abundant emergent aquatic plants and hydroponic vegetable varieties, and seawater is largely lack of corresponding plant varieties, but is rich in shellfish varieties, and water quality purification can be realized through N, P-algae-shellfish ways, so that shellfish has a strong biological filtration effect and is widely applied to seawater ponds.

At present, the common shellfish can be cultured to be on the market only by throwing the shellfish into the pond for two to three years (Zhang Xingguo, etc., 2006; zheng Qingsong, 2010), and some shellfish can be even longer, so that links of the white back shrimp on the market, pond cleaning, etc., are influenced, and the whole culture benefit is influenced to a certain extent. In the prior art, although the ecological polyculture method of the swimming crabs and the palaemon carinicauda (patent number ZL 201410501365.2) and the ecological polyculture method of the main-cultured sepia esculenta in the pond (patent number ZL 201510876530.7) refer to the effect of polyculture of multiple varieties of the palaemon carinicauda and the like, the actual yield is not given, and the evaluation cannot be performed. The yield per mu of the cultured palaemon carinicauda reported by Dong Jianbo (2016) and Liu Junjie (2019) is 422 jin and 362 jin, which already represent the best production level of the palaemon carinicauda in recent years. Therefore, in order to maintain high and stable yield of the palaemon carinicauda cultivation, the cultivation mode and the variety need to be innovated, and a variety which is mutually and win-win with the palaemon carinicauda needs to be matched again for mixed cultivation, so that cultivation cost of high pond rentals, high artificial wages and the like is reduced, and stable and high yield and high harvest are obtained.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for mixedly culturing red-shell clams and palaemon carinicauda in a pond with high yield, so as to overcome the defects of low palaemon carinicauda culture yield, high culture cost and the like in the prior art.

The invention provides a method for mixedly culturing red clams and palaemon carinicauda in a pond with high yield, which comprises the following steps:

(1) The method comprises the steps of setting a mixing pond, wherein the periphery of the mixing pond is provided with an upper stage platform and a lower stage platform which are different in depth and are continuous, and a deep water tank is arranged in the middle of the mixing pond;

(2) After disinfection, photosynthetic bacteria are used for maintaining water quality, and bio-organic fertilizer is used for primary fertilizer water;

(3) Before and after sowing the red shell clam seeds, lifting the pond water depth above the platform, keeping the fertility stable, and finishing sowing the red shell clam seeds in 3 months, wherein the seedlings are in a continuous area of a pond slope and the platform, the specification of the red shell clam seeds is 2-8 mm, and the sowing density is 30-40 ten thousand grains/mu;

(4) The method comprises the steps of starting to fertilize water in the first ten days of 5 months, enabling the transparency of a water body to be 40-50 cm 7 days before putting egg-holding parent shrimps, putting the back white parent shrimps in the first ten days of 5 months to 6 months, finishing the process before the noon festival at the latest, and putting the egg-holding parent shrimps according to 2-3 jin per mu;

(5) The first batch of shrimp larvae in the current year stably presents yellow green or yellow brown color before 2.5cm, so that natural biological baits such as artemia and cladocera which can be ingested by the palaemon carinicauda larvae are cultivated, and the step is the key of the cultivation of the palaemon carinicauda larvae, and no additional feeding of shrimp feed is needed; feeding granular feed after the shrimp larvae grow to 2.5 cm-3 cm, feeding the granular feed at the position where the clams are not sown on the platform at 5-8 and 16-18 days (arranging a feeding table to determine feeding amount, wherein the feeding amount is gradually increased along with the growth of the palaemon carinicauda, judging whether the feeding amount is the rest amount of the feed on the feeding table, normally, the screen window surface at the bottom of the feeding table is frequently burnt or dirty, or the feeding is too much, otherwise, the feeding is insufficient if the screen window surface is too clean), growing into shrimps after the first batch of shrimp larvae is 70 days, namely, carrying out egg holding to generate second batch of shrimp larvae, then carrying out reinforced feeding on the granular feed, wherein the reinforced feeding time is 9-10 months, and a proper amount of biological feed is added in the middle and later stages;

(6) At the end of 10 months, the specification of the palaemon carinicauda reaches 220-230 heads/jin, and the palaemon carinicauda and clams can be caught and marketed, and then the staggered catching and marketing of the palaemon carinicauda and clams is completed.

Preferably, in the method, the setting a mixing pond is: the three-stage structure of the platform, the platform and the water tank is sequentially arranged on the platform around the pond from top to bottom, after the pond normally stores water, the water depth of the upper platform is 40-60 cm, a deep water tank is dug in the middle of the pond, the water depth of the deep water tank is 3-4 m, and the water depth of the pond Bian Xiepo is 35-55 degrees.

Preferably, in the method, the area of the pond in the step (1) is 6-10 mu, a water inlet and outlet system is arranged in the pond, 1 aerator is arranged, and after feeding, the aerator is started for 1-2 hours to accelerate the feeding speed of the palaemon carinicauda; the sudden increase of shrimps in the material platform or the sudden increase of shrimps on the bank indicates that the water body is lack of oxygen, and oxygenation needs to be started.

Preferably, in the above method, the width of the deep water tank in the step (1) is 2-2.5 m.

Preferably, in the method, the pond in the step (1) is ploughed once a year, and dredging and pond finishing are carried out once in 2-3 years.

Preferably, in the above method, the sterilizing in step (2) is: sprinkling in a quicklime full pool, sterilizing and removing harm.

Preferably, in the above method, the water quality maintenance after the sterilization in step (2) is performed by using photosynthetic bacteria: after 15 days of disinfection, the water inlet is tied up with a 100-mesh net bag to enter seawater to 80-90 cm deep, and photosynthetic bacteria are used for water quality maintenance.

Preferably, in the method, before and after sowing the clam fries with red shell color in the step (3), lifting the pond water depth above the platform is: 7 days before sowing the clam fries with red shell color, lifting the pond water to 40cm above the platform, gradually lifting the pond water to 60cm after sowing, and keeping the water body with slightly fatness with transparency larger than 60cm as the main part and the fatness stable.

Preferably, in the method, the seedlings in the step (3) are in a continuous area of a pond slope and a platform: the seedlings are in a continuous area of 0.6-1.2 m of pond slope and 3-4 m of upper platform.

Preferably, in the above method, the method for applying the fertilizer water in the step (4) is as follows: grinding soybeans, ensuring freshness, soaking the soybeans for 20-30 hours before grinding, filtering out bean dregs after grinding, and sprinkling 0.5-1 kg per mu.

Preferably, in the method, the parent back-tail shrimp put in step (4) is selected to be cultured back-tail shrimp parent shrimps with a pond size of less than 1 jin of 180 heads in the last season or sea-catching back-tail shrimp parent shrimps with good vitality and a size of less than 1 jin of 150 heads.

Preferably, in the above method, the stabilizing the aquatic water body in the step (5) to be yellowish green or yellowish brown is by adjusting the algae phase of the aquatic water body.

Preferably, in the above method, the pellet feed in the step (5) comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10-12% of fish meal, 14-20% of bean pulp, 10-12% of peanut pulp, 15-20% of wheat, 8-10% of rapeseed meal, 2-3% of beer yeast, 1-2% of monocalcium phosphate, 2-5% of fish oil, 1-3% of vegetable oil, 2-5% of shrimp shell meal, 8-10% of secondary meal, 1-3% of zeolite powder, 1-2% of polyminerals and 0.5-1% of multidimensional.

Preferably, in the above method, the biological bait added in the step (5) includes shrimp, parchment, and the like.

Preferably, in the method, the growth condition of clams and the shelling and growth condition of palaemon carinicauda are observed regularly, and ponds and cultivation facilities are inspected regularly, wherein the good criterion for the growth condition of clams is that the white mouth of the shell is shiny.

The feeding time for strengthening in the step (5) is 9-10 months, the feeding of biological baits in the middle and later stages is a key period for grasping the increase of the yield, and a proper amount of biological baits such as shrimp and small trash fish are mixed into the pellet feed for strengthening feeding, and the feeding amount is gradually increased according to the feeding; the aerator is started 1-2 hours after feeding, so that the feeding speed of the palaemon carinicauda can be increased, and the quality of water is prevented from being damaged by excessive baits.

In the step (6), the palaemon carinicauda and the clams are caught in a staggered manner, and according to market conditions, the palaemon carinicauda and the clams can be caught respectively without mutual influence. The method for catching the palaemon carinicauda is a shrimp cage, the method for catching the clams is to put water down to 10-20 cm above an upper platform, and the clams are caught manually by a mesh screen.

The most suitable culture water level of the clams is 40-60 cm, and the clams are not well cultured in deep water; the water depth of the palaemon carinicauda is required, the water depth of the palaemon carinicauda is generally 2.5-3 m or even 4m, the water depth is large, the palaemon carinicauda is cultivated much more, and the yield is directly related. The culture pond is of a three-level structure, and the culture pond for palaemon carinicauda in the prior art is provided with a platform which is similar to the culture pond of the invention in structure, but the platform in the prior art has different and very deep functions, the normal water level is more than 1.5-2 meters (as h3 in figure 2), and the platform is mainly used as a feeding area and a foraging and activity area of shrimps and crabs, so that the culture pond is not beneficial to being used for culturing clams; the platform of the invention is only used as a place for culturing clams. Compared with the prior art, the invention changes the original secondary structure of the platform-water tank into the tertiary structure of the platform-water tank (shown in figure 2), and provides the suitable culture water level and transparency of clams for the first time, and the continuous 4-meter area of the slope and the platform is suitable for sowing clams.

Under the existing technique for culturing the palaemon carinicauda, the period from 3 months to 5 months after the year is generally a blank period for culturing the palaemon carinicauda, and most of the well-arranged ponds are not cultured in the blank period. Even in the mode of starting the polyculture of portunids and palaemon carinicauda, the portunids are put into the pond in the middle and late 5 months at the earliest, so that the pond has an idle period of more than 2 months. The clams bred from 7 to 8 months in one year in the local area to 2 months in the second year are generally less than 1cm, and the invention just utilizes the idle period of 2 months of the palaemon carinicauda pond to carry out large-scale cultivation, and the size of the clams grown to 5 months is about 1.5cm, so that the clams are ideal pond seeding cultivation specifications. Compared with the prior art, the invention firstly provides the culture sequence adopted by the mixed culture of clams and palaemon carinicauda in the pond and the respective proper seedling time.

The recognition that the culture water body is easy to eutrophic due to excessive feed feeding and ice fresh baits such as shrimp, small trash fish and the like in the palaemon carinicauda culture is very thick in water body color, has transparency of less than 20cm and is basically N, P excessive to cause algae big burst, clams are organisms specially growing with filter-feeding algae, a large amount of filter-feeding algae can be filtered, and the eutrophication of the water body can be controlled to a certain extent, so that the water body becomes clear is known. However, the clam fries below 1.5-2 cm cannot bear the eutrophic water body, but can not grow and even die, so that the clams below 1.5-2 cm need to be cleaned by water, that is, only when the clams above 2cm are cultivated, the clams and the palaemon carinicauda can be stored in the pond at the same time, the clams can filter algae, the water quality is purified, and the balance effect is achieved on the whole cultivation system. Compared with the prior art, the invention provides the method for raising the clam seedlings with clear water for the first time and raising the clam seedlings with fertilizer water; by means of the condition that the shrimp culture must fertilize water, the feed is used for the big clam seedlings of the Wei-me, and the problem that the feed supply is insufficient after 1.5-2 cm in the existing clam culture is solved.

The invention grasps several key points in the culture process of clams and palaemon carinicauda, and correctly carries out culture management, thereby realizing high yield. (1) The new strain of the red shell clams grows rapidly, the clams are put into the pond in advance, the seedlings can be put under the condition that the pond is well in the spring for 3 months generally, the clams can grow to 1-1.5 cm in 2 months before the parent shrimps with the eggs are put into the pond, the parent shrimps with the eggs can be selected at the beginning of 6 months at the bottom of 5 months, the period from the time when the shrimps grow to 2.5cm is mainly based on the water of fat (the algae in the water are greatly bred through soybean milk or biological preparation fat water), a large amount of bait organisms which can be used by the shrimps such as copepods, branch angles and the like are cultivated, no additional feeding is needed, a specific method of soybean milk fat water is provided, the effect is low in price, the effect is good, (4)9-10 months is the peak period of the growth of the second batch of shrimps with the back, and the adequate feeding in this period is the key to obtain high yield, and a judgment method of the feeding amount is provided. The prior art for culturing the palaemon carinicauda does not mention the specific practice of (3) and (4), because farmers generally do not find the rule of (3) and (4), and the high yield is difficult to realize by utilizing the rule. (5) The basis for judging the growth of clams is the white mouth of the shell belly, and (6) besides the conventional feed intake judgment of the rest feed of the feed table, the cleanliness of the screen window net is provided for judging.

Compared with the prior art, the invention can realize that clams and palaemon carinicauda can be cultured to the market specification in the same year, and can alternately come into the market in the same year according to market conditions, and the capturing operation is not mutually conflicting.

Advantageous effects

The invention improves the utilization rate of the pond, breeds clam fries in an idle period of 3-5 months in the pond, and carries out mixed culture of clams and palaemon carinicauda in 6-12 months, wherein the water quality is purified by the water filtering effect of clams during mixed culture, thus realizing the balance of the fertility of the culture water body, and promoting the growth of large-size clams and palaemon carinicauda young shrimps in the stage. The invention realizes win-win of clam and palaemon carinicauda cultivation through the ecological niche complementation, close collocation among varieties and cultivation management operation of key nodes, thereby achieving the purpose of high yield.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of a pond according to the present invention, wherein w1 is a slope seedling width, w2 is a platform seedling width, h1 is an upper platform water depth, h2 is a deep water tank water depth, and θ is a slope angle.

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the "platform-flume" tertiary structure of the pond of the present invention in comparison to the "platform-flume" secondary structure of prior art ponds, where h1 is the upper platform water depth and h3 is the platform water depth.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a shrimp feed table of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a clam capture tool of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples. It is to be understood that these examples are illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it is understood that various changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teachings of the present invention, and such equivalents are intended to fall within the scope of the claims appended hereto.

Example 1

The method for culturing clams and palaemon carinicauda in a pond comprises the following steps:

1. preparing an aquaculture pond: dredging and reforming a pond with 8 mu, wherein the pond Bian Xiepo is about 45 degrees, four sides are provided with an upper platform and a lower platform, the upper platform is 4m wide, the lower platform is 4-6 m wide, a middle deep water tank is provided with a water inlet and drainage system, and a raising machine 1 is provided; after the pond normally stores water, the water depth of the upper platform is 60cm, the water depth of the lower platform is 3m, and the water depth of the deep water tank is 4m;

2. spraying quicklime in a full pool, sterilizing for 15 days, then, tying a 100-mesh net bag at a water inlet to enter seawater until the water depth is 80-90 cm, performing water quality maintenance by using photosynthetic bacteria, performing initial fertilizer water by using bio-organic fertilizer, and culturing basic biological baits;

3. raising the pond water level to 40cm above an upper platform for 3 months and 10 days, sowing 3.2mm red shell clam fries cultivated by Jiangsu province marine aquatic product research institute in a continuous range with the width of 4 meters in total of 1 meter of pond slope and 3 meters of upper platform according to the density of 30 ten thousand grains/mu for 3 months and 15 days, gradually raising the pond water level to 60cm after sowing, wherein the transparency of water is greater than 60cm and the water is slightly rich in 1 month to 2 months later; clear water must be kept before clam seedlings grow to 1-1.5 cm, namely the transparency of the water body is more than 60 cm;

4. the clams grow to more than 1cm after 5 months and 20 days, the utilization rate of the fertilizer water is rapidly increased, and at the moment, the fertilizer water starts to be fertilized by spraying biological agents such as fertilizer water treasures or soybean milk (the fertilizer water treasures are sprayed according to the specification of manufacturers, the soybean milk is sprayed according to 0.5-1 kg per mu generally), so that the transparency of the water body is gradually smaller than 50cm, but the transparency is not lower than 30cm. The main point of the whole pond in the cultivation process is on shrimp cultivation, clams only need to check the growth condition regularly, and the good judgment standard of growth is that the white mouth of the shell belly is shiny;

5. after the water and fertilizer are put in, 18 jin of parent shrimps with eggs are put in the water for 5 months and 28 days. The parent shrimps can be selected from the sea or an aquaculture pond, and the standard of the parent shrimps is good activity, healthy and sterile, and the head size is as large as possible, and is preferably within 180 jin of head;

6. shrimp larvae were visible after one week, the first shrimp larvae in the year. Mainly regulating algae phase of the water body before the first batch of shrimp larvae grow to 2.5cm to ensure that the water body is stable green or yellow-green, so that natural biological baits for culturing the juvenile palaemon carinicauda are enough for the growth of the juvenile shrimps, and feeding shrimp feed is not needed;

7. feeding the young shrimps with 2.5-3 cm of granulated feed, wherein the granulated feed comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 12% of fish meal, 18% of bean pulp, 12% of peanut meal, 20% of wheat, 10% of rapeseed meal, 3% of brewer's yeast, 1.5% of monocalcium phosphate, 5% of fish oil, 2% of vegetable oil, 3% of shrimp shell meal, 10% of secondary meal, 2% of zeolite powder, 1% of polyminerals and 0.5% of multi-vitamins, feeding feed at the position where clams are not sown on a platform at 5-8 and 16-18 times per day, and setting a feed table to determine feeding amount; the first batch of shrimp seedlings grow into adult shrimps after 70 days, eggs can be held to generate a second batch of shrimp seedlings, and then feeding is enhanced; different from the first batch of young shrimps, the young shrimps are all in the important feeding period, especially 9-10 months, and are fed once in dusk, and a proper amount of biological baits such as lobsters, small trash fishes and the like are mixed in pellet feed for feeding, so that the yield of the current year can be directly improved by sufficient feeding, the resistance of the shrimps is enhanced, and the existence amount of weak and sub-healthy zombie shrimps is greatly reduced; oxygenation is carried out for 1 to 2 hours during feeding;

8. the palaemon carinicauda can be gradually marketed after reaching 220-230 jin in middle and late 10 months, and farms can select to continue to breed and aim at the markets of the primordial denier and the spring festival. The original denier starts to be marketed and sold by palaemon carinicauda and clam. The method comprises the steps of adopting a staggered mode to catch the exopalaemon carinicauda and the clams, adopting a shrimp cage to catch the exopalaemon carinicauda in 12 months and 28 days, adopting a net pulling mode to catch the exopalaemon carinicauda in 1 month and 3 days, adopting a net pulling mode to catch the exopalaemon carinicauda in 1 month and 8-9 days, adopting a net pulling mode to catch the clams in 2 months and 18 days, and adopting the net pulling mode to take all exopalaemon carinicauda out for sale.

9. Cultivation results and benefits

The mixed culture of clams and palaemon carinicauda is carried out on the basis of the culture of palaemon carinicauda, the culture cost is consistent with the traditional cost, and the total cost is calculated to be 32000 yuan per mu according to 4000 yuan which is commonly accepted, so that the mu benefit is calculated to be 11900 yuan, and good economic benefit is obtained.

Comparative example 1

A certain farmer carries out mixed cultivation of the portunids and the exopalaemon carinicauda according to the prior art, namely, the mode commonly adopted in the current exopalaemon carinicauda cultivation, namely, the mode of opening east.

Cleaning a pond of 10 mu, and then feeding water, and fertilizing and watering by adopting farmyard manure after fermentation and disinfection; the water body is yellow brown or yellow green before stocking the shrimps and crabs, and the transparency is below 40 cm. The swimming crab seedlings are generally put in the last ten days of 5 months, the juvenile crabs in stage III of the seedlings cultivated in the soil pool are selected, and 1-1.5 kg of swimming crab seedlings are put in each mu; and feeding parent shrimps with egg-holding back-bone shrimps into the feed according to 1-1.5 jin of the feed per mu in middle and late 5 months. The male crabs are caught and removed in the middle of the last ten days of 6 months to 7 months in a fishing mode. The lobster with the back tail is continuously caught and marketed for 10 months and 1 day, and continuously reaches the original denier. The portunids are caught and put on the market before the spring festival. The average selling price of the palaemon carinicauda in the current year is 22 yuan, the per mu yield is 360 jin (specification is 220-230 heads/jin), and the total is 7920 yuan; average price of swimming crabs is 120 yuan, per mu yield is 30 jin, and total weight is 3600 yuan; the per mu benefit is measured to be 7520 yuan based on 4000 yuan per mu of the accepted cost price. Compared with the invention, the technical benefit is lower by 4380 yuan.

Comparative example 2

A certain farmer B carries out mixed cultivation of swimming crabs and palaemon carinicauda in a mode of opening east according to comparative example 1, and the cultivation area is 42 mu and 5 ponds. The second farmer encounters portunids with reduced yield as most farmers, almost no grains are harvested, only average acre yield of palaemon carinicauda is 280 jin, average selling price is 24 yuan (specification is 200-210 heads/jin), total 6720 yuan, cost is reduced by 4000 yuan per acre, and acre benefit is 2720 yuan.

Comparative example 3

Dong Jianbo 2008-2014 in the pond with different areas of 6 ports and 5-12 mu of open yellow sea beach limited company, respectively adopts a new water zero exchange mode (namely, a mode of adjusting and controlling water in a large row in the traditional cultivation method is changed into a cultivation mode of adding water and not changing water) to carry out ecological, healthy and efficient polyculture on the palaemon carinicauda and the portunus trituberculatus. The result shows that the average acre yield of the palaemon carinicauda in the demonstration cultivation area is 422 jin, the average acre yield of the portunids is 78 jin, the acre benefit is 4428 yuan, and the individual specification and the yield are obviously higher than those of the traditional cultivation mode.

Comparative example 4

In Zheng Qingsong, in the five-gate pond culture base of Yu-ring county, the total of 3-35 mu ponds are used for culturing clams, palaemon carinicauda and swimming crabs. The clams are cultivated in the clam field with 60 percent of the pond area, the other 40 percent is used for cultivating portunids in the ditch, the clam field and the ditch are blocked by a proper mesh, and palaemon carinicauda is cultivated in the whole pond. 400 clams/kg of seedlings are put in according to 4-4.2 ten thousand grains/mu in spring, 2 ten thousand/kg of natural wild seedlings of portunid are put in according to 0.085 kg/mu, and the parent shrimps with eggs are put in according to 1.4 jin/mu in 5 months. By two-year cultivation, 6 ten thousand kilograms of clams (the specification of the clams reaches 30 grains/kilogram), 1950 kilograms of portunids and 1300 kilograms of palaemon carinicauda are finally harvested, and the average acre yield of the clams, the palaemon carinicauda and the portunids is 1142 jin, 24 jin and 37.2 jin respectively, and the acre benefit is 5810 yuan.

Compared with the yield of the prior art, the invention is shown in the table 1:

TABLE 1 comparison of yield of the invention with the prior art

Therefore, the invention can obtain higher yield of clams and palaemon carinicauda, and has best cultivation mu benefit.

Claims (10)

1. A method for mixedly culturing red clams and palaemon carinicauda in a pond with high yield comprises the following steps:

(1) The method comprises the steps of setting a mixing pond, wherein the periphery of the mixing pond is provided with an upper stage platform and a lower stage platform which are different in depth and are continuous, and a deep water tank is arranged in the middle of the mixing pond;

(2) After disinfection, photosynthetic bacteria are used for maintaining water quality, and bio-organic fertilizer is used for primary fertilizer water;

(3) Before and after sowing the red shell clam seeds, lifting the pond water depth above an upper platform, keeping the fertility stable, and finishing sowing the red shell clam seeds in 3 months, wherein the seedlings are in a continuous area of a pond slope and the upper platform, the specification of the red shell clam seeds is 2-8 mm, and the sowing density is 30-40 ten thousand grains/mu;

(4) The method comprises the steps of starting to fertilize water in the first ten days of 5 months, enabling the transparency of water to be 40-50 cm 7 days before the parent shrimps with eggs are put in, putting the parent shrimps with the back bones in the first ten days of 5 months to 6 months, and putting the parent shrimps with eggs according to 2-3 jin per mu;

(5) The first batch of shrimp seedlings stably appear yellowish green or yellowish brown in the culture water body before growing to 2.5cm, and no feeding is needed; feeding granular feed after the shrimp larvae grow to 2.5 cm-3 cm, feeding the granular feed at the position of the platform where clam larvae are not sown at 5-8 and 16-18 times each day, growing into shrimps after 70 days of the first batch of shrimp larvae, namely, carrying out egg-holding to generate second batch of shrimp larvae, and then feeding the granular feed in a reinforcing way, wherein the reinforcing feeding time is 9-10 months, and feeding biological feed is added in the middle and later stages;

(6) At the end of 10 months, the specification of the palaemon carinicauda reaches 220-230 heads/jin, the palaemon carinicauda can be caught and marketed, and then the staggered catching of the palaemon carinicauda and clams is completed.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step (1) of providing a mixing pond comprises: the pond is provided with a platform surrounding the pond, a platform-water tank three-level structure is sequentially arranged from top to bottom, a deep water tank is opened in the middle of the pond, an upper two-level platform and a lower two-level platform are arranged around the pond, after the pond normally stores water, the water depth of the upper platform is 40-60 cm, the water depth of the deep water tank is 3-4 m, and the pond Bian Xiepo-55 degrees.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step (2) of sterilizing the substrate using photosynthetic bacteria comprises: after 15 days of disinfection, the water inlet is tied up with a 100-mesh net bag to enter seawater to 80-90 cm deep, and photosynthetic bacteria are used for water quality maintenance.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the raising the pond water depth above the platform before and after sowing the clam fries in red shell in step (3) is: 7 days before sowing the clam fries with red shell color, lifting the pond water depth to 40cm above the upper platform, gradually lifting the pond water depth to 60cm after sowing, and keeping the water body mainly with the fertility with transparency more than 60cm and the fertility stable.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the seedlings in step (3) are in successive areas of the pond slope and platform: the seedlings are in a continuous area of 0.6-1.2 m of pond slope and 3-4 m of upper platform.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method of the fertilizer water in the step (4) is as follows: grinding soybeans, ensuring freshness, soaking the soybeans for 20-30 hours before grinding, filtering out bean dregs after grinding, and sprinkling 0.5-1 kg per mu.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the parent palaemon carinicauda put in step (4) is selected from the cultured parent palaemon carinicauda with a pond size of less than 1 jin and 180 up to the last season or the sea-caught parent palaemon carinicauda with a well-living size of less than 1 jin and 150 up to the last season.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the stabilizing of the aquaculture water in step (5) to a yellowish green or yellowish brown color is by adjusting the algae phase of the water.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the pellet feed in step (5) comprises the following components in weight percent: 10-12% of fish meal, 14-20% of bean pulp, 10-12% of peanut pulp, 15-20% of wheat, 8-10% of rapeseed meal, 2-3% of beer yeast, 1-2% of monocalcium phosphate, 2-5% of fish oil, 1-3% of vegetable oil, 2-5% of shrimp shell meal, 8-10% of secondary meal, 1-3% of zeolite powder, 1-2% of polyminerals and 0.5-1% of multidimensional.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the growth of clams and the shelling and growth of palaemon carinicauda are observed periodically, and the criterion for good growth of clams is the brightening of the white mouth of the shell rim; the judging method for the good shelling and growth conditions of the palaemon carinicauda is to set a material table to observe the feeding condition, and the judging standard is that the screen window surface at the bottom of the material table is frequently burnt or is very dirty to indicate too much feeding, otherwise too clean is insufficient feeding.

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