CN116569885A - Method for cultivating hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco yellow you No. 2 with fast growth, low protein, low fish meal feed utilization rate and high yield - Google Patents
Method for cultivating hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco yellow you No. 2 with fast growth, low protein, low fish meal feed utilization rate and high yield Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/027—New breeds of vertebrates
- A01K67/0275—Genetically modified vertebrates, e.g. transgenic
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for cultivating hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco yellow you No. 2 with fast growth, low protein and high feed utilization rate of fish meal, which comprises the steps of firstly carrying out male induction on offspring of female parent pelteobagrus fulvidraco yellow you No. 1 of a new variety to produce XX pseudo-male fish, and producing XX full female fish based on the male fish; then breeding in the whole female pelteobagrus fulvidraco population with two targets of growth and low protein and low fish meal utilization rate, and repeatedly breeding the two characters for multiple generations to serve as female parent of pelteobagrus fulvidraco No. 2; then, taking the offspring of the pelteobagrus vachelli shoal body as a basic group, and breeding with the growth as a target at 12 months of age, and repeatedly breeding for multiple generations to serve as the male parent of the pelteobagrus vachelli No. 2; and finally, using the bred pelteobagrus fulvidraco as a female parent and the bred pelteobagrus vachelli as a male parent to produce yellow you No. 2. The Huangyou No. 2 cultured by the method can greatly save the culture cost, reduce the metabolic burden of fish bodies and reduce the negative influence of feed feeding on water quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fish genetic breeding and new germplasm creation, in particular to a method for cultivating hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco yellow you No. 2 with fast growth, low protein and high utilization rate of low fish meal feed.
Background
The pelteobagrus fulvidraco has no small thorn, fresh and tender meat quality and moderate price, is a famous fish which can earn money by farmers, is frequently promoted by restaurants and is loved to eat by common people, the national yield of 2021 is approximately 59 ten thousand tons, the cultivation covers 28 provinces nationally, the yield value of the cultivation end exceeds 100 hundred million yuan, and the yield value exceeds 500 hundred million yuan in the industries of circulation, processing, catering, cultural tourism and the like, thereby being a special freshwater fish with the national consumption trend. The pelteobagrus fulvidraco breeding industry has experienced three generations of breed (lines) of common pelteobagrus fulvidraco, full-male pelteobagrus fulvidraco and hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco. The new variety of the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco No. 1 cultivated at present has the advantages of high growth speed, transportation resistance, high resistance and the like, and after being inspected by the country in 2018, the new variety of the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco is rapidly popularized to the main cultivation provinces of the national pelteobagrus fulvidraco, so that the popularization of the national hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco cultivation is promoted, and the further development of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco cultivation industry is also promoted.
Along with the overall rise of the world aquaculture industry, fish meal is a scarce resource all the time in the future, and feed raw materials including fish meal rise, so that huge impact is caused to the aquaculture industry in China, the cost of more cultured varieties in 2022 is higher than or equal to the mouth price of a pond, and the cost or income of more farmers is less. The feed cost is usually the main cost input in aquaculture, and generally accounts for about 70% of the total aquaculture cost. In the field of feed research, searching for fish meal replacement is a very popular research direction in the past 20 years, but the fish meal replacement can be effectively replaced, the yield is guaranteed, and the price of the fish meal replacement is stable. Therefore, from the aspect of genetic breeding, breeding of varieties with better low-protein low-fish meal feed utilization rate characters in a continuous breeding mode is an urgent need for sustainable development of the world aquaculture industry. Pelteobagrus fulvidraco is omnivorus, the feed protein requirement is about 40%, the feed has better utilization rate of vegetable protein, but the protein content of the feed for the pelteobagrus fulvidraco is 42% or more nationally, and more companies also push out fast food with 45% protein. The high-protein horizontal feed exceeding the requirements of pelteobagrus fulvidraco not only increases the culture cost and the metabolic burden of the fish body, but also brings negative influence on the water quality condition of the culture water body, thereby influencing the growth and survival of the fish body. Therefore, how to breed new pelteobagrus fulvidraco varieties with low protein and low fish meal feed utilization rate is a problem which needs to be solved urgently for the sustainable development of pelteobagrus fulvidraco industry and world fishery.
In addition, the weight of the male fish of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco is 2 times that of the female fish (figure 1), the difference of the weights of the male and female fish in the mixed sex population causes great difficulty in female parent breeding, if the female parent breeding is completely screened according to the weight, the selected heavier individuals are mostly male fish, the male fish of the ordinary pelteobagrus fulvidraco is not needed in breeding, and the traditional mixed sex production mode has the defects of high cost, low breeding efficiency and the like. Therefore, the establishment of a production method suitable for large-scale breeding of the full-female pelteobagrus fulvidraco is of great importance for breeding new pelteobagrus fulvidraco varieties and industrial sustainable development.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, series of works are developed from the aspects of XX genetic male induction of pelteobagrus fulvidraco, male induction efficiency of different medicines and treatment modes, large-scale breeding of full-female pelteobagrus fulvidraco and the like; the invention provides a method for cultivating hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco 'yellow you No. 2' with fast growth, low protein and low fish meal feed utilization rate, which creatively combines group breeding, nutrition utilization directional breeding and sex control breeding, and cultivates hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco 'yellow you No. 2' with fast growth speed, low protein and low fish meal feed utilization rate.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a method for cultivating hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco yellow you No. 2 with fast growth, low protein, low fish meal feed utilization rate, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Production of full female pelteobagrus fulvidraco:
a. taking a female parent of yellow you No. 1 as a female parent, and taking a male fish of common yellow catfish as a male parent, and carrying out artificial propagation to obtain a male-female mixed larva fish population with genotypes of XX and XY;
b. in the key period of sex differentiation, 17 alpha-dihydrotestosterone is used for treating and inducing XX genetic female fish to be maleized to produce XX functional pseudo-male fish;
c. culturing induced XX pseudo-male fish to sexual maturity, selecting an individual which grows 50% before the population, has a weight of more than 100g and a sperm rapid movement time of more than 25s, and carrying out artificial propagation on the individual and XX individuals with a specification of more than 120g in a female parent of 'Huangyou No. 1', thereby obtaining a XX full-female pelteobagrus fulvidraco population in batches; inducing XX pseudo-male fish in batches by the method of the step (b) and taking the XX pseudo-male fish as a male parent reserve for XX full-female fish production;
(2) Combining and breeding pelteobagrus fulvidraco growth and low-protein low-fish meal feed utilization characteristics:
a. breeding the XX whole female pelteobagrus fulvidraco shoal body produced by the method:
when the fish is 3 days old, breeding with the strength of 90% is carried out on XX full-female pelteobagrus fulvidraco shoal with the growth as a target;
at the stage of 4 months to 6 months, the method takes the low-protein low-fish meal feed utilization rate as a target, and breeds the XX full-female pelteobagrus fulvidraco with the intensity of 30 percent (namely, individuals with the top 30 percent grow under the feed feeding condition of low-protein low-fish meal level);
in the 12 month-old stage, breeding with the strength of 40% on the XX whole female pelteobagrus fulvidraco group with the growth as a target to obtain a first-generation XX whole female pelteobagrus fulvidraco group meeting the requirements;
b. repeating the breeding for multiple generations:
taking the first-generation XX full-female pelteobagrus fulvidraco community meeting the requirements as a female parent, taking the XX pseudo-male fish selected in the step (1) as a male parent, carrying out artificial propagation, and then carrying out breeding in the step (a) to obtain a second-generation XX full-female pelteobagrus fulvidraco community meeting the requirements; repeating the generation of N to obtain the N+2th generation XX total female pelteobagrus fulvidraco population meeting the requirements; wherein N is 1, 2 or … …; and when the breeding is carried out to the 4 th generation, a population with high specification uniformity and stable genetic character is obtained.
(3) Breeding of pelteobagrus vachelli growth characteristics:
a. performing artificial propagation on the male fish of pelteobagrus vachelli which is a male parent of pelteobagrus vachelli No. 1 and a high-quality female parent population obtained in the breeding process of pelteobagrus vachelli No. 1, performing breeding with the strength of 8 percent by taking growth as a target when the offspring of the female parent is 12 months old, selecting sexually mature individuals with the male fish body weight of more than 200g and the female fish body weight of more than 100g, performing artificial propagation to obtain the male fish and the female fish of the pelteobagrus vachelli of the first generation,
b. the first generation pelteobagrus vachelli population obtained by the method carries out selective breeding with the intensity of 8 percent when the first generation pelteobagrus vachelli population is 12 months old, selects sexually mature individuals with the body weight of male fish being more than 200g and the body weight of female fish being more than 100g, carries out artificial propagation to obtain the male and female pelteobagrus vachelli of the second generation,
c. repeatedly breeding M generations according to the method, and obtaining the male fish of pelteobagrus vachelli as a backup male parent group of yellow you No. 2 in the M+1th generation; wherein M is 1, 2 or … …; the male fish of pelteobagrus vachelli with high specification uniformity and stable genetic character can be obtained by breeding for three generations and used as a male parent group of pelteobagrus vachelli No. 2;
(4) Large-scale breeding of hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco yellow you No. 2:
and (3) taking the XX full-female pelteobagrus fulvidraco bred in the step (2) as a female parent and taking the male pelteobagrus vachelli bred in the step (3) as a male parent for artificial propagation, so that the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco No. 2 with high growth speed, low protein and high feed utilization rate of fish meal can be produced in a large scale.
Further, in the step (1), the method for inducing XX genetic female fish to become male is that
Feeding XX genetic female fish with feed containing 17 alpha-methyldihydrotestosterone (also called as emandrone, 17 alpha-methyldihydroestosterone, CAS number 521-11-9) for maleation induction, wherein the content of 17 alpha-methyldihydrotestosterone in the feed is 10-50 mg/kg.
The feed is conventional feed for pelteobagrus fulvidraco, and is purchased in the market.
Still further, the feed containing 17 alpha-methyltestosterone is obtained by dissolving 17 alpha-methyltestosterone in 85-95% ethanol in parts by volume, uniformly mixing the prepared solution and the feed in a mass ratio of 1:40-1:20, and fully dissolving 17 alpha-methyltestosterone in the feed.
In the step (1), the method for inducing the male sex of the XX hereditary female fish is that the XX hereditary female fish is soaked in a culture water body with 17 alpha-methyldihydrotestosterone concentration of 1-100 mug/L.
Still further, the 17 alpha-methyl dihydrotestosterone aquaculture water is obtained by dissolving 17 alpha-methyl dihydrotestosterone in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and then dissolving in the aquaculture water according to a volume ratio of 1:10000.
Still further, in the step (2), the 3-day-old breeding criteria are:
by utilizing the characteristic that more active seedlings are gathered into groups and spread around and at corners of the seedling pool, and weaker seedlings are scattered in the middle area of the seedling pool, 10% of weak seedlings are eliminated.
The breeding standard of 12 months is:
using a classifying screen, using body width and back width as classifying standards, and leaving 40% large-sized individuals on the screen as breeding groups.
Still further, in the step a of the step (2), the total protein level in the low-protein low-fish meal feed is 36% -38%, and the fish meal consumption is less than or equal to 10%.
The low-protein low-fish meal feed is HY2 low-protein low-fish meal feed, the total protein level is 36% -38%, and the fish meal consumption is less than or equal to 10%; the fish meal consumption is also lower than that of the common pelteobagrus fulvidraco special feed on the market, the composition is not limited to the formula in the example 3, and other feeds with total protein level lower than 38% and fish meal consumption less than or equal to 10% can achieve similar effects. The primary breeding with the intensity of 30% is carried out by taking the low-protein low-fish meal feed utilization rate as a target, and the breeding should be carried out before the end of the main growing season, so that the negative influence of the HY2 breeding feed on the development of the female fish egg nest is avoided, and meanwhile, the large-scale morbidity after the beginning of the spring caused by the operation damage before winter entry is avoided.
Still further, in the step (2), the XX pseudo-male fish selection criteria are: XX pseudo-males select individuals with a weight greater than 100g in the first 50% of the population.
Still further, in the step (3),
the male fish of pelteobagrus vachelli and the female fish of pelteobagrus vachelli are 12 month old (1 year old) individuals (the up-to-sexual maturation proportion in the population is about 50%),
the female fish of pelteobagrus vachelli is selected according to the selection standard, wherein the body weight of the female fish is more than 100g, and the ovaries of the female fish are full;
the selection standard of the pelteobagrus vachelli male fish is an individual with the body weight of more than 200g, the testis milk white and the sperm rapid movement time of more than 25 s.
And (2) in the step (4), screening the yellow excellent No. 2 water flowers produced in batches by artificial propagation by using the method of the step (2) until the intensity is 90% at the age of 3 days, and removing the seedlings obtained after weak seedlings, namely the high-quality seedlings 'yellow excellent No. 2'.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention is based on sex control breeding, utilizes the whole female pelteobagrus fulvidraco shoal body, carries out simultaneous breeding on two characters of quick growth and low-protein and low-fish meal feed utilization rate, transmits the two characters to the offspring hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco through female parent, reduces the total protein level of the breeding shoal by about 10 percent, reduces the fish meal consumption by more than 50 percent, greatly saves the breeding cost, reduces the metabolic burden of the fish body, and reduces the negative influence of feed feeding on water quality.
2. The invention utilizes the hereditary character of the omnivorous fish pelteobagrus fulvidraco with a certain utilization rate of vegetable proteins, combines nutrition and nutrition utilization directional breeding measures, innovatively breeds breeding lines with less protein and fish meal consumption, can lighten the pressure of world fishery resource fishing, and forms a technical means for referencing other omnivorous fish and carnivorous fish, further develops low-protein low-fish meal feed utilization character breeding in other fish, and further promotes sustainable development of fishery resources in China and the world.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the difference between male and female growth of the same group of common pelteobagrus fulvidraco.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco with high growth speed, high utilization rate of low protein and low fish meal feed by combining sex control breeding, group breeding and nutrition utilization directional breeding technology.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments for understanding by those skilled in the art.
The method for cultivating hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco yellow you No. 2 with fast growth, low protein and high fish meal feed utilization rate shown in fig. 2 comprises the following steps:
(1) Production of full female pelteobagrus fulvidraco:
a. female parent yellow catfish population cultivated by a national approval new variety 'yellow No. 1' breeding unit Hubei Huang You source fishery development limited company base (hereinafter referred to as base) is taken as female parent, common yellow catfish male fish with the specification of more than 150g cultivated by the base is taken as male parent, artificial breeding is carried out, and female-male mixed young fish population with the genotype of XX and XY is obtained;
b. inducing male formation of XX genetic female fish during a critical period of sex differentiation (i.e. 12 to 60 days old), producing 3000 XX functional pseudo-male fish; and inducing XX genetic female fish to be male by any one of the following methods:
i. feeding XX genetic female fish with feed containing 17 alpha-methyldihydrotestosterone (17 alpha-methyldihydrotestosterone, CAS number 521-11-9) for maleation induction, wherein the feed containing 17 alpha-methyldihydrotestosterone is obtained by dissolving 17 alpha-methyldihydrotestosterone in 85-95% ethanol in volume fraction, uniformly mixing the prepared solution and feed in a mass ratio of 1:40-1:20, and finally fully dissolving 17 alpha-methyldihydrotestosterone in the feed, wherein the 17 alpha-methyldihydrotestosterone content in the feed is 10-50 mg/kg (Table 1);
the feed is a conventional fish fry feed and is purchased in the market.
Placing XX hereditary female fish into a culture water body with 17 alpha-methyl dihydrotestosterone concentration of 1-100 mug/L for soaking treatment (table 1); the culture water body of 17 alpha-methyl dihydrotestosterone is prepared by dissolving 17 alpha-methyl dihydrotestosterone in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and then dissolving in culture water body according to a volume ratio of 1:10000.
TABLE 1 influence of 17 alpha-Methyltestosterone treatment on male induction of XX-genotype pelteobagrus fulvidraco
c. Culturing induced XX pseudo-male fish to sexual maturity, selecting an individual which grows 50% before the population, has a weight of more than 100g and a sperm rapid movement time of more than 25s, and carrying out artificial propagation on the individual and the XX individual with a specification of more than 120g in a female parent of 'Huangyou No. 1', so as to obtain 60 ten thousand of XX full-female pelteobagrus fulvidraco shoal in batches; and by the method of step (b), thereafter inducing at least 2000 XX pseudo-androgens in batches per year as a male stock for XX total female fish production;
(2) Combining and breeding pelteobagrus fulvidraco growth and low-protein low-fish meal feed utilization characteristics:
a. breeding the XX whole female pelteobagrus fulvidraco shoal body produced by the method:
60 ten thousand of the full-female pelteobagrus fulvidraco shoal bodies produced by the method are bred once with the strength of 90% by taking growth as a target when the 3-day age is reached; wherein, during breeding in 3 days, the more active seedlings are gathered into groups and spread around and at corners of the seedling pool, and the weaker seedlings are scattered in the middle area of the seedling pool, so that 10% of weak seedlings are eliminated;
in the stage of 4 months to 6 months, taking the utilization rate of HY2 (formula of table 3) low-protein low-fish meal feed as a target, and carrying out one-time breeding with the strength of 30% on XX full-female pelteobagrus fulvidraco shoal;
and in the 12 month-old stage, breeding with the strength of 40% on the XX whole female pelteobagrus fulvidraco group with the aim of growth to obtain 6 ten thousand whole female pelteobagrus fulvidraco with high growth speed, low protein, low fish meal feed utilization rate. When the fish school is 12 months old, 2000kg of total weight of the first-generation XX full-female pelteobagrus fulvidraco shoal body meeting the requirements is obtained; wherein, when breeding in 12 months, a classifying screen is used, body width and back width are used as classifying standards, and 40% of large-specification individuals are left on the screen as propagation groups. In production, when the development condition of ovaries is checked by using the transparent liquid and more than 70% of ova have nuclear deviation, artificial propagation is carried out, and when the weight of female fish individuals is more than 50g, the propagation effect is better.
b. Repeating 3 generations of breeding:
taking the first-generation XX full-female pelteobagrus fulvidraco community meeting the requirements as a female parent, taking the XX pseudo-male fish selected in the step (1) as a male parent, carrying out artificial propagation, and then carrying out breeding in the step (a) to obtain a second-generation XX full-female pelteobagrus fulvidraco community meeting the requirements; repeating for 2 generations to obtain a fourth-generation XX full-female pelteobagrus fulvidraco population meeting the requirements;
the four breeding generations take the full female pelteobagrus fulvidraco as a breeding object, from the second generation, the female parent comes from the female parent bred in the previous generation, and the male parent is the XX pseudo-male fish obtained by inducing the full female population in the step (1) every year, and the individual with the weight of more than 100g and the 50% of the first population grows. Dissecting to obtain artificial male fish testis before artificial breeding, microscopically taking 0.01ml, activating with fresh water, when a large number of sperms are observed to move rapidly for more than 25 seconds, the sperms are used as male parents for breeding the whole female fish, otherwise, the sperms are eliminated. Thus, in each generation, the female fish and the pseudo-male fish bred by the full female fish are individuals with high growth speed in the population.
After 4 generations of breeding, the growth speed of the obtained full-female pelteobagrus fulvidraco population is 23% faster than that of a female parent of yellow you No. 1, and the commercial feed with 36% -38% of total protein level and less than or equal to 10% of fish meal consumption can be better utilized, so that the population specification uniformity is high and the hereditary character is stable.
(3) Breeding of pelteobagrus vachelli growth characteristics:
a. performing artificial propagation on the male fish of pelteobagrus vachelli which is a male parent of pelteobagrus vachelli No. 1 and a high-quality female parent population obtained in the breeding process of pelteobagrus vachelli No. 1, performing breeding with the strength of 8 percent by taking growth as a target when the offspring of the female parent is 12 months old, selecting sexually mature individuals with the male fish body weight of more than 200g and the female fish body weight of more than 100g, performing artificial propagation to obtain the male fish and the female fish of the pelteobagrus vachelli of the first generation,
b. the first generation pelteobagrus vachelli population obtained by the method is subjected to selective breeding with the intensity of 8 percent at the age of 12 months, sexual mature individuals with the body weight of male fish being greater than 200g and the body weight of female fish being greater than 100g are selected, and artificial propagation is carried out to obtain the male and female pelteobagrus vachelli of the second generation;
c. repeating 2 generations of breeding:
breeding the pelteobagrus vachelli and the female fish obtained in the step (b) to 12 months old, selecting sexually mature individuals with the weight of the male fish being greater than 200g and the female fish being greater than 100g, and carrying out artificial propagation to obtain the pelteobagrus vachelli and the female fish of the third generation, and breeding according to the step (b) to obtain the pelteobagrus vachelli and the female fish with high fourth generation growth speed, high specification uniformity and stable genetic character; wherein the male fish is used as male parent of hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco yellow you No. 2.
Before the steps (b) and (c) are carried out,
the standard of female fish of pelteobagrus vachelli is individuals with weight of more than 100g and full ovaries;
the standard of the male fish of pelteobagrus vachelli is individuals with weight of more than 200g, milky white testis, and rapid sperm movement time of more than 25s (Table 2).
Before artificial propagation, the development condition of the female roe is checked by using transparent liquid, and when more than 70% of the roe has a nuclear deviation phenomenon, the artificial propagation is carried out. Before artificial reproduction, the sperm motility in the testis of the male fish is checked, and the specific steps are the same.
After 4 generations of breeding, the male fish of the pelteobagrus vachelli grows 28% faster than the male parent of yellow you No. 1.
Table 2 growth index and sexual maturity of 1-year individual of pelteobagrus vachelli
(4) Large-scale breeding of hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco yellow you No. 2:
taking the XX full-female pelteobagrus fulvidraco bred in the step (2) as a female parent, taking the male pelteobagrus vachelli bred in the step (3) as a male parent, carrying out artificial propagation, carrying out screening with the intensity of 90% by using the method of the step (2) when the pelteobagrus fulvidraco produced in batches by artificial propagation is 3 days old, and removing the offspring seeds obtained after weak offspring seeds, namely the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco with high growth speed, low protein and low fish meal feed utilization rate.
The HY2 low-protein low-fish meal feed is a specially-made breeding feed, the total protein is low, the fish meal consumption is lower than that of the special feed for common pelteobagrus fulvidraco on the market, the total protein level is 36% -38%, and the fish meal consumption is less than or equal to 10%. The primary breeding with the intensity of 30% is carried out by taking the low-protein low-fish meal feed utilization rate as a target, and the breeding should be carried out before the end of the main growing season, so that the negative influence of HY2 breeding feed on the development of female fish egg nests is avoided, and meanwhile, the large-scale morbidity after the beginning of spring caused by operation damage before winter entry is avoided; in this example, the specific formulation of the HY2 low-protein low-fish meal feed is shown in Table 3:
table 3 formula of HY2 low-protein low-fish meal feed for pelteobagrus fulvidraco breeding
| Raw materials | Dosage kg | Raw materials | Dosage kg |
| Peruvian super steam | 100 | Soybean lecithin | 15 |
| Imported chicken powder for pets | 50 | Wheat | 210.7 |
| Krill powder | 30 | Monocalcium phosphate | 15 |
| Vegetable meal | 40 | Choline chloride 60% | 2 |
| Fermented soybean meal | 310 | Premix compound | 10 |
| Dephenolized cottonseed protein | 30 | Lysine 70% | 3 |
| Pricklyash seed | 25 | Methionine | 1 |
| Wheat germ | 105 | Threonine (Thr) | 1 |
| Beer yeast powder | 33 | Vc phosphate | 2 |
| Fish oil | 20 | VE | 2 |
| Soybean oil | 15 | Antioxidant agent | 0.3 |
| Totalizing | 1020kg | ||
| Crude protein% | 38.0 | ||
| Fish meal content% | 9.8 |
The parent in the steps (2), (3) and (4) is subjected to intensified cultivation for at least 2 months by using a parent special compound feed YC-B1 (feed formula is shown in Table 4) before artificial propagation, and the parent cultivation density is reduced to below 300 kg/mu for 2 months before propagation.
Table 4 formula of compound feed YC-B1 special for parent cultivation of pelteobagrus fulvidraco
| Raw materials | Dosage kg | Raw materials | Dosage kg |
| Peruvian Japanese grade | 245 | Wheat | 211.7 |
| Imported chicken powder for pets | 75 | Monocalcium phosphate | 15 |
| Larval whole worm | 30 | Choline chloride 60% | 2 |
| Krill powder | 30 | Premix compound | 10 |
| Bean pulp | 130 | Lysine 70% | 0 |
| Fermented soybean meal | 130 | Methionine | 0 |
| Vegetable meal | 0 | Threonine (Thr) | 0 |
| Wheat germ | 105 | Vc phosphate | 2 |
| Beer yeast powder | 0 | VE | 2 |
| Fish oil | 0 | Antioxidant agent | 0.3 |
| Soybean oil | 22 | Coated sodium butyrate | 2 |
| Soybean lecithin | 12 | Radix astragali of eucommia ulmoides and the like | 1 |
| Totalizing | 1025kg | ||
| Crude protein% | 42.1 | ||
| Fish meal content% | 23.9 |
Other parts not described in detail are prior art. Although the foregoing embodiments have been described in some, but not all, embodiments of the invention, it should be understood that other embodiments may be devised in accordance with the present embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for cultivating hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco yellow you No. 2 with fast growth, low protein, low fish meal feed utilization rate is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Production of full female pelteobagrus fulvidraco:
a. taking a female parent of yellow you No. 1 as a female parent, and taking a male fish of common yellow catfish as a male parent, and carrying out artificial propagation to obtain a male-female mixed larva fish population with genotypes of XX and XY;
b. in the key period of sex differentiation, 17 alpha-dihydrotestosterone is used for treating and inducing XX genetic female fish to be maleized to produce XX functional pseudo-male fish;
c. culturing induced XX pseudo-male fish to sexual maturity, selecting an individual which grows 50% before the population, has a weight of more than 100g and a sperm rapid movement time of more than 25s, and carrying out artificial propagation on the individual and XX individuals with a specification of more than 120g in a female parent of 'Huangyou No. 1', thereby obtaining a XX full-female pelteobagrus fulvidraco population in batches; inducing XX pseudo-male fish in batches by the method of the step b, and storing the pseudo-male fish serving as a male parent for producing XX full-female fish;
(2) Combining and breeding pelteobagrus fulvidraco growth and low-protein low-fish meal feed utilization characteristics:
a. breeding the XX whole female pelteobagrus fulvidraco shoal body produced by the method:
when the fish is 3 days old, breeding with the strength of 90% is carried out on XX full-female pelteobagrus fulvidraco shoal with the growth as a target;
in the stage of 4 months to 6 months, selecting and breeding XX full female pelteobagrus fulvidraco with the intensity of 30% as a next generation breeding backup parent by taking the low protein and low fish meal feed utilization rate as a target;
in the 12 month-old stage, breeding with the strength of 40% on the XX whole female pelteobagrus fulvidraco group with the growth as a target to obtain a first-generation XX whole female pelteobagrus fulvidraco group meeting the requirements;
b. repeating the breeding for multiple generations:
taking the first-generation XX full-female pelteobagrus fulvidraco community meeting the requirements as a female parent, taking the XX pseudo-male fish selected in the step (1) as a male parent, carrying out artificial propagation, and then carrying out breeding in the step a to obtain a second-generation XX full-female pelteobagrus fulvidraco community meeting the requirements; repeating for multiple generations to obtain XX whole female pelteobagrus fulvidraco colony with high specification uniformity and stable genetic character;
(3) Breeding of pelteobagrus vachelli growth characteristics:
a. performing artificial propagation on the male fish of pelteobagrus vachelli which is a male parent based on 'yellow you No. 1' and a high-quality female parent population obtained in a breeding process of 'yellow you No. 1', breeding with the growth as a target when the offspring of the female parent population is 12 months old, selecting sexually mature individuals for artificial propagation to obtain male fish and female fish of the first-generation pelteobagrus vachelli,
b. the first generation pelteobagrus vachelli population obtained by the method carries out selective breeding with the intensity of 8 percent when the first generation pelteobagrus vachelli population is 12 months old, selects sexually mature individuals with the body weight of male fish being more than 200g and the body weight of female fish being more than 100g, carries out artificial propagation to obtain the male and female pelteobagrus vachelli of the second generation,
c. repeatedly breeding for multiple generations according to the method to obtain pelteobagrus vachelli male fish with high specification uniformity and stable genetic character, wherein the pelteobagrus vachelli male fish is used as a male parent population of yellow you No. 2;
(4) Large-scale breeding of hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco yellow you No. 2:
and (3) taking the XX full-female pelteobagrus fulvidraco bred in the step (2) as a female parent and taking the male pelteobagrus vachelli bred in the step (3) as a male parent for artificial propagation, so that the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco No. 2 with high growth speed, low protein and high feed utilization rate of fish meal can be produced in a large scale.
2. The method for cultivating hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco yellow you No. 2 with fast growth, low protein and high fish meal feed utilization rate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (1), the method for inducing XX genetic female fish to be maleized comprises the following steps:
feeding XX genetic female fish with feed containing 17 alpha-methyl dihydrotestosterone for male induction, wherein the content of 17 alpha-methyl dihydrotestosterone in the feed is 10-50 mg/kg.
3. The method for cultivating hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco yellow you No. 2 with fast growth, low protein and high fish meal feed utilization rate according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the feed containing 17 alpha-methyl dihydrotestosterone is prepared by dissolving 17 alpha-methyl dihydrotestosterone in 85-95% ethanol in volume fraction, uniformly mixing the prepared solution with the feed in a mass ratio of 1:40-1:20, and fully dissolving 17 alpha-methyl dihydrotestosterone in the feed.
4. The method for cultivating hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco yellow you No. 2 with fast growth, low protein and high fish meal feed utilization rate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (1), the method for inducing the male sex of the XX hereditary female fish is to put the XX hereditary female fish into a culture water body with 17 alpha-methyl dihydrotestosterone concentration of 1-100 mug/L for soaking treatment.
5. The method for cultivating hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco yellow you No. 2 with fast growth, low protein and high fish meal feed utilization rate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the culture water body of 17 alpha-methyl dihydrotestosterone is obtained by dissolving 17 alpha-methyl dihydrotestosterone in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and then dissolving the 17 alpha-methyl dihydrotestosterone in the culture water body according to a volume ratio of 1:10000.
6. The method for cultivating hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco yellow you No. 2 with fast growth, low protein and high fish meal feed utilization rate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (2), the breeding standard of 3 days old is as follows:
by utilizing the characteristic that more active seedlings are gathered into groups and spread around and at corners of the seedling pool, and weaker seedlings are scattered in the middle area of the seedling pool, 10% of weak seedlings are eliminated;
the breeding standard of 12 months is:
using a classifying screen, using body width and back width as classifying standards, and leaving 40% large-sized individuals on the screen as breeding groups.
7. The method for cultivating hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco yellow you No. 2 with fast growth, low protein and high fish meal feed utilization rate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step a of the step (2), the total protein level in the low-protein low-fish meal feed is 36% -38%, and the fish meal consumption is less than or equal to 10%.
8. The method for cultivating hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco yellow you No. 2 with fast growth, low protein and high fish meal feed utilization rate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (2), XX pseudo-male fish selection criteria are as follows: XX pseudo-males select individuals with a weight greater than 100g in the first 50% of the population.
9. The method for cultivating hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco yellow you No. 2 with fast growth, low protein and high fish meal feed utilization rate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (3), the intensity of breeding is 8%; in sexually mature individuals, the male fish of pelteobagrus vachelli and the female fish of pelteobagrus vachelli are individuals of 12 months old, wherein,
the female fish of pelteobagrus vachelli is selected according to the selection standard, wherein the body weight of the female fish is more than 100g, and the ovaries of the female fish are full;
the selection standard of the pelteobagrus vachelli male fish is an individual with the body weight of more than 200g, the testis milk white and the sperm rapid movement time of more than 25 s.
10. The method for cultivating hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco yellow you No. 2 with fast growth, low protein and high fish meal feed utilization rate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (4), yellow excellent No. 2 water flowers produced in batches by artificial propagation are screened with the intensity of 90% by using the method of the step (2) when the seedlings are 3 days old, and the seedlings obtained after weak seedlings are removed, namely the high-quality seedlings are yellow excellent No. 2 seedlings.
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