CN103563861A - Perinereis aibuhitensis totally-artificial breeding technology - Google Patents
Perinereis aibuhitensis totally-artificial breeding technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Disclosed is a perinereis aibuhitensis totally-artificial breeding technology. The technical processes of the perinereis aibuhitensis totally-artificial breeding technology include the steps of parent perinereis aibuhitensis selection, indoor cement pit culturing, daily management, sexual maturity, artificial regulation for breeding, centralized hatching, young perinereis aibuhitensis breeding, soil pool breeding, culturing management and harvesting. Through research on perinereis aibuhitensis domestication breeding, artificial parent perinereis aibuhitensis cultivation, the artificial insemination method, young perinereis aibuhitensis production and large-scale cultivation, the perinereis aibuhitensis artificial cultivation and artificial breeding technologies and the perinereis aibuhitensis production processes are formed, the problems that young perinereis aibuhitensis supply is not enough and limited by seasons are solved, perinereis aibuhitensis fertilization rates, hatchability which is about 60% and young perinereis aibuhitensis survival rates are improved, and guarantees in quality and quantity are provided for artificial breeding in the future; furthermore, the perinereis aibuhitensis totally-artificial breeding technology has significance in conducting large-scale perinereis aibuhitensis cultivation, improving cultivation structure adjustment, increasing income of fishermen and guaranteeing the sustainable development of the marine aquaculture industry.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to clam worm fingerlings artificial and breed field, be specially the full artificial breeding of a kind of perinereis aibihitensis Grube and support technique.
Background technology
Clam worm is mainly used in Hai Diao market, the world at present, in the Growth and Reproduction of other economic marine animals, also plays an important role, for example, utilize clam worm prawn crab class, fish to carry out accelerating.In addition, nereidiformia toxin is the important raw material of developing green agricultural chemicals.
Aspect medical, the haemoglobin in nereidiformia blood and the mankind's is very alike, and its blood matter is also applicable to preserving and injection very much.There is not rejection in clam worm blood,, as the most popular first-selection of artificial plasm's exploitation, has obtained great breakthrough in its zoopery, and clinical test results is also very satisfactory.At present, artificial blood exploitation has become the important topic of countries in the world, because not only can alleviate the situation that HBB is in short supply after succeeding in developing, and can prevent to pollute because of blood source the various infectious diseases that occur, rescue and relief work when Large Scale Natural Disasters is occurred is also significant.
The nereidiformia metalloproteinases (NVMP) of fibrinolytic that nereidiformia has, for prevention and treatment the mankind thrombotic diseases there is certain medical value.The various active polypeptide that clam worm body contains, has stronger contraction for annelidan oesophagus, is expected to become the raw material of development of new medicine for stomach dynamic thing.In food industry, the regional people such as Southeast Asia eat the with a long history of clam worm, and this cooking culture is accepted by northern crowd gradually.In addition, the health products relevant to clam worm, also at home and abroad just come onto stage on health-product market.
Clam worm existing market price is up to 100-120 unit/kg, and the nutritive value that it is abundant and potential huge economic value Yi Bei aquaculture circle are familiar with.Variation along with relation between market supply and demand; a large amount of wild clam worms to adopt the minimizing that benefit will cause this resource even exhausted; and carry out perinereis aibihitensis Grube fingerlings artificial, breed; carrying out large-scale cultivation had become the inexorable trend of industry development already; started very early propagating artificially of Polychaeta clam worm abroad; comprise Britain, Japan and a plurality of countries such as Australian, also make some progress.Domestic Ge great scientific research institutions also attach great importance to the cultivation exploitation to this kind, along with succeeding in developing of perinereis aibihitensis Grube manual seedling-raising technology, to changing current breed variety structure, adjust relation between supply and demand, stimulate Polychaeta cultivation development to play positive role.Carry out perinereis aibihitensis Grube large-scale cultivation, to promoting cultivation structural adjustment, increase fisherman income and mariculture industry sustainable development significant.
Perinereis aibihitensis Grube, the Polychaeta that blazons as south east asia, with its higher economy and the ecological value, enjoy the favor of cultivation industry, it all has distribution in China coast various places, wherein individual full, the international sea of the sturdy ， of muscle of northern area (river mouth, main Shandong, Dongying, Weifang and other places) angles market more welcome, and commodity value is higher than the individuality on the ground such as south.In addition perinereis aibihitensis Grube is as the main economic Polychaeta of China, there is the very high ecological value, not only can for example, as in the Growth and Reproductions of extra large fishing bait, other economic marine animals (utilizing clam worm prawn crab class, fish to carry out accelerating), in industries such as medicine, health products, also there are larger potentiality, such as aspect medical, haemoglobin in nereidiformia blood and the mankind's is very alike, and its blood matter is also applicable to preserving and injection very much.There is not rejection in clam worm blood,, as the most popular first-selection of artificial plasm's exploitation, has obtained great breakthrough in its zoopery, and clinical test results is also very satisfactory.At present, artificial blood exploitation has become the important topic of countries in the world, because not only can alleviate the situation that HBB is in short supply after succeeding in developing, and can prevent to pollute because of blood source the various infectious diseases that occur, rescue and relief work when Large Scale Natural Disasters is occurred is also significant; The nereidiformia metalloproteinases (NVMP) of fibrinolytic that nereidiformia has for another example, has certain medical value for prevention and the treatment mankind's thrombotic diseases.The various active polypeptide that clam worm body contains, has stronger contraction for annelidan oesophagus, is expected to become the raw material of development of new medicine for stomach dynamic thing.In food industry, the regional people such as Southeast Asia eat the with a long history of clam worm, and this cooking culture is accepted by northern crowd gradually; In addition, the health products relevant to clam worm, also at home and abroad just come onto stage on health-product market.In perinereis aibihitensis Grube breeding process, have that disease is few, fast growth, to temperature, the less demanding advantage of salinity, and delicious meat, economic worth are high, in China, the research of relevant perinereis aibihitensis Grube, except some taxonomy, outside the fragmentary report that cultivation is learned, the research of Other subjects is almost in blank, in industry, the technique of scale artificial culture perinereis aibihitensis Grube is inquired at present, mostly existing technique is to carry out artificial breeding by fishing for wild heteronereis, but the method has a lot of drawbacks: comprise uncontrollable strong, be difficult to a large amount of acquisition, the time that is transported between seedling culturing vehicle is long, cause the individual miscarriage of part or dead, fertilization rate and fertility reduce greatly, for clam worm large-scale cultivation, arrange production, carrying out on a large scale seed rearing is also very difficult thing.Therefore at present also do not form in the industry the technique of a set of complete and effective large-scale cultivation perinereis aibihitensis Grube, seriously hindered the development of the large-scale cultivation cause of perinereis aibihitensis Grube.
Summary of the invention
For there is above problem in prior art, the invention provides be a kind ofly applicable on a large scale, artificial breeding is supported perinereis aibihitensis Grube on a large scale technique.
Technical scheme of the present invention is by manually storing up close silkworm and cultivating to sexual maturity, and by tide analog, controls the methods such as breeding and realize, and specifically comprises the following steps:
1) close silkworm is selected
In clam worm recovery process, select that physique is big and fleshy, color and luster is ruddy, healthy anosis clam worm adult is as close silkworm, the individual specification of close silkworm is 15-25cm, average weight is more than 3g/bar;
2) close silkworm is cultivated
In the fall the close silkworm selecting is rendered to indoor cement pit, the addition of close silkworm is according to following standard: according to normally entering every day after draining, be no more than 20 determine the saturation state of pond parent silkworm for standard according to every pond earth surfaces clam worm; In described indoor cement pit, add and in outdoor native pond, cultivated the silt of perinereis aibihitensis Grube or the earth of newly turning over as substrate, thickness is more than 30cm; One jiao of indoor cement pit is provided with osculum, store up front with filtering sea, soak 48h more than;
3) close silkworm daily management
Autumn, indoor cement pit entered nature seawater over more than earth 30cm noon every day, stopped into water, maintained after 2h, drained seawater; Each indoor cement pit shrimp bait of throwing something and feeding at dusk; When natural temperature reaches 10 ℃, change 3 days into and throw something and feed once winter; When natural temperature reaches 5 ℃, the above seawater of disposable interpolation 30cm is passed the winter; After next spring (March), recover and same daily management in autumn;
4) artificial regulatory breeding
In summer, can find that ripe heteronereis floats on the water surface after water inlet, if do not needed, produce, rapidly water be drained, only cross water 15min; After this, only cross water once every day, and the time, in 15min, makes cement pit can not form the water surface; If there is vacant cement pit, abnormal ripe heteronereis can be fished for and put in new cement pit, centralized management; When if desired a large amount of close silkworms breed, recover water inlet, maintain water body 30cm, the heteronereis moving about in 1h is that maturity is individual preferably, puts into clam worm dish after fishing for, and thin sponge shop fixtures, for water suction, reaches after need of production quantity, carries out rapidly artificial breeding;
5) artificial nature's method of inseminating
With fresh water, rinse after the earth on heteronereis surface, select respectively male and female heteronereis, the male and female of take are than carrying out artificial natural insemination as 3:1, be specially close silkworm is put into the floatable plastic crate that leaks simultaneously, after 3h, bolting silk is collected after fertilized egg, put into cone tank hatching, hatching density is 10/ml; Water temperature is controlled at 25 degree, continuous charge, after 3 days, hatching is early stage three just joint nectocaetes, early stage three just joint nectocaetes through 1 day, be developed to three and just after the joint nectocaete young in late period, carried out seed rearing;
6) seed rearing
Three have just saved the nectocaete young in late period by cultivating at indoor cement pit high density seed rearing or the direct pond of burying of throwing in;
The three indoor cement pit high density seed rearing processes that just saved the nectocaete young in late period are: at indoor cement pit, add the nature seawater through 300 order silk cover filterings, having added rear water depth is 50cm; Throw in three and just saved 5/ml of the nectocaete young in late period, cultivate water temperature 20 degree; The open-mouthed bait of throwing something and feeding, take yeast as main, be developed to 4 just after joint nectochaeta larvas bait add chlorella; Add water to gradually 100cm, bait adds flat algae subsequently simultaneously; When being developed to six, just saved, bait adds benthic diatom, observes in time developmental state, and cultivates according to density and time-division pond; When total cultivation reached after 30 days, can emerge successively;
Three have just saved the direct process of cultivating in the pond of burying of throwing in of the nectocaete young in late period is: Tu Chi becomes with cement brick indignation, and lower laying black plastic film, more than native pond surrounding exceeds plastic foil 80cm; Before carrying out seed rearing, add nature earth 30-40cm, tan by the sun after adding sea water immersion, and with lime disinfection; Within 7 days, enter in advance 300 mesh sieve thin,tough silk filtering sea 10cm, the algae kind nature rich water in nature seawater; Then the three seedling bodies that just saved nectocaete are directly put into Tu Chi, and hydrostatic is cultivated; According to water colour and the clam worm situation of ingesting, add in right amount yeast, concentrated chlorella; Maintain the temperature between 18-20 degree, within 15 days, be developed to six and just saved after nectocaete, can carry out lentamente on a small quantity the irrigation and drainage of seawater; Then through within 30-40 days, being developed to 50-70, just save, body length is between 1-2cm, and now available dredger is fished for or direct drainage collection seed;
7) breeding process
The seed of collecting is placed other without in Miao Tuchi, broadcasts seedling; Dividing seedling density is 1000-1500 bar/square meter; Broadcast the Tu Chi of seedling before broadcasting seedling, all should level, the process of leveling mainly comprises: the leveling of turning over, drug disinfection; The rear required thickness 30-40cm of the leveling of turning over, the rear beach face of turning over is harrowed pine, is raked, and this process completes at throwing seedling for previous month; Drug disinfection is to utilize quicklime or bleaching powder to clean up the pond, and in sterilization after-bay, adds 200 order filtering seas, soaks after 2 days and drains;
After throwing seedling and putting in a suitable place to breed, should carry out the filling row of seawater every day, early stage within two weeks, after seawater is emptying, carry out throwing something and feeding of eel powder material or prawn opening material, the mode of throwing something and feeding for throwing less, diligent throwing; Then, along with the growth of clam worm, strengthen the particle diameter of the bait of throwing something and feeding; At 45 days, increase and carry out throwing something and feeding of No. 0 shrimp material, within 55 days, start to increase the shrimp material of throwing something and feeding No. 1, in the time of 60 days, stop throwing something and feeding of No. 0 shrimp material, what increase No. 2 shrimp material throws something and feeds that (body of clam worm is long mainly to be concentrated between 115mm-150mm, and body segment number mostly crosses hundred until clam worm reaches commercial specification, between 140-170, the increase of body personal attendant body segment number and increasing, and present obvious variation tendency, the average length of body segment is about 0.71mm);
During cultivation, adhere to tours of inspection every day, excavate part earth simultaneously, measure density, the growing state of clam worm and whether reach commercial specification and predict and excavate opportunity; In the last incubation stage, part clam worm has reached commercial specification, strengthens feeding volume, throws something and feeds twice every day, and the filling row of same seawater also increases to twice, or carries out row irrigation at noon, makes to feed intake for twice and all under anhydrous state, carries out; At Summer High-Temperature Times, the seawater increase adding is above and increase the time of seawater in native pond to 40cm, and highdensity Tu Chi, before the megathermal period, once excavates, and reduces the density of culturing pool clam worm; Before rainy season set, can adopt harvest in advance.
During cultivation, enter to arrange seawater and need to remove by filter the harmful organisms such as crab class, snail, fish with 60 mesh sieve thin,tough silk; Summer High-Temperature Times will be noted numerous life of harmful algae, selects to carry out noon numerous life of harmful algae of tanning by the sun to kill Tu Chi top layer of short time;
8) recovery process
Excavate in process, take and gather large individuality as main, grab the head of clam worm as far as possible; Excavated complete Tu Chi the same day, at once water inlet.
Such scheme can be more preferably:
The method of operating of the direct drainage collection seed of described step 7) is: the seawater of the disposable seed rearing process of draining, and in discharge outlet, lay 100 object net cages and collect the young; It is all the operation of band water that the receipts seedling of described step 6) and step 7) are broadcast seedling.
The Tu Chi of described step 6) seed rearing is preferably newly-built or upper season clam worm results Tu Chi comparatively thoroughly.
After the broadcasting seedling and be chosen in the firm draining of Tu Chi of described step 7) and when pond bed mud soil is soft through soaking.
In described step 6), for natural rich water algae kind, be form the benthic diatom class of taupe plate or show as jade-green green alga kind at water body in bottom, pond.
Described indoor cement pit for long * wide * deeply equal the cement pit of 8m * 5m * 1m, described Tu Chi is the length * wide strip pond that equals 25m * 4m.
The invention provides the technique of the numerous foster perinereis aibihitensis Grube of a kind of large-scale artificial, the problems such as perinereis aibihitensis Grube seed supply is not enough, seed supply is subject to seasonal restrictions have been solved, the key technologies such as clam worm fertilization rate, incubation rate (all incubation rate is in 60% left and right) and weed survival rate have been improved, as a kind of technique that is suitable for large area large-scale cultivation perinereis aibihitensis Grube, for carrying out of artificial propagation from now on provides the guarantee of quality and quantity; And for carrying out perinereis aibihitensis Grube large-scale cultivation, to promoting cultivation structural adjustment, increase fisherman income and mariculture industry sustainable development significant.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described further.
Full artificial breeding is supported a technique, comprises the following steps:
1) close silkworm is selected
In clam worm recovery process, select that physique is big and fleshy, color and luster is ruddy, healthy anosis clam worm adult is as close silkworm, the individual specification of close silkworm is 15-25cm, average weight is more than 3g/bar; Mainly in clam worm recovery process, select, save a large amount of human and material resources.
2) close silkworm is cultivated
In the fall the close silkworm selecting is rendered to indoor cement pit (the strip pond of the cubic meter water body that specification is 8m * 5m * 1m), the addition of parent silkworm is according to following standard: according to normally entering every day after draining, be no more than 20 determine the saturation state of the close silkworm in pond for standard according to every pond earth surfaces clam worm; Clam worm 50-75kg is approximately stored up in every pond, and according to the situation of gathering and the clam worm procedure of adaptation of burying, each indoor cement pit divides and within three days, drops into close silkworm; In described indoor cement pit, add and in outdoor native pond, cultivated the silt of perinereis aibihitensis Grube or the earth of newly turning over as substrate, thickness is more than 30cm; One jiao of indoor cement pit is provided with osculum, store up front with filtering sea, soak 48h more than.
3) close silkworm daily management
Autumn, indoor cement pit entered nature seawater over more than earth 30cm noon every day, stopped into water, maintained after 2h, drained seawater; Under anhydrous state, a large amount of close silkworms can get out in the situation that earth looks for food, and illustrate that close silkworm shakes down, and now start to carry out throwing something and feeding of No. 2 material of a small amount of prawn, at dusk each indoor cement pit shrimp bait shrimp bait 0.5-1kg that throws something and feeds; Winter, clam worm food ration significantly reduced when natural temperature reaches 10 ℃, changed 3 days into and threw something and fed once, and when natural temperature reaches 5 ℃ of left and right, clam worm ingests hardly, and the above seawater of disposable interpolation 30cm is passed the winter; To March in spring, recover and same daily management in autumn.
4) artificial regulatory breeding
4.1) suppress heteronereis propagation method: in summer, can find that ripe heteronereis (is an of short duration rapid and irreversible process from common clam worm to heteronereis, because the clam worm most of the time in all one's life all lives in earth, only complete metamorphosis and in the flood tide stage, we can obtain holometabolous heteronereis by fishing for; At indoor culture with cultivate in close silkworm process, can be under anhydrous state, be easy to adopt and catch the clam worm of part in maturation, and its metamorphosis process is had to certain understanding) after water inlet, float on the water surface, if do not needed, produce, rapidly water is drained, only cross water 15min; After this, only cross water once every day, and the time, in 15min, makes that cement pit is capable does not become the water surface; If there is vacant cement pit, abnormal ripe heteronereis can be fished for and put in new cement pit, centralized management.
4.2) regulate and control a large amount of heteronereis propagation methods
When quantity reaches production requirement, the cement pit at heteronereis place can be added to water, the disposable heteronereis of fishing for all maturations, carries out yielding ability breeding.If desired greater amount parent silkworm breeding, can recover water inlet by all cement pits, maintains water body 30cm, fish for the heteronereis moving about in 1h as far as possible, this time period is that maturity is individual preferably, with dredger, fishes for, and puts into clam worm dish, thin sponge shop fixtures, for water suction, reach after need of production quantity, drain rapidly Chi Shui, prevent that heteronereis is stimulated by seawater, natural propagation.
5) artificial nature's method of inseminating
With fresh water, rinse after the earth on heteronereis surface, selecting male and female is positioned over respectively in different pallets, the male and female of take, than carrying out artificial natural insemination as 3:1, are about to close silkworm and put into the floatable plastic crate that leaks (diameter 40cm) simultaneously, and density is no more than 100 close silkworms and is advisable; Clam worm egg laying amount is large, and after 3h, most of close silkworm has completed after breeding, with 300 mesh sieve thin,tough silk, collects after fertilized egg, because clam worm ovum is heavy property, puts into the cone tank hatching of 1t left and right, and hatching density is 10/ml; Water temperature is controlled at 25 degree, continuous charge, after 3 days, hatching is three just joint nectocaetes, after carry out seed rearing.
In the poor area of seawater quality, infusorian amount reproduction can cause embryonic death.Filtered seawater, more than utilizing the clorox 150ppm sterilization 12h that available chlorine is 8-10%, aeration 24h eliminates chlorine residue.Seawater is adjusted to 25 ℃ through cool-heat-exchanger.Temperature adjusting is carried out by air-conditioning in hatching workshop, is controlled at 25 ℃ with water temperature is same.Between the incubation period, do not change water, after 3 days, hatching is three firm joint nectocaetes, and centralized collection enters into the seed rearing stage.
Embryo perinereis aibihitensis Grube is hatched in egg membrane is called three and has just saved nectocaete, and according to developmental morphology variation characteristic, we are divided into three firm joint nectocaetes by three firm joint nectocaetes and have just saved nectocaete 2 stages of late period with three in early days.Three firm joint nectocaetes are early stage: now digestive tract mays be seen indistinctly, but still does not communicate with the external world.There is 1 pair of tentacle projection on the young crown, rely on cilium to move about in water, still can not ingest, rely on Yolk and oily ball in body that energy is provided, the pigment band that head forms start to disconnect, disappear three just joint nectocaetes through 1 day, be developed in early days for 3 just joint nectocaete late periods, late period, the feature of maximum was that pigment band continues to disappear, and eyespot is obvious, not separated.On parapodum number of bristles increase, elongated, increased creeping and moving about ability of the young.The 1st pair of antenna and prostomium tentacle are clear and legible.
6) seed rearing
Three have just saved the nectocaete young in late period carries out follow-up cultivation by then proceeding to Tu Chi at indoor cement pit high density seed rearing, also can directly throw in the pond of burying and cultivate; Indoor cement pit high density seed rearing is mainly to carry out early stage fortification and cultivation by adding the multiple biological feeds such as yeast, chlorella, flat algae, diatom, take water body little, can high density cultivate clam worm seed, output of seedling is large, but exist in management, expends the problems such as a large amount of manpowers, interior space shortage.Three have just saved the young directly throws in into newly-built Tu Chi, Tu Chi is through disinfectant measures such as turning over, tan by the sun, carry out in advance rich water, a large amount of human and material resources have been saved, and the interior space, but uncontrollability is strong, a lot of native ponds seed quantity is uneven, causes the cultivating process of later stage Tu Chi to fill the gaps with seedlings.
The concrete cultivating process of indoor cement pit high density seed is: at 40 side's water body cement pits, add 50cm through the nature seawater of 300 order silk cover filterings, throw in three and just saved 5/ml of the nectocaete young in late period, cultivate water temperature 20 degree left and right, along with the rising of temperature, increase gradually.The open-mouthed bait of throwing something and feeding, take yeast as main, after 3 days, be developed to 4 just joint nectochaeta larvas (now peritroch disappears, digestive tract is completely open-minded, and the young starts to ingest; With 3 just joint nectocaetes compare, its Yolk disappears most of, for gastral open and ingest space is provided; Before the body segment newly increasing is positioned at afterbody cercus, first occur, after body segment indenture, occurring bristle, when increasing bristle, improve gradually the form of parapodum; The now growth of parapodum bristle cannot reach 3 just length of the joint young, illustrates that it changes for adapting to the end life of dwelling), food ration increases, and adds chlorella, and this process adds water to 100cm gradually, adds subsequently flat algae.Be developed to after 6 firm joints, approximately 10 days, and add benthic diatom isoreactivity bait.Observe in time developmental state, according to density, and time-division pond cultivates, and cultivates after 30 days, can emerge successively, drops into Tu Chi and carries out follow-up cultivation.
Three have just saved the direct detailed process of cultivating in the pond of burying of throwing in of the young is: finding in practice the strip pond (4m * 25m) of 100 square metres of outdoor native pond specifications, is to be applicable to the most clam worm daily management and results use.Tu Chi becomes with cement brick indignation, and lower laying black plastic film is excessively dark to prevent that clam worm from boring soil, is unfavorable for gathering of later stage.More than soil pond surrounding exceeds plastic foil 80cm.Before carrying out seed rearing, add nature earth 30-40cm, tan by the sun lime disinfection after adding sea water immersion.Within 7 days, enter in advance 300 mesh sieve thin,tough silk filtering sea 10cm.Algae kind nature rich water in nature seawater, taupe plate is formed on bottom, pond, is the benthic diatom class of natural propagation, and some water bodys show as light green color, are the green alga kind of normal breeding.Under 25 degree incubation conditions, generally hatch 3-4 days, embryonic development to the three just seed in joint nectocaete later stage can directly enter into Tu Chi, and hydrostatic is cultivated;
Seed rearing Tu Chi is preferably newly-built or upper season clam worm results Tu Chi comparatively thoroughly, to prevent from leaving, remains clam worm last year and pollutes soil property, causes seed rearing failure.Because clam worm has the habit of nibbling, as far as possible, in same productions season, avoid same Tu Chi, because seed is rare, repetition secondary is broadcast seedling or fills the gaps with seedlings.
According to water colour and the clam worm situation of ingesting, add in right amount yeast, concentrated chlorella.High temperature season, generally need not additionally add.Between 18-20 degree, within 15 days, be developed to 6 and just saved nectocaete, can carry out lentamente on a small quantity the irrigation and drainage of seawater, now larva has pierced bed mud life.Through within 30-40 days, being developed to 50-70, just save, body length (is being measured after alcohol fixation) between 1-2cm, and now clam worm seed has the habit that floating is moved about, and available dredger is fished for, or direct drainage collection seed.The seed of collecting is placed other without in Miao Tuchi, broadcasts seedling.Dividing seedling density is 1000-1500 bar/square meter.
7) breeding process
After 40 days, the seawater of the disposable seed rearing process of draining, lays 100 object net cages in discharge outlet and collects the young, collection process is noted the speed of discharge water, prevents excessive velocities, and the young is damaged, the seedling of broadcasting of receiving seedling and later stage is all the operation of band water, reduces the damage ratio of clam worm.The seed of collecting is broadcast seedling according to the density of 1000-1500 bar/square meter, broadcasts seedling and is chosen in after the firm draining of Tu Chi, and pond bed mud soil is soft through soaking, and is beneficial to piercing of the clam worm young.After this, produce and enter into cultivating link.
Tu Chi levels: no matter the Tu Chi that broadcasts seedling is newly-built or the old pond of supporting clam worm, before broadcasting seedling, all should level.The process of leveling mainly comprises, the leveling of turning over, drug disinfection etc.The leveling of turning over, thickness requirement 30-40cm be advisable turn over rear beach face rake pine, rake, this process completes throwing seedling for previous month.Drug disinfection, mainly utilizes quicklime or bleaching powder to clean up the pond and kills harmful organisms.After sterilization, add 200 order filtering seas immersions and drain after 2 days, prevent that left drug from damaging seed.
After throwing seedling and putting in a suitable place to breed, should carry out the filling row of seawater every day, the time that seawater retains at Tu Chi to consider to carry out on weather, the same day on season, the same day seawater fill with row time clam worm individuality size and etc. factors.Emptyingly according to number, the developmental state of clam worm quantity in native pond, carry out throwing something and feeding of eel powder or prawn opening material afterwards, the number of the length of Feeding time and quantity is depending on quantity and the developmental process of clam worm seed.This stage is probably at 2 time-of-weeks.Throw something and feed early stage and be advisable with few throwing, diligent throwing, pollute at the bottom of avoiding residual bait to cause pond, cause clam worm seed dead.
Then, along with the growth of clam worm, the increase of bore and the enhancing of ingestion ability, strengthen the particle diameter of the bait of throwing something and feeding.At 45 days, increase and carry out throwing something and feeding of No. 0 shrimp material, within 55 days, starting increases the shrimp material of throwing something and feeding No. 1, in the time of 60 days, stops throwing something and feeding of No. 0 shrimp material, increases throwing something and feeding until clam worm reaches commercial specification of No. 2 shrimp material.Note, the concrete time of each specification will, according to the developmental state of clam worm, generally have to mix and throw something and feed the stage, to allow the clam worm of little individuality can have enough nutrition to ingest, prevent that excessive bait series causes clam worm size differentiation serious fast, have influence on the results in later stage.
Daily management: the management in breeding process, also very crucial for results.During cultivation, adhere to tours of inspection every day (general with bait throwing in and change water process and carry out simultaneously), mainly observe water colour, substrate changes, clam worm has or not dead individual, has or not harmful organisms existence.Excavate part earth simultaneously, measure density, the growing state of clam worm, whether reach commercial specification and predict and excavate opportunity etc.In the last incubation stage, latter about 3 months in hatching general time, part clam worm had reached commercial specification already, strengthen feeding volume, throw something and feed twice every day, the filling row of same seawater also increases to twice, or carry out at noon row irrigation, make to feed intake for twice and all under anhydrous state, carry out.At Summer High-Temperature Times, the seawater increase adding is above and increase the time of seawater in native pond to 40cm, object causes native pond excess Temperature for fear of high temperature, affect the growth of clam worm, note not causing local anoxic to cause clam worm dead simultaneously, highdensity Tu Chi, before the megathermal period, once excavates, and reduces the density of culturing pool clam worm.The appearance in rainy season, causes seawater salinity greatly to reduce, and has a strong impact on the growth of clam worm.Impact for avoiding bringing rainy season, also adopts harvest in advance, carries out indoor low temperature and preserves and temporary foster method.
Disease control: because clam worm itself just belongs to omnivorousness, plankton, organic debris, bacterium etc. mainly ingest, clam worm self just can clean some pollutants in native pond, purify water, the seawater irrigation and drainage of carrying out every day can once be cleaned native pond substrate again, add the ability of clam worm self real tillage, make the disease-free generation of whole breeding process.It should be noted that, entering draining need to be with 60 order silk cover filtering, prevent that the harmful organisms such as some crab classes, snail, fish from growing into harmful animal along with the growth of clam worm, Summer High-Temperature Times to note harmful algae numerous life, can select to carry out noon numerous life of harmful algae of tanning by the sun to kill Tu Chi top layer of short time.
8) recovery process
Gathering of clam worm, mainly utilizes manpower at present, because Hekou Area is many mud substrate, is first that to utilize length and width be all that the clinker rake of 25cm or four fingers rake dig and adopt, and individual gathers clam worm for one day roughly at 15-20kg.
The time of gathering, generally according to order situation, in a planned way carries out, and first avoids bad weather: as blow, rain etc.Because native pond specification is 25m * 4m, general several people cooperate, and excavate since one simultaneously, soon a Tu Chi are excavated complete.Excavate in process, take and gather large individuality as main, grab the head of clam worm as far as possible, avoid its health fracture, cause damage.Excavated complete Tu Chi the same day, water inlet, can rehabilitate other little individual clam worms of depositing the pool at once.
Through actual production checking, according to above-mentioned processing step, when gathering then commodity clam worm autumn, started selecting of close silkworm, then by close silkworm seed, concentrated and cultivate, at 26 40 side's cement pits, store up altogether nearly 1500kg parent silkworm for breeding production, obtain nearly 2000 tails of close silkworm (wherein 600 tails are female) summer in the coming year (July) day, can obtain high quality fertilized egg of scophthatmus and reach 400,000,000, obtains altogether nearly 10,000,000,000 of fertilized egg, just joint trip of hatching three hair larva 6,000,000,000 tails, all incubation rate is in 60% left and right; Enter after Tu Chi cultivation, approximately 400,000,000 tail larvas can finally be cultivated as commodity clam worm, and specification is 400/kg, and 1000 tons of year results clam worms, have obtained higher economic benefit.
Claims (6)
1. the full artificial breeding of perinereis aibihitensis Grube is supported a technique, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) close silkworm is selected
In clam worm recovery process, select that physique is big and fleshy, color and luster is ruddy, healthy anosis clam worm adult is as close silkworm, the individual specification of close silkworm is 15-25cm, average weight is more than 3g/bar;
2) close silkworm is cultivated
In the fall the close silkworm selecting is rendered to indoor cement pit, the addition of close silkworm is according to following standard: according to normally entering every day after draining, be no more than 20 determine the saturation state of pond parent silkworm for standard according to every pond earth surfaces clam worm; In described indoor cement pit, add and in outdoor native pond, cultivated the silt of perinereis aibihitensis Grube or the earth of newly turning over as substrate, thickness is more than 30cm; One jiao of indoor cement pit is provided with osculum, store up front with filtering sea, soak 48h more than;
3) close silkworm daily management
Autumn, indoor cement pit entered nature seawater over more than earth 30cm noon every day, stopped into water, maintained after 2h, drained seawater; Each indoor cement pit shrimp bait of throwing something and feeding at dusk; When natural temperature reaches 10 ℃, change 3 days into and throw something and feed once winter; When natural temperature reaches 5 ℃, the above seawater of disposable interpolation 30cm is passed the winter; After next spring, recover and same daily management in autumn;
4) artificial regulatory breeding
In summer, can find that ripe heteronereis floats on the water surface after water inlet, if do not needed, produce, rapidly water be drained, only cross water 15min; After this, only cross water once every day, and the time, in 15min, makes cement pit can not form the water surface; If there is vacant cement pit, abnormal ripe heteronereis can be fished for and put in new cement pit, centralized management; When if desired a large amount of close silkworms breed, recover water inlet, maintain water body 30cm, the heteronereis moving about in 1h is that maturity is individual preferably, puts into clam worm dish after fishing for, and thin sponge shop fixtures, for water suction, reaches after need of production quantity, carries out rapidly artificial breeding;
5) artificial nature's method of inseminating
With fresh water, rinse after the earth on heteronereis surface, select respectively male and female heteronereis, the male and female of take are than carrying out artificial natural insemination as 3:1, be specially close silkworm is put into the floatable plastic crate that leaks simultaneously, after 3h, bolting silk is collected after fertilized egg, put into cone tank hatching, hatching density is 10/ml; Water temperature is controlled at 25 degree, continuous charge, after 3 days, hatching is early stage three just joint nectocaetes, early stage three just joint nectocaetes through 1 day, be developed to three and just after the joint nectocaete young in late period, carried out seed rearing;
6) seed rearing
Three have just saved the nectocaete young in late period by cultivating at indoor cement pit high density seed rearing or the direct pond of burying of throwing in;
The three indoor cement pit high density seed rearing processes that just saved the nectocaete young in late period are: at indoor cement pit, add the nature seawater through 300 order silk cover filterings, having added rear water depth is 50cm; Throw in three and just saved 5/ml of the nectocaete young in late period, cultivate water temperature 20 degree; The open-mouthed bait of throwing something and feeding, take yeast as main, be developed to 4 just after joint nectochaeta larvas bait add chlorella; Add water to gradually 100cm, bait adds flat algae subsequently simultaneously; When being developed to six, just saved, bait adds benthic diatom, observes in time developmental state, and cultivates according to density and time-division pond; When total cultivation reached after 30 days, can emerge successively;
Three have just saved the direct process of cultivating in the pond of burying of throwing in of the nectocaete young in late period is: Tu Chi becomes with cement brick indignation, and lower laying black plastic film, more than native pond surrounding exceeds plastic foil 80cm; Before carrying out seed rearing, add nature earth 30-40cm, tan by the sun after adding sea water immersion, and with lime disinfection; Within 7 days, enter in advance 300 mesh sieve thin,tough silk filtering sea 10cm, the algae kind nature rich water in nature seawater; Then the three seedling bodies that just saved nectocaete are directly put into Tu Chi, and hydrostatic is cultivated; According to water colour and the clam worm situation of ingesting, add in right amount yeast, concentrated chlorella; Maintain the temperature between 18-20 degree, within 15 days, be developed to six and just saved after nectocaete, can carry out lentamente on a small quantity the irrigation and drainage of seawater; Then through within 30-40 days, being developed to 50-70, just save, body length is between 1-2cm, and now available dredger is fished for or direct drainage collection seed;
7) breeding process
The seed of collecting is placed other without in Miao Tuchi, broadcasts seedling; Dividing seedling density is 1000-1500 bar/square meter; Broadcast the Tu Chi of seedling before broadcasting seedling, all should level, the process of leveling mainly comprises: the leveling of turning over, drug disinfection; The rear required thickness 30-40cm of the leveling of turning over, the rear beach face of turning over is harrowed pine, is raked, and this process completes at throwing seedling for previous month; Drug disinfection is to utilize quicklime or bleaching powder to clean up the pond, and in sterilization after-bay, adds 200 mesh sieve thin,tough silk filtering seas, soaks after 2 days and drains;
After throwing seedling and putting in a suitable place to breed, should carry out the filling row of seawater every day, early stage within two weeks, after seawater is emptying, carry out throwing something and feeding of eel powder material or prawn opening material, the mode of throwing something and feeding for throwing less, diligent throwing; Then, along with the growth of clam worm, strengthen the particle diameter of the bait of throwing something and feeding; At 45 days, increase and carry out throwing something and feeding of No. 0 shrimp material, within 55 days, starting increases the shrimp material of throwing something and feeding No. 1, in the time of 60 days, stops throwing something and feeding of No. 0 shrimp material, increases throwing something and feeding until clam worm reaches commercial specification of No. 2 shrimp material;
During cultivation, adhere to tours of inspection every day, excavate part earth simultaneously, measure density, the growing state of clam worm and whether reach commercial specification and predict and excavate opportunity; In the last incubation stage, part clam worm has reached commercial specification, strengthens feeding volume, throws something and feeds twice every day, and the filling row of same seawater also increases to twice, or carries out row irrigation at noon, makes to feed intake for twice and all under anhydrous state, carries out; At Summer High-Temperature Times, increase the seawater of interpolation to more than 40cm, and extend the time of seawater in native pond, highdensity Tu Chi, before the megathermal period, once excavates, and reduces the density of culturing pool clam worm; Before rainy season set, can adopt harvest in advance;
During cultivation, enter to arrange seawater and need to remove by filter the harmful organisms such as crab class, snail, fish with 60 mesh sieve thin,tough silk; Summer High-Temperature Times will be noted numerous life of harmful algae, selects to carry out noon numerous life of harmful algae of tanning by the sun to kill Tu Chi top layer of short time;
8) recovery process
Excavate in process, take and gather large individuality as main, grab the head of clam worm as far as possible; Excavated complete Tu Chi the same day, at once water inlet.
2. the full artificial breeding of perinereis aibihitensis Grube according to claim 1 is supported technique, it is characterized in that, the method of operating of the direct drainage collection seed of described step 7) is: the seawater of the disposable seed rearing process of draining, and in discharge outlet, lay 100 object net cages and collect the young; It is all the operation of band water that the receipts seedling of described step 6) and step 7) are broadcast seedling.
3. the full artificial breeding of perinereis aibihitensis Grube according to claim 1 is supported technique, it is characterized in that, the Tu Chi of described step 6) seed rearing is preferably newly-built or upper season clam worm results Tu Chi comparatively thoroughly.
4. the full artificial breeding of perinereis aibihitensis Grube according to claim 1 is supported technique, it is characterized in that, after the broadcasting seedling and be chosen in the firm draining of Tu Chi of described step 7) and when pond bed mud soil is soft through soaking.
5. the full artificial breeding of perinereis aibihitensis Grube according to claim 1 is supported technique, it is characterized in that, and in described step 6), for natural rich water algae kind, be form the benthic diatom class of taupe plate or show as jade-green green alga kind at water body in bottom, pond.
6. according to the arbitrary described full artificial breeding of perinereis aibihitensis Grube of claim 1-5, support technique, it is characterized in that, described indoor cement pit for long * wide * deeply equal the cement pit of 8m * 5m * 1m, described Tu Chi is the length * wide strip pond that equals 25m * 4m.
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