CN100493347C

CN100493347C - Method for breeding graded offsprings of blue clams

Info

Publication number: CN100493347C
Application number: CNB2006100279246A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周凯; 王慧; 么宗利; 来琦芳
Original assignee: East China Sea Fishery Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
Current assignee: East China Sea Fishery Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
Priority date: 2006-06-21
Filing date: 2006-06-21
Publication date: 2009-06-03
Anticipated expiration: 2026-06-21
Also published as: CN101091454A

Abstract

The present invention relates to a stage cultivation method of clam juvenile mollusks. It is characterized by that said invention adopts three-stage cultivating pond to make cultivation of clam juvenile mollusks. The juvenile mollusks whose specification is 1000-2000 ten thousand/kg can be uniformly placed in first cultivating pond, its breeding density is 10-20 ten thousand/sq.m, when the clam juvenile mollusk shell length is grown to 0.3-0.4cm and its specification is reached to 5-10 ten thousand/kg, the clam juvenile mollusks can be moved into second cultivating pond, its breeding density is 2-5 ten thousand/sq.m, and when the juvenile mollusk specification is reached to 1-2 ten thousand/kg, the clam juvenile mollusks can be moved into third cultivating pond, its breeding density is 3000-5000/sq.m. When the juvenile mollusk specification is reached to 1000-2000/kg, the large specification clam juvenile mollusks can be cultivated. The invented method can be used for clam cultivation.

Description

Method for breeding graded offsprings of blue clams

Technical field

The present invention relates to aquaculture, especially the breeding method of offsprings of blue clams.

Background technology

Clam is one of coastal intertidal shellfish breed variety of China, the seed rearing mode is generally taked directly two water pipe juvenile mollusks to be thrown to broadcast in tidal land or the pond, rely on the fertilising and the tide of receiving to cultivate, because juvenile mollusk is extremely young tender, type of rearing is extremely strong to the natural conditions dependence, it is low finally to show as clam juvenile mollusk survival rate, and seed produces unstable, thereby has restricted the development of clam aquaculture.

Summary of the invention

It is low that the present invention solves clam juvenile mollusk survival rate, causes seed production problem of unstable.

The specification that this method adopts indoors artificial to cultivate is single water pipe or the two water pipe clam juvenile mollusk of ten thousand/kg of 1000-2000, it is characterized in that the clam juvenile mollusk cultivates ponds with three grades and cultivate, lay through 80 mesh sieve thin,tough silk at the bottom of the dark 0.8m in pond in one-level cultivation pond, the pond and filter, tan by the sun the bed mud of processing, cultivate the top, pond and establish the moveable-sunshade net; It is Tu Chi, the dark 0.8m in pond that secondary is cultivated the pond, bed mud through turn over, harrow pine, sterilize, tan by the sun, putting seedling before through sea water immersion; Cultivate the dark 1.0m in pond for three grades, bed mud through turn over, harrow pine, sterilize, tan by the sun, putting seedling before with sea water immersion, dig circular groove at the bottom of the pond, the beach face bedding, the wide 2-3m of furrow, both sides are dug the ditch and are communicated with circular groove; One-level, secondary, three grades of cultivation every 2m in pond ²Arrange 1 gas blow head of 100-120 number, cultivate periphery, the pond ethene net of crowding around; One-level is cultivated 20 ℃-32 ℃ of pond water temperatures, salinity 15-32 ‰, pH8.0-8.6, and change water once with bait Chi Shui every day; Secondary is cultivated 0 ℃-20 ℃ of pond water temperatures, salinity 15-32 ‰, pH8.0-8.6, and change water once with bait Chi Shui every day, and temperature reduces, and changes water weekly once, changes water on a small quantity and keep water level when water temperature is below 10 ℃; Cultivate 20 ℃-30 ℃ of pond water temperatures, salinity 10-32 ‰, pH8.0-8.6 for three grades, change water according to the water quality situation, each quantity of exchanged water 30-40% thoroughly changes water once during every month spring tide; When cultivating the ponds water inlet, one-level, secondary, three grades pass through screen filtration; The single water pipe of the ten thousand/kg of 1000-2000 that indoors artificial is cultivated or two water pipe juvenile mollusk band water are pressed ten thousand/m of breeding density 10-20 ²Evenly put into one-level and cultivate the pond, clam juvenile mollusk shell length is grown to 0.3-0.4cm, when specification reaches ten thousand/kg of 5-10, with the cleaning of clam juvenile mollusk, stepping, by ten thousand/m of density 2-5 ²Move into secondary and cultivate the pond, the juvenile mollusk shell reaches 0.5cm, and specification reaches ten thousand/kg of 1-2 by density 3000-5000 grain/m ²Move into three grades and cultivate the pond; The juvenile mollusk specification becomes big specification offsprings of blue clams when reaching 1000-2000 grain/kg.

The present invention at the different phase of clam juvenile mollusk growth, adopts relative measures because the clam juvenile mollusk is cultivated the method that adopts three grades of cultivations, has accelerated the growth rate of juvenile mollusk, has improved the survival rate of juvenile mollusk, has stablized seed production; The present invention cultivates into the large size seedling seed of 1000-2000 grain/kg with ten thousand/kg of specification 1000-2000 juvenile mollusk, and survival rate reaches more than 70%.

Embodiment

Clam juvenile mollusk one-level is cultivated the pond and is adopted outdoor cement pit or Tu Chi, and the cement pit area is with 50～60m ²Be advisable, cement pit is provided with the intake-discharge pipe road, and the drainage width is advisable with 100cm, is convenient to collect seedling and uses; The soil pool area is with 100m ²Be advisable shop plastic film at the bottom of the pond; One-level is cultivated the dark 0.8m in pond, lays bed mud thickness 3-5cm, and bed mud needs to filter through 80 mesh sieve thin,tough silk, tans by the sun processing; The setting height(from bottom) 1.5m that one-level is cultivated top, pond moveable-sunshade net is advisable, and avoids the strong illumination at noon; One-level is cultivated the every 2m in pond ²Arrange 1 gas blow head of 100-120 number;

The clam juvenile mollusk is cultivated the pond and is adopted unicellular alga to cultivate Chi Shui, algae is cultivated pool area and is generally 5-10 times that cultivates the pond, unicellular alga is cultivated according to water quality and algae and cultivates situation every fertilising in 5-7 days once, when beginning rich water, chicken manure that 100ppm ferments or the urea of 2-4ppm can be executed in the soil pond, and cement pit is to execute urea;

The single water pipe of ten thousand/kg of 1000-2000 or two water pipe juvenile mollusk band water that indoors artificial is cultivated are evenly thrown in one-level cultivation pond, and juvenile mollusk breeding density is generally ten thousand/m of 10-20 ²The condition of water quality that one-level is cultivated the pond is 20 ℃-32 ℃ of water temperatures, salinity 15-32 ‰, pH8.0-8.6;

The cultivation of juvenile mollusk one-level is carried out bait throwing in according to the water colour of cultivating the pond and is changed the additional algae of water, sooner or later thoroughly change water once with bait Chi Shui every day, not only guarantee enough bait but also the excreta of shellfish self can be discharged as far as possible, use 200 purpose bolting silk mesh bags to filter during water inlet, prevent that harmful organisms from entering, change and throw in 1ppm-3ppm terramycin or Ciprofloxacin behind the water; Pond water continuous charge makes Chi Shui keep sufficient dissolved oxygen; Impaling with plastic film around the Tu Chi, is 30-40cm highly, prevents that the crab class from climbing into, at the juvenile mollusk cultivation period, gently sweep the pond with bamboo broom at the bottom of, the algae of mixing that avoids growing nonparasitically upon another plant, and in time dragging for except that the moss pest; The clam juvenile mollusk is by individual month cultivation of 2-3, and shell length is grown to about 0.3-0.4cm, when specification reaches ten thousand/kg of 5-10, carries out the branch seedling, with sieve cleaning, the stepping of clam juvenile mollusk with different size, enters secondary and cultivates;

The juvenile mollusk secondary is cultivated the pond and is advisable with Tu Chi, cultivates the general 0.5-1 mu of pool area, and it is basic identical that facility and one-level are cultivated the pond, but need not to install the sunshade net, and bed mud needs can use with sea water immersion before putting seedling through turning over, harrow pine, sterilize, tanning by the sun; The juvenile mollusk secondary is cultivated 0 ℃-20 ℃ of pond water temperatures, salinity 15-32 ‰, pH8.0-8.6; Juvenile mollusk is cultivated density with ten thousand/m of 2-5 ²Be advisable; Thoroughly change water once with bait Chi Shui every day, not only guarantees enough bait but also the excreta of shellfish self can be discharged fully, uses 120 purpose bolting silk mesh bags to filter when changing water, and fine day can be done and reveal one hour, along with the reduction of temperature, changes water weekly once; Impaling with plastic film around the pond, highly is 30-40cm; Regularly drag for except that the moss pest with rake; By overwintering culture, in March, second, clam juvenile mollusk shell length can reach more than the 0.5cm, and specification reaches ten thousand/kg of 1-2, and the clam seedling is carried out the branch seedling with sieve, moves into three grades of cultivation ponds and cultivates;

Juvenile mollusk is cultivated pond soil pool area for three grades and is generally 5-6 mu, dark 1.0m, cultivation periphery, pond is enclosed bamboo pole and is supported 40 order polythene nets, dig circular groove at the bottom of the pond, the beach face bedding, the wide 2-3m of furrow, both sides are dug the ditch and are communicated with circular groove, it is identical that the processing method of substrate and secondary are cultivated the pond, evenly splash with 50kg quicklime for every mu, during water inlet by 60-80 purpose screen filtration, avoid harmful organisms to enter, again with the sterilization of 1-2ppm bleaching powder, broadcast the basic biological feed of the preceding cultivation of seedling after the water inlet, execute fertilizer or the 5kg urea that 30-50kg ferments for every mu, promote algal grown, make transparency reach 30-40cm; Cultivate 20 ℃-30 ℃ of pond water temperatures, salinity 10-32 ‰, pH8.0-8.6 for three grades; Throw in the cultivation density 3000-5000 grain/m of the clam juvenile mollusk of ten thousand/kg of 1-2 ²According to culture pond water quality, each quantity of exchanged water 30-40% thoroughly changes water once during every month spring tide; Cultivate ponds for three grades and before putting seedling, adopts medicine or artificial method to remove crab class, snail, weeds harmful organisms, put draining regularly behind the seedling, removing fish, shrimp, crab, snail harmful organisms, and in time drag for except that Enteromorpha, water cloud; Cultivate the pond for three grades and adopt C5H6Br2N2O2, bleaching powder disinfectant or the antibiotic of splashing to carry out water body disinfection, prevent disease takes place; When clam juvenile mollusk specification reaches 1000-2000 grain/kg, can be used as large size seedling seed and be used for the commodity clam and culture.

Claims

1. method for breeding graded offsprings of blue clams, the specification that adopts indoors artificial to cultivate is single water pipe or the two water pipe clam juvenile mollusk of ten thousand/kg of 1000-2000, it is characterized in that the clam juvenile mollusk cultivates ponds with three grades and cultivate, one-level is laid through the filtration of 80 mesh sieve thin,tough silk at the bottom of cultivating the dark 0.8m of Chi Chi, pond, is tanned by the sun the bed mud of processing, and cultivating the top, pond has the moveable-sunshade net; It is Tu Chi, the dark 0.8m in pond that secondary is cultivated the pond, bed mud through turn over, harrow pine, sterilize, tan by the sun, putting seedling before through sea water immersion; Cultivate the dark 1.0m in pond for three grades, bed mud through turn over, harrow pine, sterilize, tan by the sun, putting seedling before with sea water immersion, dig circular groove at the bottom of the pond, the beach face bedding, the wide 2-3m of furrow, both sides are dug the ditch and are communicated with circular groove; One-level, secondary, three grades of cultivation every 2m in pond ²Arrange 1 gas blow head of 100-120 number, cultivate pond outer periphery polythene net; One-level is cultivated 20 ℃-32 ℃ of pond water temperatures, salinity 15-32 ‰, pH8.0-8.6, and change water once with bait Chi Shui every day sooner or later; Secondary is cultivated 0 ℃-20 ℃ of pond water temperatures, salinity 15-32 ‰, pH8.0-8.6, and change water once with bait Chi Shui early stage every day, with the reduction of temperature, changes water weekly once, changes water when water temperature is below 10 ℃ on a small quantity, keeps water level; Cultivate 20 ℃-30 ℃ of pond water temperatures, salinity 10-32 ‰, pH8.0-8.6 for three grades, each quantity of exchanged water 30-40% thoroughly changes water once during every month spring tide; When cultivating the ponds water inlet, one-level, secondary, three grades pass through screen filtration; The single water pipe of ten thousand/kg of 1000-2000 or two water pipe juvenile mollusk band water that indoors artificial is cultivated are pressed ten thousand/m of breeding density 10-20 ²Evenly put into one-level and cultivate the pond, clam juvenile mollusk shell length is grown to 0.3-0.4cm, when specification reaches ten thousand/kg of 5-10, with the cleaning of clam juvenile mollusk, stepping, by ten thousand/m of density 2-5 ²Move into secondary and cultivate the pond, the juvenile mollusk shell reaches 0.5cm, and specification reaches ten thousand/kg of 1-2 by density 3000-5000 grain/m ²Move into three grades and cultivate the pond; The juvenile mollusk specification becomes big specification offsprings of blue clams when reaching 1000-2000 grain/kg.

2. method for breeding graded offsprings of blue clams according to claim 1 is characterized in that one-level cultivation pond laying bed mud thickness 3-5cm.

3. method for breeding graded offsprings of blue clams according to claim 1, it is characterized in that using 200 purpose bolting silk mesh bags to filter when one-level is cultivated the pond water inlet, secondary is cultivated when water is changed in the pond and is used 120 purpose bolting silk mesh bags to filter, and cultivates for three grades and passes through 60-80 purpose screen filtration when the pond intakes.

4. according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described method for breeding graded offsprings of blue clams, it is characterized in that cultivating for three grades and remove crab class, snail, weeds before seedling is put in ponds, put seedling after draining regularly remove fish, shrimp, crab, snail harmful organisms.

5. according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described method for breeding graded offsprings of blue clams, it is characterized in that cultivating the pond for three grades adopts C5H6Br2N2O2, bleaching powder disinfectant or the antibiotic of splashing to carry out water body disinfection.

6. according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described method for breeding graded offsprings of blue clams, it is characterized in that one-level cultivation pond employing cement pit, cement pit is provided with the intake-discharge pipe road, drainage width 100cm.