CN110999835A - Ecological breeding method for improving river crab yield - Google Patents
Ecological breeding method for improving river crab yield Download PDFInfo
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- CN110999835A CN110999835A CN201911348096.XA CN201911348096A CN110999835A CN 110999835 A CN110999835 A CN 110999835A CN 201911348096 A CN201911348096 A CN 201911348096A CN 110999835 A CN110999835 A CN 110999835A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/51—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of gastropods, e.g. abalones or turban snails
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
Abstract
An ecological breeding method for improving the yield of river crabs comprises the following steps: (1) pretreating a pond; (2) planting aquatic weeds; (3) preparing before stocking; (4) stocking crabs and snails; (5) and (5) management measures are taken. Aiming at the problems existing in the production practice that the stocking of the snails is too early, the quantity of the water plants stored in the pond is difficult to control, the water purifying effect of the micro-ecological preparation is poor, the loss of the oral administration medicine is serious and the like in the production process, the invention improves the existing river crab breeding method so as to improve the effects of water plant maintenance, water quality regulation and control and disease control in the river crab breeding process and improve the yield and the breeding benefit of the river crabs.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to an ecological breeding method for improving the yield of river crabs.
Background
The river crab (Eriocheirsinensis H.Milne-Edwards) is known as Eriocheir sinensis and is an important breeding variety in the fresh water aquaculture industry in China. In recent years, the river crab breeding industry in China develops rapidly, the annual output exceeds 81.2 million tons, the river crab breeding industry becomes the post industry in many places, and great contribution is made to the development of agriculture and the income increase of farmers.
Although the river crab culture scale is continuously enlarged in China and the culture technology is continuously refined, the following problems exist in the culture process: (1) farmers generally choose to put snails in 2-3 months, at the moment, the water temperature of the pond is low, plankton grows slowly, the transparency of the snails is easy to reduce due to strong water filtering capacity, and fertilizers need to be applied for fertilizing water for many times, so that the fertilizer cost is increased, and the moss is easy to proliferate in large quantity; (2) in high-temperature seasons, due to the influence of factors such as water temperature rise, nutrient accumulation in the pond and the like, the pond storage amount of water plants is excessive, the risks of oxygen deficiency and water quality deterioration of river crabs are increased, and a large amount of financial resources and energy are consumed for fishing; (3) generally, the microbial preparation is directly splashed into a pond to regulate and control water quality, however, as the beneficial microbes need higher carbon-nitrogen ratio when decomposing organic matters, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio in a culture water body is lower when the compound feed or the iced fresh fish is fed, the effect of improving the water quality by the microbial preparation is poorer due to the direct splashing; (4) when the oral medicine is used, the oral medicine is mixed with compound feed and fed to river crab, and part of the oral medicine is easy to disperse in water after entering water, so that the effect of preventing and treating diseases is weakened. Therefore, how to improve the existing river crab culture method aiming at the problems, improve the effects of aquatic plant maintenance, water quality control and disease control in the culture process and improve the yield and culture benefits of river crabs becomes a problem which needs to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The invention aims to solve the defects, provides an ecological breeding method for improving the yield of river crabs, solves the problems of spiral shell stocking, aquatic plant maintenance, microecological preparation, oral administration and the like in the existing river crab breeding process, improves the breeding environment by improving the breeding method, and promotes the improvement of the yield per unit area and the breeding benefit of the river crabs.
(II) technical scheme
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme for realizing the aim: an ecological breeding method for improving the yield of river crabs comprises the following steps:
(1) pond pretreatment
After the water products in the river crab culture pond are harvested, draining the pond water, removing aquatic plants and excessive sludge, and keeping the thickness of bottom sludge to be 10-15 cm; exposing the bottom mud under sunlight for at least 20 days, preferably cracking the bottom mud; arranging a waterweed protection area and a temporary river crab culture area in the culture pond, erecting 1 circle of fence at a position 1-2m away from the inner side of the circular trench, embedding plywood in the fence, and cracking the plywood after soaking in water, so that the river crabs can climb, inhabit and take food and attached organisms to breed; in the middle ten days of 2 months, 10-20cm of water is injected into the pond, 50-75 kg/mu of quicklime or 6-8 kg/mu of bleaching powder is sprinkled in the whole pond for disinfection, 10-20cm of water is added after 1 week, and 100 kg/mu of fertilizer water of the disinfected organic fertilizer is applied;
(2) planting of aquatic weeds
Planting the waterweeds in the ring ditches and the fences at the bottom of 2 months, taking 15-20 waterweeds as a group, wrapping mud and putting into the bottom of the pool or cutting into bottom mud by using an iron fork, wherein the space is 2-3 m; planting hydrilla verticillata and eel grass in the fence in 3-4 months, wherein the planting method of the hydrilla verticillata is the same as that of the elodea nutans, the eel grass is directly sown, and the biomass of the eel grass is controlled in a dibbling mode during sowing;
(3) preparation before stocking
Feeding water to 50-60cm 10 days before breeding the crabs, splashing 30-40kg of tea dregs per mu in the whole pool to remove enemy organisms such as wild trash fishes, tadpoles and the like;
(4) stocking crabs and snails
And (4) crab smashing: stocking outside the fence from 3 middle ten days to 4 last days, wherein the specification is 160/kg for 120 plus materials, and the stocking density is 1500/mu for 1000 plus materials;
snail: in the last ten days of 5 months, the water temperature gradually rises, the transparency of the culture water body is gradually stabilized, and at the moment, 500 kg/mu of the snails put in the pond can not only provide food resources for the river crabs, but also be beneficial to regulating and controlling the water quality;
(5) management measures
Removing the fence: removing the fence when the aquatic weeds grow to about 10cm in the last ten days of 6 months;
adding water into the pond: adding water 10-15cm every 15 days from 7 months to keep the water level 1-1.2m in last ten days of 9 months;
feeding baits: different feeding modes are selected according to different stages of the growth and development of the river crabs. In the early stage, the iced fresh fish is taken as the main material, and a small amount of compound feed and plant bait are taken as auxiliary materials; feeding special compound feed or plant bait with crude protein content of 38-40% for river crab after the middle water temperature is higher than 25 deg.C; 8, adding iced fresh fish at the bottom of a month to promote fat weight increase; at the end of 9 months, vegetable baits such as corn, pumpkin and the like are added to improve the color of the crab cream;
oxygenation in the pond: starting an aerator at 0:00-6:00 and 14:00-16:00 every day to increase oxygen, and correspondingly prolonging the oxygen increasing time in cloudy days and foggy days;
managing aquatic weeds: keeping the area of the aquatic weeds accounting for 50-60% of the area of the pond, and keeping the area of the aquatic weeds higher than 60% to easily cause the oxygen deficiency of the river crabs;
water quality regulation and control: changing water according to water quality, wherein water is changed for 1 time per week, water is changed for 10-20cm each time, water changing time can be properly shortened in summer, and water changing is performed early in the morning or evening; applying 5-10 kg/mu of quicklime for 1-2 times per month to keep the transparency of the pond at 30-40cm, and adding 1 kg/mu of EM (effective microorganism) stock solution after 1 week;
disease control: respectively using zinc sulfate to re-compound 200 + 300 g/mu in late 4 th and middle 9 th months for killing ciliates for 1 time; garlicin or Chinese herbal medicine bait is taken irregularly and is fed for about 1 week continuously.
As a further optimization of the scheme, the river crab culture pond in the step (1) requires sufficient illumination and clean water source, and is provided with an independent water inlet and outlet system, the bottom material is preferably hard and slightly alkaline clay loam, the pond ridge is watertight, and the electric power and oxygen increasing facilities normally operate.
As a further optimization of the scheme, in the step (1), the fence is a polyethylene mesh sheet with a calcium-plastic plate mounted on the upper edge, the calcium-plastic plate is arranged on the outer side of the fence, the height of the fence is 40-50cm, the fence is buried at the bottom of the pool by 20-30cm, and the fence is slightly inclined outwards.
As a further optimization of the scheme, in the step (1), the length of the plywood is 100-120cm, the width of the plywood is 20-40cm, the plywood is longitudinally distributed in the east and west directions in the fence, the interval between the plywood is 1m, the interval between the longitudinal rows is 2m, and the plywood is buried in the bottom of the pool by 20 cm.
As a further optimization of the scheme, when water enters in the step (1), the water is filtered by using an 80-mesh bag with the length of 1.5m and the width of 30 cm.
As a further optimization of the scheme, when the tea seed cake is used for removing impurities in the step (3), 50kg of tea seed cake and 1kg of salt are uniformly mixed, soaked overnight and added into the pond according to the amount.
As a further optimization of the scheme, before the juvenile crabs are put into the breeding in the step (4), individuals with complete appendages, clear crab bodies, lively actions and regular specifications are selected and soaked in 5% saline solution for 5-10min or 3% povidone-iodine soluble powder 500 times of diluent for 10-15 min.
As a further optimization of the scheme, in the step (5), proper amount of multivitamins and mineral substances are added into the compound feed at the early stage of bait feeding to promote river crab shelling.
As a further optimization of the scheme, in the step (5), the bait is fed for 2 times every day, the feeding amount is 5-8% of the total weight of the pond crabs, 30% of the feeding amount on the morning feeding day and 70% of the feeding amount on the afternoon feeding day, and the bait is adjusted at any time according to the weather, the season, the growth of the river crabs and the water quality condition.
As a further optimization of the scheme, the aerator in the river crab shelling peak period in the step (5) needs to be started all day long.
As a further optimization of the scheme, in the water quality regulation and control process in the step (5), in order to avoid the pH value of the pond from being too high in high temperature seasons in summer, the quick lime is changed into chlorine dioxide and calcium gluconate, and the addition amount of the chlorine dioxide and the calcium gluconate is 1 kg.
As a further optimization of the scheme, before the EM stock solution is added in the step (5), the weighed EM stock solution and the same amount of wheat bran are mixed, then water is added for dilution, and the mixture is placed in a container for aeration overnight.
As a further optimization of the scheme, the allicin or the Chinese herbal medicine bait used for oral administration in the step (5) is prepared by mixing 10g of allicin or Chinese herbal medicine powder with 1kg of flour, adding water and preparing into granules, wherein the feeding amount is 10% of the feeding amount of the compound feed on the same day.
As a further optimization of the scheme, in the step (5), whether the escape-proof facilities and the pool ridges are damaged or leaked needs to be regularly checked during daily management, and enemy organisms such as frogs, rats and snakes need to be killed in time.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides an ecological breeding method for improving the yield of river crabs, which has the following advantages:
(1) the method is simple and convenient, is easy to implement, does not need to increase professional equipment, can improve the utilization efficiency of resources and reduce the culture pollution, can improve the yield per unit area and the culture benefit of the river crabs, and effectively promotes the healthy development of the river crab culture industry.
(2) According to the biological and culture ecological characteristics of river crabs, snails, aquatic plants and bait organisms, the hot technology of aquaculture research is combined, the algal clump brush system and the biological flocculation technology are constructed by utilizing the matrix, and the operations of aquatic plant planting, snail stocking, microecological preparation addition, internal medicine application and the like in the conventional river crab culture process are improved, so that the economic benefit and the ecological benefit of river crab culture are improved. In the invention, the plywood (the plywood is separated into bundles after being soaked, and the surface area is increased) is utilized to construct the algae cluster brush system to replace part of waterweeds, and better oxygen supply and water quality conditions can be provided for river crabs based on the photosynthesis of attached algae and higher water purification efficiency than the waterweeds; the wood board can scrape and grind the shell of the river crab while providing a place for the river crab to perch and avoid, and is beneficial to the clear color of the shell of the river crab. The time for stocking the snails is prolonged from 2-3 months to 5 months, so that the risk of increasing water transparency and moss outbreak caused by the snails fed with filter food can be effectively avoided. And mixing the EM bacteria stock solution with wheat bran, aerating overnight, and utilizing a biological floc technology to provide an attachment matrix for the propagation of beneficial microorganisms on the one hand and provide a sufficient carbon source for decomposing organic matters of the beneficial microorganisms on the other hand, so that the mineralization efficiency of the microorganisms is improved. The garlicin or the Chinese herbal medicine preparation for oral administration is mixed with flour and then added with water to prepare granules, so that the medicine loss caused by the feeding of the mixture of the compound feed and the oral medicine can be effectively avoided, and the dosage of the oral medicine for river crab ingestion is ensured. The improved river crab ecological breeding method is more successful by practice in partial areas, and provides great thrust for the healthy development of river crab breeding industry in China and the increase of both production and income of farmers.
Detailed Description
An ecological breeding method for improving the yield of river crabs comprises the following steps:
(1) pond pretreatment
The area of the pond is 3.3 mu, the width of the circular ditch is 1.5m, and the depth is 50 cm. The pond has sufficient illumination, clean water source, independent water inlet and outlet systems, the thickness of bottom mud is 10-15cm, and the pond ridge is watertight. And (4) after the pond water is emptied in the first 11 months, removing waterweeds and sludge, and exposing the pond bottom mud to the bottom of 12 months in the sun, so that the pond bottom mud is whitened and cracked. The cultivation pond is divided into a waterweed protection area and a river crab temporary cultivation area by using a polyethylene net piece with a calcium-plastic plate arranged on the upper edge as a fence, the fence is erected at a position 2m inside the circular trench, is 40-50cm high, is buried at the bottom of the pond by 30cm and is slightly inclined outwards. Wooden rods are used as wooden piles, 1 wooden rod is embedded every 2-3m, and the fence and the wooden piles are fixed by iron wires. Plywood with the length of 100cm and the width of 20cm is embedded in the fence and is longitudinally distributed in the east and west directions, the interval between every two plywood is 1m, the interval between every two longitudinal rows is 2m, and the plywood is embedded in the bottom of the pool by 20 cm. In the middle ten days of 2 months, 10-20cm of water is filled into the pond, and an 80-mesh net bag with the length of 1.5m and the width of 30cm is used for filtering during water filling. 65 kg/mu of quicklime is sprinkled in the whole pool for disinfection, 10-20cm of water is added after 1 week, and 80 kg/mu of fertilizer water of the disinfected organic fertilizer is applied.
(2) Planting of aquatic weeds
And (3) planting the waterweeds in the ring ditches and the fences at the bottom of 2 months, taking 15-20 waterweeds as a group, wrapping mud and putting the mud into the bottom of the pool at the interval of 2 m. And planting hydrilla verticillata and tape grass in the fence in 3-4 months, wherein the hydrilla verticillata is planted by cutting and the tape grass is planted by seed dibbling.
(3) Preparation before stocking
Adding water to about 50cm 10 days before stocking the crabs, taking tea seed cakes and salt, adding water according to the proportion of 50:1, soaking overnight, and splashing in the whole pool to remove enemy organisms such as wild trash fish, tadpoles and the like, wherein the splashing amount is 35 kg/mu.
(4) Stocking crabs and snails
And (4) crab smashing: and 3, 28 days after the 3 months, selecting 10kg of crabs which have complete appendages, clear crab bodies, active movement, health and no diseases and have the specification of 130 plus 140 crabs/kg, soaking the crabs in 5 percent of salt solution for 5-10min, and then stocking the crabs outside the fence.
Snail: 5 months and 6 days, and 500 kg/mu of snails are stocked.
(5) Management measures
Removing the fence: the pens were removed at 6 months and 10 days.
Adding water into the pond: adding water 10-15cm at intervals of 15 days from the bottom of 6 months, and keeping the water level 1-1.2m until 11 days before 9 months.
Feeding baits: different feeding modes are selected according to different stages of the growth and development of the river crabs. In the early stage, iced fresh fish is taken as a main material, a small amount of compound feed and plant bait are added, and a proper amount of multivitamins and mineral substances are added into the compound feed to promote the molting of river crabs; feeding special compound feed and plant bait with crude protein content of 38-40% for river crab after the middle water temperature is higher than 25 deg.C; starting to increase the weight of the fresh ice fish fat at 27 days after 8 months; and 3, improving the color of the crab cream by using plant baits such as corn, pumpkin and the like after 10 months and 2 days. Feeding 2 times a day with bait in an amount of 5-8% of the total weight of pond crabs, 30% of the daily feeding amount in the morning and 70% of the daily feeding amount in the afternoon, and adjusting at any time according to weather, growth of river crabs and water quality.
Oxygenation in the pond: the oxygen increasing machine is started at 0:00-6:00 and 14:00-16:00 every day for increasing oxygen, the oxygen increasing time is correspondingly prolonged in cloudy days and foggy days, and the oxygen increasing machine is started all day long in the peak period of river crab shelling.
Managing aquatic weeds: the area of the aquatic weeds is kept to be about 50 percent of the area of the pond.
Water quality regulation and control: changing water according to water quality, wherein the water is changed 1 time per week, summer is shortened to 3-5 days for 1 time, each time the water is changed by 10-20cm, and the water is changed in the morning. And (3) applying 10 kg/mu of quick lime for 1-2 times per month to keep the transparency of the pond at 30-40cm, and changing the quick lime into chlorine dioxide and calcium gluconate in order to avoid overhigh pH of the pond in high-temperature seasons in summer, wherein the addition amount of the chlorine dioxide and the calcium gluconate is 1 kg. Adding quicklime or chlorine dioxide for 1 week, adding 1 kg/mu EM bacteria stock solution, mixing the weighed EM bacteria stock solution with equal amount of wheat bran, adding water for dilution, and placing in a container for aeration overnight.
Disease control: the zinc sulfate is used for repeated dosage of 200-300 g/mu for killing ciliates for 2 times in 25 days at 4 months and 13 days at 9 months respectively. Granular medicinal bait (the mass ratio of the garlicin to the flour is 1:100) prepared from garlicin and flour is taken irregularly, and the feed is continuously fed for about 1 week, wherein the feeding amount is 10% of the feeding amount of the compound feed in the same day.
Daily management: periodically checking whether the escape-proof facilities, the pool ridges are damaged and leaked, and whether the river crabs in the pool are lack of oxygen, and killing harmful organisms such as frogs, rats, snakes and the like in time.
(10) Cultivation effect
In 2019, river crabs are cultured by Jiangsu Sihong county farmers in the above embodiment, and compared with high-yield ponds which locally adopt traditional methods, the culturing conditions of commercial crabs after the commercial crabs come into the market are shown in the following table. The cultivation cost of the river crab cultivation method is 5066.9 yuan/mu, which is higher than 4637.8 yuan/mu of the traditional high-yield pond. The breeding specification of the female and male river crabs is similar to that of river crabs bred by the traditional breeding method, and the pond storage amount, breeding yield and breeding benefit of the river crabs are far higher than those of river crabs bred by the traditional method. The net culture profit obtained by the river crab culture method is 5207.07 yuan/mu, which is 1880.78 yuan/mu more than that of the traditional high-yield pond. The comparison shows that the river crab yield and the cultivation benefit obtained by the cultivation method are obviously improved.
Claims (10)
1. An ecological breeding method for improving the yield of river crabs is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pond pretreatment
After the water products in the river crab culture pond are harvested, draining the pond water, cleaning the pond, and solarizing the bottom of the pond to cracks; 1 circle of fence is arranged at the position 1-2m away from the inner side of the annular trench, and plywood is embedded in the fence; in the middle ten days of 2 months, 10-20cm of water is poured into the pond, 50-75 kg/mu of quicklime or 6-8 kg/mu of bleaching powder is sprinkled in the whole pond for disinfection, 10-20cm of water is added after 1 week, and 100 kg/mu of organic fertilizer is applied;
(2) planting of aquatic weeds
Planting the waterweeds in the ring ditches and the fences at the bottom of 2 months, taking 15-20 waterweeds as a group, wrapping mud and putting into the bottom of the pool or cutting into bottom mud by using an iron fork, wherein the space is 2-3 m; cutting hydrilla verticillata and sowing eel grass seeds in the fence in 3-4 months;
(3) preparation before stocking
Adding water to 50-60cm 10 days before breeding the crabs, and splashing 30-40 kg/mu of tea dregs in the whole pond to remove impurities;
(4) stocking crabs and snails
And (4) crab smashing: stocking outside the fence from 3 middle ten days to 4 last days, wherein the specification is 160/kg for 120 plus materials, and the stocking density is 1500/mu for 1000 plus materials;
snail: stocking in ten days of 5 months, wherein the stocking density is 500 kg/mu;
(5) management measures
Removing the fence: removing the fence when the aquatic weeds grow to about 10cm in the last ten days of 6 months;
adding water into the pond: adding water 10-15cm every 15 days from 7 months to keep the water level 1-1.2m in last ten days of 9 months;
feeding baits: in the early stage, the iced fresh fish is taken as the main material, and a small amount of compound feed and plant bait are taken as auxiliary materials; feeding special compound feed or plant bait with crude protein content of 38-40% for river crab after the middle water temperature is higher than 25 deg.C; 8, adding iced fresh fish at the bottom of a month to promote fat weight increase; at the end of 9 months, vegetable baits such as corn, pumpkin and the like are added to improve the color of the crab cream;
oxygenation in the pond: starting an aerator at 0:00-6:00 and 14:00-16:00 every day to increase oxygen;
managing aquatic weeds: keeping the area of the aquatic plants accounting for 50-60% of the area of the pond;
water quality regulation and control: changing water according to water quality, wherein water is changed for 1 time per week, water is changed for 10-20cm each time, water changing time can be properly shortened in summer, and water changing is performed early in the morning or evening; applying 5-10 kg/mu of quicklime for 1-2 times per month to keep the transparency of the pond at 30-40cm, and adding 1 kg/mu of EM (effective microorganism) stock solution after 1 week;
disease control: respectively using zinc sulfate to re-compound 200 + 300 g/mu in late 4 th and middle 9 th months for killing ciliates for 1 time; garlicin or Chinese herbal medicine bait is taken irregularly and is fed for about 1 week continuously.
2. The ecological breeding method for improving the yield of the river crabs in the step (1), wherein the fence in the step (1) is a polyethylene mesh sheet with a calcium plastic plate arranged on the upper edge, the calcium plastic plate is arranged on the outer side of the fence, the height of the fence is 40-50cm, the fence is buried at the bottom of the pool by 20-30cm, and the fence is slightly inclined outwards.
3. The ecological breeding method for increasing the yield of the river crabs as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the plywood is 120cm long and 20-40cm wide, and is longitudinally distributed in the east and west directions in the fence, with the interval between the boards being 1m, the interval between the longitudinal rows being 2m, and the plywood is buried in the bottom of the pool being 20 cm.
4. The ecological breeding method for improving the yield of the river crabs as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), when the tea seed cakes are used for removing impurities, 50kg of the tea seed cakes and 1kg of the salt are uniformly mixed, soaked overnight and added into the pond in a quantitative manner.
5. The ecological breeding method for improving the yield of the river crabs according to claim 1, wherein the crabs in the step (4) are soaked in 5% saline solution for 5-10min or 3% povidone-iodine soluble powder 500 times of diluent for 10-15min before stocking.
6. The ecological breeding method for improving the yield of the river crabs as claimed in claim 1, wherein a proper amount of multivitamins and minerals are added into the compound feed in the early stage of bait feeding in the step (5) to promote the exuviation of the river crabs.
7. The ecological breeding method for improving the yield of the river crabs as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aerator in the shelling peak period of the river crabs in the step (5) needs to be started all day long.
8. The ecological breeding method for improving the yield of the river crabs as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the water quality regulation and control process in the step (5), in order to avoid the pH value of the pond from being too high in high temperature seasons in summer, quick lime is replaced by chlorine dioxide and calcium gluconate, and the addition amount of the quick lime is 1kg of chlorine dioxide and a proper amount of calcium gluconate.
9. The ecological breeding method for improving the yield of the river crabs as claimed in claim 1, wherein before the EM stock solution is added in the step (5), the weighed EM stock solution is diluted by adding water after being mixed with an equal amount of wheat bran, and is placed in a container for aeration overnight.
10. The ecological breeding method for improving the yield of the river crabs as claimed in claim 1, wherein the allicin or the herbal medicine bait used in the step (5) is prepared by mixing 10g of allicin or herbal medicine powder with 1kg of flour, adding water, and granulating, wherein the feeding amount is 10% of the daily feeding amount of the compound feed.
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