CN103404457A - Method for industrially breeding king salmon fry - Google Patents
Method for industrially breeding king salmon fry Download PDFInfo
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- CN103404457A CN103404457A CN2013103281695A CN201310328169A CN103404457A CN 103404457 A CN103404457 A CN 103404457A CN 2013103281695 A CN2013103281695 A CN 2013103281695A CN 201310328169 A CN201310328169 A CN 201310328169A CN 103404457 A CN103404457 A CN 103404457A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of breeding for seafood seeds, in particular to a method for industrially breeding king salmon fry. The method includes steps of comprehensively treating fry breeding water; releasing fertilized eggs; manufacturing fry breeding initial feed; biologically regulating and managing the quality of the fry breeding water; performing classification and pond distributing management on the fry, and the like. The temperature, the illumination, the transparency, dissolved oxygen, the salinity, a pH (potential of hydrogen) value, harmful substances, disease organisms and the like of each indoor isolated fry breeding pond are effectively controlled, so that fry breeding environmental conditions are optimized, the stress resistance and the disease resistance of the fry are improved, the quality of the fry is enhanced, and a survival rate of the fry is increased. The method has the advantages that a key technology for breeding the king salmon fry is implemented, an efficient and environment-friendly fry breeding mode is provided, a novel high-end aquaculture variety is additionally provided for the marine aquaculture industry, and a gap in technologies for breeding the king salmon fry in China is filled.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to marine products seedling breeding technical field, particularly relate to the factorial seedling-culturing method of a kind of Ma Youyu.
Background technology
Traditional mariculture kind is by sparid class, perch class, grouper, yellow vertical silvery pomfret etc., then develop into again cobio, large yellow Crocker, U.S. snapper, dragon wholesale, hybridization dragon and tiger spot etc., the seedling-cultivating method that these marine products adopt is to carry out ecological breeding in outdoor outdoor pond mostly, this seedling raising manners is subjected to the impact in region, weather and season very large, very unstable, easily cause the postponement of seedling raise period, can't need to produce seedling according to breeding production, and culturing time shortens then, has seriously restricted the development of mariculture industry.Current traditional breed variety, its market demand relative saturation, and also culture benefit is low, lacks new substitute species.
Ma Youyu is a kind of blubbery famous and precious fish; trace elements iron, phosphorus, the calcium of protein, unsaturated fatty acid, DHA, taurine and the needed by human body contained than general ocean fish class are all many; and unsaturated fatty acid, taurine, have the effect that reduces cholesterol and prevention cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease.Ma Youyu mainly is distributed in Coast of Guangdong Province, but its catching amount is few, is hard to buy on market.Ma Youyu is one of the current most significant end fish new varieties that can carry out artificial breeding and cultivation, has wide market prospects.
Yet, use conventional methods is that outdoor ponds is carried out ecological breeding, because its water quality environment, illumination condition, useful food organisms and pest all are difficult to control, be subjected to environment, climatic influences very large, survival rate of seedling is low, the uniformity of growing seedlings is low thereby cause, and product quality is poor, demand that can't satisfying the market, and, due to artificial excessive feeding intake and the excessive use chemicals in breeding process, causing water pollution, a large amount of sewage discharges causes further pollution to environment.
Therefore, for the deficiencies in the prior art, need the controlled Ma Youyu seedling growing process of research and development large-scale production and process badly, thereby promote the industrialization sound development of high-end culturing marine products industry.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to avoid weak point of the prior art and a kind of high-efficiency environment friendly is provided, the quality better of growing seedlings, survival rate are high, the factorial seedling-culturing method of the Ma Youyu that accomplishes scale production.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
The factorial seedling-culturing method of a kind of Ma Youyu comprises the following steps:
Between step 1, isolation seedling culturing vehicle and nursery pond and disinfecting:
1) each 828m between the isolation seedling culturing vehicle
2, 2 groups of minute left and right, the nursery pond of totally 20 indoor isolation, each nursery pond 20 m
2, the high 1.5m in pond;
2) with the molten water of strong chlorine oil 1kg, making concentration is 200ppm, between seedling culturing vehicle, reaching the nursery pond thorough disinfection;
The integrated treatment of step 2, water for larval nursing:
1) seawater is evacuated to high-level reservoir successively after rough sand, fine sand, active carbon, screen filtration, and the area of described high-level reservoir is 100m
2, high 3m;
2) in high-level reservoir, carry out the dark precipitation more than 24 hours;
3) chemical treatment: with strong chlorine oil 5ppm, carry out thorough disinfection, with sodium thiosulfate 2.5ppm, neutralize removing toxic substances aeration more than 48 hours after 24 hours, and through the high velocity stream water treatment;
4) three grades of husky filters are processed: at first through the husky filter of the first order: finger stone, 20 eye mesh screens, rough sand filter, the then husky filter through the second level: for rough sand, 80 eye mesh screens, fine sand filter, be finally the husky filter of the third level: active carbon, 150 eye mesh screens, fine sand filter;
5) to adding in nursery pond seawater after above-mentioned processing to 1.3m, regulating salinity is that 27.0 ‰～32.3 ‰, pH values are 7.8～8.5, and dissolved oxygen amount is 4.8～5.3mg/ml;
6) throw in disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 3.0ppm, refreshing bright and beautiful 1.5 ppm;
The preparation of step 3, the open-mouthed bait of growing seedlings:
1) foundation in bait pond:
Between each isolation seedling culturing vehicle, be equipped with 2, bait pond, the area in each bait pond is 2 mu, and the depth of water is 1.3m;
2) disinfecting of bait pond:
With 50ppm Eusol full pool spilling head sterilization, oxygenation throw in sodium thiosulfate 5ppm neutralisation treatment after 72 hours;
3) fertilising: sterilize after 96 hours, drop into fish slurry every mu of bait pond of 100kg/, sodium nitrate 1.0 ppm and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.1ppm as fertilizer sources;
4) inoculation bacterium and algae:
Drop into fish slurry second day, inoculation EM bacterium, micro-algae and marine yeast, the foundation bait of cultivation SS type wheel animalcule;
5) inoculating rotifer:
Drop into the fish slurry after 5 days, inoculation SS type wheel animalcule when water clarity reaches 20cm, the inoculation quantity of SS type wheel animalcule is 10～20/ml;
6) inoculation is latter 2～3 days, and the concentration of SS type wheel animalcule reaches 2500～5000/ml, can collect the fry of throwing something and feeding;
The input of step 4, horse friend fish fertilized egg:
1) select that the ovum grain is full, not damaged or the fertilized egg that has foreign material to adhere to;
2) fertilized egg, with after 1.5ppm iodine liquid disinfectant 10min, is dropped into nursery pond;
3) breeding density is 1.0～1.3 ten thousand/m
3
Step 5, seedling management:
1, water quality management:
1) throw in beneficial microbe, described beneficial microbe is photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus subtilis and Chaetoceros muelleri, and wherein the working concentration of photosynthetic bacteria is 3 * 10
2Cfu/ml～3 * 10
4Cfu/ml, the working concentration of bacillus subtilis are 125 * 10
4Cfu/ml～135 * 10
4Cfu/ml, Chaetoceros muelleri concentration is 0.6 * 10
8～1 * 10
8Individual/l, the maintenance water quality transparency is 50～60cm;
2) threw in disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 1.5ppm and B B-complex platinum combination 1.0ppm in every 5 days, prevent stress with improvement water quality;
3) according to variation of water, change water, each quantity of exchanged water is 30～50cm, throws in immediately B B-complex platinum combination 0.5ppm after changing water;
4) every day with siphonage by pond at the bottom of dirt clean out;
2, the control of temperature:
During the fertilized egg lower storage reservoir, temperature is controlled at 26 ℃, raises later every day 0.5 ℃, until 31 ℃ also keep stable;
3, feedstuff feeding management:
Throw in fertilized egg 2 days, fry be take self yolk and is nutrition, the SS type of throwing something and feeding after 2 days wheel animalcule, and 30～60/ml throws something and feeds every day; After 7 days every day 20～30/ml of SS type wheel animalcule that continues to throw something and feed, also increase throw something and feed oar angle class and fairy shrimp, consumption be every day every tail fry throw something and feed 40～50; After 12 days, take and throw something and feed oar angle class and fairy shrimp as main, take SS type wheel animalcule and artifical compound feed as auxiliary, wherein oar angle class and fairy shrimp every tail every day are thrown something and fed 100～200, and SS type wheel animalcule consumption is 10～20/ml, and the artifical compound feed consumption is grams/ten thousand tails every days 5～10; After 15 days, take and throw something and feed artifical compound feed as main, take and throw something and feed oar angle class and fairy shrimp as auxiliary, wherein, the artifical compound feed consumption is grams/ten thousand tails every days 50, oar angle class and fairy shrimp consumption be every day every tail throw something and feed 50～100; After after 18 days, fry grows to 2～3cm, emerge;
4, illumination is controlled:
By skylight and side window sunshade net controlled light intensity, during the fertilized egg lower storage reservoir, controlling intensity of illumination is 1000 Lx, improves 250Lx later every day, and final controlled light intensity is 4000～4500 Lx;
5, divide the management of fraction pond:
After fry grew to 1.5cm, specification is differentiation gradually just, and uneven situation is arranged, and need divide with net sieve fraction pond fosterly, and concrete steps are as follows:
1) adopt the seawater after the husky filter of secondary is processed to be added into foster pond of each minute, the depth of water is 1.2～1.4m, throw in disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 1.5ppm and B B-complex platinum combination 1.0ppm, regulate various physical and chemical factors identical with former nursery pond, pre-cast oar angle class or fairy shrimp, usage amount are 30～40 of every tail fries;
2) adopt 8 orders and 10 purpose screen clothes that fry is carried out to classification: the fry that is less than 1.5cm is put into the Fen Yang pond No. 1, and the fry of 1.5～1.9cm is put into the Fen Yang pond No. 2, and the above fry of 2cm is put into No. 3 Fen Yang ponds or sells;
Sell in the pond that goes out of step 6, fry:
1) fry was cultivated through 18 days, generally can reach 2～3cm, now can emerge;
2) salinity that front salinity of putting the water body in pond according to fry in a suitable place to breed progressively regulates the nursery pond water body of emerging, regulate that salinity is poor is no more than 5 ‰ every day, and while emerging, the salinity of nursery pond water body and fry put that the salinity of water body in pond is poor is no more than 10 ‰ in a suitable place to breed;
3) emerge and stopped throwing something and feeding in first 12 hours;
4) water of emerging is thrown in B B-complex platinum combination 1ppm, and preventing stress.
The EM bacterium of using in above-mentioned steps is the commodity that Guangdong Lubaiduo Bio-tech Co., Ltd. produces;
The combination of B B-complex platinum is the commodity that the safe animal pharmaceutical estate of Henan pul Co., Ltd produces;
Refreshing bright and beautiful is the commodity that Guangzhou Xin Hailisheng bio tech ltd is produced;
Artifical compound feed is the commodity that Zhanjiang City Bo Shang feed corporation,Ltd produces.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The factorial seedling-culturing method of a kind of Ma Youyu of the present invention, carry out the ecological breeding pattern with prior art and compare in outdoor outdoor pond, have the following advantages:
1, the present invention is by optimization and the comprehensive control of the process conditions such as the temperature to the indoor raising of seedling pond, illumination, dissolved oxygen amount, water quality, the fry neat specification of cultivating, individual healthy and strong, quality better, survival rate is high, solved the key technology that Ma Youyu grows seedlings, for high-end culturing marine products industry, enrich breed variety, filled up the blank of domestic Ma Youyu seedling growing process;
2, the present invention has realized factorial seedling growth, can round-the-clock large-scale production, and output is high, fully meets the need of market, thereby promotes the industrialized development of Ma Youyu.
3, the present invention cultivates technology by the advanced person to the Ma Youyu open-mouthed bait, has guaranteed safety and the trophism of bait, can significantly improve the survival rate of seedling fostering, has greatly improved thus productivity effect;
4, the present invention adopts physics, chemistry, biological synthesis processing and recovering technology to carry out pretreatment to the nursery pond water source, and in seedling raising process, drop into multiple-microorganism and carry out the biology regulation and control, can reduce artificial excessive feeding intake and medication, reduced sewage discharge, not only improve the quality of growing seedlings, and from source, stop the problem of medicament residue, be a kind of pattern of growing seedlings of high-efficiency environment friendly.
5, seedling-cultivating method of the present invention, be conducive to that seedling is carried out to disease timely and detect and integrated control.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described with the following Examples, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.
Embodiment 1
The factorial seedling-culturing method of a kind of Ma Youyu, it comprises the following steps:
Between step 1, isolation seedling culturing vehicle and nursery pond and disinfecting:
1) each 828m between the isolation seedling culturing vehicle
2, 2 groups of minute left and right, the nursery pond of totally 20 indoor isolation, each nursery pond 20 m
2, the high 1.5m in pond;
2) with the molten water of strong chlorine oil 1kg, making concentration is 200ppm, between seedling culturing vehicle, reaching the nursery pond thorough disinfection.
The integrated treatment of step 2, water for larval nursing:
1) seawater is evacuated to high-level reservoir successively after rough sand, fine sand, active carbon, screen filtration, and the area of described high-level reservoir is 100m
2, high 3m;
2) in high-level reservoir, carry out the dark precipitation more than 24 hours;
3) chemistry, physical treatment: with strong chlorine oil 5ppm, carry out thorough disinfection, after 24 hours, neutralize and detoxify also aeration more than 48 hours with sodium thiosulfate 2.5ppm, and pass through the high velocity stream water treatment;
4) three grades of husky filters are processed: at first through the husky filter of the first order: finger stone, 20 eye mesh screens, rough sand filter, the then husky filter through the second level: for rough sand, 80 eye mesh screens, fine sand filter, be finally the husky filter of the third level: active carbon, 150 eye mesh screens, fine sand filter;
5) to adding in nursery pond seawater after above-mentioned processing to 1.3m, regulating salinity is that 27.0 ‰～32.3 ‰, pH values are 7.8～8.5, and dissolved oxygen amount is 4.8～5.3mg/ml;
6) throw in disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 3.0ppm, refreshing bright and beautiful 1.5 ppm.
The preparation of step 3, the open-mouthed bait of growing seedlings:
1) foundation in bait pond:
Between each isolation seedling culturing vehicle, be equipped with 2, bait pond, the area in each bait pond is 2 mu, and the depth of water is 1.3m;
2) disinfecting of bait pond:
With 50ppm Eusol full pool spilling head sterilization, oxygenation throw in sodium thiosulfate 5ppm neutralisation treatment after 72 hours;
3) fertilising: sterilize after 96 hours, drop into fish slurry every mu of bait pond of 100kg/, sodium nitrate 1.0 ppm and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.1ppm as fertilizer sources;
4) inoculation bacterium and algae:
Drop into fish slurry second day, inoculation EM bacterium, micro-algae and marine yeast, the foundation bait of cultivation SS type wheel animalcule;
5) inoculating rotifer:
Drop into the fish slurry after 5 days, inoculation SS type wheel animalcule when water clarity reaches 20cm, the inoculation quantity of SS type wheel animalcule is 10～20/ml;
6) inoculation is latter 2～3 days, and the working concentration of SS type wheel animalcule is 2500～5000/ml.
The input of step 4, horse friend fish fertilized egg:
1) select that the ovum grain is full, not damaged or the fertilized egg that has foreign material to adhere to;
2) fertilized egg, with after 1.5ppm iodine liquid disinfectant 10min, is dropped into nursery pond;
3) breeding density is 1.0～1.3 ten thousand/m
3
While putting in a suitable place to breed, note intensity of illumination, illumination can cause stimulation to firm hatching fry eyes out too by force, affects survival rate.
Step 5, seedling management:
1, water quality management:
1) throw in beneficial microbe, described beneficial microbe is photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus subtilis and Chaetoceros muelleri, and wherein the working concentration of photosynthetic bacteria is 3 * 10
2Cfu/ml～3 * 10
4Cfu/ml, the working concentration of bacillus subtilis are 125 * 10
4Cfu/ml～135 * 10
4Cfu/ml, Chaetoceros muelleri concentration is 0.6 * 10
8～1 * 10
8Individual/l, the maintenance water quality transparency is 50～60cm;
2) threw in disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 1.5ppm and B B-complex platinum combination 1.0ppm in every 5 days, prevent stress with improvement water quality;
3) according to variation of water, change water, each quantity of exchanged water is 30～50cm, throws in immediately B B-complex platinum combination 0.5ppm after changing water;
4) every day with siphonage by pond at the bottom of dirt clean out.
2, the control of temperature:
Temperature is the hot water (approximately 80 degree) that water heater is heated, and is delivered to nursery pond titanium pipe, and heat is sent to seedling water by the titanium pipe, and the cold water after cooling comes back to water heater, recycles, and reaches the temperature control purpose.
During the fertilized egg lower storage reservoir, temperature is controlled at 26 ℃, raises later every day 0.5 ℃, until 31 ℃ also keep stable.
3, feedstuff feeding management:
Throw in fertilized egg 2 days, fry be take self yolk and is nutrition, the SS type of throwing something and feeding after 2 days wheel animalcule, and 30～60/ml throws something and feeds every day; After 7 days every day 20～30/ml of SS type wheel animalcule that continues to throw something and feed, also increase throw something and feed oar angle class and fairy shrimp, consumption be every day every tail fry throw something and feed 40～50; After 12 days, take and throw something and feed oar angle class and fairy shrimp as main, take SS type wheel animalcule and artifical compound feed as auxiliary, wherein oar angle class and fairy shrimp every tail every day are thrown something and fed 100～200, and SS type wheel animalcule consumption is 10～20/ml, and the artifical compound feed consumption is grams/ten thousand tails every days 5～10; After 15 days, take and throw something and feed artifical compound feed as main, take and throw something and feed oar angle class and fairy shrimp as auxiliary, wherein, the artifical compound feed consumption is grams/ten thousand tails every days 50, oar angle class and fairy shrimp consumption be every day every tail throw something and feed 50～100; After after 18 days, fry grows to 2～3cm, emerge.
4, illumination is controlled:
By skylight and side window sunshade net controlled light intensity, during the fertilized egg lower storage reservoir, controlling intensity of illumination is 1000 Lx, improves 250Lx later every day, and final controlled light intensity is 4000～4500 Lx.
5, divide the management of fraction pond:
After fry grew to 1.5cm, specification is differentiation gradually just, and uneven situation is arranged, and need divide with net sieve fraction pond fosterly, and concrete steps are as follows:
1) adopt the seawater after the husky filter of secondary is processed to be added into foster pond of each minute, the depth of water is 1.2～1.4m, throw in disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 1.5ppm and B B-complex platinum combination 1.0ppm, regulate various physical and chemical factors identical with former nursery pond, pre-cast oar angle class or fairy shrimp, usage amount are 30～40 of every tail fries;
2) adopt 8 orders and 10 purpose screen clothes that fry is carried out to classification: the fry that is less than 1.5cm is put into the Fen Yang pond No. 1, and the fry of 1.5～1.9cm is put into the Fen Yang pond No. 2, and the above fry of 2cm is put into No. 3 Fen Yang ponds or sells.
Sell in the pond that goes out of step 6, fry:
1) fry was cultivated through 18 days, generally can reach 2～3cm, now can emerge, and specification is less than 2cm can affect survival rate, and specification is greater than 3cm and should not transports;
2) emerge and frontly according to fry, put the salinity that the salinity of the water body in pond (namely cultivating the pond of putting in a suitable place to breed of adult fish) is progressively regulated the nursery pond water body in a suitable place to breed, regulate that salinity is poor is no more than 5 ‰ every day, while emerging, the salinity of nursery pond water body and fry put that the salinity of water body in pond is poor is no more than 10 ‰ in a suitable place to breed.
In above-mentioned steps, after reaching the specification more than 2cm, the fry cultivation can sell, the buyer puts into fry by this fry and puts the cultivation that adult fish is carried out in pond in a suitable place to breed, therefore, in order to make fry, further form adult fish, need to, before emerging, regulate in advance the salinity that fry is put the water body of pond (namely cultivating the pond of putting in a suitable place to breed of adult fish) and nursery pond in a suitable place to breed.
3) emerge and stopped throwing something and feeding in first 12 hours;
4) the water B B-complex platinum combination 1ppm of emerging, preventing stress.
In the present embodiment, the EM bacterium of above-mentioned use is the commodity that Guangdong Lubaiduo Bio-tech Co., Ltd. produces;
The combination of B B-complex platinum is the commodity that the safe animal pharmaceutical estate of Henan pul Co., Ltd produces;
Refreshing bright and beautiful is the commodity that Guangzhou Xin Hailisheng bio tech ltd is produced;
Artifical compound feed is the commodity that Zhanjiang City Bo Shang feed corporation,Ltd produces.
Following examples 2 and embodiment 3 are between the seedling culturing vehicle of a selected isolation, area 828m
2
(46m * 18m), by dividing two groups of left and right between seedling culturing vehicle, 20 indoor raising of seedling ponds are set, each nursery pond area 20m
2
, high 1.5m, and respectively by sequence number name (as No. 1 nursery pond, No. 2 nursery ponds ... etc.), following examples are selected two nursery ponds wherein respectively, adopt the method for embodiment 1 to carry out factorial seedling growth.
Embodiment 2
Selected No. 3 nursery ponds are tested:
1, on June 20th, 2012, adopt strong chlorine oil 1kg water-soluble, make concentration and be the thimerosal of 200ppm to this nursery pond thorough disinfection, and clean up standby.
2, on June 16th, 2012, carry out following pretreatment from the seawater at water source, sea area:
1) seawater is evacuated to high-level reservoir, the area 100m of high-level reservoir successively after the rough sand of water source, sea area filter, fine sand, active carbon, screen filtration
2, high 3m.
2) in high-level reservoir, carry out the dark precipitation of 25 hours.
3) chemistry, physical treatment: with strong chlorine oil 5ppm, carry out thorough disinfection, after 24 hours, neutralize with sodium thiosulfate 2.5ppm the also aeration that detoxifies and, more than 48 hours, use simultaneously high-speed water flowing water 3 hours.
4) three grades of husky filters are processed: at first through the husky filter of the first order: finger stone, 20 eye mesh screens, rough sand filter, the then husky filter through the second level: for rough sand, 80 eye mesh screens, fine sand filter, be finally the husky filter of the third level: active carbon, 150 eye mesh screens, fine sand filter;
It is standby that pretreated seawater is put into nursery pond.
3, on June 21st, 2012, nursery pond adds pretreated seawater, and the depth of water is 1.3m, regulates seawater salinity 27.0 ‰, pH values 8.3, and dissolved oxygen amount 5.0mg/ml throws in disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 3.0ppm in nursery pond, and refreshing bright and beautiful 1.5ppm, with regulating water quality.
4, on June 8th, 2012, open-mouthed bait is cultivated in selected No. 2 bait ponds, 2 mu of this bait pool areas, and 1.3 meters of the depth of waters, after using the 50ppm bleaching powder water-soluble, the full pool spilling head sterilization.
Oxygenation on June 11 in 2012 is also thrown in sodium thiosulfate 5ppm neutralisation treatment.
On June 15th, 2012, drop into fish slurry every mu of bait pond of 100kg/ (the fish gruel of mincing into meat by the flesh of fish of the small fishs such as mackerel or blue circle Scad), sodium nitrate 1.0ppm, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.1 ppm as fertilizer sources.
On June 16th, 2012, inoculation EM bacterium, micro-algae and marine yeast.
On June 21st, 2012, water quality is enough fertile, when water clarity reaches 20cm, and access SS type wheel animalcule, inoculum concentration is 6～10/ml, after inoculating rotifer, on June 24th, 2012, reaches 40～60/ml of working concentration.
5, on June 22nd, 2012, choose 260,000 of horse friend fish fertilized eggs, require the ovum grain full, not damaged or the situation that has foreign material to adhere to, before fertilized egg enters pond, first with after 1.5ppm iodine liquid disinfectant 10min, dropping in above-mentioned No. 3 selected nursery ponds.
During the fertilized egg lower storage reservoir, temperature is controlled at 26 ℃, raises later every day 0.5 ℃, until 31 ℃ also keep stable.
During the fertilized egg lower storage reservoir, controlled light intensity is 1000Lx, improves 250 Lx later every day, and final controlled light intensity is 4250 Lx.
6, the water quality management between implementation period:
1) throw in beneficial microbe:
The working concentration of photosynthetic bacteria is 3 * 10
2Cfu/ml～3 * 10
4Cfu/ml, the working concentration of bacillus subtilis are 125 * 10
4Cfu/ml～135 * 10
4Cfu/ml, Chaetoceros muelleri concentration is 0.6 * 10
8～1 * 10
8Individual/l, the maintenance water quality transparency is 50～60cm;
2) threw in 1.5ppm disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate and B B-complex platinum combination 1.0ppm in every 5 days, with prevent stress with improvement water quality;
3) according to variation of water, change water, each quantity of exchanged water is 30～50cm, throws in immediately B B-complex platinum combination 0.5ppm after changing water;
4) every day with siphonage by pond at the bottom of dirt clean out.
7, the feed management of fry:
On June 22nd, 2012, fry be take self yolk and is nutrition.
On June 24th, 2012, the SS type wheel animalcule open-mouthed bait that starts to throw something and feed, every day in the morning 9 throw something and feed once, keep 30～60/ml, according to the fry situation of ingesting, regulate daily ration, feeding quantity.
On June 29th, 2012, except the SS type wheel animalcule that continues to throw something and feed (keep 20～30/ml), every day throw something and feed 40～50 of oar angle class and fairy shrimps of every tail fry.
On July 4th, 2012, take and throw oar angle class and fairy shrimp as main, every day, every tail fry was thrown something and fed 100～200, take SS type wheel animalcule and artifical compound feed as auxiliary, 10～20/ml of SS type wheel animalcule wherein, artifical compound feed consumption 5～10 grams/ten thousand tails.
On July 7th, 2012, take artifical compound feed as main, its consumption is every ten thousand tail 50 grams every day, and take oar angle class and fairy shrimp as auxiliary, its consumption be every day every tail throw something and feed 50～100.
Between implementation period, find, after fry grew to 1.5cm, specification is differentiation gradually just, and uneven situation is arranged, and need divide with a screen fractionation minute pond fosterly, and concrete steps are as follows:
1) divide the preparation in foster pond:
Adopt the seawater after the husky filter of secondary is processed to be added into a plurality of minutes foster ponds, depth of water 1.3m, throw in disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 1.5ppm and B B-complex platinum combination 1.0ppm, the various physical and chemical factors in minute foster pond are identical with former No. 3 nursery ponds, oar angle class or fairy shrimp that pre-cast is appropriate, consumption are 30～40 of every tail fries;
2) as required, several 8 orders and 10 purpose screen clothes are placed in respectively to different minute foster ponds;
3) fry of No. 3 nursery ponds is emerged to collection seedling net cage, then fry is dragged for to 8 purpose screen clothes, the following fry of 1.5cm will enter in No. 1 Fen Yang pond by 8 purpose screen clothes, stays to be the above fry of 1.5cm in 8 eye mesh screens;
4) the above fry of 1.5cm that will stay in 8 eye mesh screens is dragged for to 10 eye mesh screens, and the fry of 1.5～1.9cm will enter in No. 2 Fen Yang ponds by 10 eye mesh screens;
5) the fry specification of staying in 10 eye mesh screens is more than 2cm, can sell or move on in No. 3 Fen Yang ponds and support temporarily.
8, emerge and the fry body is long and survival rate detects:
Fry emerged 8 to 10 July in 2012, while emerging, first fry was collected into to collection seedling net cage, and 50 tails of at every turn sampling detect, and result is: the fry of No. 3 nursery pond cultivations, and average body reaches 2.4cm, and output of seedling is 15.8 ten thousand tails, and survival rate reaches 60.8%.
Embodiment 3:
Selected No. 5 nursery ponds are tested:
1, on March 12nd, 2013, adopt strong chlorine oil 1kg water-soluble, make concentration and be the thimerosal of 200ppm to this nursery pond thorough disinfection, and clean up standby.
2, on March 8th, 2013, from the seawater at water source, sea area, carry out pretreatment, its step is identical with embodiment's 2.
3, on March 13rd, 2013, add pretreated seawater to 1.3 meter in nursery pond, regulate seawater salinity 32.3 ‰, pH value 7.8, dissolved oxygen amount 4.8mg/ml, throw in disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 2.8ppm in nursery pond, and refreshing bright and beautiful 1.6ppm, with regulating water quality.
4, on March 1st, 2013, open-mouthed bait is cultivated in selected No. 2 bait ponds, 2 mu of this bait pool areas, and depth of water 1.3m, after using the 50ppm bleaching powder water-soluble, the full pool spilling head sterilization, oxygenation on March 4 in 2013 is also thrown in sodium thiosulfate 5ppm neutralisation treatment.
On March 8th, 2013, drop into fish slurry every mu of bait pond of 100kg/ (flesh of fish by small fishs such as mackerel or blue circle Scad is minced into the fish gruel of making), sodium nitrate 1.0ppm, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.1ppm as fertilizer sources.
On March 9th, 2013, inoculation EM bacterium, micro-algae and marine yeast.
On March 14th, 2013, water quality is enough fertile, when water clarity reaches 20cm, and access SS type wheel animalcule, inoculum concentration is 15/ml, after inoculating rotifer, on March 17th, 2013, reaches 3500/ml of working concentration.
5, on March 14th, 2013, choose 270,000 of horse friend fish fertilized eggs, require the ovum grain full, not damaged or the situation that has foreign material to adhere to, before fertilized egg enters pond, first with after 1.5ppm iodine liquid disinfectant 10min, dropping in above-mentioned No. 5 selected nursery ponds.
During the fertilized egg lower storage reservoir, temperature is controlled at 26 ℃, raises later every day 0.5 ℃, until 31 ℃ also keep stable.
During the fertilized egg lower storage reservoir, controlled light intensity is 1000Lx, improves 250 Lx later every day, and final controlled light intensity is 4000 Lx.
6, the water quality management between implementation period, concrete steps and embodiment's 2 is identical.
7, the feed management of fry:
On March 14th, 2013, fry be take self yolk and is nutrition.
On March 16th, 2013, the SS type wheel animalcule open-mouthed bait that starts to throw something and feed, every day in the morning 9 throw something and feed once, keep 30～60/ml, according to the fry situation of ingesting, regulate daily ration, feeding quantity.
On March 19th, 2013, except the SS type wheel animalcule that continues to throw something and feed (keep 20～30/ml), every day throw something and feed 40～50 of oar angle class and fairy shrimps of every tail fry.
On March 24th, 2013, take and throw oar angle class and fairy shrimp as main, every day, every tail was thrown something and fed 100～200, take SS type wheel animalcule and artifical compound feed as auxiliary, 10～20/ml of SS type wheel animalcule wherein, artifical compound feed consumption 5～10 grams/ten thousand tails.
On March 27th, 2013, take artifical compound feed as main, its consumption is every ten thousand tail 50 grams every day, and take oar angle class and fairy shrimp as auxiliary, its consumption be every day every tail throw something and feed 50～100.
Between implementation period, find, after fry grew to 1.5cm, specification is differentiation gradually just, and uneven situation is arranged, and need divide with a screen fractionation minute pond fosterly, and concrete steps and embodiment's 2 is identical.
8, emerge and the fry body is long and survival rate detects:
Fry, on March 29th, 2013 to 31 sunrise ponds, first is collected into fry collection seedling net cage while emerging, 50 tails of at every turn sampling detect, result is: the fry of No. 5 nursery pond cultivations, average body reaches 2.2cm, and output of seedling is 16.3 ten thousand tails, and survival rate reaches 60.4%.
Comparative Examples
Selected No. 2 outdoor Tu Chi carry out breeding experiment, 2 mu of this soil pool areas, the high 1.5m in pond.
1, on June 20th, 2012, adopt strong chlorine oil 2kg water-soluble, make concentration and be the thimerosal of 200ppm to this soil pond thorough disinfection, and clean up standby.
2, on June 16th, 2012, it is standby that source quality is put into native pond through water source, sea area filter filtration (rough sand-fine sand-screen filtration).
3, on June 21st, 2012, Tu Chi adds water to 1.3m, regulates seawater salinity 33.5 ‰, pH values 8.4, and dissolved oxygen amount 4.8mg/ml throws in disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 3.0ppm, refreshing bright and beautiful 1.5 ppm.
4, on June 8th, 2012, open-mouthed bait is cultivated in selected No. 2 bait ponds, and concrete grammar and embodiment's 2 is identical.
5, on June 22nd, 2012, choose 1,000,000, fertilized egg, breeding density is 0.075 ten thousand/m
3, fertilized egg is with in No. 2 outdoor earth ponds of input after 1.5ppm iodine liquid disinfectant 10min.
6, the water quality management of duration of test: concrete steps and embodiment's 2 is identical.
7,22 to 23 June in 2012, fry be take self yolk and is nutrition.
On June 24th, 2012, the SS type wheel animalcule open-mouthed bait that starts to throw something and feed, every day in the morning 9 throw something and feed once, keep 30～60/ml, according to the fry situation of ingesting, regulate daily ration, feeding quantity.
On June 30th, 2012, except the SS type wheel animalcule that continues to throw something and feed (keep 20～30/ml), add and throw 40～50 of oar angle class and fairy shrimps every day by every tail fry.
On July 6th, 2012, take and throw oar angle class and fairy shrimp as main, every day, every tail was thrown something and fed 100～200, and wheel animalcule and artifical compound feed are auxiliary, 10～20/ml of SS type wheel animalcule wherein, artifical compound feed 5～10 grams/ten thousand tails.
On July 9th, 2012, take and throw artifical compound feed as main, its consumption is every ten thousand tail 50 grams every day, and take oar angle class and fairy shrimp as auxiliary, its consumption be every day every tail throw something and feed 50～100.
8, emerge and the fry body is long and survival rate detects:
On July 13rd, 2012, collect fry, through 500 tails of sampling, recording minimum gauge is 1.3cm, is 2.8cm to the maximum, and specification is irregular larger, and the fry individuality below 2cm is thin and weak, and vigor is poor, and quantity is 36.5 ten thousand tails by statistics, survival rate is 36.5%.
The fry that the method for embodiment 2, embodiment 3 and Comparative Examples is cultivated contrasts as can be known, adopt the factorial seedling-culturing method of embodiment 2 and embodiment 3, the fry neat specification obtained, individual healthy and strong, output is high, quality better, and average survival is up to 60.6%.
Thus, factorial seedling-culturing method of the present invention, by each flow process process conditions of Ma Youyu factorial seedling growth are optimized, links and step technique are innovated, temperature, illumination, dissolved oxygen amount, transparency, pH value, harmful substance and the causal organism etc. of realizing indoor isolation nursery pond water quality can need to control effectively according to growing seedlings, improve the seedling raising environment condition comprehensively, strengthen fry resistance and resistance against diseases, improve fry quality and survival rate.The invention solves the key technology that Ma Youyu grows seedlings, a kind of high-efficiency environment friendly pattern of growing seedlings is provided, is that mariculture industry increases new high-end breed variety, has filled up the blank of domestic Ma Youyu seedling growing process.
Finally should be noted that; above embodiment is only be used to illustrating technical scheme of the present invention but not limiting the scope of the invention; although with reference to preferred embodiment, the present invention is explained in detail; those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that; can modify or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention, and not break away from essence and the scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. the factorial seedling-culturing method of horse friend fish is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
Between step 1, isolation seedling culturing vehicle and nursery pond and disinfecting:
1) each 828m between the isolation seedling culturing vehicle
2, 2 groups of minute left and right, the nursery pond of totally 20 indoor isolation, each nursery pond 20 m
2, the high 1.5m in pond;
2) with the molten water of strong chlorine oil 1kg, making concentration is 200ppm, between seedling culturing vehicle, reaching the nursery pond thorough disinfection;
The integrated treatment of step 2, water for larval nursing:
1) seawater is evacuated to high-level reservoir successively after rough sand, fine sand, active carbon, screen filtration, and the area of described high-level reservoir is 100m
2, high 3m;
2) in high-level reservoir, carry out the dark precipitation more than 24 hours;
3) chemistry, physical treatment: with strong chlorine oil 5ppm, carry out thorough disinfection, after 24 hours, neutralize and detoxify also aeration more than 48 hours with sodium thiosulfate 2.5ppm, and pass through the high velocity stream water treatment;
4) three grades of husky filters are processed: at first through the husky filter of the first order: finger stone, 20 eye mesh screens, rough sand filter, the then husky filter through the second level: for rough sand, 80 eye mesh screens, fine sand filter, be finally the husky filter of the third level: active carbon, 150 eye mesh screens, fine sand filter;
5) to adding in nursery pond seawater after above-mentioned processing to 1.3m, regulating salinity is that 27.0 ‰～32.3 ‰, pH values are 7.8～8.5, and dissolved oxygen amount is 4.8～5.3mg/ml;
6) throw in disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 3.0ppm, refreshing bright and beautiful 1.5ppm, complexing heavy metal and other noxious material of releasing;
The preparation of step 3, the open-mouthed bait of growing seedlings:
1) foundation in bait pond:
Between each isolation seedling culturing vehicle, be equipped with 2, bait pond, the area in each bait pond is 2 mu, and the depth of water is 1.3m;
2) disinfecting of bait pond:
With 50ppm Eusol full pool spilling head sterilization, oxygenation throw in sodium thiosulfate 5ppm neutralisation treatment after 72 hours;
3) fertilising: sterilize after 96 hours, drop into fish slurry every mu of bait pond of 100kg/, sodium nitrate 1.0ppm and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.1ppm as fertilizer sources;
4) inoculation bacterium and algae:
Drop into fish slurry second day, inoculation EM bacterium, micro-algae and marine yeast, the foundation bait of cultivation SS type wheel animalcule;
5) inoculating rotifer:
Drop into the fish slurry after 5 days, inoculation SS type wheel animalcule when water clarity reaches 20cm, the inoculation quantity of SS type wheel animalcule is 10～20/ml;
6) inoculation is latter 2～3 days, and the concentration of SS type wheel animalcule reaches 2500～5000/ml, can collect the fry of throwing something and feeding;
The input of step 4, horse friend fish fertilized egg:
1) select that the ovum grain is full, not damaged or the fertilized egg that has foreign material to adhere to;
2) fertilized egg, with after 1.5ppm iodine liquid disinfectant 10min, is dropped into nursery pond;
3) breeding density is 1.0～1.3 ten thousand/m
3
Step 5, seedling management:
1, water quality management:
1) throw in beneficial microbe, described beneficial microbe is photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus subtilis and Chaetoceros muelleri, and wherein the working concentration of photosynthetic bacteria is 3 * 10
2Cfu/ml～3 * 10
4Cfu/ml, the working concentration of bacillus subtilis are 125 * 10
4Cfu/ml～135 * 10
4Cfu/ml, Chaetoceros muelleri concentration is 0.6 * 10
8～1 * 10
8Individual/l, the maintenance water quality transparency is 50～60cm;
2) threw in disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 1.5ppm and B B-complex platinum combination 1.0ppm in every 5 days, prevent stress with improvement water quality;
3) according to variation of water, change water, each quantity of exchanged water is 30～50cm, throws in immediately B B-complex platinum combination 0.5ppm after changing water;
4) every day with siphonage by pond at the bottom of dirt clean out;
2, the control of temperature:
During the fertilized egg lower storage reservoir, temperature is controlled at 26 ℃, raises later every day 0.5 ℃, until 31 ℃ also keep stable;
3, feedstuff feeding management:
Throw in fertilized egg 2 days, fry be take self yolk and is nutrition, the SS type of throwing something and feeding after 2 days wheel animalcule, and 30～60/ml throws something and feeds every day; After 7 days every day 20～30/ml of SS type wheel animalcule that continues to throw something and feed, also increase throw something and feed oar angle class and fairy shrimp, consumption be every day every tail fry throw something and feed 40～50; After 12 days, take and throw something and feed oar angle class and fairy shrimp as main, take SS type wheel animalcule and artifical compound feed as auxiliary, wherein oar angle class and fairy shrimp every tail every day are thrown something and fed 100～200, and SS type wheel animalcule consumption is 10～20/ml, and the artifical compound feed consumption is grams/ten thousand tails every days 5～10; After 15 days, take and throw something and feed artifical compound feed as main, take and throw something and feed oar angle class and fairy shrimp as auxiliary, wherein, the artifical compound feed consumption is grams/ten thousand tails every days 50, oar angle class and fairy shrimp consumption be every day every tail throw something and feed 50～100; After after 18 days, fry grows to 2～3cm, emerge;
4, illumination is controlled:
By skylight and side window sunshade net controlled light intensity, during the fertilized egg lower storage reservoir, controlling intensity of illumination is 1000 Lx, improves 250Lx later every day, and final controlled light intensity is 4000～4500 Lx;
5, divide the management of fraction pond:
After fry grew to 1.5cm, specification is differentiation gradually just, and uneven situation is arranged, and need divide with net sieve fraction pond fosterly, and concrete steps are as follows:
1) adopt the seawater after the husky filter of secondary is processed to be added into foster pond of each minute, the depth of water is 1.2～1.4m, throw in disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 1.5ppm and B B-complex platinum combination 1.0ppm, regulate various physical and chemical factors identical with former nursery pond, pre-cast oar angle class or fairy shrimp, usage amount are 30～40 of every tail fries;
2) adopt 8 orders and 10 purpose screen clothes that fry is carried out to classification: the fry that is less than 1.5cm is put into the Fen Yang pond No. 1, and the fry of 1.5～1.9cm is put into the Fen Yang pond No. 2, and the above fry of 2cm is put into No. 3 Fen Yang ponds or sells;
Sell in the pond that goes out of step 6, fry:
1) fry was cultivated through 18 days, generally can reach 2～3cm, now can emerge;
2) salinity that front salinity of putting the water body in pond according to fry in a suitable place to breed progressively regulates the nursery pond water body of emerging, regulate that salinity is poor is no more than 5 ‰ every day, and while emerging, the salinity of nursery pond water body and fry put that the salinity of water body in pond is poor is no more than 10 ‰ in a suitable place to breed;
3) emerge and stopped throwing something and feeding in first 12 hours;
4) water of emerging is thrown B B-complex platinum combination 1ppm, and preventing stress.
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