CN113647345A - Industrial artificial breeding method for Scorzonera gigas - Google Patents
Industrial artificial breeding method for Scorzonera gigas Download PDFInfo
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- CN113647345A CN113647345A CN202110875084.3A CN202110875084A CN113647345A CN 113647345 A CN113647345 A CN 113647345A CN 202110875084 A CN202110875084 A CN 202110875084A CN 113647345 A CN113647345 A CN 113647345A
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- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 241000186660 Lactobacillus Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
- C02F2101/166—Nitrites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
- C02F3/347—Use of yeasts or fungi
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for industrially artificially breeding golden drum fish, which realizes the industrial artificially breeding of the golden drum fish by laying a fish pond, managing water quality, putting density, feeding feed and constructing an ecological environment, and realizes the aims of quick growth and high survival rate of the golden drum fish, wherein the survival rate of the golden drum fish is higher than 90 percent, and the average weight of the cultured golden drum fish fries after 5 months is higher than 290 g.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of cultivation of golden drum fishes, in particular to an industrial artificial breeding method for the golden drum fishes.
Background
The drum fish is also named as a small drum fish, and is flat and disc-shaped, the body length is about 20-30 cm, the body is orange red, tens of black round spots are distributed on the surface of the drum fish, the drum fish is similar to a small drum, the back of the drum fish is high-rising, the mouth is small, the scales are fine, the fish body is yellow brown, a plurality of black round spots are distributed, the abdomen of the drum fish is silvery white, and the drum fish is also similar to a drum fish in body shape but has a silver body surface color and is generally named as a drum fish. The drum fish tail fin is wide and stiff and smooth. Is euryhaline omnivorous fish, mainly feeds on algae and small benthic invertebrates, and is distributed in India-Pacific tropical sea area. At present, related documents also record culture methods of the golden drum fishes, for example, "desalination culture tests of a pond for the golden drum fishes" published in the ocean and fishery, flood fighting and the like in 2008, 08 th year ", the cultivation of the golden drum fishes is realized through preparation of a test pond, fish fry feeding, feed management, water quality management and disease prevention, the culture time of the culture method is winter, and the culture points are located in the county of the southern Hainan province, the time of the winter is short, the temperature of the summer is hot, and the weather is typhoon. CN202010153816.3 an indoor pond ecological polyculture method of sipunculus nudus, ostrea rivularis and golden drum fish, which improves the culture effect by polyculture of sipunculus nudus, ostrea rivularis and golden drum fish. The invention does not solve how to maintain the survival rate of the golden drum fish in the face of high temperature weather and typhoon weather. Therefore, the invention provides a method for industrially producing artificial fries of the golden drum fish, which can be used for culturing the golden drum fish all the year round, is not influenced by climate and improves the survival rate of the golden drum fish.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides a method for industrially producing artificial fish fries of the golden drum fish, which can be used for cultivating the golden drum fish all the year round, is not influenced by climate and improves the survival rate of the golden drum fish.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
s1: laying fish pond
Building a round fish pond at a shade place, wherein the depth of the round fish pond is 1.5-1.8 m, mixing kaolin and cement, smearing the mixture on the periphery of the fish pond, paving sea sand at the bottom of the fish pond, paving yellow river jade and tourmaline on the surface of the sea sand, and installing a lighting lamp;
s2: water quality management
Filtering seawater, wherein the filtering material is prepared from tourmaline powder, graphite flakes, macroporous resin, chitosan and activated carbon, the first seawater replacement time is 5-7 days after the fry is put into the pond, the seawater replacement time is 20-25 days after the seawater replacement for the first time, biological preparations are sprayed every 10-15 days, the seawater depth in the fish pond is kept to be 1.0-1.4 m, the pH value is 6-7, and the salinity is 8-12 per mill;
s3: throwing density
Putting 100-150 fish fries of the golden drum fish per square meter;
s4: feeding feed
The feeding mass ratio is 0.5-0.8: 1-10: 3-7 of cabbage leaves, bait and a feed for the golden drum fish, wherein the feed for the golden drum fish is prepared from shelled melon seeds, lard oil, schizochytrium limacinum powder, gynostemma pentaphylla powder, seal oil, shrimp shell powder, wheat flour, placenta hominis, caulis spatholobi, agilawood leaves and water.
S5: construction of ecological environment
Aquatic plants and Botryococcus are planted in the fish pond.
Further, in step S1, the mass ratio of the kaolin to the cement is 1: 0.3-0.5, wherein the mass ratio of the Huangheyu to the tourmaline is 1: 1-2, and the laying thickness is 5-7 cm.
Further, in step S2, the filtering material is prepared from, by weight, 5-8 parts of tourmaline powder, 1-3 parts of graphite flakes, 10-13 parts of macroporous resin, 2-4 parts of chitosan and 15-20 parts of activated carbon,
further, in step S2, the discharge amount of the seawater replacement is 10 to 20%.
Further, in step S4, the bait includes one or more of rotifer, fairy shrimp larvae, live mysidacea larvae, copepods, and cladocerans.
Further, in step S1, the thickness of the sea sand is 30-40 cm.
Further, in step S4, the feed for the golden drum fish is prepared from, by weight, 7-10 parts of shelled melon seeds, 3-5 parts of lard oil, 20-30 parts of schizochytrium limacinum powder, 15-25 parts of gynostemma pentaphyllum powder, 0.5-1.5 parts of seal oil, 10-15 parts of shrimp shell powder, 30-40 parts of wheat flour, 3-5 parts of placenta hominis, 3-5 parts of caulis spatholobi, 7-10 parts of agilawood leaves and 3-5 parts of water.
Further, the preparation method of the feed for the golden drum fish comprises the following steps:
(1) sealing and fermenting the agilawood leaves, the caulis spatholobi and the purple chervile for 10-12 days at the fermentation temperature of 40-45 ℃ to prepare a traditional Chinese medicine fermentation product;
(2) mashing shelled melon seeds and traditional Chinese medicine fermentation products, adding lard oil, schizochytrium limacinum powder, gynostemma pentaphylla powder, seal oil, shrimp shell powder, wheat flour and water, and mixing to obtain a soft material of the golden drum fish feed;
(3) granulating the soft material of the goldfish feed by using a spray drying method, wherein the spray drying method adopts a spray gun type spray dryer, and the temperature is 150-180 ℃; the pressure of the spray gun is 0.5MPa to 1.2 MPa; the caliber of the spray gun is 0.6 mm-1.5 mm.
Further, in step S1, the light source of the illumination lamp is blue green light, the intensity of the light source is 50 to 150lx, and the illumination time is repeated at intervals of 18 to 24 hours during the cultivation period.
Further, in step S4, the mass ratio of the larval fish to the feed is 0.5 to 0.8: 1-3: 3-7 parts of cabbage leaves, bait and feed for the golden drum fish; 15-30 days, and feeding the materials according to the mass ratio of 0.5-0.8: 2-6: 3-7 parts of cabbage leaves, bait and feed for the golden drum fish; and (3) from 30 days to the fishing period, the feeding mass ratio is 0.5-0.8: 5-10: 3-7 parts of cabbage leaves, bait and feed for the golden drum fish.
Further, in step S5, the planting density of the aquatic weeds is 30-100 g per square meter, and the planting density of the grape algae is 200-300 g per square meter.
Further, in step S3, the biological agent is prepared from 2-7 parts by weight of enterobacter cloacae, 1-3 parts by weight of lactobacillus liquid, 10-14 parts by weight of zeolite powder, 3-5 parts by weight of Kluyveromyces fragilis and 50-100 parts by weight of water, and the spraying amount of the biological agent is 50-70 g/square meter.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, the industrial artificial breeding of the golden drum fish is realized through fishpond laying, water quality management, feeding density, feed feeding and ecological environment construction, and the breeding method of the golden drum fish is obviously improved in three aspects of ecological benefit, economic benefit and breeding benefit. The method realizes the aims of rapid growth and high survival rate of the golden drum fish, the survival rate of the golden drum fish is higher than 90%, the average weight of the cultured golden drum fish fries after 5 months reaches 290g, the water quality of the fishpond is effectively controlled, and the environmental quality standard of GB3838-2002 surface water is met through random sampling and spot inspection.
(2) The yellow river jade and the tourmaline are adopted in the laying of the fish pond, the kaolin and the cement are mixed and coated on the periphery of the fish pond, the oxygen content in the fish pond is favorably improved, the aquatic plants and the botryococcus are planted, the food is provided for the golden drum fish, and the oxygen content in the water body is improved through the irradiation of the lighting lamp. The invention not only promotes the photosynthesis of the plants at the bottom of the pond through the illuminating lamp, but also regulates and controls the temperature of the water body in the pond through long-time irradiation and induces the golden drum fish to eat. The invention improves the stress capability of the golden drum fish by intermittent long-time illumination, and large-area death can not occur in the hot summer and typhoon resistant weather.
(3) The filtering material selected by the invention not only effectively filters harmful impurities in seawater, but also has strong oil removing capability, strictly controls the seawater quality, and improves the culture quality of the golden drum fish. The method effectively maintains the quantity of plankton in the fishpond and the quality of the seawater in the fishpond by replacing the seawater time, and controls the levels of ammoniacal nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in water by matching with a biological agent. A large number of experiments show that the pH value of the seawater is 6-7, the salinity is 8-12 per mill, the rapid growth of the Scomber formosanus is facilitated, and the occurrence of diseases of the Scomber formosanus is reduced.
(4) The feed provided by the invention is rich in fatty acid, vitamin, calcium, sodium and other nutritional ingredients, and can accelerate the growth of the goldfish and reduce the death rate of the goldfish.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the invention, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the invention.
The experimental methods used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The materials, reagents and the like used in the examples of the present invention can be obtained commercially without specific description.
Example 1 Industrial Artificial rearing method of Scorzonera gigas
(1) Laying fish pond
Building a round fishpond at a shade place, wherein the depth is 1.5m, and kaolin and cement are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.3, mixing, smearing the mixture on the periphery of a fish pond, paving sea sand at the bottom of the fish pond, wherein the thickness is 30cm, and the paving mass ratio of the surface of the sea sand is 1: 1 yellow river jade and tourmaline, the laying thickness is 5cm, the lighting lamp is installed, the light source of the lighting lamp is blue green light, the intensity of the light source is 50lx, and the irradiation time is repeated every 18h during the cultivation period.
(2) Water quality management
Filtering seawater, wherein the filtering material is prepared from 5 parts by weight of tourmaline powder, 1 part by weight of graphite flakes, 10 parts by weight of macroporous resin, 2 parts by weight of chitosan and 15 parts by weight of activated carbon, the first seawater replacement time is 5 days after a fry is put into a pond, the seawater replacement discharge amount is 10% after the seawater replacement is carried out for the first time, the seawater depth in the pond is kept to be 1.2m, the pH value is 6-7, the salinity is 8-12 per mill, and a biological preparation is sprayed every 10 days and is prepared from 2 parts by weight of enterobacter cloacae, 1 part by weight of lactobacillus solution, 10 parts by weight of zeolite powder, 3 parts by weight of Kluyveromyces fragilis and 50 parts by weight of water.
(3) Throwing density
And putting 100 fish fries of the golden drum fish per square meter.
(4) Feeding feed
The cabbage leaves, the bait and the golden drum fish feed are put in, and the golden drum fish feed is prepared from 7 parts of shelled melon seeds, 3 parts of lard oil, 20 parts of schizochytrium limacinum powder, 15 parts of gynostemma pentaphylla powder, 0.5 part of seal oil, 10 parts of shrimp shell powder, 30 parts of wheat flour, 3 parts of placenta hominis, 3 parts of caulis spatholobi, 7 parts of agilawood leaves and 3 parts of water. 1-15 days after the larval fish is put into the fish tank, the putting mass ratio is 0.5: 1: 3, Chinese cabbage leaves, bait and feed for the golden drum fish; 15-30 days, the feeding mass ratio is 0.5: 2: 3, Chinese cabbage leaves, bait and feed for the golden drum fish; and in the period from 30 days to the fishing period, the feeding mass ratio is 0.5: 5: 3, cabbage leaves, bait and feed for the golden drum fish.
(5) Construction of ecological environment
Planting water plants and grape algae in the fish pond, wherein the planting density of the water plants is 30 grams per square meter, and the planting density of the grape algae is 200 per square meter.
(6) The culture time is from 7 months in 2020 to 11 months in 2020.
Example 2 Industrial Artificial rearing method of Scorzonera gigas
(1) Laying fish pond
Building a round fishpond at a shade place, wherein the depth of the round fishpond is 1.8m, and kaolin and cement are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.5, mixing, smearing the mixture on the periphery of a fish pond, paving sea sand at the bottom of the fish pond, wherein the thickness is 40cm, and the paving mass ratio of the sea sand surface is 1: 2, paving 7cm of yellow river jade and tourmaline, installing a lighting lamp, wherein the light source of the lighting lamp is blue green light, the intensity of the light source is 150lx, and the light is repeatedly irradiated at intervals of 24h during the culture period.
(2) Water quality management
Filtering seawater, wherein the filtering material is prepared from 8 parts by weight of tourmaline powder, 3 parts by weight of graphite flakes, 13 parts by weight of macroporous resin, 4 parts by weight of chitosan and 20 parts by weight of activated carbon, the first seawater replacement time is 7 days after a fry is put into a pond, the seawater replacement time is 25 days after the seawater replacement for the first time, the seawater replacement discharge amount is 20%, the seawater depth in the pond is kept to be 1.4m, the pH value is 6-7, the salinity is 8-12 per mill, and a biological agent is sprayed every 15 days, and the biological agent is prepared from 7 parts by weight of enterobacter cloacae, 3 parts by weight of lactobacillus solution, 14 parts by weight of zeolite powder, 5 parts by weight of Kluyveromyces fragilis and 100 parts by weight of water, and the spraying amount of the biological agent is 70 per gram.
(3) Throwing density
And putting 150 fish fries of the golden drum fish per square meter.
(4) Feeding feed
The cabbage leaves, the bait and the golden drum fish feed are put in, and the golden drum fish feed is prepared from 10 parts of shelled melon seeds, 5 parts of lard oil, 30 parts of schizochytrium limacinum powder, 25 parts of gynostemma pentaphylla powder, 1.5 parts of seal oil, 15 parts of shrimp shell powder, 40 parts of wheat flour, 5 parts of placenta hominis, 5 parts of caulis spatholobi, 10 parts of agilawood leaves and 5 parts of water. 1-15 days after the larval fish is put into the fish tank, the putting mass ratio is 0.8: 3: 7, Chinese cabbage leaves, bait and feed for the golden drum fish; 15-30 days, the feeding mass ratio is 0.8: 6: 7, Chinese cabbage leaves, bait and feed for the golden drum fish; and in the period from 30 days to the fishing period, the feeding mass ratio is 0.8: 10: 7 cabbage leaves, bait and feed for golden drum fish.
(5) Construction of ecological environment
Planting the aquatic weeds and the grape algae in the fish pond, wherein the planting density of the aquatic weeds is 100 grams per square meter, and the planting density of the grape algae is 300 grams per square meter.
(6) The culture time is from 7 months in 2020 to 11 months in 2020.
Example 3 Industrial Artificial rearing method of Scorzonera gigas
(1) Laying fish pond
Building a round fishpond at a shade place, wherein the depth is 1.7m, and kaolin and cement are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.4, mixing, smearing the mixture on the periphery of a fish pond, paving sea sand at the bottom of the fish pond, wherein the thickness of the sea sand is 35cm, and the paving mass ratio of the surfaces of the sea sand is 1: 1.5 the yellow river jade and the tourmaline are paved with the thickness of 6cm, the illuminating lamp is installed, the light source of the illuminating lamp is blue green light, the intensity of the light source is 100lx, and the illumination time is repeated at intervals of 22h during the cultivation.
(2) Water quality management
Filtering seawater, wherein the filtering material is prepared from 7 parts by weight of tourmaline powder, 2 parts by weight of graphite flakes, 12 parts by weight of macroporous resin, 3 parts by weight of chitosan and 17 parts by weight of activated carbon, the first seawater replacement time is 6 days after the fry is put into the pond, the seawater replacement discharge amount is 15% after the seawater replacement is carried out for the first time, the seawater depth in the pond is kept to be 1.3m, the pH value is 6-7, the salinity is 8-12 per mill, biological agents are sprayed every 13 days, the biological agents are prepared from 5 parts by weight of enterobacter cloacae, 2 parts by weight of lactobacillus liquid, 12 parts by weight of zeolite powder, 4 parts by weight of Kluyveromyces fragilis and 80 parts by weight of water, and the spraying amount of the biological agents is 60 g/s.
(3) Throwing density
And putting 125 fish fries of the golden drum fish per square meter.
(4) Feeding feed
The cabbage leaves, the bait and the golden drum fish feed are put in, and the golden drum fish feed is prepared from 8 parts of shelled melon seeds, 4 parts of lard oil, 25 parts of schizochytrium limacinum powder, 20 parts of gynostemma pentaphylla powder, 1 part of seal oil, 12 parts of shrimp shell powder, 35 parts of wheat flour, 4 parts of placenta hominis, 4 parts of caulis spatholobi, 8 parts of agilawood leaves and 4 parts of water. 1-15 days after the larval fish is put into the fish tank, the putting mass ratio is 0.7: 2: 3-7 parts of cabbage leaves, bait and feed for the golden drum fish; 15-30 days, the feeding mass ratio is 0.7: 4: 5, Chinese cabbage leaves, bait and feed for the golden drum fish; and in the period from 30 days to the fishing period, the feeding mass ratio is 0.7: 8: 5, Chinese cabbage leaves, bait and feed for the golden drum fish.
(5) Construction of ecological environment
Planting water plants and grape algae in the fish pond, wherein the planting density of the water plants is 60g per square meter, and the planting density of the grape algae is 250g per square meter.
(6) The culture time is from 7 months in 2020 to 11 months in 2020.
Example 4 Industrial Artificial rearing method of Scorzonera gigas
(1) Laying fish pond
Building a round fishpond at a shade place, wherein the depth of the round fishpond is 1.6m, and kaolin and cement are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.5, mixing, smearing the mixture on the periphery of a fish pond, paving sea sand at the bottom of the fish pond, wherein the thickness is 40cm, and the paving mass ratio of the sea sand surface is 1: 1 yellow river jade and tourmaline, the laying thickness is 5cm, the lighting lamp is installed, the light source of the lighting lamp is blue green light, the intensity of the light source is 100lx, and the irradiation time is repeated every 20h during the cultivation period.
(2) Water quality management
Filtering seawater, wherein the filtering material is prepared from 8 parts by weight of tourmaline powder, 1 part by weight of graphite flakes, 13 parts by weight of macroporous resin, 2 parts by weight of chitosan and 15 parts by weight of activated carbon, the first seawater replacement time is 7 days after a fry is put into a pond, the seawater replacement time is 20 days after the seawater replacement for the first time, the seawater replacement discharge amount is 15%, the seawater depth in the pond is kept to be 1.2m, the pH value is 6-7, the salinity is 8-12 per mill, and a biological agent is sprayed every 14 days, and the biological agent is prepared from 4 parts by weight of enterobacter cloacae, 3 parts by weight of lactobacillus solution, 13 parts by weight of zeolite powder, 3 parts by weight of Kluyveromyces fragilis and 60 parts by weight of water, and the spraying amount of the biological agent is 55 g/square meter.
(3) Throwing density
And putting 125 fish fries of the golden drum fish per square meter.
(4) Feeding feed
The cabbage leaves, the bait and the golden drum fish feed are put in, and the golden drum fish feed is prepared from 7 parts of shelled melon seeds, 5 parts of lard oil, 30 parts of schizochytrium limacinum powder, 15 parts of gynostemma pentaphylla powder, 1.5 parts of seal oil, 10 parts of shrimp shell powder, 40 parts of wheat flour, 5 parts of placenta hominis, 3 parts of caulis spatholobi, 10 parts of agilawood leaves and 3 parts of water. 1-15 days after the larval fish is put into the fish tank, the putting mass ratio is 0.5: 2: 7, Chinese cabbage leaves, bait and feed for the golden drum fish; 15-30 days, the feeding mass ratio is 0.5: 4: 3, Chinese cabbage leaves, bait and feed for the golden drum fish; and in the period from 30 days to the fishing period, the feeding mass ratio is 0.5: 8: 5, Chinese cabbage leaves, bait and feed for the golden drum fish.
(5) Construction of ecological environment
Planting water plants and grape algae in the fish pond, wherein the planting density of the water plants is 60g per square meter, and the planting density of the grape algae is 250g per square meter.
(6) The culture time is from 7 months in 2020 to 11 months in 2020.
Example 5 Industrial Artificial rearing method of Scorzonera gigas
The steps 1-5 are the same as the example 1, and the cultivation time is 3 months to 7 months in 2020.
Example 6 Industrial Artificial rearing method of Scorzonera gigas
The steps 1-5 are the same as the example 1, and the cultivation period is from 2020 to 11 months to 2021 and 3 months.
In embodiments 1 to 6, the preparation method of the feed for the goldfish comprises the following steps:
(1) sealing and fermenting the agilawood leaves, the caulis spatholobi and the purple placenta river for 11 days at the fermentation temperature of 40 ℃ to obtain a traditional Chinese medicine fermentation product;
(2) mashing shelled melon seeds and traditional Chinese medicine fermentation products, adding lard oil, schizochytrium limacinum powder, gynostemma pentaphylla powder, seal oil, shrimp shell powder, wheat flour and water, and mixing to obtain a soft material of the golden drum fish feed;
(3) granulating the soft material of the goldfish feed by using a spray drying method, wherein the spray drying method adopts a spray gun type spray dryer, and the temperature is 160 ℃; the pressure of the spray gun is 0.8 MPa; the caliber of the spray gun is 1.0 mm.
Comparative example 1
On the basis of the embodiment 3, in the step (1), the yellow river jade and the tourmaline are replaced by the yellow river jade and the vesuvianite, specifically, a round fishpond is built in a shade place, the depth is 1.3m, and kaolin and cement are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.4, mixing, smearing the mixture on the periphery of a fish pond, paving sea sand and sea sand at the bottom of the fish pond, wherein the thickness of the sea sand and the sea sand are 35cm, and the paving mass ratio of the sea sand surface is 1: 11.5 the yellow river jade and the tourmaline are paved with the thickness of 6cm, and the illuminating lamp is installed.
Comparative example 2
On the basis of the embodiment 3, in the step (2), the pH value of the seawater is adjusted to 7-8, and the salinity is 13-15 per mill, specifically, the seawater is filtered, the filtering material is prepared from tourmaline powder, graphite flakes, macroporous resin, chitosan and activated carbon, the seawater is replaced for 5-7 days after the fry is put into the pond for the first time, the seawater is replaced every 20-25 days after the seawater is replaced for the first time, the seawater depth in the fish pond is kept to be 0.8-0.9 m, the pH value is adjusted to 7-8, and the salinity is 13-15 per mill.
Comparative example 3
In addition to example 3, in the step (4), the feed for the goldfish is replaced by a commercial feed (Tongwei fish feed), specifically, cabbage leaves, bait and the commercial feed are put in, and the mass ratio of the bait to the commercial feed is 0.5: 2: 7 cabbage leaves, bait and commercial feed; 15-30 days, the feeding mass ratio is 0.5: 4: 3, cabbage leaves, bait and commercial feed; and in the period from 30 days to the fishing period, the feeding mass ratio is 0.5: 8: 5, cabbage leaves, bait and commercial feed.
Test examples
The method comprises the steps of culturing in a harbor area of a new village in Lingshui county of Hainan province, wherein the area of a fishpond is 30 square meters, culturing in each of examples 1-6 and comparative examples 1-3 by using one fishpond, testing in 9 fishponds in total, feeding at 6:30 and 7 points later every day, and counting the survival rate and weight of the seedlings of the golden drum fish after the culturing is finished, wherein the survival rate is the sum of total input amount and dead fish catching per day/total input amount is 100%, and the weight is calculated by randomly extracting 100 fish seedlings.
Before the first water change and the third water change, water samples are taken in the morning to detect the oxygen content and the ammonia nitrogen content.
The oxygen content in the water body is detected according to GB/T7489-1987 iodine content determination method for water quality dissolved oxygen.
And detecting the content of ammonia nitrogen in the water body according to GB 7479-87.
Experimental results show that the industrial artificial breeding method for the golden drum fishes effectively controls the ammonia nitrogen content of the water body and accords with the GB3838-2002 surface water environment quality standard, in the embodiment, the temperature in south China of the sea of 12 months in 2020 is lower than that in the past year when the golden drum fishes meet typhoon weather in 7-10 months by feeding at different time intervals, and the survival rate and the golden drum fish weight data show that the breeding method for the golden drum fishes effectively overcomes weather factors, improves the survival rate of the golden drum fishes, and ensures that the breeding weight of the golden drum fishes reaches more than 290g after the breeding is finished.
Comparative example 1 the Huanghe jade and tourmaline are replaced by the Huanghe jade and vesuvianite, the rotting speed of the feed which is not used up by the golden drum fish in water is accelerated, the pH value is slightly fluctuated, the oxygen content and the survival rate are reduced, and the nitrogen and ammonia content is increased; comparative example 2 adjusting the pH value of the seawater to 7-8, adjusting the salinity to 13-15 per mill, obviously reducing the oxygen content in the water, increasing the nitrogen and ammonia content, and reducing the survival rate due to the change of the water quality, wherein the water quality control parameters are obtained by a large number of experiments, and the water quality is a key factor of the breeding of the Scomber formosanus; comparative example 3 the feed of the present invention is rich in various nutrients, not only can accelerate growth of the young goldfish, but also can reduce death rate of the young goldfish.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. An industrial artificial breeding method for the Scorzonera gigas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: laying fish pond
Building a round fish pond at a shade place, wherein the depth of the round fish pond is 1.5-1.8 m, mixing kaolin and cement, smearing the mixture on the periphery of the fish pond, paving sea sand at the bottom of the fish pond, paving yellow river jade and tourmaline on the surface of the sea sand, and installing a lighting lamp;
s2: water quality management
Filtering seawater, wherein the filtering material is prepared from tourmaline powder, graphite flakes, macroporous resin, chitosan and activated carbon, the first seawater replacement time is 5-7 days after the fry is put into the pond, the seawater replacement time is 20-25 days after the seawater replacement for the first time, biological preparations are sprayed every 10-15 days, the seawater depth in the fish pond is kept to be 1.0-1.4 m, the pH value is 6-7, and the salinity is 8-12 per mill;
s3: throwing density
Putting 100-150 fish fries of the golden drum fish per square meter;
s4: feeding feed
The feeding mass ratio is 0.5-0.8: 1-10: 3-7 of cabbage leaves, bait and a feed for the golden drum fish, wherein the feed for the golden drum fish is prepared from shelled melon seeds, lard oil, schizochytrium limacinum powder, gynostemma pentaphylla powder, seal oil, shrimp shell powder, wheat flour, placenta hominis, caulis spatholobi, agilawood leaves and water;
s5: construction of ecological environment
Aquatic plants and Botryococcus are planted in the fish pond.
2. The industrial artificial breeding method of the golden drum fish as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the mass ratio of the kaolin to the cement is 1: 0.3-0.5, wherein the mass ratio of the Huangheyu to the tourmaline is 1: 1-2, and the laying thickness is 5-7 cm.
3. The industrial artificial breeding method of the goldfish according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the filtering material is made of, by weight, 5 to 8 parts of tourmaline powder, 1 to 3 parts of graphite flakes, 10 to 13 parts of macroporous resin, 2 to 4 parts of chitosan, and 15 to 20 parts of activated carbon, and the discharge amount of seawater replacement is 10 to 20%.
4. The industrial artificial breeding method of the golden drum fish according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the bait comprises one or more of rotifer, fairy shrimp nauplii, live mysorethorn larvae, copepods and cladocera.
5. The industrial artificial breeding method of the golden drum fish according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the golden drum fish feed is prepared from 7-10 parts by weight of shelled melon seeds, 3-5 parts by weight of lard oil, 20-30 parts by weight of schizochytrium limacinum powder, 15-25 parts by weight of gynostemma pentaphylla powder, 0.5-1.5 parts by weight of seal oil, 10-15 parts by weight of shrimp shell powder, 30-40 parts by weight of wheat flour, 3-5 parts by weight of placenta hominis, 3-5 parts by weight of caulis Spatholobi, 7-10 parts by weight of agilawood leaves and 3-5 parts by weight of water.
6. The industrial artificial breeding method of the Scorzonera octopus as claimed in claim 1 or 6, wherein the preparation method of the Scorzonera octopus feed comprises the following steps:
(1) sealing and fermenting the agilawood leaves, the caulis spatholobi and the purple chervile for 10-12 days at the fermentation temperature of 40-45 ℃ to prepare a traditional Chinese medicine fermentation product;
(2) mashing shelled melon seeds and traditional Chinese medicine fermentation products, adding lard oil, schizochytrium limacinum powder, gynostemma pentaphylla powder, seal oil, shrimp shell powder, wheat flour and water, and mixing to obtain a soft material of the golden drum fish feed;
(3) granulating the soft material of the goldfish feed by using a spray drying method, wherein the spray drying method adopts a spray gun type spray dryer, and the temperature is 150-180 ℃; the pressure of the spray gun is 0.5MPa to 1.2 MPa; the caliber of the spray gun is 0.6 mm-1.5 mm.
7. The method for industrially raising the seedlings of the goldfish as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S1, the light source of the illumination lamp is blue-green light, the intensity of the light source is 50 to 150lx, the illumination time is the culture period, and the illumination is repeated at intervals of 18 to 24 hours.
8. The industrial artificial breeding method of the golden drum fish according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the mass ratio of the fries to the feed is 0.5-0.8 in 1-15 days after the fries are fed: 1-3: 3-7 parts of cabbage leaves, bait and feed for the golden drum fish; 15-30 days, and feeding the materials according to the mass ratio of 0.5-0.8: 2-6: 3-7 parts of cabbage leaves, bait and feed for the golden drum fish; and (3) from 30 days to the fishing period, the feeding mass ratio is 0.5-0.8: 5-10: 3-7 parts of cabbage leaves, bait and feed for the golden drum fish.
9. The industrial artificial breeding method for the golden drum fish of claim 1, wherein in the step S5, the planting density of the water plants is 30-100 g per square meter, and the planting density of the grape algae is 200-300 g per square meter.
10. The industrial artificial breeding method of the golden drum fish according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the biological agent is prepared from 2-7 parts by weight of enterobacter cloacae, 1-3 parts by weight of lactobacillus liquid, 10-14 parts by weight of zeolite powder, 3-5 parts by weight of Kluyveromyces fragilis and 50-100 parts by weight of water, and the spraying amount of the biological agent is 50-70 g/square meter.
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