CN102106298B - Cultivation method of panulirus stimpsoni larva - Google Patents
Cultivation method of panulirus stimpsoni larva Download PDFInfo
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- CN102106298B CN102106298B CN201110052475A CN201110052475A CN102106298B CN 102106298 B CN102106298 B CN 102106298B CN 201110052475 A CN201110052475 A CN 201110052475A CN 201110052475 A CN201110052475 A CN 201110052475A CN 102106298 B CN102106298 B CN 102106298B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention provides a cultivation method of panulirus stimpsoni larva, which comprises the steps of: A. cultivating the hatched panulirus stimpsoni by a first bait for 13-17 days, wherein the first bait comprises at least one of the artemia nauplii, the scallop fertilized eggs, the oyster fertilized eggs and the planktonic copepodid larva; B. cultivating the panulirus stimpsoni by a second bait for 8-12 days, wherein the second bait comprises the first bait of the step A and the copepodid adult; and C. continuously cultivating the panulirus stimpsoni larva till that the panulirus stimpsoni larva is completely mutated into thelarva, wherein the bait comprises a third bait, and the third bait comprises the mural copepodid adult. The cultivation method of the panulirus stimpsoni larva can cultivate the panulirus stimpsoni larva in bulk, and is high in survival rate, high in mutation rate, and high in growth speed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to aquaculture field, relate to a kind of puerulus larva breeding method particularly, relate in particular to a kind of Chinese lobster larval culture method.
Background technology
China lobster (Panulirus stimpsoni Holthuis) is the peculiar kind of China, and it is coastal mainly to originate in the South Sea and southern East China Sea and Taiwan Province, moves in the shallow sea of 40-70 meters of the depth of waters, inhabits reef slot, riprap etc. more and locates, and all dwells.
The larval culture technology of lobster class is a global problem, and wherein the bait of the young series is indeterminate is a major reason.According to existing research data; Lobster is that juvenile prawn needs growth period of metamorphosis very long more than 100 days from incubating oosperm to complete metamorphosis; It is one of kind that all aquatic products economic animal artificial propagation processes are the most complicated, difficulty is maximum; Puerulus larva has nothing in common with each other at life habit and the nutritional need of each different developmental stage, and the bait series in the artificial propagation process is not all established always; The young research of China lobster has only fragmentary report (research that artificial propagation of Chinese lobster and early stage phylbosoma larva are cultivated, Chen Changsheng etc., Fujian aquatic products, the third phase in September, 2003 at home; Lobster reproductive biology and larval culture progress; Liu Huiling etc.; 2006, Marine University Of Zhanjiang's journal, the 26th the 6th phase of volume of December in 2006); And time-to-live of Chinese puerulus larva artificial culture of report be no more than 28 days, cultivation technology and the biological feed series of the young do not have special report; In the world, the young research data of individual species lobster is more relatively, but does not also have complete cultivation technology path and bait series.Therefore, still there is not any method ability cultivation China puerulus larva in batches at present.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiency of prior art, the invention provides and a kind ofly can cultivate Chinese puerulus larva in batches, and the breeding method of survival rate, distortion ratio height and fast growth.
The present invention is achieved in that a kind of Chinese lobster larval culture method, may further comprise the steps:
A. Chinese lobster is hatched the back with first bait cultivation 13-17 days, and said first bait comprises at least a in artemia nauplii, scallop fertilized egg, oyster fertilized egg, the floatability copepod larva;
B. cultivated 8-12 days with second bait, said second bait comprises said first bait of steps A and copepoda adult;
C. continue to cultivate Chinese puerulus larva to its complete metamorphosis and become young shrimp, used bait comprises the 3rd bait, and the 3rd bait comprises attaching wall property copepoda adult.
The life style of China's puerulus larva successively for swim, swimming and the end dwell.Chinese lobster by preceding 6-8 days after hatching; Young vigor is relatively poor, and its life style is for swimming, and the life style of the nauplius of halogen worm, floatability copepod larva is also swum; And the translational speed in water body is all slower; Scallop fertilized egg and oyster fertilized egg can be evenly distributed under venting condition cultivates in the water body, and therefore, the artemia nauplii in said first bait, floatability copepod larva, scallop fertilized egg and oyster fertilized egg all help ingesting of Chinese puerulus larva.Through preceding 6-8 days of first bait throw something and feed, the mobility of Chinese puerulus larva strengthened to some extent, but therefore its life style continue to use first bait feeding still for swimming, and helped ingesting and growing of Chinese puerulus larva.
Continue to throw something and feed said first bait after a period of time, promptly use the first bait feeding 13-17 days after, the vigor of Chinese puerulus larva strengthens greatly; Its life style slowly changes swimming into, and second bait also comprises the copepoda adult except also having first bait; The mobility of copepoda adult is strong slightly than copepod larva; Use second bait feeding this moment instead, can slowly change the custom of ingesting of Chinese puerulus larva, can improve the vigor of Chinese puerulus larva again.
After the said second bait feeding 8-12 days, the life style of Chinese puerulus larva slowly changes the end into dwells, and second bait is unfavorable for ingesting of Chinese puerulus larva if continue to throw something and feed this moment; The 3rd bait comprises attaching wall property copepoda adult, and attaching the life style of wall property copepoda adult in water body is to dwell at the end; Therefore; Use the 3rd bait this moment instead and cultivate that Chinese puerulus larva helps ingesting of Chinese puerulus larva and further growth is grown, avoided Chinese puerulus larva from thereby the mortality that causes former to the life style transition process is dwelt at the end of swimming life style because of bait.
Said step C specifically can be and cultivates Chinese puerulus larva to its complete metamorphosis with the 3rd bait and become young shrimp.
But attaching wall property copepoda adult needs special alone culture (as: the violent water flea of Japanese tiger spot), and it is higher that it cultivates cost, and halogen worm adult cultivation cost is lower.Therefore, in order further to reduce the cost of Chinese lobster larval culture, the used bait of step C also comprises the 4th bait, the 4th bait comprise attach wall property copepoda adult, at least a in the halogen worm adult; Step C is specially with the 3rd bait and cultivated Chinese puerulus larva 3-6 days, cultivates Chinese puerulus larva to its complete metamorphosis with the 4th bait then and becomes young shrimp.
After said the 3rd bait feeding 3-6 days; The life style of China's puerulus larva has converted the end fully to and has dwelt; And this moment, the mobility of Chinese puerulus larva was very strong; Can use said the 4th bait feeding, particularly halogen worm adult this moment instead throws something and feeds and can't influence the ingesting and growing of Chinese puerulus larva of this moment.
When through after the cultivation of above-mentioned different schemes, the Chinese puerulus larva of being cultivated has been abnormal to be young shrimp, and vigor is very strong, after cultivating process in, can adopt minced fish or young shrimp continued cultivation with reference to Chinese prawn juvenile prawn feed.
The nutrient component of scallop fertilized egg and oyster fertilized egg is high than artemia nauplii and floatability copepod larva, but artemia nauplii more is prone to obtain, and cost is also lower.Preferably, said first bait comprises artemia nauplii and scallop fertilized egg.
Preferred, in mass fraction, artemia nauplii accounts for the 50%-70% of the first bait gross weight, and scallop fertilized egg accounts for the 30%-50% of the first bait gross weight.
Said copepoda adult comprises floatability copepoda adult, and said floatability copepoda adult comprises wise Daphnia (as: Calanus sinicus etc.), intends wise Daphnia at least a in (as: little plan wise man water flea etc.), labial angle Daphnia (as: really stinging labial angle water flea etc.), the northern Diaptomus (as: thrusting straightly northern Diaptomus, crescent north Diaptomus etc.).
Said copepoda adult can also comprise attaching wall property copepoda adult, and said attach wall property copepoda adult and comprise at least a in the violent water flea of tiger spot, very violent water flea, the very violent water flea of sharp volume.
Preferably, floatability copepoda adult number accounts for more than 90% of the total number of copepoda adult in the said copepoda adult.
Preferably, said copepoda adult accounts for the 0-65% of the second bait gross weight.
Water temperature is very crucial, too high to the cultivation of Chinese puerulus larva, can cause Chinese puerulus larva mortality; Cross lowly, Chinese puerulus larva g and D speed is slowed down.Through inventor's repeatedly experiment, the water temperature of the Chinese puerulus larva of final definite cultivation between 25-29 ℃, is the best with 25-27 ℃ preferably.
Salinity of water is also very crucial to the cultivation of Chinese puerulus larva, and under unfavorable water salinity, Chinese puerulus larva swimming is slow, and self-cleaning power is poor, and prey ability is low, very easily because of malnutritive dead.Through inventor's repeatedly experiment, the final water salinity of confirming to cultivate Chinese puerulus larva is best with 29-31 between 27-35.
In cultivating process, cultivation density and its survival rate of Chinese puerulus larva are closely related, if culture density is too high, appendage twines easily each other between Chinese puerulus larva, cause the young dead; If it is low excessively to cultivate density, then cultivating cost can raise, and through inventor's repeatedly experiment, the final cultivation density of confirming to cultivate Chinese puerulus larva is at 2000-4000 tail/m
3Between the water body.
In the cultivating process of Chinese puerulus larva; It also is very important keeping the cleaning of water body; Only guarantee that through filtering the clean effect of water body is not fine, in cultivating water body, to drop at least a in Phaeodactylum tricornutum, little diatom and the chlorella and can significantly improve water quality.The gross density of these algae in water body is advisable between 20000-50000 cell/mL.
Preferred, in the cultivating process of Chinese puerulus larva, change water 20-40% every day, to remove crude removal and residual bait.
Compared with prior art; The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: confirmed the biological feed series of Chinese lobster under the artificial culture condition,, the young in each stage has been ingested easily through adopting this biological feed series; Can also ensure the nutritional need of paedomorphosis; Can cultivate Chinese puerulus larva in batches through method of the present invention, and survival rate high (greater than 60%), distortion ratio height and fast growth, be the artificial propagation blaze the trail of Chinese lobster seed.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the present invention is done further explain.
The Chinese lobster larval culture of embodiment 1 to 5 all is in aquarium, to carry out.Said aquarium is made with the tempering clear glass, and specification is 80cm (length) * 30cm (wide) * 40cm (height), places a micropore Bubbled stone at the aquarium middle part, makes to keep the trace inflation in the water body.The cultivation aquarium is placed on indoor, and each aquarium is joined the fluorescent tube of two 40w as light source, and the intensity of illumination that keeps aquarium surface is about 2000lux.The depth of water remains on about 30cm.
Embodiment 1 to 5 said copepoda adult is to obtain like this; Collect seawater in the clean natural marine site, remove by filter bigger fishes and shrimps and other large-scale predatism biology, will pass through the seawater of above-mentioned processing and introduce Tu Chi or cement pit with 80 order screen packs; In water, add the training algal nutrient; Natural algae in the water body rapidly breeding gets up, and these algae are natural baits of copepoda, after the copepoda density in the water body reaches certain level; Algae can't have been satisfied copepoda and continued breeding and growth, must in time add yeast, algae powder and other Powdered artificial formula feed and keep the growth of copepoda.Through artificial culture with fish for; Make the copepoda adult as the bait of cultivating Chinese puerulus larva, comprise wise Daphnia (as: Calanus sinicus etc.) at least in the copepoda adult kind that is obtained, a kind of in intend wise Daphnia (as: little plan wise man water flea etc.), the labial angle Daphnia (as: really stinging labial angle water flea etc.), northern Diaptomus (as: thrusting straightly northern Diaptomus, crescent north Diaptomus etc.).
Embodiment 1 to 5 is said to attach the then cultivation separately of bait that wall property copepoda adult is the master; Its breeding method can be with reference to above-mentioned copepoda cultural method; But cultivating water body needs earlier sterile-processed; Kill all other copepoda, introduce the single wall property copepoda population that attaches and cultivate, repeat no more at this.
Method of two kinds of above-mentioned cultivation copepoda and the method for existing cultivation copepoda are basic identical.
Embodiment 1 to 3 is the Chinese lobster larval culture that utilizes the inventive method to carry out, and embodiment 4 and 5 is check experiment.
Embodiment 1
Water salinity remains between the 29-32, and water temperature maintains between 25-27 ℃, changes water 30% every day.The algae that adds in the water body is a chlorella, and its concentration is between 20000-50000 cell/mL, and main effect is the ammonia nitrogen that is used for absorbing in the water body, and the while is as the food of halogen worm, copepoda etc.
In aquarium, put into Chinese puerulus larva 200 tails of having hatched about 12 hours, since the 1st day artemia nauplii of throwing something and feeding, while small amount of supplemental scallop fertilized egg and copepoda nauplius (filtering) with 80 order screen packs.To the 15th day; Under the situation of artemia nauplii that continues to throw something and feed; Increase the ratio of copepoda adult gradually; Said copepoda adult accounts for the 0-65% of bait gross weight, and said copepoda adult comprises floatability copepoda adult and attach wall property copepoda adult that wherein floatability copepoda adult number accounts for more than 90% of the total number of copepoda adult.Since the 25th day, throw something and feed with the violent water flea of Japanese tiger spot be the master attach wall property copepoda adult, other bait of throwing something and feeding in the past begin to stop using.To attach wall property copepoda be under the main situation throwing something and feeding in beginning in the 30th day, progressively appends halogen worm adult.Cultivation to the is in the time of 60 days, and the whole metamorphosis of Chinese puerulus larva become young shrimp, and growth of Chinese lobster and abnormal situation are normal in the aquarium, 136 tails that become to live altogether, and survival rate has reached 68%.
Embodiment 2
Water salinity remains on about 30, and water temperature maintains between 25-27 ℃, changes water 35% every day.The algae that adds in the water body is chlorella and little diatom, and the algae total concentration is between 20000-50000 cell/mL, and main effect is the ammonia nitrogen that is used for absorbing in the water body, and the while is as the food of halogen worm, copepoda etc.
In aquarium, put into squab Chinese puerulus larva 150 tails; Since the 1st day copepoda nauplius of throwing something and feeding (filtering with 80 order screen packs), while small amount of supplemental scallop fertilized egg was to the 17th day; Under the situation of above-mentioned bait that continues to throw something and feed; Increase the bait of copepoda adult as Chinese puerulus larva, and improve copepoda adult shared ratio in bait gradually, said copepoda adult accounts for 65% of bait gross weight when the highest; Said copepoda adult comprises floatability copepoda adult and attaches wall property copepoda adult that wherein floatability copepoda adult number accounts for more than 90% of the total number of copepoda adult.Since the 26th day, throw something and feed with the very violent water flea of the violent water flea of Japanese tiger spot and sharp volume be the master attach wall property copepoda, other bait of throwing something and feeding in the past begin to stop using.To attach wall property copepoda be under the main situation throwing something and feeding in beginning in the 30th day, progressively appends halogen worm adult.Cultivation to the is in the time of 58 days, and the whole metamorphosis of Chinese puerulus larva become young shrimp, and growth of Chinese lobster and abnormal situation are normal in the aquarium, 96 tails that become to live altogether, and survival rate has reached 64%.
Embodiment 3
Water salinity remains on about 30, and water temperature maintains between 25-29 ℃, changes water 25% every day.The algae that adds in the water body is a Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and its concentration is between 20000-50000 cell/mL, and main effect is the ammonia nitrogen that is used for absorbing in the water body, and the while is as the food of halogen worm, copepoda etc.
In aquarium, put into squab Chinese puerulus larva 250 tails, since the 1st day artemia nauplii of throwing something and feeding, while small amount of supplemental scallop fertilized egg and copepoda nauplius (filtering) with 80 order screen packs.To the 13rd day; Under the situation of artemia nauplii that continues to throw something and feed; Increase the ratio of copepoda adult gradually; Said copepoda adult accounts for the 0-65% of bait gross weight, and said copepoda adult comprises floatability copepoda adult and attach wall property copepoda adult that wherein floatability copepoda adult number accounts for more than 90% of the total number of copepoda adult.Since the 25th day, throw something and feed with the violent water flea of Japanese tiger spot be the master attach wall property copepoda, other bait of throwing something and feeding in the past begin to stop using.To attach wall property copepoda be under the main situation throwing something and feeding in beginning in the 31st day, progressively appends halogen worm adult.Cultivation to the is in the time of 61 days, and the whole metamorphosis of Chinese puerulus larva become young shrimp, and growth of Chinese lobster and abnormal situation are normal in the aquarium, 183 tails that become to live altogether, and survival rate has reached 73%.
The conventional mode of cultivating the prawn seedling of
embodiment 4. usefulness is cultivated Chinese puerulus larva.
Water salinity remains between the 29-32, and water temperature maintains between 25-27 ℃, changes water 30% every day.
In aquarium, put into Chinese puerulus larva 200 tails of having hatched about 12 hours, since the 1st day wheel animalcule of throwing something and feeding, since the 15th day artemia nauplii of throwing something and feeding, changed hello halogen worm adult to 25 days, in the time of 31 days, Chinese puerulus larva is all dead.
Embodiment 5
Water salinity remains between the 29-32, and water temperature maintains between 25-27 ℃, changes water 30% every day.
In aquarium, put into Chinese puerulus larva 200 tails of having hatched about 12 hours, since the 1st day artemia nauplii of throwing something and feeding, while small amount of supplemental scallop fertilized egg and copepoda nauplius (filtering) with 80 order screen packs.To the 15th day; Under the situation of artemia nauplii that continues to throw something and feed; Increase the ratio of copepoda adult gradually; Said copepoda adult accounts for the 0-65% of bait gross weight, and said copepoda adult comprises floatability copepoda adult and attach wall property copepoda adult that wherein floatability copepoda adult number accounts for more than 90% of the total number of copepoda adult.The tangible phenomena of mortality appear in Chinese puerulus larva about the 48th day, during to the 60th day, and young shrimp 12 tails of the Chinese lobster that only survives in the aquarium, survival rate is 6%.
Embodiment 5 is basic identical with embodiment 1 experiment; Just after cultivating 15 days; Use artemia nauplii to cultivate with the bait that mixes of copepoda adult always; Do not cultivate a period of time with attaching wall property copepoda adult as bait separately, thereby caused Chinese puerulus larva the tangible phenomena of mortality to occur, survival rate is low.
Above content is to combine concrete preferred implementation to the further explain that the present invention did, and can not assert that practical implementation of the present invention is confined to these explanations.For the those of ordinary skill of technical field under the present invention, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the present invention's design, can also make some simple deduction or replace, all should be regarded as belonging to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. Chinese lobster larval culture method is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps:
A. Chinese lobster is hatched the back to be cultivated 13-17 days with first bait, and said first bait comprises: artemia nauplii or floatability copepod larva, and, scallop fertilized egg;
B. cultivated 8-12 days with second bait, said second bait comprises said first bait and copepoda adult;
C. continue to cultivate Chinese puerulus larva to its complete metamorphosis and become young shrimp, used bait is the 3rd bait, and other bait of throwing something and feeding is in the past stopped using, and the 3rd bait is for attaching wall property copepoda adult.
2. a kind of Chinese lobster larval culture method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: said first bait comprises artemia nauplii and scallop fertilized egg.
3. a kind of Chinese lobster larval culture method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: said artemia nauplii accounts for the 50%-70% of the first bait gross weight; Scallop fertilized egg accounts for the 30-50% of the first bait gross weight.
4. a kind of Chinese lobster larval culture method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the water temperature of cultivating Chinese puerulus larva is between 25-29 ℃; The salinity of water of cultivating Chinese puerulus larva is between 27-35.
5. a kind of Chinese lobster larval culture method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the cultivation density of Chinese puerulus larva is at 2000-4000 tail/m
3Between the water body.
6. a kind of Chinese lobster larval culture method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in cultivating the water body of Chinese puerulus larva, contain at least a in Phaeodactylum tricornutum and the chlorella.
7. a kind of Chinese lobster larval culture method according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: the gross density of algae is between 20000-50000 cell/mL in the water body.
8. according to arbitrary described a kind of Chinese lobster larval culture method in the claim 1,4,5,6,7, it is characterized in that: in the cultivating process of Chinese puerulus larva, change water 20-40% every day.
9. Chinese lobster larval culture method is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps:
A. Chinese lobster is hatched the back to be cultivated 13-17 days with first bait, and said first bait comprises: artemia nauplii or floatability copepod larva, and, scallop fertilized egg;
B. cultivated 8-12 days with second bait, said second bait comprises said first bait and copepoda adult;
C. after cultivating 8-12 days with second bait, continue to cultivate Chinese puerulus larva 3-6 days with the 3rd bait, other bait of throwing something and feeding is in the past stopped using, and the 3rd bait is for attaching wall property copepoda adult;
D. after continue cultivating Chinese puerulus larva 3-6 days with the 3rd bait, cultivate Chinese puerulus larva to complete metamorphosis with the 4th bait and become young shrimp, the 4th bait comprise attach wall property copepoda adult, at least a in the halogen worm adult.
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| CN107155956B (en) * | 2017-01-07 | 2020-06-12 | 李育培 | Sebastes roseus artificial fry cultivation method |
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| CN101700001A (en) * | 2009-11-19 | 2010-05-05 | 海南定大养殖有限公司 | Industrial artificial breeding method of epinephelus lanceolatus |
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| CN101569377A (en) * | 2009-05-27 | 2009-11-04 | 厦门市海林生物饲料有限公司 | Shrimp feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN101700001A (en) * | 2009-11-19 | 2010-05-05 | 海南定大养殖有限公司 | Industrial artificial breeding method of epinephelus lanceolatus |
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