CN105475198A - Net cage culture method of young sea horses - Google Patents

Net cage culture method of young sea horses Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105475198A
CN105475198A CN201510973184.4A CN201510973184A CN105475198A CN 105475198 A CN105475198 A CN 105475198A CN 201510973184 A CN201510973184 A CN 201510973184A CN 105475198 A CN105475198 A CN 105475198A
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hippocampus
net cage
nursery pond
cage
days
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CN105475198B (en
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逄勇
辛茂盛
史春潇
张东
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Qingdao Haoran Marine Technology Co ltd
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QINGDAO HAO RAN ECOLOGICAL MARINE FISHERIES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Ltd Co
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00Culture of aquatic animals
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)
  • Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of young sea horse culture, in particular to a net cage culture method of young sea horses. According to the net cage culture method of young sea horses, net cages of a specific specification are used, and according to the living habits of sea horses, the net cages are put in a muddy pond in a coastal mud flat to culture young sea horses. By means of the method, at the same input, the operation of manual culture of young sea horses is simple, and high-survival-rate culture of young sea horses is completed.

Description

A kind of hippocampus seedling raising in cage method
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultivation of hippocampus seedling field, particularly a kind of hippocampus seedling raising in cage method.
Background technology
Hippocampus; have another name called to fall dragon; be subordinate to sea otter order; Syngnathidae; the small ocean fish of Hippocampus; mainly be distributed in Perenniporia martius shallow sea area; at least want 48 kinds in international coverage, World Conservation Union and endangered species of wild fauna and flora kind, hippocampus is classified as object of protection by international trade the convention all; because the extract of hippocampus has hormone-like effect; anti-aging effects, antifatigue effect, the medical values such as antitumor action and tonifying kidney and strengthening yang effect; there is wide market and multiple curative effect, by as medicinal material by overfishing.Along with decay and the degeneration of sea grass, coral reef, mangrove forest, and the environmental pollution near the mouth of the river, cause the deterioration of hippocampus living environment.Add current fish-catching apparatus and lack selectivity, hippocampus easily as fishery secondary fishing goods and fished for, these all directly affects the population quantity of hippocampus, cause hippocampus now in imminent danger.
China as far back as early 1950s just carried out hippocampus propagate research artificially, the Duo Jia sea horse cultivation factory that coastal area of china is set up carries out sea horse cultivation production, domesticly carry out a series of hippocampus successively and propagated test artificially, but understand in depth owing to lacking hippocampus biology, physiological ecological habit and cultural technique, especially the bait of hippocampus and disease problem, seedling percent is low does not solve, and causes hippocampus sustained production to can not get improving.In recent years along with growth in the living standard, consumption figure with per year over 10% speed increment.But China's hippocampus natural resources is closely exhausted, according to our investigation, the dry hippocampus annual production of existing China, less than 50 tons, can not satisfy social needs far away (China sea demand horse year is about 200 tons).
Current sea horse cultivation pattern mainly comprises aquarium cultivation, water vat cultivation, cement pit cultivation, pond culture.But these cultural methods be often confined to aquaculture cost, carrying capacity, envirment factor, first current cost high, produce that inconvenience, technology are immature etc. causes survival rate not high, cannot the problem such as large-scale cultivation.Therefore, for better strengthening the research of sea horse cultivation aspect, improve hippocampus artificial culture technology, reduce sea horse cultivation cost, improve hippocampus survival rate, break through sea horse cultivation bottleneck, strengthen aquaculture model optimizing research, as nesting, raise together with, the research of cage culture isotype, become the Important Problems of current research, and more favourable technical support can be provided for production practices, promote that sea horse cultivation industry develops faster.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is in order to solve the problems such as sea horse cultivation cost is high, carrying capacity is little, environmental benefit is poor, envirment factor is wayward, technology is immature, improve sea horse cultivation pattern defect, improve hippocampus artificial culture technology, reduce sea horse cultivation cost, improve hippocampus survival rate, provide a kind of net cage and natural surroundings of utilizing and regulate the hippocampus seedling raising in cage method of carrying out large-scale farming hippocampus.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of hippocampus seedling raising in cage method, is characterized in that described method comprises the steps:
A kind of hippocampus seedling raising in cage method, is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
Step one: the addressing in nursery pond
Choose pond, Tu shale coastal waters, coastal seabeach as hippocampus nursery pond, hippocampus nursery pond bottom communicates with underground water, hippocampus nursery pond is divided into culture zone and district bred by bait;
Step 2: the input of net cage
Net cage is hung on by net cage frame in the culture zone in the hippocampus nursery pond described in step one;
Step 3: the process of the front cultivating pool of cultivation, preparation
0.1-0.2g/m is thrown in the culture zone, hippocampus nursery pond described in step 2 3the amino acid fertilizer aqua of dosage, turns out the natural bait needed for hippocampus growth, in the net cage described in step 2, throws in nylon nettle, and the artitificial food breeding that district carries out 5-6 month bred by the hippocampus nursery pond bait described in step one;
Step 4: the input of hippocampus and cultivation
Described in step 3, natural bait breeding in culture zone, hippocampus nursery pond is after 10-20 days, by the hippocampus of 1 age in days according to 900-1100 tail/m 3density throw in in described net cage;
Step 5: the daily management of hippocampus
In sea horse cultivation 30 days, hippocampus edible natural bait, in sea horse cultivation 60-90 days, needs to throw in artitificial food, every day throws something and feeds 2-3 time, and feeding volume is the 5%-10% of hippocampus body weight, and sea horse cultivation is after 90 days, throw in artitificial food, every day throws something and feeds 2-5 time, and feeding volume is the 10%-15% of hippocampus body weight;
Wherein, described natural bait is wheel animalcule, nauplius, diatom and chlorella, and artitificial food is oppossum shrimp, large halogen worm.
Wherein, the volume size of net cage described in step 2 is 1 × 1 × 1m 3, mesh size is 40 orders, net cage is that ethene material is made, and the distance between institute's input net cage is 80 centimetres.
Wherein, the dosage throwing in amino acid fertilizer aqua in step 3 in culture zone, hippocampus nursery pond is 0.15g/m 3.
Wherein, the density of throwing in hippocampus in step 4 net cage is 1000 tails/m 3, hippocampus was cultivated after 45-75 days, and when hippocampus length reaches 2.5-3cm, net cage being replaced with volume size is 1 × 1 × 1m 3, mesh size is 20 object net cages, continues cultivation 90 days.
Wherein, in step 5, breeding process controls water transparency, algae phase change, water colour is based on green, yellow green or yellowish-brown, transparency controls at 50-60cm, prevent transparency change amplitude excessive, photosynthetic bacteria or EM bacterium is used to carry out regulating and controlling water quality, ensure that culturing pool microorganism is in poised state, observe water colour change and regulate the artificial abundance of food, when water colour color cross shallow or for light green time, artitificial food of throwing something and feeding in time, avoids bait very few under-supply, avoid algae and the excessive breeding of microorganism to cause water degradation, cause biological disease.
Wherein, should control the temperature in hippocampus nursery pond in step 5, hippocampus optimum growth temperature is 24-28 degree Celsius, and summer temp, more than 30 degree, carries out temperature adjustment by extracting the underground water that communicates.
Wherein, disease should be controlled in step 5, by using saccharomycete or photosynthetic bacteria microorganism formulation improvement environment, increase water quality and breeding environment quality, increase hippocampus resistance against diseases, regularly use the pre-disease prevention of medicinal bait, simultaneously whether ill by live in groups state, active state and balance situation judging hippocampus of observation hippocampus, peeling off appears in hippocampus, and slow trip, activity are poor, health can not keep normal equilibrium state, poor growth situation, carry out disease control in time.
Wherein, in step 3, the thickness of nylon nettle hangs with hippocampus tail and is advisable, and nylon nettle is suspended on above net cage and blocks regulating illumination by summer.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the hippocampus seedling raising in cage method of this invention, solve the problems such as sea horse cultivation cost is high, carrying capacity is little, environmental benefit is poor, envirment factor is wayward, technology is immature, make sea horse cultivation cost decrease, the ensure that bait of hippocampus sufficient, make the simple to operate of the extensive artificial breeding of hippocampus, improve the survival rate of hippocampus.
Also solving to propagate artificially because of intensive, high density causes water hypoxia and cultivation object excreta to roll up, and make evil microbial growth, the problem of water quality deterioration, ensure that the hippocampus not easily sick evil of cultivation.
Embodiment
Be described in further details the present invention below by embodiment, these embodiments are only used for the present invention is described, do not limit the scope of the invention.
In following examples, if no special instructions, reagent used, material are reagent, the material that those skilled in the art commonly use.
Embodiment:
Now A, B, C tri-groups of 16 × 1000 hippocampus seedling are cultivated according to following steps:
A group:
Step one: the addressing in nursery pond
Choose 64m 3the pond, Tu shale coastal waters, coastal seabeach of size is as hippocampus nursery pond, and as culture zone, hippocampus nursery pond bottom communicates with underground water, and district is bred as bait in the hippocampus nursery pond of the alternative amount of taking fully size;
Step 2: the input of net cage
Hang in the culture zone, hippocampus nursery pond described in step one by 16 net cages by net cage frame, the volume size of net cage is 1 × 1 × 1m 3, mesh size is 40 orders, net cage is that ethene material is made, and the distance between institute's input net cage is 80 centimetres;
Step 3: the process of the front cultivating pool of cultivation, preparation
0.15g/m is thrown in the culture zone, hippocampus nursery pond described in step 2 3the amino acid fertilizer aqua of dosage, turn out the wheel animalcule needed for hippocampus growth, nauplius, diatom and chlorella as natural bait, nylon nettle is thrown in the net cage described in step 2, the thickness of nylon nettle hangs with hippocampus tail is advisable, nylon nettle is suspended on above net cage and blocks regulating illumination by summer, the artitificial food breeding that district carries out 5-6 month bred by hippocampus nursery pond bait described in step one, and artitificial food is oppossum shrimp, large halogen worm;
Step 4: the input of hippocampus and cultivation
Described in step 3, natural bait breeding in culture zone, hippocampus nursery pond is after 10-20 days (namely at the bottom of May), by 16 × 1000 of 1 age in days hippocampus according to 1000 tails/m 3density throw in in described net cage, hippocampus is cultivated after 45-75 days (namely at the bottom of July), and when hippocampus length reaches 2.5-3cm, net cage being replaced with volume size is 1 × 1 × 1m 3, mesh size is 20 object net cages, continues 90 days (namely at the bottom of October) of cultivation;
Step 5: the daily management of hippocampus
In sea horse cultivation 30 days, hippocampus edible natural bait, in sea horse cultivation 60-90 days, needs to throw in artitificial food, every day throws something and feeds 2-3 time, and feeding volume is the 5%-10% of hippocampus body weight, and sea horse cultivation is after 90 days, throw in artitificial food, every day throws something and feeds 2-5 time, and feeding volume is the 10%-15% of hippocampus body weight.
Breeding process controls water transparency, algae phase change, water colour is based on green, yellow green or yellowish-brown, transparency controls at 50-60cm, prevent transparency change amplitude excessive, photosynthetic bacteria or EM bacterium is used to carry out regulating and controlling water quality, ensure that culturing pool microorganism is in poised state, observe water colour change and regulate the artificial abundance of food, when water colour color cross shallow or for light green time, to throw something and feed in time artitificial food, avoid bait very few under-supply, avoid algae and the excessive breeding of microorganism to cause water degradation, cause biological disease.
Wherein, should control the temperature in hippocampus nursery pond, hippocampus optimum growth temperature is 24-28 degree Celsius, and summer temp, more than 30 degrees Celsius, carries out temperature adjustment by extracting the underground water that communicates.
Wherein, also control disease, by using saccharomycete or photosynthetic bacteria microorganism formulation improvement environment, increase water quality and breeding environment quality, increase hippocampus resistance against diseases, regularly use the pre-disease prevention of medicinal bait, simultaneously whether ill by live in groups state, active state and balance situation judging hippocampus of observation hippocampus, peeling off appears in hippocampus, and slow trip, activity are poor, health can not keep normal equilibrium state, poor growth situation, carry out disease control in time.
In this group experiment, the survival rate of hippocampus can reach 87%.
B group:
Step one: the addressing in nursery pond
Choose 64m 3the ordinary pond of size is as hippocampus nursery pond, and as culture zone, hippocampus nursery pond bottom communicates with underground water, and district is bred as bait in the pond of the alternative amount of taking fully size;
Step 2: the input of net cage
Hang in the culture zone, hippocampus nursery pond described in step one by 16 net cages by net cage frame, the volume size of net cage is 1 × 1 × 1m 3, mesh size is 40 orders, net cage is that ethene material is made, and the distance between institute's input net cage is 80 centimetres;
Step 3: the process of the front cultivating pool of cultivation, preparation
0.15g/m is thrown in the culture zone, hippocampus nursery pond described in step 2 3the amino acid fertilizer aqua of dosage, turn out the wheel animalcule needed for hippocampus growth, nauplius, diatom and chlorella as natural bait, nylon nettle is thrown in the net cage described in step 2, the thickness of nylon nettle hangs with hippocampus tail is advisable, nylon nettle is suspended on above net cage and blocks regulating illumination by summer, the artitificial food breeding that district carries out 5-6 month bred by hippocampus nursery pond bait described in step one, and artitificial food is oppossum shrimp, large halogen worm;
Step 4: the input of hippocampus and cultivation
Described in step 3, natural bait breeding in culture zone, hippocampus nursery pond is after 10-20 days (namely at the bottom of May), by 16 × 1000 of 1 age in days hippocampus according to 1000 tails/m 3density throw in in described net cage, hippocampus is cultivated after 45-75 days (namely at the bottom of July), and when hippocampus length reaches 2.5-3cm, net cage being replaced with volume size is 1 × 1 × 1m 3, mesh size is 20 object net cages, continues 90 days (namely at the bottom of October) of cultivation;
Step 5: the daily management of hippocampus
In sea horse cultivation 30 days, hippocampus edible natural bait, in sea horse cultivation 60-90 days, needs to throw in artitificial food, every day throws something and feeds 2-3 time, and feeding volume is the 5%-10% of hippocampus body weight, and sea horse cultivation is after 90 days, throw in artitificial food, every day throws something and feeds 2-5 time, and feeding volume is the 10%-15% of hippocampus body weight.
Breeding process controls water transparency, algae phase change, water colour is based on green, yellow green or yellowish-brown, transparency controls at 50-60cm, prevent transparency change amplitude excessive, photosynthetic bacteria or EM bacterium is used to carry out regulating and controlling water quality, ensure that culturing pool microorganism is in poised state, observe water colour change and regulate the artificial abundance of food, when water colour color cross shallow or for light green time, to throw something and feed in time artitificial food, avoid bait very few under-supply, avoid algae and the excessive breeding of microorganism to cause water degradation, cause biological disease.
Wherein, should control the temperature in hippocampus nursery pond, hippocampus optimum growth temperature is 24-28 degree Celsius, and summer temp, more than 30 degrees Celsius, carries out temperature adjustment by extracting the underground water that communicates.
Wherein, also control disease, by using saccharomycete or photosynthetic bacteria microorganism formulation improvement environment, increase water quality and breeding environment quality, increase hippocampus resistance against diseases, regularly use the pre-disease prevention of medicinal bait, simultaneously whether ill by live in groups state, active state and balance situation judging hippocampus of observation hippocampus, peeling off appears in hippocampus, and slow trip, activity are poor, health can not keep normal equilibrium state, poor growth situation, carry out disease control in time.
In this group experiment, the survival rate of hippocampus can reach 63%.
C group:
Step one: the addressing in nursery pond
Choose 64m 2the pond, Tu shale coastal waters, coastal seabeach of size is as hippocampus nursery pond, and as culture zone, hippocampus nursery pond bottom communicates with underground water, and district is bred as bait in the hippocampus nursery pond of the alternative amount of taking fully size;
Step 2: the process of the front cultivating pool of cultivation, preparation
0.15g/m is thrown in the culture zone, hippocampus nursery pond described in step one 3the amino acid fertilizer aqua of dosage, turn out the wheel animalcule needed for hippocampus growth, nauplius, diatom and chlorella as natural bait, nylon nettle is thrown in culture zone, hippocampus nursery pond described in step one, nylon nettle is perched for hippocampus, the thickness of nylon rope can hang with tail with hippocampus is advisable, nylon nettle is suspended on above net cage and blocks regulating illumination by summer, the artitificial food breeding that district carries out 5-6 month bred by hippocampus nursery pond bait described in step one, and artitificial food is oppossum shrimp, large halogen worm;
Step 3: the input of hippocampus and cultivation
Described in step 2, natural bait breeding in culture zone, hippocampus nursery pond is after 10-20 days (namely at the bottom of May), by 16 × 1000 of 1 age in days hippocampus according to 1000 tails/m 3density throw in the culture zone in described hippocampus nursery pond, cultivation 4.5-5.5 month (namely at the bottom of October).
Step 4: the daily management of hippocampus
In sea horse cultivation 30 days, hippocampus edible natural bait, in sea horse cultivation 60-90 days, needs to throw in artitificial food, every day throws something and feeds 2-3 time, and feeding volume is the 5%-10% of hippocampus body weight, and sea horse cultivation is after 90 days, throw in artitificial food, every day throws something and feeds 2-5 time, and feeding volume is the 10%-15% of hippocampus body weight.
Breeding process controls water transparency, algae phase change, water colour is based on green, yellow green or yellowish-brown, transparency controls at 50-60cm, prevent transparency change amplitude excessive, photosynthetic bacteria or EM bacterium is used to carry out regulating and controlling water quality, ensure that culturing pool microorganism is in poised state, observe water colour change and regulate the artificial abundance of food, when water colour color cross shallow or for light green time, to throw something and feed in time artitificial food, avoid bait very few under-supply, avoid algae and the excessive breeding of microorganism to cause water degradation, cause biological disease.
Wherein, should control the temperature in hippocampus nursery pond, hippocampus optimum growth temperature is 24-28 degree Celsius, and summer temp, more than 30 degrees Celsius, carries out temperature adjustment by extracting the underground water that communicates.
Wherein, also control disease, by using saccharomycete or photosynthetic bacteria microorganism formulation improvement environment, increase water quality and breeding environment quality, increase hippocampus resistance against diseases, regularly use the pre-disease prevention of medicinal bait, simultaneously whether ill by live in groups state, active state and balance situation judging hippocampus of observation hippocampus, peeling off appears in hippocampus, and slow trip, activity are poor, health can not keep normal equilibrium state, poor growth situation, carry out disease control in time.
In this group experiment, the survival rate of hippocampus can reach 68.5%.
Conclusion: the core of the technology of the present invention is the cultivation utilizing Tu shale pond, China coast seabeach to carry out large-scale sea horse seedling, according to hippocampus life habit, for ensureing the density design that hippocampus is evenly optimum in pond net cage, the cultivation of hippocampus seedling is made to achieve the highest hippocampus survival rate under identical input, same size.

Claims (9)

1. a hippocampus seedling raising in cage method, is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
Step one: the addressing in nursery pond
Choose pond, Tu shale coastal waters, coastal seabeach as hippocampus nursery pond, hippocampus nursery pond bottom communicates with underground water, hippocampus nursery pond is divided into culture zone and district bred by bait;
Step 2: the input of net cage
Net cage is hung on by net cage frame in the culture zone in the hippocampus nursery pond described in step one;
Step 3: the process of the front cultivating pool of cultivation, preparation
0.1-0.2g/m is thrown in the culture zone, hippocampus nursery pond described in step 2 3the amino acid fertilizer aqua of dosage, turns out the natural bait needed for hippocampus growth, in the net cage described in step 2, throws in nylon nettle, and the artitificial food breeding that district carries out 5-6 month bred by the hippocampus nursery pond bait described in step one;
Step 4: the input of hippocampus and cultivation
Described in step 3, natural bait breeding in culture zone, hippocampus nursery pond is after 10-20 days, by the hippocampus of 1 age in days according to 900-1100 tail/m 3density throw in in described net cage;
Step 5: the daily management of hippocampus
In sea horse cultivation 30 days, hippocampus edible natural bait, in sea horse cultivation 60-90 days, needs to throw in artitificial food, every day throws something and feeds 2-3 time, and feeding volume is the 5%-10% of hippocampus body weight, and sea horse cultivation is after 90 days, throw in artitificial food, every day throws something and feeds 2-5 time, and feeding volume is the 10%-15% of hippocampus body weight.
2. hippocampus seedling raising in cage method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described natural bait is wheel animalcule, nauplius, diatom and chlorella, and artitificial food is oppossum shrimp, large halogen worm.
3. hippocampus seedling raising in cage method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the volume size of net cage described in step 2 is 1 × 1 × 1m 3, mesh size is 40 orders, net cage is that ethene material is made, and the distance between institute's input net cage is 80 centimetres.
4. hippocampus seedling raising in cage method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the dosage throwing in amino acid fertilizer aqua in step 3 in culture zone, hippocampus nursery pond is 0.15g/m 3.
5. hippocampus seedling raising in cage method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the density of throwing in hippocampus in step 4 net cage is 1000 tails/m 3, hippocampus was cultivated after 45-75 days, and when hippocampus length reaches 2.5-3cm, net cage being replaced with volume size is 1 × 1 × 1m 3, mesh size is 20 object net cages, continues cultivation 90 days.
6. hippocampus seedling raising in cage method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step 5, breeding process notes water transparency, algae phase change, and keep water colour with green, yellow green or yellowish-brown, transparency controls at 50-60cm.
7. hippocampus seedling raising in cage method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the temperature that should control hippocampus nursery pond in step 5, hippocampus optimum growth temperature is 24-28 degree Celsius, and summer temp is more than 30 degree.
8. hippocampus seedling raising in cage method according to claim 1, is characterized in that should controlling disease in step 5, uses saccharomycete or photosynthetic bacteria microorganism formulation improvement environment.
9. hippocampus seedling raising in cage method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step 3, the thickness of nylon nettle hangs with hippocampus tail and is advisable, and nylon nettle is suspended on above net cage and blocks regulating illumination by summer.
CN201510973184.4A 2015-12-23 2015-12-23 A kind of hippocampus seedling raising in cage method Active CN105475198B (en)

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CN107372212A (en) * 2017-07-18 2017-11-24 青岛浩然生态海洋水产科技有限公司 A kind of hippocampus seed net cage forms method
CN112616728A (en) * 2020-12-25 2021-04-09 青岛中科乾元生物科技有限公司 Method for breeding large-scale grey sea horses in pond

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