CN113647345B - Industrial artificial breeding method for Scorzonera gigas - Google Patents
Industrial artificial breeding method for Scorzonera gigas Download PDFInfo
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- CN113647345B CN113647345B CN202110875084.3A CN202110875084A CN113647345B CN 113647345 B CN113647345 B CN 113647345B CN 202110875084 A CN202110875084 A CN 202110875084A CN 113647345 B CN113647345 B CN 113647345B
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
- C02F2101/166—Nitrites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
- C02F3/347—Use of yeasts or fungi
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Molecular Biology (AREA)
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for industrially artificially breeding golden drum fish, which realizes the industrial artificially breeding of the golden drum fish by laying a fishpond, managing water quality, putting density, feeding feed and constructing an ecological environment, and realizes the aims of quick growth and high survival rate of the golden drum fish, wherein the survival rate of the golden drum fish is higher than 90 percent, and the average weight of the cultured golden drum fish fries after 5 months is higher than 290g.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of golden drum fish culture, in particular to an industrial artificial breeding method for golden drum fish.
Background
The golden drum fish is also called the silver drum fish, which has a flat disc shape, a body length of about 20-30 cm, an orange red body, dozens of black round spots distributed on the surface of the golden drum fish body, a similar golden drum shape, a tall and erect back, a small mouth, fine scales, yellow brown fish body, a plurality of black round spots distributed on the fish body and silvery white belly, and has the same body shape but a silver body surface color. The drum fish tail fin is wide and stiff and smooth. Is euryhaline omnivorous fish, mainly feeds on algae and small benthic invertebrates, and is distributed in India-Pacific tropical sea area. At present, related documents also record culture methods of the golden drum fishes, for example, "desalination culture tests of a pond for the golden drum fishes" published in the ocean and fishery, flood fighting and the like in 2008, 08 th year ", the cultivation of the golden drum fishes is realized through preparation of a test pond, fish fry feeding, feed management, water quality management and disease prevention, the culture time of the culture method is winter, and the culture points are located in the county of the southern Hainan province, the time of the winter is short, the temperature of the summer is hot, and the weather is typhoon. CN202010153816.3 an indoor pond ecological polyculture method of Sipunculus nudus, ostrea rivularis and Scomber japonicus, which improves the culture effect by polyculture of Sipunculus nudus, ostrea rivularis and Scomber japonicus. The invention does not solve how to maintain the survival rate of the goldfish facing high temperature weather and typhoon weather. Therefore, the invention provides a method for industrially producing the artificial fish fries of the golden cypriped, which can culture the golden cypriped all the year round, is not influenced by climate, and improves the survival rate of the golden cypriped.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides a method for industrially producing artificial fish fries of the golden drum fish, which can be used for cultivating the golden drum fish all the year round, is not influenced by climate and improves the survival rate of the golden drum fish.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
s1: laying fish pond
Building a round fish pond with the depth of 1.5-1.8 m at a shady place, mixing kaolin and cement, smearing the mixture on the periphery of the fish pond, paving sea sand at the bottom of the fish pond, paving yellow river jade and tourmaline on the surface of the sea sand, and installing a lighting lamp;
s2: water quality management
Filtering seawater, wherein the filtering material is prepared from tourmaline powder, graphite flakes, macroporous resin, chitosan and activated carbon, the first seawater replacement time is 5-7 days after the fry is put into the pond, the seawater replacement time is 20-25 days after the seawater replacement for the first time, biological preparations are sprayed every 10-15 days, the seawater depth in the pond is kept to be 1.0-1.4m, the pH value is 6-7, and the salinity is 8-12 permillage;
s3: throwing density
Putting 100-150 fish fries of the golden drum fish per square meter;
s4: feeding feed
The mass ratio of the materials to be put is 0.5-0.8: 1 to 10: 3-7 parts of cabbage leaves, bait and a feed for the golden drum fish, wherein the feed for the golden drum fish is prepared from shelled melon seeds, lard, schizochytrium limacinum powder, gynostemma pentaphylla powder, seal oil, shrimp shell powder, wheat flour, placenta hominis, caulis spatholobi, agilawood leaves and water.
S5: construction of ecological environment
Aquatic plants and Botryococcus are planted in the fish pond.
Further, in the step S1, the mass ratio of the kaolin to the cement is 1: 0.3-0.5, wherein the mass ratio of the Huanghe jade to the tourmaline is 1: 1-2, and the laying thickness is 5-7 cm.
Further, in step S2, the filtering material is prepared from 5-8 parts by weight of tourmaline powder, 1-3 parts by weight of graphite flakes, 10-13 parts by weight of macroporous resin, 2-4 parts by weight of chitosan and 15-20 parts by weight of activated carbon,
further, in step S2, the discharge amount of the seawater replacement is 10 to 20%.
Further, in step S4, the bait includes one or more of rotifer, fairy shrimp nauplii, live mysidacea larvae, copepods, and cladocera.
Further, in the step S1, the thickness of the sea sand is 30 to 40cm.
Further, in the step S4, the feed for the golden cudweed is prepared from 7-10 parts by weight of shelled melon seeds, 3-5 parts by weight of lard oil, 20-30 parts by weight of schizochytrium limacinum powder, 15-25 parts by weight of gynostemma pentaphyllum powder, 0.5-1.5 parts by weight of seal oil, 10-15 parts by weight of shrimp shell powder, 30-40 parts by weight of wheat flour, 3-5 parts by weight of placenta hominis, 3-5 parts by weight of caulis spatholobi, 7-10 parts by weight of agilawood leaves and 3-5 parts by weight of water.
Further, the preparation method of the feed for the golden drum fish comprises the following steps:
(1) Sealing and fermenting the agilawood leaves, the caulis spatholobi and the purple cherokee rose for 10-12 days at the fermentation temperature of 40-45 ℃ to prepare a traditional Chinese medicine fermentation product;
(2) Mashing shelled melon seeds and traditional Chinese medicine fermentation products, adding lard oil, schizochytrium limacinum powder, gynostemma pentaphylla powder, seal oil, shrimp shell powder, wheat flour and water, and mixing to obtain a soft material of the golden drum fish feed;
(3) Granulating the soft goldfish feed material by using a spray drying method, wherein the spray drying method adopts a spray gun type spray dryer, and the temperature is 150-180 ℃; the pressure of the spray gun is 0.5MPa to 1.2MPa; the caliber of the spray gun is 0.6 mm-1.5 mm.
Further, in step S1, the light source of the illumination lamp is blue green light, the intensity of the light source is 50 to 150lx, and the illumination time is repeated at intervals of 18 to 24 hours during the cultivation period.
Further, in step S4, the feeding mass ratio of the larval fish 1 to 15 days after feeding is 0.5 to 0.8:1 to 3: 3-7 parts of Chinese cabbage leaves, bait and feed for the golden drum fish; 15-30 days, the adding mass ratio is 0.5-0.8: 2 to 6: 3-7 parts of Chinese cabbage leaves, bait and feed for the golden drum fish; and (3) from 30 days to the fishing period, the feeding mass ratio is 0.5-0.8: 5 to 10: 3-7 parts of Chinese cabbage leaves, bait and feed for the golden drum fish.
Further, in the step S5, the planting density of the aquatic weeds is 30-100 g per square meter, and the planting density of the grape vines is 200-300 g per square meter.
Further, in the step S3, the biological preparation is prepared from 2-7 parts by weight of enterobacter cloacae, 1-3 parts by weight of lactobacillus liquid, 10-14 parts by weight of zeolite powder, 3-5 parts by weight of Kluyveromyces fragilis and 50-100 parts by weight of water, and the spraying amount of the biological preparation is 50-70 g/square meter.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention realizes the industrial artificial breeding of the golden drum fish through fishpond laying, water quality management, feeding density, feed feeding and ecological environment construction, and the breeding method of the invention has obvious improvement on three aspects of ecological benefit, economic benefit and breeding benefit. The method realizes the aims of rapid growth and high survival rate of the golden drum fish, the survival rates of the golden drum fish are all higher than 90%, the average weight of the fries of the cultivated golden drum fish after 5 months reaches 290g, the water quality of the fishpond is effectively controlled, and the environmental quality standard of GB3838-2002 surface water is met through random sampling and spot inspection.
(2) The yellow river jade and the tourmaline are adopted in the laying of the fish pond, the kaolin and the cement are mixed and coated on the periphery of the fish pond, the oxygen content in the fish pond is favorably improved, the aquatic plants and the botryococcus are planted, the food is provided for the golden drum fish, and the oxygen content in the water body is improved through the irradiation of the lighting lamp. The invention not only promotes the photosynthesis of the plants at the bottom of the pond through the illuminating lamp, but also regulates and controls the temperature of the water body in the pond through long-time irradiation and induces the golden drum fish to eat. The invention improves the stress capability of the golden drum fish by intermittent long-time illumination, and large-area death can not occur in the hot summer and typhoon resistant weather.
(3) The filtering material selected by the invention not only effectively filters harmful impurities in seawater, but also has strong oil removing capability, strictly controls the seawater quality, and improves the culture quality of the golden drum fish. The method effectively maintains the quantity of plankton in the fishpond and the quality of the seawater in the fishpond by replacing the seawater time, and controls the levels of ammoniacal nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in water by matching with a biological agent. A large number of experiments show that the pH value of the seawater is 6-7, the salinity is 8-12 per mill, the rapid growth of the goldfish is facilitated, and the occurrence of diseases of the goldfish is reduced.
(4) The feed provided by the invention is rich in fatty acid, vitamin, calcium, sodium and other nutritional ingredients, and can accelerate the growth of the goldfish and reduce the death rate of the goldfish.
Detailed Description
In order that the technical contents of the invention may be better understood, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the invention.
The experimental methods used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The materials, reagents and the like used in the examples of the present invention are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1 Industrial Artificial rearing method of Scorzonera gigas
(1) Fish pond laying
Building a round fishpond in a shade place, wherein the depth of the round fishpond is 1.5m, and kaolin and cement are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:0.3, mixing, smearing the mixture on the periphery of a fish pond, paving sea sand at the bottom of the fish pond, wherein the thickness of the sea sand is 30cm, and the paving mass ratio of the sea sand surface is 1:1, paving 5cm of yellow river jade and tourmaline, installing a lighting lamp, wherein the light source of the lighting lamp is blue green light, the intensity of the light source is 50lx, and the light is repeatedly irradiated at intervals of 18h during the culture period.
(2) Water quality management
Filtering seawater, wherein the filtering material is prepared from 5 parts by weight of tourmaline powder, 1 part by weight of graphite flakes, 10 parts by weight of macroporous resin, 2 parts by weight of chitosan and 15 parts by weight of activated carbon, the first seawater replacement time is 5 days after fish fries are put into a pond, the seawater replacement discharge amount is 10 percent after the first seawater replacement is carried out every 20 days, the seawater depth in the fish pond is kept at 1.2m, the pH value is 6-7, the salinity is 8-12 thousandths, and a biological preparation is sprayed every 10 days and is prepared from 2 parts by weight of enterobacter cloacae, 1 part by weight of lactobacillus acidophilus liquid, 10 parts by weight of zeolite powder, 3 parts by weight of kluyveromyces fragilis and 50 parts by weight of water, and the spraying amount of the biological preparation is 50 g/g of square meter.
(3) Throwing density
And putting 100 fish fries of the golden drum fish per square meter.
(4) Feeding feed
The cabbage leaves, the bait and the golden drum fish feed are put in, and the golden drum fish feed is prepared from 7 parts of shelled melon seeds, 3 parts of lard oil, 20 parts of schizochytrium limacinum powder, 15 parts of gynostemma pentaphylla powder, 0.5 part of seal oil, 10 parts of shrimp shell powder, 30 parts of wheat flour, 3 parts of placenta hominis, 3 parts of caulis spatholobi, 7 parts of agilawood leaves and 3 parts of water. 1-15 days after the larval fish is put into the fish tank, the putting mass ratio is 0.5:1:3, chinese cabbage leaves, bait and feed for the golden drum fish; 15-30 days, the adding mass ratio is 0.5:2:3, chinese cabbage leaves, bait and feed for the golden drum fish; and in the period from 30 days to the fishing period, the feeding mass ratio is 0.5:5:3, cabbage leaves, bait and feed for the golden drum fish.
(5) Construction of ecological environment
Planting water plants and grape algae in the fish pond, wherein the planting density of the water plants is 30 grams per square meter, and the planting density of the grape algae is 200 per square meter.
(6) The culture time is from 7 months in 2020 to 11 months in 2020.
Example 2 Industrial Artificial rearing method of Scorzonera gigas
(1) Laying fish pond
Building a round fishpond at a shade place, wherein the depth of the round fishpond is 1.8m, and kaolin and cement are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:0.5, mixing, smearing the mixture on the periphery of a fish pond, paving sea sand at the bottom of the fish pond, wherein the thickness is 40cm, and the paving mass ratio of the sea sand surface is 1:2, paving 7cm of yellow river jade and tourmaline, installing a lighting lamp, wherein the light source of the lighting lamp is blue green light, the intensity of the light source is 150lx, and the light is repeatedly irradiated at intervals of 24h during the culture period.
(2) Water quality management
Filtering seawater, wherein the filtering material is prepared from 8 parts by weight of tourmaline powder, 3 parts by weight of graphite flakes, 13 parts by weight of macroporous resin, 4 parts by weight of chitosan and 20 parts by weight of activated carbon, the first seawater replacement time is 7 days after the fry is put into the pond, the seawater replacement discharge amount is 20 percent after the seawater replacement is carried out for the first time every 25 days, the seawater depth in the pond is kept to be 1.4m, the pH value is 6-7, the salinity is 8-12 thousandths, biological agents are sprayed every 15 days, the biological agents are prepared from 7 parts by weight of enterobacter cloacae, 3 parts by weight of lactobacillus solution, 14 parts by weight of zeolite powder, 5 parts by weight of Kluyveromyces fragilis and 100 parts by weight of water, and the spraying amount of the biological agents is 70 per gram of square meter.
(3) Throwing density
And putting 150 fish fries of the golden drum fish per square meter.
(4) Feeding feed
The feed is prepared from 10 parts of shelled melon seeds, 5 parts of lard oil, 30 parts of schizochytrium limacinum powder, 25 parts of gynostemma pentaphylla powder, 1.5 parts of seal oil, 15 parts of shrimp shell powder, 40 parts of wheat flour, 5 parts of placenta hominis, 5 parts of caulis spatholobi, 10 parts of agilawood leaves and 5 parts of water. 1-15 days after the larval fish is put into the fish tank, the mass ratio of the larval fish to the larval fish is 0.8:3:7, chinese cabbage leaves, bait and feed for the golden drum fish; 15-30 days, the adding mass ratio is 0.8:6:7, chinese cabbage leaves, bait and feed for the golden drum fish; and in the period from 30 days to the fishing period, the feeding mass ratio is 0.8:10:7 Chinese cabbage leaves, bait and feed for the golden drum fish.
(5) Construction of ecological environment
Planting the aquatic weeds and the grape algae in the fish pond, wherein the planting density of the aquatic weeds is 100 grams per square meter, and the planting density of the grape algae is 300 grams per square meter.
(6) The culture time is from 7 months in 2020 to 11 months in 2020.
Example 3 Industrial Artificial rearing method for Scomber scombrus
(1) Laying fish pond
Building a round fishpond at a shade place, wherein the depth is 1.7m, and kaolin and cement are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:0.4, mixing, smearing the mixture on the periphery of a fish pond, paving sea sand at the bottom of the fish pond, wherein the thickness of the sea sand is 35cm, and the pavement mass ratio of the sea sand surface is 1:1.5 the yellow river jade and the tourmaline are paved with the thickness of 6cm, the illuminating lamp is installed, the light source of the illuminating lamp is blue green light, the intensity of the light source is 100lx, and the illumination time is repeated at intervals of 22h during the cultivation.
(2) Water quality management
Filtering seawater, wherein the filtering material is prepared from 7 parts by weight of tourmaline powder, 2 parts by weight of graphite flakes, 12 parts by weight of macroporous resin, 3 parts by weight of chitosan and 17 parts by weight of activated carbon, the first seawater replacement time is 6 days after the fry is put into the pond, the seawater replacement discharge amount is 15 percent after the seawater replacement is carried out for the first time, the seawater depth in the pond is kept to be 1.3m, the pH value is 6-7, the salinity is 8-12 per mill, biological agents are sprayed every 13 days, the biological agents are prepared from 5 parts by weight of enterobacter cloacae, 2 parts by weight of lactobacillus solution, 12 parts by weight of zeolite powder, 4 parts by weight of Kluyveromyces fragilis and 80 parts by weight of water, and the spraying amount of the biological agents is 60 g/g.
(3) Throwing density
And putting 125 fish fries of the golden drum fish per square meter.
(4) Feeding feed
The cabbage leaves, bait and the feed for the golden drum fish are put in the feed, and the feed for the golden drum fish is prepared from 8 parts of shelled melon seeds, 4 parts of lard, 25 parts of schizochytrium limacinum powder, 20 parts of gynostemma pentaphylla powder, 1 part of seal oil, 12 parts of shrimp shell powder, 35 parts of wheat flour, 4 parts of placenta hominis, 4 parts of caulis spatholobi, 8 parts of agilawood leaves and 4 parts of water. 1-15 days after the larval fish is put into the fish tank, the putting mass ratio is 0.7:2: 3-7 parts of Chinese cabbage leaves, bait and feed for the golden drum fish; 15-30 days, the adding mass ratio is 0.7:4:5, chinese cabbage leaves, bait and feed for the golden drum fish; and in the period from 30 days to the fishing period, the feeding mass ratio is 0.7:8:5, chinese cabbage leaves, bait and feed for the golden drum fish.
(5) Construction of ecological environment
Planting water plants and grape algae in the fish pond, wherein the planting density of the water plants is 60g per square meter, and the planting density of the grape algae is 250g per square meter.
(6) The culture time is from 7 months in 2020 to 11 months in 2020.
Example 4 Industrial Artificial rearing method for Scomber scombrus
(1) Laying fish pond
Building a round fishpond in a shade place, wherein the depth of the round fishpond is 1.6m, and kaolin and cement are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:0.5, mixing, smearing the mixture on the periphery of a fish pond, paving sea sand at the bottom of the fish pond, wherein the thickness is 40cm, and the paving mass ratio of the sea sand surface is 1:1 yellow river jade and tourmaline, the laying thickness is 5cm, the lighting lamp is installed, the light source of the lighting lamp is blue green light, the intensity of the light source is 100lx, and the irradiation time is repeated every 20h during the cultivation period.
(2) Water quality management
Filtering seawater, wherein the filtering material is prepared from 8 parts by weight of tourmaline powder, 1 part by weight of graphite flakes, 13 parts by weight of macroporous resin, 2 parts by weight of chitosan and 15 parts by weight of activated carbon, the first seawater replacement time is 7 days after fish fries are put into a pond, the seawater replacement discharge amount is 15 percent after the first seawater replacement is carried out every 20 days, the seawater depth in the fish pond is kept at 1.2m, the pH value is 6-7, the salinity is 8-12 thousandths, and biological agents are sprayed every 14 days and are prepared from 4 parts by weight of enterobacter cloacae, 3 parts by weight of lactobacillus acidophilus liquid, 13 parts by weight of zeolite powder, 3 parts by weight of kluyveromyces fragilis and 60 parts by weight of water, and the spraying amount of the biological agents is 55 g/g of square meters.
(3) Throwing density
And putting 125 fish fries of the golden drum fish per square meter.
(4) Feeding feed
The cabbage leaves, the bait and the golden drum fish feed are put in, and the golden drum fish feed is prepared from 7 parts of shelled melon seeds, 5 parts of lard oil, 30 parts of schizochytrium limacinum powder, 15 parts of gynostemma pentaphylla powder, 1.5 parts of seal oil, 10 parts of shrimp shell powder, 40 parts of wheat flour, 5 parts of placenta hominis, 3 parts of caulis spatholobi, 10 parts of agilawood leaves and 3 parts of water. 1-15 days after the larval fish is put into the fish tank, the mass ratio of the larval fish to the young fish is 0.5:2:7, chinese cabbage leaves, bait and feed for the golden drum fish; 15-30 days, the adding mass ratio is 0.5:4:3, chinese cabbage leaves, bait and feed for the golden drum fish; and in the period from 30 days to the fishing period, the feeding mass ratio is 0.5:8:5, chinese cabbage leaves, bait and feed for the golden drum fish.
(5) Construction of ecological environment
Planting water plants and grape algae in the fish pond, wherein the planting density of the water plants is 60g per square meter, and the planting density of the grape algae is 250g per square meter.
(6) The culture time is from 2020 to 11 months.
Example 5 Industrial Artificial rearing method of Scorzonera gigas
The culture time of the steps 1 to 5 is 3 months to 7 months in 2020 like the example 1.
Example 6 Industrial Artificial rearing method of Scorzonera gigas
Steps 1-5 are the same as example 1, and the cultivation period is 2020 and 11 months to 2021 and 3 months.
In examples 1 to 6, the preparation method of the feed for the golden drum fish comprises the following steps:
(1) Sealing and fermenting the agilawood leaves, the caulis spatholobi and the purple placenta river for 11 days at the fermentation temperature of 40 ℃ to obtain a traditional Chinese medicine fermentation product;
(2) Mashing shelled melon seeds and the traditional Chinese medicine fermentation product, and adding lard, schizochytrium limacinum powder, gynostemma pentaphylla powder, seal oil, shrimp shell powder, wheat flour and water for mixing to obtain a soft material of the feed for the golden drum fish;
(3) Granulating the soft material of the goldfish feed by using a spray drying method, wherein the spray drying method adopts a spray gun type spray dryer, and the temperature is 160 ℃; the pressure of the spray gun is 0.8MPa; the caliber of the spray gun is 1.0mm.
Comparative example 1
On the basis of the embodiment 3, in the step (1), the yellow river jade and the tourmaline are replaced by the yellow river jade and the vesuvianite, specifically, a round fishpond is built in a shade place, the depth is 1.3m, and kaolin and cement are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:0.4, mixing, smearing the mixture on the periphery of a fish pond, paving sea sand and sea sand at the bottom of the fish pond, wherein the thickness of the sea sand and the sea sand are 35cm, and the paving mass ratio of the sea sand surface is 1:11.5 the yellow river jade and the tourmaline are paved with the thickness of 6cm, and the illuminating lamp is installed.
Comparative example 2
On the basis of the embodiment 3, in the step (2), the pH value of the seawater is adjusted to 7-8, and the salinity is 13-15 permillage, specifically, the seawater is filtered, the filtering material is made of tourmaline powder, graphite flakes, macroporous resin, chitosan and activated carbon, the seawater replacement time for the first time is 5-7 days after the fry is put into the pond, the seawater is replaced every 20-25 days after the seawater is replaced for the first time, the seawater depth in the fish pond is kept to 0.8-0.9m, the pH value is adjusted to 7-8, and the salinity is 13-15 permillage.
Comparative example 3
In addition to example 3, in step (4), the feed for the golden drum fish was replaced with a commercial feed (Tongwei fish feed), specifically, cabbage leaves, bait, and a commercial feed were added, and the mass ratio of the feeds for the larval fish was 0.5:2:7 cabbage leaves, bait and commercial feed; 15-30 days, the adding mass ratio is 0.5:4:3, cabbage leaves, bait and commercial feed; and in the period from 30 days to the fishing period, the feeding mass ratio is 0.5:8:5, chinese cabbage leaves, bait and commercial feed.
Test examples
The method comprises the steps of carrying out cultivation in the harbor area of the new village in the Bing-shui county of Hainan province, wherein the area of a fishpond is 30 square meters, carrying out cultivation in each of examples 1-6 and comparative examples 1-3 by using one fishpond, carrying out tests in 9 fishponds in total, feeding at 6 points in the morning and 7 points in the evening, and carrying out statistics on the survival rate and the weight of the seedlings of the golden drum after the cultivation is finished, wherein the survival rate = the total feeding amount-the sum of the number of dead fish caught per day/the total feeding amount is 100%, and the weight is calculated by randomly extracting 100 fish seedlings for calculation.
Before the first water change and the third water change, water samples are taken in the morning to detect the oxygen content and the ammonia nitrogen content.
The oxygen content in the water body is detected according to GB/T7489-1987 iodine content determination method for water quality dissolved oxygen.
And detecting the content of ammonia nitrogen in the water body according to GB 7479-87.
Experimental results show that the industrial artificial breeding method for the golden drum fishes effectively controls the ammonia nitrogen content of the water body and accords with the GB3838-2002 surface water environment quality standard, in the embodiment, the temperature in south China of the sea of 12 months in 2020 is lower than that in the past year when the golden drum fishes meet typhoon weather in 7-10 months by feeding at different time intervals, and the survival rate and the golden drum fish weight data show that the breeding method for the golden drum fishes effectively overcomes weather factors, improves the survival rate of the golden drum fishes, and ensures that the breeding weight of the golden drum fishes reaches more than 290g after the breeding is finished.
Comparative example 1 yellow river jade and tourmaline are replaced by yellow river jade and vesuvianite, the rotting speed of the unused feed of the Scomber auritum in water is accelerated, the pH value is slightly fluctuated, the oxygen content and the survival rate are reduced, and the nitrogen and ammonia content is increased; comparative example 2 adjusting the pH value of seawater to 7-8, adjusting the salinity to 13-15 per mill, obviously reducing the oxygen content in water, increasing the nitrogen and ammonia content, and reducing the survival rate caused by the change of water quality; comparative example 3 the feed of the present invention is rich in various nutrients, not only can accelerate growth of the young goldfish, but also can reduce death rate of the young goldfish.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. An industrial artificial breeding method for Scorzonera chinensis is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: laying fish pond
Building a round fish pond at a shade place with the depth of 1.5 to 1.8m, mixing kaolin and cement, coating the mixture on the periphery of the fish pond, paving sea sand at the bottom of the fish pond, paving yellow river jade and tourmaline on the surface of the sea sand, installing an illuminating lamp, wherein the light source of the illuminating lamp is blue-green light, the light source intensity is 50 to 150lx, the irradiation time is the culture period, and the irradiation is repeated at intervals of 18 to 24h;
s2: water quality management
Filtering seawater, wherein a filtering material is prepared from tourmaline powder, graphite flakes, macroporous resin, chitosan and activated carbon, the first seawater replacement time is 5 to 7 days after the fish fries are put into the pond, the seawater replacement time is 20 to 25 days after the first seawater replacement, biological preparations are sprayed every 10 to 15 days, the seawater depth in the fish pond is kept to be 1.0 to 1.4m, the pH value is 6 to 7, and the salinity is 8 to 12 thousandths;
s3: throwing density
Putting the golden drum fish fry for 100 to 150 fish per square meter;
s4: feeding feed
The mass ratio of the materials to be put is 0.5-0.8: 1 to 10:3 to 7 of cabbage leaves, bait and a goldfish feed, wherein the goldfish feed is prepared from shelled melon seeds, lard, schizochytrium powder, gynostemma pentaphylla powder, seal oil, shrimp shell powder, wheat flour, placenta hominis, caulis spatholobi, agilawood leaves and water;
s5: construction of ecological environment
Aquatic plants and Botryococcus are planted in the fish pond.
2. The industrial artificial breeding method of the golden drum fish according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the mass ratio of the kaolin to the cement is 1:0.3 to 0.5, wherein the mass ratio of the Huangheyu to the tourmaline is 1:1 to 2, and the paving thickness is 5 to 7cm.
3. The method for industrially artificially raising the seedlings of the goldfish according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the filter material is prepared from 5 to 8 parts by weight of tourmaline powder, 1 to 3 parts by weight of graphite flakes, 10 to 13 parts by weight of macroporous resin, 2 to 4 parts by weight of chitosan and 15 to 20 parts by weight of activated carbon, and the discharge amount of seawater replacement is 10 to 20%.
4. The industrial artificial breeding method of the golden drum fish according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the bait comprises one or more of rotifer, fairy shrimp nauplii, live mysidacea larvae, copepods and cladocerans.
5. The method for industrially raising seedlings of gold drum fish according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the gold drum fish feed is prepared from 7 to 10 parts by weight of shelled melon seeds, 3 to 5 parts by weight of lard, 20 to 30 parts by weight of schizochytrium limacinum powder, 15 to 25 parts by weight of gynostemma pentaphylla powder, 0.5 to 1.5 parts by weight of seal oil, 10 to 15 parts by weight of shrimp shell powder, 30 to 40 parts by weight of wheat flour, 3 to 5 parts by weight of ziche, 3 to 5 parts by weight of caulis Spatholobi, 7 to 10 parts by weight of agilawood leaves and 3 to 5 parts by weight of water.
6. The industrial artificial breeding method of the golden drum fish as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the feed for the golden drum fish comprises the following steps:
(1) Sealing and fermenting the agilawood leaves, the caulis spatholobi and the purple yam for 10 to 12 days at the fermentation temperature of 40 to 45 ℃ to prepare a traditional Chinese medicine fermentation product;
(2) Mashing shelled melon seeds and traditional Chinese medicine fermentation products, adding lard oil, schizochytrium limacinum powder, gynostemma pentaphylla powder, seal oil, shrimp shell powder, wheat flour and water, and mixing to obtain a soft material of the golden drum fish feed;
(3) Granulating the soft goldfish feed material by using a spray drying method, wherein the spray drying method adopts a spray gun type spray dryer, and the temperature is 150 to 180 ℃; the pressure of the spray gun is 0.5MPa to 1.2MPa; the caliber of the spray gun is 0.6 mm-1.5 mm.
7. The method for industrially and artificially raising the fry of the golden drum fish according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the mass ratio of the fry to the feed is from 0.5 to 0.8 after the fry is fed for 1 to 15 days: 1 to 3:3 to 7 of cabbage leaves, bait and feed for the golden drum fish; 15 to 30 days, and the mass ratio of the materials to be put is 0.5 to 0.8:2 to 6:3 to 7 of cabbage leaves, bait and feed for the golden drum fish; and (3) from 30 days to the fishing period, the feeding mass ratio is 0.5 to 0.8:5 to 10:3 to 7 of cabbage leaves, bait and feed for the golden drum fish.
8. The method for industrially artificially breeding the seedlings of the goldfish according to claim 1, wherein in the step S5, the planting density of the aquatic weeds is 30 to 10010 grams per square meter, and the planting density of the grape vines is 200 to 300grams per square meter.
9. The method for industrially and artificially culturing the seedlings of the golden drum fish according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the biological agent is prepared from 2 to 7 parts by weight of enterobacter cloacae, 1 to 3 parts by weight of lactobacillus solution, 10 to 14 parts by weight of zeolite powder, 3 to 5 parts by weight of Kluyveromyces fragilis and 50 to 100 parts by weight of water, and the spraying amount of the biological agent is 50 to 70g/square meter.
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| CN108323458A (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2018-07-27 | 上海市水产研究所 | The indoor high-density cultural method of Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus) current year fingerling |
| CN110872194A (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2020-03-10 | 上海安娜奥环境科技有限公司 | Ceramic ball capable of reducing water molecule agglomeration and preparation method thereof |
| CN111955388A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2020-11-20 | 上海市水产研究所（上海市水产技术推广站） | Method for breeding larval and juvenile pseudosciaena crocea in indoor cement pond |
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