CN102771422A - Multiple hybrid polyculture method of omnivorous and carnivorous fishes in intensive prawn culture pond - Google Patents
Multiple hybrid polyculture method of omnivorous and carnivorous fishes in intensive prawn culture pond Download PDFInfo
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- CN102771422A CN102771422A CN2012102556268A CN201210255626A CN102771422A CN 102771422 A CN102771422 A CN 102771422A CN 2012102556268 A CN2012102556268 A CN 2012102556268A CN 201210255626 A CN201210255626 A CN 201210255626A CN 102771422 A CN102771422 A CN 102771422A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multiple hybrid polyculture method of omnivorous and carnivorous fishes in an intensive prawn culture pond. The method includes pretreating pond water in a pond with a surrounding net at the center, putting prawn seeds in the pond for culture, putting omnivorous fish seeds in the surrounding net for culture, putting carnivorous fish seeds outside the surrounding net for culture, using an aerator to aerate the pond during culture, throwing feed in the area outside the surrounding net at times, and adding microbiological preparation to control water quality in mid-to-late period of culture. By the method, utilization rate of prawn feed can be increased evidently, excess accumulation of organic pollutants in the intensive prawn culture pond is relieved effectively, the problem of low utilization rate of center space of the intensive prawn culture pond can be solved, infectious prawn diseases can be controlled to a certain degree, various advantages of fish and shrimp polyculture are given to play, and success rate of prawn culture is increased greatly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is specifically related to the polynary compound method of raising together with omnivorousness and predacious fish of a kind of prawn fishing breeding pond.
Background technology
The prawn pond culture is the mainstay of China's mariculture industry, and prawn is the main breed object in China coastal beach pond.At present the prawn pond is main with the monoculture prawn, and cultured area and output mainly come from intensive culture Tu Chi (breeding density is high, outfit oxygen increasing equipment, the whole process artificial feed of throwing something and feeding) and high-order fishing breeding pond.At the prawn fishing breeding pond, Chi Shui receives aerator to promote to flow along the certain orientation rotation, and the residual bait of the prawn in the pond, bulky grain organic matter, prawn corpse even Low prawn are all concentrated to the central area, pond along current gradually.Therefore, the middle section of prawn fishing breeding pond, organic substance will produce a large amount of poisonous and harmful substances if can not get timely removing, when ruining water quality gradually, also multiplies various cause of diseases.According to investigations, the pond middle section generally seldom has prawn to perch, and space availability ratio is low.
Once more since the large-scale outbreak, the success rate of prawn monoculture sharply reduced from China's shrimp disease in 2009, and the advantage of the fishes and shrimps technology of raising together with is able to highlight, but most polyculture methods imperfection still.According to different culture efficiencies, the mode that China's fishes and shrimps are raised together with mainly contains 3 kinds: (1) prawn-ominivore-fish is raised together with, and is used to improve the prawn feed availability; (2) prawn-predacious fish is raised together with, and is used to prevent the prawn contagious disease; (3) prawn-filter-feeding fish is raised together with, and is used to improve pond water quality, reduces the aquaculture wastewater discharging.Although more than several kinds of modes of raising together with application is all arranged in various places; But still have many weak points, for example: the residual bait of prawn can effectively reduced and eliminate in (1) though a small amount of ominivore-fish is raised together with in the shrimp pond, and economic benefit amplification is not obvious; If instead the ominivore-fish quantity of raising together with is more; Will fight for the prawn feed of high value, influence prawn on the contrary and normally ingest and grow, and raise together with the DeGrain of ominivore-fish for prevention and control prawn contagious disease.(2) prawn-predacious fish is raised together with and can cut off the horizontal transmission approach of shrimp disease through fish ingest dead shrimp and sick and weak shrimp, in case quantity or individual size that can carnivorous fish be improper, healthy prawn will be preyed on by fish in a large number, makes that the prawn survival rate is low; And predacious fish is often not good for the removing effect of the residual bait of prawn.(3) generally raise together with or cellular-type is raised together with bulky grain organic matter and the plankton of filter-feeding fish in can filtering water in the shrimp pond, improves water quality, but can not solve the problem of residual bait of prawn and communicable disease prevention and control.(4) can not solve the low problem of prawn fishing breeding pond middle section space availability ratio.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved of the present invention provides the polynary compound method of raising together with omnivorousness and predacious fish of a kind of prawn fishing breeding pond; This method can not only solve the difficult difficult problem of removing of prawn fishing breeding pond organic pollutant accumulation; Can also solve the low problem of prawn fishing breeding pond middle section space availability ratio; Improve the advantage that fishes and shrimps are raised together with simultaneously, improved the success rate of prawn culturing.
Above-mentioned technical problem of the present invention realizes through following technical scheme: the polynary compound method of raising together with omnivorousness and predacious fish of a kind of prawn fishing breeding pond; After the pond water that the pond middle section is provided with purse seine carries out preliminary treatment; In the pond, put the prawn seedling in a suitable place to breed; And in purse seine, put the omnivorousness fingerling in a suitable place to breed, and outside purse seine, put carnivorous fingerling in a suitable place to breed, in the process of culturing, adopt aerator that oxygenation is carried out in the pond; And the feed of throwing something and feeding in the purse seine perimeter frequently, at the middle and later periods interpolation microorganism formulation and the chemical reagent of culturing water quality is regulated and control to get final product.
The present invention can clean up the pond and shine the pool earlier and handle before the water inlet of pond to the pond.Clean up the pond and to adopt ordinary skill in the art means, clean up the pond, and shine at the bottom of the pool to the pond be full of cracks (bone dry at the bottom of mulch film or the cement pit) for well as adopting quicklime and/or leached tea oil slag.It is thorough inadequately to clean up the pond like quicklime, can also further adopt leached tea oil slag clean up the pond (consumption is every mu of 15-20kg).
The present invention can be provided with purse seine at the pond middle section before the water inlet of pond, the lower limb of purse seine is fixed in the bottom in pond; The purse seine border to the pond outer rim near but be no more than the inboard tangent line of aerator current; After the water inlet of pond, the aerator current flow around purse seine, but can not wash away purse seine.
The mesh specification of purse seine of the present invention can not freely come in and go out to good food polygamy fingerling and carnivorous fingerling for the prawn seedling is is freely come in and gone out.
Omnivorousness fingerling of the present invention is preferably grey mullet, Tilapia mossambica, grass carp, yellowfin porgy or mullet, in case of necessity, also can in the above-mentioned several kinds of fishes two or more be invested in the purse seine, and the size of omnivorousness fingerling is good with the purse seine of can not freely coming in and going out; Omnivorousness fingerling stocking density can combine concrete kind and specification and decide.
Carnivorous fish species according to the invention is preferably green grouper, Egypt clarias, USA redfish, Bostrichthys sinensis or ovatus, when necessary, can also be in the several fish two or two or more invested in the fence, the carnivorous fish the size of the order can not be freely fence better, carnivorous species number is not too high, it is recommended stocking per acre ponds stocked with large seedlings 3-10 tail.
Microorganism formulation according to the invention is preferably one or more in photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus, nitrifying bacteria and the lactic acid bacteria.
Chemical reagent of the present invention is a quicklime, and addition is every mu of pond 100-200kg.
The preliminary treatment of pond water of the present invention comprises pond water carried out disinfection carries out the rich water step after disappearing with pond water toxicity.
The present invention put the omnivorousness fingerling in a suitable place to breed in 10 ~ 20 days in purse seine after putting prawn in a suitable place to breed, and outside purse seine, to put carnivorous fingerling in a suitable place to breed be good, also can look concrete breed situation and decided.
Method provided by the invention goes for being equipped with prawn intensive culture Tu Chi, prawn intensive culture shop membrane cisterna, prawn intensive culture cement pit and the prawn intensive culture winter canopy pond of aerator.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantage:
(1) the invention solves the difficult difficult problem of removing of prawn fishing breeding pond organic pollutant accumulation, environmental ecological benefit is remarkable, and has well solved the mutualism problem of different breeding kind in the polynary complex culture pattern, and it is few to culture omnidistance medication, and the prawn survival rate is high;
(2) the present invention has made full use of the middle section in pond, and prawn culturing success rate and overall economic efficiency significantly improve than traditional cultural method;
(3) the present invention effectively utilizes omnivorousness fingerling and carnivorous fingerling to remove residual bait, particulate organic matter and the biological feed of prawn fishing breeding pond; And made full use of the central idle space of prawn fishing breeding pond; Improve the water quality of cultivating pool, reduced the blowdown of cultivating pool, and prevented and controlled the prawn communicable disease; Improve the breed success rate, effectively reduced the prawn culturing risk.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Prawn winter canopy fishing breeding pond is used
The polynary compound pattern of raising together with of prawn fishing breeding pond provided by the invention has been carried out the polynary pond of raising together with of prawn winter canopy and has been tested in the prawn culturing field.4 mouthfuls of winter canopy cultivating pools of observation, wherein polynary pond and respectively 2 mouthfuls in the monoculture contrast pond of raising together with is included in respectively in two plastic film sheds.Culturing the pond is square silt Tu Chi, and area is 6 mu; Two of 1.5KW paddle aerators are joined in every pond.
Before the water inlet of pond, adopt quicklime to clean up the pond, and chap at the bottom of shining the pool to pond.
After the pond water inlet, pond water is carried out preliminary treatment, comprising carries out disinfection to pond water carries out the rich water step after disappearing with pond water toxicity.Pool sym-closene (consumption 1-2ppm) etc. is adopted in sterilization.Adopt calcium dihydrogen phosphate after 3 days, and special-purpose rich water series of products consumption and methods to specifications such as " the rich water master worker " that produce of Guangzhou Xin Haili bio tech ltd, " rich water is fast " are splashed in the pool.
Each is polynary raises together with pond central authorities (mesh is wide 3 centimetres with the net sheet; To make food polygamy fingerling and the carnivorous fingerling mesh of can not coming in and going out be good to the mesh specification of purse seine in order to make the prawn seedling can come in and go out mesh) with timber the rectangle purse seine that area is 800 square meters (growing 32 meters, wide 25 meters) is set.The lower limb of purse seine is fixed in the bottom in pond, the purse seine border to the pond outer rim near but be no more than the inboard tangent line of aerator current, after the water inlet of pond, the aerator current flow around purse seine, but can not wash away purse seine.
Regulating reservoir salinity water about 15, water temperature maintain between 22-26 ℃, the round-the-clock unlatching of aerator.The prawn seedling is gone into the pond by the end of October, and breeding density 80,000 tail/mus were put behind the seedling 10-15 days, in raising together with the purse seine in pond, put into lucky beautiful Tilapia mossambica 1500 tails of salt resistance Tilapia mossambica kind of average weight 65g, outside purse seine, put into average weight 280g green hata 30 tails simultaneously.Only to the prawn feed of throwing something and feeding, every day sooner or later twice, feeding volume is done conventional adjustment according to the bait table situation during the breed.Use products such as photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus, quicklime according to the Chi Shui phase of coming and go and regulate water quality.The concrete addition of microorganism formulation is different because of the difference of the type of product, producer, concentration etc.For example, " probiotic king (effect type by force) " main component that Guangzhou Xin Haili bio tech ltd is produced is the bacillus of high concentration, whenever uses at a distance from 10 days, and every bag (1kg) can be used in 6-8 mu pond.The addition of quicklime is good with every mu of pond 100-200kg.
The result shows: success is all cultured in 4 mouthfuls of ponds, draws in the net to gather in the crops 430 kilograms of contrast pool average yield per mu prawns, survival rate 43%, feed coefficient 1.9 by the end of February.The same period, polynary 578 kilograms of pool average yield per mu prawns, survival rate 58%, the composite bait coefficient 1.2 of raising together with; Gather in the crops 705 kilograms of lucky beautiful Tilapia mossambicas, survival rate 93%, average specification reaches 506g; Green hata survival rate 100%, average weight 470g reaches the listing specification, and benefit obviously is superior to the monoculture contrast pool.
Above-mentioned omnivorousness of raising together with and predacious fish then can not selected to continue to deposit the pool according to actual conditions and carry out next stubble and raise together with or the branch pool if reach the listing specification.
Embodiment 2
Intensive culture Tu Chi uses (1)
The polynary compound pattern of raising together with of the prawn fishing breeding pond that present embodiment provides has been carried out the pond pilot scale of intensive culture soil and has been used in the prawn culturing field.6 mouthfuls in pond of observation, wherein polynary pond and respectively 3 mouthfuls in the monoculture contrast pond of raising together with.Culturing the pond is square silt Tu Chi, and area is 6 mu, and water inlet, discharge outlet are positioned at the central authorities of pond offside; Two of 1.5KW paddle aerators are joined in every pond.
Each is polynary raises together with pond central authorities (mesh is wide 2 centimetres with the net sheet; To make food polygamy fingerling and the carnivorous fingerling mesh of can not coming in and going out be good to the mesh specification of purse seine in order to make prawn can come in and go out mesh) with timber the rectangle purse seine that area is 800 square meters (growing 32 meters, wide 25 meters) is set.The lower limb of purse seine is fixed in the bottom in pond, the purse seine border to the pond outer rim near but be no more than the inboard tangent line of aerator current, after the water inlet of pond, the aerator current flow around purse seine, but can not wash away purse seine.
At the beginning of 4 months, when being stabilized in more than 27 ℃, prepares temperature first batch of prawn culturing then.Culture the pond and cleaned up the pond with leached tea oil slag in preceding 10 days, then water inlet in putting seedling; Put preceding 5 days of seedling and carry out water body disinfection with pool poison clear (the prosperous foreign-water in Beijing produces new and high technology Co., Ltd and produces model: (A+B) (300+200 gram) x28 cover/bucket, main component chlorine dioxide); 2-3d uses calcium dihydrogen phosphate rich water afterwards; Rich water is put Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low (Litopenaeus vannamei) seedling in a suitable place to breed after 3 days; Density is 50,000 tail/mus; Begin the prawn feed of throwing something and feeding after 5 days, the surplus that concrete feeding volume is looked on the feed table is made conventional adjustment, the prawn pellet of throwing something and feeding sooner or later every day twice.Put shrimp seedling 15-20 after day; In polynary purse seine of raising together with the pool, respectively put grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) seedling 1200 tails of average weight 15g in a suitable place to breed; And in addition at green hata (Epinephelus awoara) seedlings 30 tails of putting in a suitable place to breed outside the purse seine about the about 100g of average weight, the aerator all-weather is opened.Not bait throwing in the purse seine guarantees that through measures such as fertilisings plankton reaches enough concentration in the pond but culture in 30 days, and water transparence maintains about 40cm.Rainy weather reduces even stops feedstuff feeding.Culturing the middle and later periods irregularly uses microorganism formulations such as photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus to regulate water quality according to pond water colour and transparency change.Culture whole process and do not change water, middle and later periods an amount of moisturizing in the cistern according to actual needs.Mid or late July is drawn in the net shrimping, and grey mullet is deposited the pool.
The result shows: 3 mouthfuls polynary raises together with pool prawn and all cultures success, 610 kilograms of average yield per mu shrimps, and survival rate 73%, feed coefficient 1.0, the grouper average weight reaches 170g, survival rate 100%, the grouper of fishing for is up put back to the pool and continues to raise; 3 mouthfuls of contrast pools have two mouthfuls the prawn disease row pool successively to take place culturing mid-term, find disease and fish for 279 kilograms of per mu yield shrimps in advance culturing the later stage for 1 mouthful.
After receiving shrimp, shrimp pond aerator continues start every day, looks the water quality situation and uses the microorganism formulation water transfer.3-5 begins to throw in second batch of prawn seedling after day, density 50,000 tail/mus.Operational administrative is basic identical with first batch of breed.There is 1 mouthful of morbidity row pool on the monoculture contrast pool, cultures successfully for 2 mouthfuls, receives shrimp mid-September, 487 kilograms of average yield per mu shrimps, survival rate 64%, feed coefficient 1.2.Success is all cultured on 3 mouthfuls of polynary pools of raising together with, and draws in the net to receive shrimp mid-October, 694 kilograms of average yield per mu prawns, survival rate 84%, feed coefficient 0.9; The average individual specification of green hata reaches 280g, survival rate 100%; The results grey mullet is 315 kilograms in the purse seine, individual counterpoise 320g, and survival rate 82% is transferred to after drawing in the net and cultures the pool winter.
Embodiment 3
Intensive culture Tu Chi uses (2)
The polynary compound pattern of raising together with of the prawn fishing breeding pond that present embodiment provides has been carried out the pond pilot scale of intensive culture soil and has been used in the prawn culturing field.The experiment pond is 3 mouthfuls, and culturing the pond is square silt Tu Chi, and area is 6 mu, and water inlet, discharge outlet are positioned at the central authorities of pond offside; Two of 1.5KW paddle aerators are joined in every pond.Each is polynary raises together with pond central authorities (mesh is wide 2 centimetres with the net sheet; To make food polygamy fingerling and the carnivorous fingerling mesh of can not coming in and going out be good to the mesh specification of purse seine in order to make prawn can come in and go out mesh) with timber the rectangle purse seine that area is 800 square meters (growing 32 meters, wide 25 meters) is set.
Experiment starts from mid-June.Culture the pond and cleaned up the pond with leached tea oil slag in preceding 10 days, then water inlet in putting seedling; Put preceding 5 days of seedling and carry out water body disinfection clearly with pool poison; Used calcium dihydrogen phosphate rich water in 2-3 days afterwards, rich water is respectively put grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) seedling 330 tails of average weight 15g in a suitable place to breed in polynary purse seine of raising together with the pool after 2 days; Rich water is put Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low (Litopenaeus vannamei) seedling in a suitable place to breed after 3 days, density is 50,000 tail/mus, begins the prawn feed of throwing something and feeding after 5 days, and concrete feeding volume is looked the surplus on the feed table and decided the prawn pellet of throwing something and feeding sooner or later every day twice; Rich water after 14 days in addition at Egyptian beard Nian (Clarias lazera Valenciennes) seedlings 30 tails of putting in a suitable place to breed outside the purse seine about the about 400g of average weight, open by the aerator all-weather.Management is identical with example 2 with enforcement during the breed: not bait throwing in the purse seine, guarantee that through measures such as fertilisings plankton reaches enough concentration in the pond but culture in 30 days, and water transparence maintains about 40cm.Rainy weather reduces even stops feedstuff feeding.Culturing the middle and later periods irregularly uses microorganism formulations such as photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus to regulate water quality according to pond water colour and transparency change.Culture whole process and do not change water, middle and later periods an amount of moisturizing in the cistern according to actual needs.
Mid or late September has begun to catch, and the result shows: 3 mouthfuls polynary raises together with pool prawn and all cultures success, 600 kilograms of average yield per mu shrimps, and survival rate 67-84%, feed coefficient 1.1, Egyptian beard Nian average weight reaches 1.5-2.0kg, average survival 60%; The grass carp average weight is 2-3kg, average survival 65%.
Above embodiment only is used to set forth the present invention, and protection scope of the present invention is not only to be confined to above embodiment.Content disclosed by the invention and scope that each parameter is got more than the those of ordinary skill foundation of said technical field all can realize the object of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. polynary compound method of raising together with omnivorousness and predacious fish of prawn fishing breeding pond; It is characterized in that: after the pond water that the pond middle section is provided with purse seine carries out preliminary treatment, in the pond, put the prawn seedling in a suitable place to breed, and in purse seine, put the omnivorousness fingerling in a suitable place to breed; Outside purse seine, put carnivorous fingerling in a suitable place to breed; In the process of culturing, adopt aerator that oxygenation is carried out in the pond, and the feed of throwing something and feeding in the purse seine perimeter, add microorganism formulation in the middle and later periods of culturing water quality is regulated and control to get final product.
2. the polynary compound method of raising together with omnivorousness and predacious fish of prawn fishing breeding pond according to claim 1 is characterized in that: before pond water inlet, to cleaning up the pond and shine the pool and handle in the pond, and middle section is provided with purse seine in the pond.
3. the polynary compound method of raising together with omnivorousness and predacious fish of prawn fishing breeding pond according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the mesh specification of said purse seine makes food polygamy fingerling and the carnivorous fingerling mesh of can not coming in and going out for making the prawn mesh of coming in and going out.
4. the polynary compound method of raising together with omnivorousness and predacious fish of prawn fishing breeding pond according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described omnivorousness fingerling is mainly grey mullet, Tilapia mossambica, grass carp, yellowfin porgy or mullet.
5 according to claim 1, wherein the multiple composite shrimp intensive pond polyculture omnivorous and carnivorous fish, characterized in that: said carnivorous species are mainly green grouper, Egypt clarias, China Black Sleeper, U.S. redfish or ovatus.
6. the polynary compound method of raising together with omnivorousness and predacious fish of prawn fishing breeding pond according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: said microorganism formulation is one or more in photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus, nitrifying bacteria and the lactic acid bacteria.
7. the polynary compound method of raising together with omnivorousness and predacious fish of prawn fishing breeding pond according to claim 6; It is characterized in that: also add chemical reagent in the middle and later periods of culturing water quality is regulated and control; Described chemical reagent is a quicklime, and the addition of quicklime is every mu of pond 100 ~ 200kg.
8. the polynary compound method of raising together with omnivorousness and predacious fish of prawn fishing breeding pond according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the preliminary treatment of pond water comprises pond water carried out disinfection carries out rich water after disappearing with pond water toxicity.
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| CN103120141A (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2013-05-29 | 缪淑华 | Composite stereoscopic ecological breeding method of penaeus vannawei, globefish and chub |
| CN103190528A (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2013-07-10 | 广东通威饲料有限公司 | Novel high-efficiency environment-friendly fish and shrimp polyculture feed |
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| CN105475187A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-04-13 | 江苏省海洋水产研究所 | Mixed breeding method of carassius auratus gibelio and penaeus vannamei boone |
| CN105557571A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-05-11 | 广东海洋大学 | Combined method of stereo ecological polyculture mode and prevention and control of hepatopancreatic necrosis disease and white spot syndrome |
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| CN107197791A (en) * | 2017-07-26 | 2017-09-26 | 广西壮族自治区水产科学研究院 | The pond ecological polyculture method of gift tilapia and Macrobrachium rosenbergii |
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