CN105557571A - Combined method of stereo ecological polyculture mode and prevention and control of hepatopancreatic necrosis disease and white spot syndrome - Google Patents
Combined method of stereo ecological polyculture mode and prevention and control of hepatopancreatic necrosis disease and white spot syndrome Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a combined method of a stereo ecological polyculture mode and the prevention and control of hepatopancreatic necrosis disease and white spot syndrome. Specifically, 3 days before adding prawn seeds, 200 scatophagus argus fries with length of 3-5cm and 300 siganids fries with length of 2-3cm are added into every Mu of a breeding pond; when prawn seeds are to be added, a prawn seed addition amount is 80000-100000 seeds/Mu; when prawn length reaches 4-5cm, 5-6 Nile perch with length of 8-10cm and 10-15 hybrid giant tiger groupers with length of 8-10cm are added into every Mu of the pond. According to the invention, fishes with different feeding habits are cultured with prawns at a same time, such that diseases and weak prawns are eliminated in time, prawn disease infection source is eliminated, and a water cleaning function is realized. A polyculture mode of prawns and fishes with suitable specifications is started from a breeding early-mid stage, such that a prawn disease infection source is cut off, and hepatopancreatic necrosis disease and white spot syndrome outbreak is prevented. The breeding mode is optimized, such that prawn breeding success rate is improved. The method provided by the invention is suitable for the breeding of prawns such as litopenaeus vannamei, marsupenaeus japonicas, penaeus monodon and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of stereo ecological Polyculture associating prevention and control Hepatopancreatic necrosis disease and white spot syndrome, belong to technical field of aquaculture.
Background technology
Shrimp culture industry is China's mariculture pillar industry, and the eighties in last century starts fast development, and produce per year and continue to rise, annual production so far maintains about 1,300,000 tons.But breeding density constantly increases, breeding environment worsens, disease incidence height etc. more highlights drawback day.Shrimp disease problem remains the Main Bottleneck of shrimp culture industry development.The major measure of current solution shrimp disease problem comprise improve prawn resistance against diseases, improve shrimp culture environment and cut off the route of transmission etc. of disease of prawn cause of disease several.Since prawn white spot syndrome (WhiteSpotSyndrome, WSD) outbreak of epidemic in 1992, a kind of practical ways have not worldwide still been found thoroughly to prevent the outbreak of epidemic of prawn white spot syndrome.In recent years the Hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (hepatopancreaticnecrosisdisease, AHPND) broken out inflicts heavy losses on shrimp culture industry again.The outbreak of epidemic of disease causes serious economic loss to the shrimp culture industry of China, and according to estimates, annual economic loss is up to 3,000,000,000 yuan.
Owing to pursuing high production, the breeding way of prawn develops into high density culture by low-density putting in a suitable place to breed, shows as high investment, and cultivation density strengthens, and increases the feed and drug use amount thrown in, increases the aquaculture model of quantity of exchanged water.The cultivation amount of unit of water body increases, and excreta, the remaining bait of generation must increase.Because the species of culturing pool are single, the ecosystem is very fragile, once cultivation amount exceedes the ecological ability to bear of culturing pool, it is inevitable that the ecosystem worsens.Ammonia-nitrogen content raises, bacteria breed, and harmful algae breaks out, and along with the ecosystem worsens, various disease will break out thereupon.The comprehensive infection of hepatopancrease that Hepatopancreatic necrosis disease is the bacterium of prawn hyperphagia, viral inclusion body causes.Hepatopancreatic necrosis disease occurs in the more early stage of cultivation.White spot syndrome is caused by white spot syndrome virus, mainly by prawn ingest die of illness shrimp infect.Environmental deterioration makes prawn be in emergency rating always, causes physique to die down, immunity degradation, once environment changes, potential virus disease is more easily broken out.
Fish-shrimp mix-culture effectively can prevent and treat prawn disease, its principle is different because raising together with fish ecological habit difference, filter-feeding fish and ominivore-fish can filter food hydroplankton, organic suspended matter, bacterial aggregate etc., remove the organic debrises such as residual bait, ight soil, biological corpse, thus play control plankton excessive multiplication, reduce the oxygen demand of non-cultivation object, keep stablizing of Chi Shui, for prawn growth provides good water quality environment.Predacious fish can eat up the sick and weak shrimp in pond, also can chase shrimps, produces " Catfish Effect ", ensures the vigor of pond shrimp, improves immunity, reaches protection effect, effectively controls Fast-propagation and the propagation of pathogene.The research of existing Fish-shrimp mix-culture at present, such as Chinese patent CN101622962A, CN103430882A, CN102771422A and CN103621448A etc.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome in existing Marsupenaeus japonicus breeding process the deficiency controlling Hepatopancreatic necrosis disease and white spot syndrome technology, a kind of stereo ecological Polyculture is provided, the method of associating prevention and control Hepatopancreatic necrosis disease and white spot syndrome, adopt the fish Polyculture with appropriate size from the cultivation prometaphase, cut off prawn disease source of infection, stop Hepatopancreatic necrosis disease and white spot syndrome outburst, and Optimal culture pattern, improve the cultivation success rate of prawn.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: a kind of method of stereo ecological Polyculture associating prevention and control Hepatopancreatic necrosis disease and white spot syndrome, the method throws in shrimp seedling first 3 days, throws in the Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus) fry 200 tails/mu of the long 3 ~ 5cm of body and the sub-fish fry of the indigo plant 300 tails/mu of the long 2 ~ 3cm of body in cultivating pool; When throwing in prawn shrimp seedling, prawn shrimp seedling injected volume is 8 ~ 100,000 tails/mu; As prawn culturing 4 ~ 5cm long to body, throw in barramundi 5 ~ 6 tails/mu of the long 8 ~ 10cm of body and pearl dragon wholesale grouper 10 ~ 15 tails/mu of the long 8 ~ 10cm of body.
Prawn described in the inventive method comprises Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low, Marsupenaeus japonicus, Penaeus monodon.
The present invention is as follows relative to the beneficial effect of prior art:
(1) the blue sub-fish of ominivore-fish that the Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus) and being applicable to omnivorousness and end feeding habits is raised together with can ingest the residual bait of food and unnecessary plankton in culturing pool, and algae and attachment etc. in culturing pool pond can be removed, optimize the ecosystem, ammonia-nitrogen content can be reduced, anti-bacteria grows effectively, there is clean function of water body, control the diffusion of bacteriosis in prawn culturing;
(2) barramundi that eurysalinity is carnivorous can be ingested disease shrimp, dead shrimp, effectively avoids prawn to kill and devour disease shrimp, dead shrimp, cuts off the chain that prawn disease is propagated;
(3) pearl dragon wholesale grouper swimming rate is unhappy, often prey in surprise attack mode, when raising together with prawn, the prawn of normal growth can not be interfered, the shrimp of vigor difference just can prey at shrimp premorbid the wholesale of pearl dragon by grouper, quick elimination white spot syndrome virus source of infection, plays the effect controlling white spot syndrome diffusion in prawn culturing;
(4) change the existing aquaculture model of prawn, in high density culture pond, the different phase of prawn culturing adds feeding habits difference, specification is different, density is different fish, and what make to cultivate a System forming stereo ecological raises together with form, optimizes the ecosystem; The inventive method is suitable for the cultivation of the common prawns such as Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low, Marsupenaeus japonicus, Penaeus monodon, show through research table, the inventive method effectively can control Hepatopancreatic necrosis disease and white spot syndrome in the breeding process of prawn, can reduce the use of medicine, improves cultivation success rate.
Embodiment
Be described in further details the present invention below by embodiment, these embodiments are only used for the present invention is described, do not limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment adopts the inventive method to cultivate at East Sea Island, Zhanjiang Experimental Base.
Pond is respectively 9# and 10#, area is 800m to choose experiment
2, the dark 1.5m in pond, husky mud substrate, has central drainage system and connects water treatment system.Often make after harvesting shrimp, pool water is drained, allow the sun shine and chap at the bottom of the pool, thoroughly remove mud and organic matter, pool wall barnacle etc. at the bottom of pond.Put the previous moon in a suitable place to breed, every mu with quicklime 70 ~ double centner, is uniformly distributed at the bottom of the pool, and is turned over, is exposed to the sun.Water inlet is to 20 ~ 30 centimetres.Adopt chlorinated product to carry out sterilization at the bottom of pond, effective chlorine density is 30 grams/cubic metre, and full pool spilling head medicine of cleaning up the pond kills fish, shrimp, crab ovum, bacterium, virus etc.
Breeding water is husky filter well filtering sea, puts seedling first 15 days 80 ~ 100 cm that add water, and is then that 5 ~ 10 grams of/cubic metre of chlorinated products are to water body disinfection with effective chlorine density.Within 2 days, select fine day to apply fertilizer the morning afterwards, cultivate foundation bait, rich water can educate algae agent 400 grams and dolomite dust 15 kilograms by every mu with rich water.Within every 3 ~ 5 days later, topdress depending on pond water water colour and plankton amount, ensure abundant foundation bait biological.
Water quality requirement when putting seedling: (1) water level 100 cm, water colour is yellow green, transparency 30 ~ 40 centimetres, fertile and tender refreshing, and pond foundation in water food organisms are abundanter.(2) water temperature: optimum water temperature is 24 ~ 28 DEG C.(3) pH value: shrimp pond pH value is the suitableeest between 8.0 ~ 8.6, lower than 7.6, should not differ with nursery pond pH and is no more than 0.5.(4) salinity: shrimp lake salt degree controls, between 25 ~ 35, to be not less than 18, differs with nursery pond salinity and is no more than 5.Put in a suitable place to breed and require that shrimp seedling individuality is stout and strong, neat specification, body surface cleans, without parasite, and total length more than 1 centimetre, travelling active.
Japonicus has the habit of hiding by day and coming out at night, and bait throwing in should be carried out at post sunset, and the late night to morning terminates, early stage 10 days 2 meal that feed intake, and 3 meal of throwing something and feeding for 11 ~ 17 days, changed 4 meal of throwing something and feeding after 20 days.Put seedling and throw in Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus) fry 300 tails/mu and the sub-fish fry of indigo plant 200 tails/mu afterwards in first 3 days.As prawn culturing 4 ~ 5cm long to body, throw in barramundi, the long 8 ~ 10cm of body, injected volume 20 tails/mu; Throw in pearl dragon wholesale grouper, the long 8 ~ 10cm of body, injected volume 10 ~ 15 tails/mu.The water-soluble oxygen amount in japonicus pond is not less than 3 mg/litre, and the cultivation later stage increases aerator, extends the aerator available machine time.Appropriate supplementary nutritive salts, keep water stabilization suggestion every 10 ~ 15 days full pool spilling heads 2 ~ 3 grams of/cubic metre of calcium monohydrogen phosphates 1 time, 20 grams of/cubic metre of dolomite dusts 1 time, 1 ~ 2 gram of/cubic metre of sodium bicarbonate 1 time, reaches more than 100 mg/litre to regulate water body total alkalinity.Improve prawn immunocompetence and anti-stress ability, the immune polysaccharide of 3 ‰ can be added in feed, the bioenzyme activity additive of 2 ‰, the vitamin C of 5 ‰, the vitamin E of 3 ‰, feed 5 days continuously, feed 2 meal every day; High temperature season adds allicin 2 ~ 4 ‰, simultaneously every mu of vitamin C 300 grams of splashing, glucose 500 grams.
Through the cultivation of 145 ~ 160 days, specification was 90 ~ 110/kilogram, average yield per mu 427 kilograms, and the highest per mu yield reaches 475 kilograms, average sales price 63.7 yuan/jin, mu profit 38138.66 yuan.
Claims (2)
1. the method for a stereo ecological Polyculture associating prevention and control Hepatopancreatic necrosis disease and white spot syndrome, it is characterized in that: the method throws in shrimp seedling first 3 days, in cultivating pool, throw in the Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus) fry 200 tails/mu of the long 3 ~ 5cm of body and the sub-fish fry of the indigo plant 300 tails/mu of the long 2 ~ 3cm of body; When throwing in prawn shrimp seedling, prawn shrimp seedling injected volume is 8 ~ 100,000 tails/mu; As prawn culturing 4 ~ 5cm long to body, throw in barramundi 5 ~ 6 tails/mu of the long 8 ~ 10cm of body and pearl dragon wholesale grouper 10 ~ 15 tails/mu of the long 8 ~ 10cm of body.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described prawn is the one in Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low, Marsupenaeus japonicus, Penaeus monodon.
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106135076A (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2016-11-23 | 珠海市斗门区河口渔业研究所 | A kind of ecologically clean method of the low-lying soil pool, Hekou District eutrophication bed mud |
| CN106538430A (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-03-29 | 上海市水产研究所 | A kind of continental rise booth cement pit polyculture method of Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus) and Macrobrachium rosenbergii |
| CN108739548A (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-11-06 | 广东海洋大学 | A kind of method that cultivating pool moss is removed in litopenaeus vannamei feeding process |
| CN109430122A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-03-08 | 宁波市海洋与渔业研究院 | A kind of ecological polyculturing method of Alosa sapidissima and light lip fish |
| CN109496927A (en) * | 2019-02-12 | 2019-03-22 | 山东东方海洋科技股份有限公司 | A kind of efficient comprehensive breeding method of pearl rough gentian grouper |
| CN112042568A (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2020-12-08 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Ecological polyculture method for fish and shrimp |
| CN112889723A (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2021-06-04 | 陈锚 | Organic shrimp pest control method |
| CN112931333A (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2021-06-11 | 渤海水产股份有限公司 | Method for preventing and treating harmful organisms of green food prawn |
| CN113854206A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2021-12-31 | 广东海洋大学 | High-position mulching film pond mixed culture method for scatophagus argus, pearl wharfs and litopenaeus vannamei |
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| CN106538430B (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2019-09-20 | 上海市水产研究所 | A kind of continental rise greenhouse cement pit polyculture method of Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus) and Macrobrachium rosenbergii |
| CN108739548A (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-11-06 | 广东海洋大学 | A kind of method that cultivating pool moss is removed in litopenaeus vannamei feeding process |
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