CN103190528B - Novel high-efficiency environment-friendly fish and shrimp polyculture feed - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a novel high-efficiency environment-friendly fish and shrimp polyculture feed, and aims to provide a fish and shrimp polyculture feed which is easy to prepare and is balanced in nutrition. According to the technical scheme, the novel high-efficiency environment-friendly fish and shrimp polyculture feed comprises the following components: 7-24 percent of bean pulp, 3-8 percent of peanut pulp, 9-15 percent of cotton seed mill, 5-20 percent of rapeseed meal, 1-3.5 percent of cuttlefish paste, 12-17 percent of dried white vinasse, 6-8 percent of rice bran, 15-25 percent of flour, 0.5-1.5 percent of lecithin powder, 2-3 percent of monocalcium phosphate, 1.5-3 percent of bentonite, 0.03 percent of a mildew preventive, 0.03-0.05 percent of allicin, 0.2-0.3 percent of composite vitamin, 0.1 percent of choline chloride, 0.08 percent of potassium chloride, 0.02-0.05 percent of vitamin C, 0.1-0.3 percent of crystal lysine, 1-2 percent of beer yeast, 0.05-0.1 percent of shell element and 1-2 percent of composite mineral. The novel high-efficiency environment-friendly fish and shrimp polyculture feed belongs to the technical field of fish feeds.

Description

New and effective environmental protection fishes and shrimps are raised together with feed

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of fishes and shrimps and raise together with feed, relate in particular to a kind of environmental protection shrimp and raise together with feed; Belong to fish meal technical field.

Background technology

Penaeus Vannmei formal name used at school Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low (Litopenaeus vannamei), claims again white shrimp, is under the jurisdiction of Decapoda, Penaeidae, Penaeus, originates in waters, pacific rim, America, is tropical shrimps.Penaeus Vannmei fast growth,, bait strong to adaptive capacity to environment require low, and dressing percentage is high, meat flavour is delicious, introduces China in 1988, starts the coastal cultivating large area in the whole nation after 2000.Totally create economic benefit to Penaeus Vannmei in 2011 in China and exceed 1,000 hundred million yuan.Although China's shrimp culture industry has been obtained huge progress, along with seawater pollution is on the rise, cultivates the continuous increase of scale, the continuous increase of cultivation density, the generation of its disease is also more and more serious.The prawn incidence of disease was high in recent years, and disease time shifts to an earlier date year by year, and disease time interval is shorter and shorter, and cultivation risk increases year by year, shrimp culture industry continued downturn.In the prevention and control of current disease of prawn, Chinese herb prevention is because medicinal herbs are in short supply, drug effect slow, high in cost of production problem has limited its application aborning; Although chemicals antibiotic etc. has the advantages such as curative effect is fast, action time is short, long-term use can cause drug resistance and the problem such as residual.Therefore raisers use the wisdom of oneself, and Penaeus Vannmei and other aquatic livestocks are raised together with as epipelagic fish, bottom shellfish, have improved cultivation success rate.

At present the main and phytophagous of Penaeus Vannmei or heterophagous fish are raised together with, as Penaeus Vannmei and grass carp is raised together with, Penaeus Vannmei and hito is raised together with, Penaeus Vannmei and Tilapia mossambica is raised together with, Penaeus Vannmei and filefish is raised together with, Penaeus Vannmei and grass carp and bighead and shellfish are raised together with isotype.But current fishes and shrimps still have some problems to need solution badly in raising together with, as Penaeus Vannmei and which kind of fish raise together with appropriate mix, while raising together with Penaeus Vannmei and fish breeding density, raise together with the selection of feed and the mode etc. of throwing something and feeding.Penaeus Vannmei is higher to nutritional requirement, the phytophagous of generally raising together with or ominivore-fish to nutrition require low, the mixed feed there be limited evidence currently of that applicable fishes and shrimps are raised together with, raiser is in order to reduce aquaculture cost, when raising together with, fishes and shrimps select low-grade fish material or duck material to throw something and feed, so both affect the output of raising together with fishes and shrimps in pond, increased again the dustiness of water environment and the possibility of disease outburst.

Therefore, a kind of nutrient efficient of very necessary exploitation, environmental protection, be suitable for the exclusive fishes and shrimps that the fish such as Penaeus Vannmei and grass carp, Tilapia mossambica, hito, filefish raise together with and raise together with feed, to promote the sustainable development of China's culture of Penaeus vannamei industry and aquaculture feed industry.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of prepare simple, nutrient balance, can meet Penaeus Vannmei and phytophagous or omnivorousness and raise together with fish growth needs, and can reduce Penaeus Vannmei outburst disease risks in breeding process, reduce residual bait and excreta to raising together with the pollution of pond water body, improve the fishes and shrimps of pond economic benefit and raise together with feed.

For solving the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme provided by the invention is such: these new and effective environmental protection fishes and shrimps are raised together with feed, comprise the component of following mass percent: dregs of beans 7.0%～24.0%, peanut meal 3.0%～8.0%, the cotton benevolence dregs of rice 9%～15.0%, the dish dregs of rice 5.0%～20.0%, cuttlefish cream 1.0%～3.5%, extra dry white wine vinasse 12.0%～17.0%, wash rice bran 6.0%～8.0%, flour 15.0%～25.0%, phospholipid powder 0.5%～1.5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.0%～3.0%, bentonite 1.5%～3.0%, mould inhibitor 0.03%, allicin 0.03%～0.05%, B B-complex 0.2%～0.3%, Choline Chloride 0.1%, potassium chloride 0.08%, vitamin C 0.02%～0.05%, crystal lysine 0.1%～0.3%, brewer's yeast 1.0%～2.0%, shelling element 0.05%～0.1%, composite mineral matter 1.0%～2.0%, each component sum is 100%.

The present invention also provides a kind of new and effective environmental protection fishes and shrimps to raise together with feed, component by following mass percent forms: feather meal 0.01%～1.0%, dregs of beans 7.0%～24.0%, peanut meal 3.0%～8.0%, the cotton benevolence dregs of rice 9%～15.0%, the dish dregs of rice 5.0%～20.0%, fish meal 0.01%～1.0%, cuttlefish cream 1.0%～3.5%, extra dry white wine vinasse 12.0%～17.0%, wash rice bran 6.0%～8.0%, Strong flour 15.0%～25.0%, corn protein powder 0～5.0%, phospholipid powder 0.5%～1.5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.0%～3.0%, salt 0.01%～0.03%, bentonite 1.5%～3.0%, mould inhibitor 0.03%, allicin 0.03%～0.05%, B B-complex 0.2%～0.3%, Choline Chloride 0.1%, potassium chloride 0.08%, vitamin C 0.02%～0.05%, crystal lysine 0.1%～0.3%, brewer's yeast 1.0%～2.0%, shelling element 0.05%～0.1%, composite mineral matter 1.0%～2.0%.

Further, above-mentioned new and effective environmental protection fishes and shrimps are raised together with feed, described mould inhibitor be mould must gram Midew preventive for feed; Described composite mineral matter is the omnivorefish microelement pre-mix material of Guangdong Tongwei Feed Co., Ltd.; Described B B-complex is the omnivorefish vitamin premix of Guangdong Tongwei Feed Co., Ltd..

Compared with existing formula technique, the present invention has the following advantages:

1. technical scheme provided by the invention is applicable to raising together with of multiple phytophagous at the middle and upper levels or ominivore-fish and Penaeus Vannmei, has that survival rate is high, fast growth, feed efficiency be good, and breeding water body water quality is difficult for the advantage of pollution.

2. feedstuff provided by the invention forms simply, easily obtains, and formulation cost is low, and cultivation income is high.

3. feed provided by the invention takes into full account and raises together with the nutrition physiology feature of fish and Penaeus Vannmei and the distribution of ecological niche, strong guarantee raise together with the feeding and nutrition demand of fish and prawn.

Specific embodiments

Below with reference to detailed description of the invention; claim of the present invention is described in further detail; but do not form any limitation of the invention, anyone within the scope of the claims in the present invention, make the amendment of limited number of time, still in claim protection domain of the present invention.

Embodiment 1

Get feather meal 10kg, dregs of beans 215kg, peanut meal 70kg, cotton dregs 130kg, dish dregs of rice 70kg, fish meal 10kg, cuttlefish cream 20kg, vinasse 120kg, wash rice bran 60kg, Strong flour 176kg, corn protein powder 40kg, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 25kg, bentonite 15kg, " mould must gram " Midew preventive for feed 0.3kg that Guilin Wankang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. produces, allicin 0.4kg, the F21V omnivorefish vitamin premix 2.5kg that Guangdong Tongwei Feed Co., Ltd. provides, Choline Chloride 1kg, salt 1kg, vitamin C 0.3kg, lysine 3kg, brewer's yeast 15kg, plain 0.5kg shells, the F29M omnivorefish microelement pre-mix material 15kg that Guangdong Tongwei Feed Co., Ltd. provides.

Preparation method is:

1) above-mentioned raw materials is pulverized after weighing mixes and pulverized through micronizer again, make each raw material 100% cross 150 μ m screen clothes.

2) then material is transferred to modem, passes into the steam modulation 5min of 90 DEG C, then at 92 DEG C, carry out extrusion granulation.

3) by step 2) particle prepared is in 80 DEG C of oven dry, then moves on in outer painting machine and then grease uniformly sprayed on feed, and cooling packing, makes feed of the present invention.

Example 2

Get feather meal 10kg, dregs of beans 152kg, peanut meal 60kg, cotton dregs 90kg, dish dregs of rice 130kg, fish meal 10kg, cuttlefish cream 10kg, vinasse 150kg, wash rice bran 80kg, Strong flour 174kg, corn protein powder 40kg, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 25kg, bentonite 30kg, " mould must gram " Midew preventive for feed 0.5kg that Guilin Wankang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. produces, allicin 0.5kg, the F21V omnivorefish vitamin premix 2.5kg that Guangdong Tongwei Feed Co., Ltd. provides, Choline Chloride 1kg, salt 1kg, brewer's yeast 10kg, plain 0.5kg shells, the F29M omnivorefish microelement pre-mix material 13kg that Guangdong Tongwei Feed Co., Ltd. provides.

1) above-mentioned raw materials, except grease, is pulverized through micronizer after mixing, and makes it all can cross 100 eye mesh screens.

2) then material is transferred to modem, passes into the steam modulation 5min of 88 DEG C, then at the temperature of 95 DEG C, carry out extrusion granulation.

3) by step 2) particle prepared dries under 83 DEG C of conditions, then moves on in outer painting machine grease is uniformly sprayed on feed, and cooling packing, makes feed of the present invention.

Example 3

Dregs of beans 70kg, peanut meal 35kg, cotton dregs 125kg, dish dregs of rice 245kg, cuttlefish cream 30kg, distillers ' grains 164kg, wash rice bran 60kg, Strong flour 203kg, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 20kg, bentonite 25kg, " mould must gram " Midew preventive for feed 0.3kg that Guilin Wankang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. produces, allicin 0.5kg, the F21V omnivorefish vitamin premix 2.5kg that Guangdong Tongwei Feed Co., Ltd. provides, Choline Chloride 1kg, vitamin C 0.4kg, lysine 2kg, plain 0.5kg shells, salt 0.8kg, the F29M omnivorefish microelement pre-mix material 15kg that Guangdong Tongwei Feed Co., Ltd. provides.

1) above-mentioned raw materials, except grease, is pulverized through micronizer after mixing, and makes it all can cross 100 eye mesh screens.

2) then material is transferred to modem, passes into the steam modulation 7min of 85 DEG C, then at the temperature of 90 DEG C, carry out extrusion granulation.

3) by step 2) particle prepared is in drying under 80 DEG C of conditions, then moves on in outer painting machine grease is uniformly sprayed on feed, and cooling packing, makes feed of the present invention.

In technique scheme, the present invention is taking the nutrition digestion physilogical characteristics of Penaeus Vannmei as main reference frame, take into account the nutrition physiology feature of raising together with fish, the raw material of selecting animal digestion utilization rate and being of high nutritive value, as fish meal, dregs of beans, the dish dregs of rice, cotton dregs etc. simultaneously.In the time of component design, take into full account fish and the different ecological position of Penaeus Vannmei in pond and the feature of ingesting of raising together with, make to raise together with fish and Penaeus Vannmei uncontested relation on feed, raise together with the fish feed of first ingesting, the ingesting for Penaeus Vannmei of residual bait and ight soil.

The present invention raises together with mainly for movable at the middle and upper levels phytophagous or ominivore-fish and the movable Penaeus Vannmei of bottom, in the design of feed formula, we have paid the utmost attention to amino acid balance, next is balanced fatty acid, appropriate supplement is filled with machine amino acid, to meet micro-nutritional need of raising together with kind, also improve the digestive utilization ratio of this feed simultaneously, reduce the discharge of nitrogen, phosphorus.In addition, added a certain amount of immunopotentiator in the present invention, immunity and the premunition that can significantly improve Penaeus Vannmei and raise together with fish, reduce the generation of disease, improves cultivation success rate.

Culture experiment:

Penaeus Vannmei and grass carp, bighead are raised together with

Choose two mouthfuls of adjacent areas and be the pond (smooth at the bottom of pond, enter draining convenient) of 12 mu, depth of water 2.5m, each pool is equipped with the paddle aerator of 3 3kW, is labeled as respectively A, B culture pond.After A, B pond desilting sterilization, water inlet training algae, water temperature stability, more than 18 DEG C, starts experiment.Penaeus Vannmei 60,000 tail/mus are thrown in respectively on A, B two pools, and specification is about 1cm/ tail; Large grass carp 40 tail/mus, specification is about 2 jin/tail; Little grass carp 400 tail/mus, specification is about 5 liang/tail; Bighead (bullhead) 10 tail/mus, specification is about 2 jin/tail.

Wherein the whole process fishes and shrimps of the present invention of throwing something and feeding in the A pool are raised together with feed, and feeding volume is 4% of grass carp body weight.The B pool is first with the duck material grass carp of throwing something and feeding, and feeding volume is 3% of grass carp body weight, the shrimp material that is then 40% with the thick protein prawn of throwing something and feeding, and feeding volume is determined according to the food situation of prawn, and when prawn reaches 100 tail/jin, the omnidistance shrimp material that uses is thrown something and fed, not at the duck material of throwing something and feeding.

The cultivation of the A pool has started fishing and has grabbed shrimp after 120 days, Penaeus Vannmei average yield per mu 365kg, and average specification is 40 tails/kg; 5 liang little grass carp average yield per mu 218kg that put in a suitable place to breed, specification is 1.5 jin/tail, 2 jin of large grass carps putting in a suitable place to breed, average yield per mu 116kg, maximum specification reaches 7.6 jin/tail; Bighead average yield per mu 28kg, maximum specification reaches 8 jin/tail.6500 yuan of every mu of net profits.

The cultivation of the B pool has started fishing and has grabbed shrimp after 140 days, Penaeus Vannmei per mu yield 386kg, and average specification is 40 tail/mus; Put the little grass carp average yield per mu 176kg of 5 liang in a suitable place to breed, average specification is 1.4 jin/tail, puts the large grass carp average yield per mu 82kg of 2 jin in a suitable place to breed, 7 jin/tail of maximum specification; Bighead average yield per mu 23kg, 7.6 jin/tail of maximum specification.5490 yuan of every mu of net profits.

Can be found out by above-mentioned pond culture experiment, when Penaeus Vannmei and grass carp, bighead are raised together with, omnidistance use fishes and shrimps of the present invention are raised together with material and have not only been shortened culturing time, and the benefit of every mu also exceedes the aquaculture model of throw something and feed duck material and shrimp material.This also confirms that new and effective environmental protection fishes and shrimps of the present invention raise together with that feed is applicable to Penaeus Vannmei and phytophagous or ominivore-fish is raised together with, and meet the nutritional need of raising together with fishes and shrimps, can promote the growth of prawn, fish, improve efficiency of feed utilization, strengthen premunition and the immunity of prawn.

Claims (5)

1. new and effective environmental protection fishes and shrimps are raised together with feed, it is characterized in that, comprise the component of following mass percent: dregs of beans 7.0%～24.0%, peanut meal 3.0%～8.0%, the cotton benevolence dregs of rice 9%～15.0%, the dish dregs of rice 5.0%～20.0%, cuttlefish cream 1.0%～3.5%, extra dry white wine vinasse 12.0%～17.0%, wash rice bran 6.0%～8.0%, flour 15.0%～25.0%, phospholipid powder 0.5%～1.5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.0%～3.0%, bentonite 1.5%～3.0%, mould inhibitor 0.03%, allicin 0.03%～0.05%, B B-complex 0.2%～0.3%, Choline Chloride 0.1%, potassium chloride 0.08%, vitamin C 0.02%～0.05%, crystal lysine 0.1%～0.3%, brewer's yeast 1.0%～2.0%, shelling element 0.05%～0.1%, composite mineral matter 1.0%～2.0%, each component sum is 100%.

2. new and effective environmental protection fishes and shrimps are raised together with feed, it is characterized in that, component by following mass percent forms: feather meal 0.01%～1.0%, dregs of beans 7.0%～24.0%, peanut meal 3.0%～8.0%, the cotton benevolence dregs of rice 9%～15.0%, the dish dregs of rice 5.0%～20.0%, fish meal 0.01%～1.0%, cuttlefish cream 1.0%～3.5%, extra dry white wine vinasse 12.0%～17.0%, wash rice bran 6.0%～8.0%, Strong flour 15.0%～25.0%, corn protein powder 0～5.0%, phospholipid powder 0.5%～1.5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.0%～3.0%, salt 0.01%～0.03%, bentonite 1.5%～3.0%, mould inhibitor 0.03%, allicin 0.03%～0.05%, B B-complex 0.2%～0.3%, Choline Chloride 0.1%, potassium chloride 0.08%, vitamin C 0.02%～0.05%, crystal lysine 0.1%～0.3%, brewer's yeast 1.0%～2.0%, shelling element 0.05%～0.1%, composite mineral matter 1.0%～2.0%.

3. new and effective environmental protection fishes and shrimps according to claim 2 are raised together with feed, it is characterized in that, described mould inhibitor be mould must gram Midew preventive for feed.

4. new and effective environmental protection fishes and shrimps according to claim 2 are raised together with feed, it is characterized in that the omnivorefish microelement pre-mix material that described composite mineral matter is Guangdong Tongwei Feed Co., Ltd..

5. new and effective environmental protection fishes and shrimps according to claim 2 are raised together with feed, it is characterized in that the omnivorefish vitamin premix that described B B-complex is Guangdong Tongwei Feed Co., Ltd..