CN111184131A - Floating feed suitable for bighead carp and prawn polyculture and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Floating feed suitable for bighead carp and prawn polyculture and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111184131A
CN111184131A CN202010169930.5A CN202010169930A CN111184131A CN 111184131 A CN111184131 A CN 111184131A CN 202010169930 A CN202010169930 A CN 202010169930A CN 111184131 A CN111184131 A CN 111184131A
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parts
feed
meal
bighead
prawn
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刘君
连永权
王宝震
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Heilongjiang Hongwang Feed Co ltd
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Heilongjiang Hongwang Feed Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
    • A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/174—Vitamins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/30—Oligoelements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of aquatic feeds, and particularly relates to a floating feed suitable for polyculture of bighead carps and prawns, and a preparation method and application thereof.

Description

Floating feed suitable for bighead carp and prawn polyculture and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquatic feeds, and particularly relates to a floating feed suitable for bighead carp and prawn polyculture, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The aquaculture of the aquatic prawns at the present stage is mainly in a intercropping mode, the prawns have high requirements on water quality and weak resistance to diseases, and a lot of main-breeding fishes can actively eat the prawns, for example, crucian, carp, Luofu and other fishes take the prawns as baits, so that a few main-breeding fishes can be used for the matched culture of the prawns. With the rising price of bighead carps in recent years, the number of bighead carps to be cultured is increased. Mixed culture of bighead carp and prawns is being tried by more and more people. However, because the nutrient substances needed by the bighead carp and the prawn are different, the components of the bighead carp feed and the prawn feed in the traditional bighead carp and prawn mixed culture feed are difficult to unify, so that the growth of the prawn and the bighead carp is slow.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the floating feed suitable for the mixed culture of the bighead carps and the prawns, the floating feed provided by the invention can accelerate the growth of the prawns and the bighead carps, achieve the effect of simultaneously increasing the weight of the prawns and the bighead carps, reduce the waste of the feed, protect the water quality from being polluted, reduce the occurrence of diseases of the prawns and the bighead carps, reduce the cost and improve the economic benefit of the culture.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions;
the invention provides a floating feed suitable for polyculture of bighead carp and prawns, which comprises bighead carp feed and prawns feed, wherein the bighead carp feed comprises fish meal, beer yeast powder, silkworm chrysalis meal, chlorella powder, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, flour, fish oil, vitamins, trace elements, casein, α -starch and pectin, and the prawns feed comprises fish meal, squid liver paste, shrimp bran, soybean meal, flour, rapeseed meal, silkworm chrysalis meal, fish oil, pectin, vitamins and trace elements.
Preferably, the bighead carp feed is powdery, and the particle size is 5-200 mu m; the prawn feed is granular and has the particle size of 0.1-0.15 cm.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the bighead carp feed to the prawn feed is 85-95: 5-15;
the bighead carp feed comprises the following components, by mass, 6-10 parts of fish meal, 5-10 parts of beer yeast powder, 3-8 parts of silkworm chrysalis meal, 3-8 parts of chlorella powder, 10-20 parts of soybean meal, 15-25 parts of rapeseed meal, 20-30 parts of flour, 2-5 parts of fish oil, 0.2-0.5 part of vitamin, 0.2-0.5 part of trace element, 1-3 parts of casein, 2-5 parts of α -starch and 1-3 parts of pectin;
the prawn feed comprises the following components in parts by mass: 5-15 parts of fish meal, 5-15 parts of squid liver paste, 5-10 parts of shrimp chaff, 15-25 parts of soybean meal, 20-30 parts of flour, 12-20 parts of rapeseed meal, 5-10 parts of silkworm chrysalis meal, 1-5 parts of fish oil, 1-5 parts of pectin, 0.2-0.5 part of vitamin and 0.2-0.5 part of trace element.
The invention provides a preparation method of a floating feed in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps: the floating feed suitable for the mixed culture of the bighead carp and the prawns is obtained by mixing the bighead carp feed and the prawns feed.
Preferably, the mixing time is 2-5 min.
Preferably, the preparation method of the bighead carp feed comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing fish meal, beer yeast powder, silkworm chrysalis powder, chlorella powder, bean pulp, rapeseed meal and flour, and sequentially performing puffing, crushing and sieving treatment to obtain a mixture;
(2) mixing the mixture, fish oil, vitamins, microelements, casein, α -starch and pectin to obtain bighead carp feed;
the temperature of the puffing and the crushing in the step (1) is independently 110-200 ℃, and the pressure is independently 25-100 kg/cm2。
Preferably, the preparation method of the prawn feed comprises the following steps:
(a) mixing fish meal, squid liver paste, silkworm chrysalis meal, shrimp chaff, bean pulp, rapeseed meal and flour, and sequentially carrying out superfine grinding and sieving treatment to obtain mixed powder;
(b) mixing the mixed powder, fish oil, pectin, vitamins and trace elements, and sequentially granulating and sieving to obtain prawn feed;
the particle size of the mixed powder in the step (a) is that 90 wt.% of substances in the mixed powder can pass through a 80-mesh sieve.
The invention also provides the application of the floating feed in the technical scheme or the floating feed prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme in bighead carp and prawn mixed culture.
Preferably, the amount of the floating feed is 1.5-4.0% of the total weight of the bighead carp and the prawn.
Preferably, the use amount of the floating feed is adjusted according to the air temperature, and specifically comprises the following steps:
when the number of the bighead carps is 100-1500 tails/mu, the number of the prawns is 5000-30000 tails/mu, and the climate condition is 18-30 ℃, the using amount of the floating feed is 2.5-4.0% of the body weight;
when the number of the bighead carps is 100-1500 tails/mu, the number of the prawns is 5000-30000 tails/mu, and the climate condition is that the temperature is higher than 30 ℃, the using amount of the floating feed is 1.5-3.0% of the body weight;
when the number of the bighead carps is 100-1500 tails/mu, the number of the prawns is 5000-30000 tails/mu, and the climate condition is that the temperature is lower than 18 ℃, the using amount of the floating feed is 1.0-2.5% of the body weight.
The invention provides a floating feed suitable for mixed culture of bighead carp and prawns, which comprises bighead carp feed and prawn feed, wherein the bighead carp feed comprises fish meal, beer yeast powder, silkworm chrysalis meal, chlorella powder, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, flour, fish oil, vitamins, trace elements, casein, α -starch and pectin, the prawn feed comprises the following components in parts by mass, namely fish meal, squid liver extract, shrimp bran, soybean meal, flour, rapeseed meal, silkworm chrysalis meal, fish oil, pectin, vitamins and trace elements, the feed can float on the water surface, the feed can meet the requirement of powder filtration of the prawn, the nutritional requirement of the prawn can be met, the fish meal, beer yeast powder, silkworm chrysalis meal, chlorella powder, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, flour, fish oil, casein, α -starch and pectin are protein and energy raw material components, the protein and energy raw material components ensure the basic nutrition of the bighead carp and the energy components of the fish meal, the vitamins and the trace elements can further promote absorption of the nutrients, the bighead carp feed, the protein and the trace elements of the fish meal, the bait.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a floating feed suitable for polyculture of bighead carp and prawns, which comprises bighead carp feed and prawns feed, wherein the bighead carp feed comprises fish meal, beer yeast powder, silkworm chrysalis meal, chlorella powder, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, flour, fish oil, vitamins, trace elements, casein, α -starch and pectin, and the prawns feed comprises fish meal, squid liver paste, shrimp bran, soybean meal, flour, rapeseed meal, silkworm chrysalis meal, fish oil, pectin, vitamins and trace elements.
In the invention, the mass ratio of the bighead carp feed to the prawn feed is preferably 85-95: 5-15; further preferably 87 to 93: 7 to 13.
The bighead carp feed preferably comprises the following components, by mass, 6-10 parts of fish meal, 5-10 parts of beer yeast powder, 3-8 parts of silkworm chrysalis meal, 3-8 parts of chlorella powder, 10-20 parts of soybean meal, 15-25 parts of rapeseed meal, 20-30 parts of flour, 2-5 parts of fish oil, 0.2-0.5 part of vitamin, 0.2-0.5 part of trace element, 1-3 parts of casein, 2-5 parts of α -starch and 1-3 parts of pectin, further preferably 7-9 parts of fish meal, 6-9 parts of beer yeast powder, 4-7 parts of silkworm chrysalis meal, 4-7 parts of chlorella powder, 11-19 parts of soybean meal, 16-24 parts of rapeseed meal, 21-29 parts of flour, 2.5-4.5 parts of fish oil, 0.3-0.4 part of vitamin, 0.3-0.4 part of trace element, 1.5-2.5 parts of casein, α -2.5 parts of fish oil, 2.5-4 parts of vitamin, 0.3-0.4 part of flour, 0.4 part of the powder, 0.3-0.4 part of the trace element, 0.4 part of the vitamin, 0.5 part of the powder, 1.5-5 part of the powder, the powder of pectin, the powder.
In the invention, the prawn feed preferably comprises the following components in parts by mass: 5-15 parts of fish meal, 5-15 parts of squid liver paste, 5-10 parts of shrimp chaff, 15-25 parts of soybean meal, 20-30 parts of flour, 12-20 parts of rapeseed meal, 5-10 parts of silkworm chrysalis meal, 1-5 parts of fish oil, 1-5 parts of pectin, 0.2-0.5 part of vitamin and 0.2-0.5 part of trace element; further preferably comprises 6-14 parts of fish meal, 6-14 parts of squid liver paste, 6-9 parts of shrimp chaff, 16-24 parts of soybean meal, 21-29 parts of flour, 13-19 parts of rapeseed meal, 6-9 parts of silkworm chrysalis meal, 2-4 parts of fish oil, 2-4 parts of pectin, 0.3-0.4 part of vitamin and 0.3-0.4 part of trace element. The trace elements preferably include copper, iron, zinc, manganese, iodine, selenium and cobalt. The prawn feed is preferably granular, and the particle size is preferably 0.1-0.15 cm. The prawn feed can provide comprehensive nutrition for prawns and meet the nutritional requirements of the growth of the prawns. The prawn feed is granular and can be suspended in water and slowly sink to be timely ingested by the prawns in the water when being fed into the water.
The sources of the components of the invention are not particularly limited, and conventional raw materials in the art can be used.
The floating feed is put into water, can float on the water surface in a lump shape because the bighead carp feed is powdery, and the prawn feed and the bighead carp feed are fully mixed and are adhered with the bighead carp feed, so that the mixture formed by the prawn feed and the bighead carp feed can still float on the water surface in a lump shape without dissolving or dispersing. When the bighead carps actively take food as required, the bighead carp feed on the surface of the dough disperses into water layer by layer under the action of mechanical force, the powder dispersed into the water is filtered by the bighead carps in time, and prawn feed particles wrapped by the bighead carp feed can suspend in the water and slowly sink to be taken by the prawns in the water in time. The new hydrophobic protective layer is formed after the feed powder in the inner layer of the feed dough contacts water, so that the feed dough is ensured to continuously float on the water in a dough shape in cycles until the feed dough is eaten by the bighead carp and the prawns, the feed waste is reduced, the water quality is protected from being polluted, the occurrence of diseases is reduced, and the economic benefit of cultivation is improved.
The invention provides a preparation method of a floating feed in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps: the floating feed suitable for the mixed culture of the bighead carp and the prawns is obtained by mixing the bighead carp feed and the prawns feed. The mixing time is preferably 2-5 min. The mixing is preferably carried out in a mixing machine, so that the mixing uniformity variation coefficient is less than 7%, and the bighead carp feed and the prawn feed can be mixed more fully within proper mixing time, so that each prawn feed is wrapped by the bighead carp feed, and the feeding of floating feeds is facilitated.
In the present invention, the preparation method of the bighead carp feed preferably comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing fish meal, beer yeast powder, silkworm chrysalis powder, chlorella powder, bean pulp, rapeseed meal and flour, and sequentially performing puffing, crushing and sieving treatment to obtain a mixture;
(2) mixing the mixture, fish oil, vitamins, microelements, casein, α -starch and pectin to obtain the feed for bighead carp.
Preferably, the fish meal, the beer yeast powder, the silkworm chrysalis powder, the chlorella powder, the soybean meal, the rapeseed meal and the flour are mixed, and the mixture is obtained through the processes of puffing, crushing and sieving in sequence. In the present invention, the temperature of puffing and pulverizing is preferably 110 to 200 ℃ independently, and the pressure is preferably 25 to 100kg/cm independently2. The expansion is preferably carried out in a screw expander. The invention has no special requirements on the methods of puffing, crushing and sieving treatment, and adopts the conventional puffing, crushing and sieving treatment method in the field. The fish meal, the beer yeast powder, the silkworm chrysalis powder, the chlorella powder, the bean pulp, the rapeseed meal and the flour are subjected to puffing treatment, so that the materials are more fluffy, the surface area is larger, and the materials are beneficial to floating on the water surface; the grinding and sieving treatment can ensure that the prepared bighead carp feed has smaller grain diameter and better caking property.
After obtaining the mixture, the present invention preferably mixes the mixture with fish oil, vitamins, trace elements, casein, α -starch and pectin, which are unsuitable and non-expandable, to obtain the bighead feed.
In the invention, the preparation method of the prawn feed preferably comprises the following steps:
(a) mixing fish meal, squid liver paste, silkworm chrysalis meal, shrimp chaff, bean pulp, rapeseed meal and flour, and sequentially carrying out superfine grinding and sieving treatment to obtain mixed powder;
(b) mixing the mixed powder, fish oil, pectin, vitamins and trace elements, and sequentially granulating and sieving to obtain prawn feed;
preferably, fish meal, squid liver paste, silkworm chrysalis meal, shrimp chaff, soybean meal, rapeseed meal and flour are mixed, and then sequentially subjected to superfine grinding and sieving treatment to obtain mixed powder. The particle size of the mixed powder is 90 wt.% of the substances in the mixed powder can pass through a 80-mesh sieve. The particle size of the prawn feed can be more uniform through superfine grinding and sieving treatment, and granulation is facilitated.
After the mixed powder is obtained, the invention preferably mixes the mixed powder, fish oil, pectin, vitamins and trace elements, and performs granulation and sieving treatment in sequence to obtain the prawn feed. The pelletizing and sieving treatment can make the prawn feed have uniform and moderate size, so that the floating feed can be suspended in water and is beneficial to feeding prawns.
The invention also provides the application of the floating feed in the technical scheme or the floating feed prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme in bighead carp and prawn mixed culture.
In the invention, the using amount of the floating feed is preferably 1.5-4.0% of the total weight of the bighead carp and the prawn.
The invention preferably adjusts the using amount of the floating feed according to the air temperature, and specifically comprises the following steps:
when the number of the bighead carps is 100-1500 tails/mu, the number of the prawns is 5000-30000 tails/mu, and the climate condition is 18-30 ℃, the using amount of the floating feed is 2.5-4.0% of the body weight;
when the number of the bighead carps is 100-1500 tails/mu, the number of the prawns is 5000-30000 tails/mu, and the climate condition is that the temperature is higher than 30 ℃, the using amount of the floating feed is 1.5-3.0% of the body weight;
when the number of the bighead carps is 100-1500 tails/mu, the number of the prawns is 5000-30000 tails/mu, and the climate condition is that the temperature is lower than 18 ℃, the using amount of the floating feed is 1.0-2.5% of the body weight.
The following examples are provided to illustrate the floating feed suitable for the mixed culture of bighead carp and prawn, the preparation method and the application thereof, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The feed comprises, by mass, 8 parts of fish meal, 5 parts of beer yeast powder, 5 parts of silkworm chrysalis powder, 5 parts of chlorella powder, 19 parts of soybean meal, 20 parts of rapeseed meal, 25 parts of flour, 3.2 parts of fish oil, 0.4 part of vitamin, 0.4 part of microelement, 2 parts of casein, 4 parts of α -starch and 2 parts of pectin, and the bighead carp feed is prepared;
the composition comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10 parts of fish meal, 12 parts of squid paste, 8 parts of shrimp bran, 16 parts of soybean meal, 25 parts of flour, 15 parts of rapeseed meal, 6 parts of silkworm chrysalis meal, 4.2 parts of fish oil, 3 parts of pectin, 0.4 part of vitamin and 0.4 part of trace element.
(1) The preparation method of the bighead carp feed comprises the following steps:
mixing fish meal, beer yeast powder, silkworm chrysalis powder, chlorella powder, bean pulp, rapeseed meal and flour, and sequentially performing puffing, crushing and sieving treatment to obtain a mixture; (the temperature of puffing is 130 ℃ and the pressure is 30kg/cm2) Mixing the mixture, fish oil, vitamins, microelements, casein, α -starch and pectin to obtain the feed for bighead carp.
(2) The preparation method of the prawn feed comprises the following steps:
mixing fish meal, squid liver paste, silkworm chrysalis meal, shrimp chaff, bean pulp, rapeseed meal and flour, and sequentially carrying out superfine grinding and sieving treatment to obtain mixed powder; the particle size of the mixed powder is 90 wt.% of substances in the mixed powder can pass through a 80-mesh sieve; mixing the mixed powder, fish oil, pectin, vitamins and trace elements, and sequentially granulating and sieving with a 20-mesh sieve at 90 ℃ to obtain the prawn feed.
(3) Taking 85g of bighead carp feed and 15g of prawn feed, and mixing for 2 minutes to obtain floating feed; the mass ratio of the bighead carp feed to the prawn feed in the floating feed is 85: 15.
example 2
The feed comprises, by mass, 8 parts of fish meal, 5 parts of beer yeast powder, 5 parts of silkworm chrysalis powder, 5 parts of chlorella powder, 19 parts of soybean meal, 20 parts of rapeseed meal, 25 parts of flour, 3.2 parts of fish oil, 0.4 part of vitamin, 0.4 part of microelement, 2 parts of casein, 4 parts of α -starch and 2 parts of pectin, and the bighead carp feed is prepared;
the composition comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10 parts of fish meal, 12 parts of squid paste, 8 parts of shrimp bran, 16 parts of soybean meal, 25 parts of flour, 15 parts of rapeseed meal, 6 parts of silkworm chrysalis meal, 4.2 parts of fish oil, 3 parts of pectin, 0.4 part of vitamin and 0.4 part of trace element.
(1) The preparation method of the bighead carp feed comprises the following steps:
mixing fish meal, beer yeast powder, silkworm chrysalis powder, chlorella powder, bean pulp, rapeseed meal and flour, sequentially puffing, crushing and sieving to obtain the final productMixing; (the temperature of puffing is 130 ℃ and the pressure is 30kg/cm2) Mixing the mixture, fish oil, vitamins, microelements, casein, α -starch and pectin to obtain the feed for bighead carp.
(2) The preparation method of the prawn feed comprises the following steps:
mixing fish meal, squid liver paste, silkworm chrysalis meal, shrimp chaff, bean pulp, rapeseed meal and flour, and sequentially carrying out superfine grinding and sieving treatment to obtain mixed powder; the particle size of the mixed powder is 90 wt.% of substances in the mixed powder can pass through a 80-mesh sieve; mixing the mixed powder, fish oil, pectin, vitamins and trace elements, and sequentially granulating and sieving with a 20-mesh sieve at 90 ℃ to obtain the prawn feed.
(3) Taking 90g of bighead carp feed and 10g of prawn feed, and mixing for 2 minutes to obtain floating feed; the mass ratio of the bighead carp feed to the prawn feed in the floating feed is 90: 10.
example 3
The feed comprises, by mass, 9 parts of fish meal, 8 parts of beer yeast powder, 5 parts of silkworm chrysalis powder, 5 parts of chlorella powder, 14 parts of soybean meal, 20 parts of rapeseed meal, 27 parts of flour, 3.4 parts of fish oil, 0.3 part of vitamin, 0.3 part of microelement, 2 parts of casein, 4 parts of α -starch and 2 parts of pectin, and bighead carp feed is prepared;
the composition comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10 parts of fish meal, 8 parts of squid paste, 8 parts of shrimp bran, 18 parts of soybean meal, 27 parts of flour, 15 parts of rapeseed meal, 8 parts of silkworm chrysalis meal, 3.4 parts of fish oil, 2 parts of pectin, 0.3 part of vitamin and 0.3 part of trace element.
(1) The preparation method of the bighead carp feed comprises the following steps:
mixing fish meal, beer yeast powder, silkworm chrysalis powder, chlorella powder, bean pulp, rapeseed meal and flour, and sequentially performing puffing, crushing and sieving treatment to obtain a mixture; (the temperature of puffing is 130 ℃ and the pressure is 30kg/cm2) Mixing the mixture, fish oil, vitamins, microelements, casein, α -starch and pectin to obtain the feed for bighead carp.
(2) The preparation method of the prawn feed comprises the following steps:
mixing fish meal, squid liver paste, silkworm chrysalis meal, shrimp chaff, bean pulp, rapeseed meal and flour, and sequentially carrying out superfine grinding and sieving treatment to obtain mixed powder; the particle size of the mixed powder is 90 wt.% of substances in the mixed powder can pass through a 80-mesh sieve; mixing the mixed powder, fish oil, pectin, vitamins and trace elements, and sequentially granulating and sieving with a 20-mesh sieve at 88 deg.C to obtain prawn feed.
(3) Taking 85g of bighead carp feed and 15g of prawn feed, and mixing for 3 minutes to obtain floating feed; the mass ratio of the bighead carp feed to the prawn feed in the floating feed is 85: 15.
example 4
The feed comprises, by mass, 9 parts of fish meal, 8 parts of beer yeast powder, 5 parts of silkworm chrysalis powder, 5 parts of chlorella powder, 14 parts of soybean meal, 20 parts of rapeseed meal, 27 parts of flour, 3.4 parts of fish oil, 0.3 part of vitamin, 0.3 part of microelement, 2 parts of casein, 4 parts of α -starch and 2 parts of pectin, and bighead carp feed is prepared;
the composition comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10 parts of fish meal, 8 parts of squid paste, 8 parts of shrimp bran, 18 parts of soybean meal, 27 parts of flour, 15 parts of rapeseed meal, 8 parts of silkworm chrysalis meal, 3.4 parts of fish oil, 2 parts of pectin, 0.3 part of vitamin and 0.3 part of trace element.
(1) The preparation method of the bighead carp feed comprises the following steps:
mixing fish meal, beer yeast powder, silkworm chrysalis powder, chlorella powder, bean pulp, rapeseed meal and flour, and sequentially performing puffing, crushing and sieving treatment to obtain a mixture; (the temperature of puffing is 130 ℃ and the pressure is 30kg/cm2And) mixing the mixture, fish oil, vitamins, trace elements, casein, α -starch and pectin to obtain the bighead carp feed.
(2) The preparation method of the prawn feed comprises the following steps:
mixing fish meal, squid liver paste, silkworm chrysalis meal, shrimp chaff, bean pulp, rapeseed meal and flour, and sequentially carrying out superfine grinding and sieving treatment to obtain mixed powder; the particle size of the mixed powder is 90 wt.% of substances in the mixed powder can pass through a 80-mesh sieve; mixing the mixed powder, fish oil, pectin, vitamins and trace elements, and sequentially granulating and sieving with a 20-mesh sieve at 88 deg.C to obtain prawn feed.
(3) Taking 90g of bighead carp feed and 10g of prawn feed, and mixing for 3 minutes to obtain floating feed; the mass ratio of the bighead carp feed to the prawn feed in the floating feed is 90: 10.
example 5
The feed comprises, by mass, 9 parts of fish meal, 6 parts of beer yeast powder, 6 parts of silkworm chrysalis powder, 6 parts of chlorella powder, 14 parts of soybean meal, 20 parts of rapeseed meal, 27 parts of flour, 3.4 parts of fish oil, 0.3 part of vitamin, 0.3 part of microelement, 1.5 parts of casein, 4 parts of α -starch and 2.5 parts of pectin, and bighead carp feed is prepared;
the composition comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10 parts of fish meal, 10 parts of squid liver paste, 6 parts of shrimp chaff, 20 parts of soybean meal, 27 parts of flour, 13 parts of rapeseed meal, 8 parts of silkworm chrysalis meal, 3.4 parts of fish oil, 2 parts of pectin, 0.3 part of vitamin and 0.3 part of trace element.
(1) The preparation method of the bighead carp feed comprises the following steps:
mixing fish meal, beer yeast powder, silkworm chrysalis powder, chlorella powder, bean pulp, rapeseed meal and flour, and sequentially performing puffing, crushing and sieving treatment to obtain a mixture; (the temperature of puffing is 130 ℃ and the pressure is 30kg/cm2) Mixing the mixture, fish oil, vitamins, microelements, casein, α -starch and pectin to obtain the feed for bighead carp.
(2) The preparation method of the prawn feed comprises the following steps:
mixing fish meal, squid liver paste, silkworm chrysalis meal, shrimp chaff, bean pulp, rapeseed meal and flour, and sequentially carrying out superfine grinding and sieving treatment to obtain mixed powder; the particle size of the mixed powder is 90 wt.% of substances in the mixed powder can pass through a 80-mesh sieve; mixing the mixed powder, fish oil, pectin, vitamins and trace elements, and sequentially granulating and sieving with a 20-mesh sieve at 90 ℃ to obtain the prawn feed.
(3) Taking 92g of bighead carp feed and 8g of prawn feed, and mixing for 3 minutes to obtain floating feed; the mass ratio of the bighead carp feed to the prawn feed in the floating feed is 92: 8.
application example 1
And (3) experimental design:
processing one: 150g of bighead carp 600 tails per mu, and 0.5cm of prawn 1 ten thousand tails per mu. 30 acres of pond were fed 100kg per day of the floating feed prepared in example 4;
and (5) processing: 150g of bighead carp 600 tails per mu, and 0.5cm of prawn 1 ten thousand tails. 100kg of bighead feed of example 4 was fed daily to 30 acres of pond.
And (3) treatment III: 150g of bighead carp 600 tails per mu, and 0.5cm of prawn 1 ten thousand tails. 100kg of shrimp feed of example 4 was fed daily to 30 acres of pond.
And (4) treatment: 150g of bighead carp 600 tails per mu, and 0.5cm of prawn 1 ten thousand tails. 90kg of bighead feed of example 4 and 10k of shrimp feed of example 4 were fed daily to 30 acres of pond.
The test method comprises the following steps: during the test, the water environment of the pond is ensured by using the medicines of sterilization, disinfection and bottom modification. And (3) periodically detecting the COD change of the aquaculture water, weighing 100 bighead carps after feeding for 30 days, measuring the body length of 100 prawns and calculating the cost.
(1) The test results are shown in table 1, and the weight of bighead carp can be increased: the first treatment is higher than the second treatment, the third treatment and the fourth treatment; the growth of the prawns: the first process is the same as the fourth process, the first process is higher than the second process and the third process, but the cost of the fourth process is higher than that of the first process. Experiments show that the floating feed prepared in the embodiment 4 can accelerate the growth of prawns and bighead carps, achieves the effect of weight increment, and is lower in cost.
TABLE 1 growth and cost comparison of bighead carp and prawn for different treatments
Figure BDA0002408829090000101
The COD of the aquaculture water in different feeding modes is shown in Table 2, and the COD of the aquaculture water at the beginning of the test is 2.12(d, mg/l O)2) And sampling every 7d after feeding, determining the COD value of the aquaculture water body, and increasing the COD value of the control group obviously higher than that of the test group along with the increase of feeding time.
TABLE 2 COD Change in different feeding modes of aquaculture water
Figure BDA0002408829090000111
Application example 2
And (3) experimental design:
processing one: 150g of bighead carp 600 tails per mu, and 0.5cm of prawn 1 ten thousand tails. A 30-acre pond was fed 100kg of the floating feed prepared in example 3 per day;
and (5) processing: 150g of bighead carp 600 tails per mu, and 0.5cm of prawn 1 ten thousand tails. 100kg of bighead feed of example 3 was fed daily to 30 acres of pond.
And (3) treatment III: 150g of bighead carp 600 tails per mu, and 0.5cm of prawn 1 ten thousand tails. 100kg of shrimp feed of example 3 was fed daily to 30 acres of pond.
And (4) treatment: 150g of bighead carp 600 tails per mu, and 0.5cm of prawn 1 ten thousand tails. 100kg of Bighead carp feed of example 3 and 10kg of prawn feed of example 3 were fed daily to 30 acres of pond.
The test method comprises the following steps: and (3) periodically detecting the COD change of the aquaculture water, weighing 100 bighead carps after feeding for 30 days, measuring the body length of 100 prawns and calculating the cost.
The test results are shown in table 3, and the weight of bighead carp can be increased: the first treatment is higher than the second treatment, the third treatment and the fourth treatment; the growth of the prawns: the first process is the same as the fourth process, the first process is higher than the second process and the third process, but the cost of the fourth process is higher than that of the first process. Experiments show that the floating feed prepared in the embodiment 3 can accelerate the growth of prawns and bighead carps, achieves the effect of weight increment, and is lower in cost.
TABLE 3 growth and cost comparison of Aristichthys nobilis and prawn for different treatments
Figure BDA0002408829090000112
Figure BDA0002408829090000121
The COD of the aquaculture water in different feeding modes is shown in Table 4, and the COD of the aquaculture water at the beginning of the test is 2.12(d, mg/l O)2) And sampling every 7d after feeding, determining the COD value of the aquaculture water body, and increasing the COD value of the control group obviously higher than that of the test group along with the increase of feeding time.
TABLE 4 COD Change in different feeding modes of aquaculture water
Figure BDA0002408829090000122
According to the embodiment, the floating feed provided by the invention can accelerate the growth of prawns and bighead carps and achieve the weight gain effect; the feed waste can be reduced, the water quality is protected from being polluted, the occurrence of diseases is reduced, the cost is reduced, and the economic benefit of the cultivation can be improved.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained without inventive step according to the embodiments, and the embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A floating feed suitable for bighead carp and prawn polyculture is characterized by comprising bighead carp feed and prawn feed;
the bighead carp feed comprises fish meal, beer yeast powder, silkworm chrysalis meal, chlorella powder, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, flour, fish oil, vitamins, trace elements, casein, α -starch and pectin;
the prawn feed comprises the following components: fish meal, squid liver paste, shrimp chaff, bean pulp, flour, rapeseed meal, silkworm chrysalis meal, fish oil, pectin, vitamins and trace elements.
2. The floating feed according to claim 1, wherein the bighead feed is in a powdery form and has a particle size of 5 to 200 μm;
the prawn feed is granular and has the particle size of 0.1-0.15 cm.
3. The floating feed according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the mass ratio of the bighead carp feed to the prawn feed is 85 to 95: 5-15;
the bighead carp feed comprises the following components, by mass, 6-10 parts of fish meal, 5-10 parts of beer yeast powder, 3-8 parts of silkworm chrysalis meal, 3-8 parts of chlorella powder, 10-20 parts of soybean meal, 15-25 parts of rapeseed meal, 20-30 parts of flour, 2-5 parts of fish oil, 0.2-0.5 part of vitamin, 0.2-0.5 part of trace element, 1-3 parts of casein, 2-5 parts of α -starch and 1-3 parts of pectin;
the prawn feed comprises the following components in parts by mass: 5-15 parts of fish meal, 5-15 parts of squid liver paste, 5-10 parts of shrimp chaff, 15-25 parts of soybean meal, 20-30 parts of flour, 12-20 parts of rapeseed meal, 5-10 parts of silkworm chrysalis meal, 1-5 parts of fish oil, 1-5 parts of pectin, 0.2-0.5 part of vitamin and 0.2-0.5 part of trace element.
4. A method of producing a floating feed according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of: the floating feed suitable for the mixed culture of the bighead carp and the prawns is obtained by mixing the bighead carp feed and the prawns feed.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the mixing time is 2 to 5 min.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the bighead feed is prepared by the steps of:
(1) mixing fish meal, beer yeast powder, silkworm chrysalis powder, chlorella powder, bean pulp, rapeseed meal and flour, and sequentially performing puffing, crushing and sieving treatment to obtain a mixture;
(2) mixing the mixture, fish oil, vitamins, microelements, casein, α -starch and pectin to obtain bighead carp feed;
the temperature of the puffing and the crushing in the step (1) is independently 110-200 ℃, and the pressure is independently 25-100 kg/cm2。
7. The preparation method of claim 4, wherein the preparation method of the prawn feed comprises the following steps:
(a) mixing fish meal, squid liver paste, silkworm chrysalis meal, shrimp chaff, bean pulp, rapeseed meal and flour, and sequentially carrying out superfine grinding and sieving treatment to obtain mixed powder;
(b) mixing the mixed powder, fish oil, pectin, vitamins and trace elements, and sequentially granulating and sieving to obtain prawn feed;
the particle size of the mixed powder in the step (a) is that 90 wt.% of substances in the mixed powder can pass through a 80-mesh sieve.
8. Use of the floating feed according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or the floating feed prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 4 to 7 in bighead carp and prawn polyculture.
9. The use according to claim 8, wherein the floating feed is used in an amount of 1.5-4.0% by weight based on the total weight of the bighead carp and the prawn.
10. The use according to claim 9, characterized in that, according to the air temperature, the use amount of the floating feed is adjusted, in particular:
when the number of the bighead carps is 100-1500 tails/mu, the number of the prawns is 5000-30000 tails/mu, and the climate condition is 18-30 ℃, the using amount of the floating feed is 2.5-4.0% of the total weight of the bighead carps and the prawns;
when the number of the bighead carps is 100-1500 tails/mu, the number of the prawns is 5000-30000 tails/mu, and the climate condition is that the temperature is higher than 30 ℃, the using amount of the floating feed is 1.5-3.0% of the total weight of the bighead carps and the prawns;
when the number of the bighead carps is 100-1500 tails/mu, the number of the prawns is 5000-30000 tails/mu, and the climate condition is that the temperature is lower than 18 ℃, the using amount of the floating feed is 1.0-2.5% of the total weight of the bighead carps and the prawns.
CN202010169930.5A 2020-03-12 2020-03-12 Floating feed suitable for bighead carp and prawn polyculture and preparation method and application thereof Pending CN111184131A (en)

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Application publication date: 20200522