CN112753896A - Low-fish-meal artificial compound feed for penaeus monodon, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Low-fish-meal artificial compound feed for penaeus monodon, preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-fish meal artificial compound feed for penaeus monodon, which comprises the following components: fish meal, shrimp meal, soybean meal, fermented soybean meal, corn protein powder, cottonseed protein, double low rapeseed meal, chicken meal, porcine hemoglobin powder, flour, soybean phospholipid oil, fish oil, squid liver paste, shrimp paste, multi-vitamin multi-mineral premix, propionic acid, salt, choline chloride, lysine sulfate, DL-methionine, threonine, taurine, betaine, ecdysone and monocalcium phosphate; the invention also discloses a preparation method and application of the feed. The invention prevents the health and growth of the penaeus monodon caused by excessive antigen substances in the feed by removing or passivating the anti-nutritional factors in the feed raw materials, simultaneously supplements raw materials such as lysine, methionine, threonine, taurine, squid liver paste, shrimp paste, betaine and the like, has the characteristics of balanced nutrition and good palatability, and has low production cost, low bait coefficient and small fish meal usage amount, and can promote the green sustainable development of the aquaculture industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aquatic animal feeds, and in particular relates to a low-fish-meal penaeus monodon artificial compound feed, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The penaeus monodon is commonly called as the ghost shrimp, the grass shrimp and the flower shrimp and is one of three main cultured prawns in the world. The chicken feed has the characteristics of wide salt, high temperature resistance, hypoxia resistance, strong disease resistance, large size, delicious meat quality, rich nutrition and the like, and is deeply favored by consumers. And the market price is good, and the culture profit is considerable, so the culture quantity is increased year by year. The large-scale cultivation begins to occur in the soil ponds and high ponds in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong, Fujian, Guangdong and other places.
The penaeus monodon belongs to the field of miscellaneous meal meat-prone crustaceans, the using amount of fish meal in the penaeus monodon compound feed in the market is generally high, but with the surge rise of the price of the fish meal, the reduction of the using amount of the fish meal becomes a trend. However, the penaeus monodon is meat-eating-prone, when the amount of fish meal is reduced by increasing the vegetable protein in the feed, the food intake of the penaeus monodon is reduced due to excessive anti-nutritional factors in the vegetable protein, so that the penaeus monodon grows slowly, and the breeding benefit is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide the artificial compound feed for the penaeus monodon with low fish meal, the preparation method and the application thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a low-fish-meal artificial compound feed for penaeus monodon comprises the following components: fish meal, shrimp meal, soybean meal, fermented soybean meal, corn protein powder, cottonseed protein, double low rapeseed meal, chicken meal, porcine hemoglobin powder, flour, soybean phospholipid oil, fish oil, squid liver paste, shrimp paste, multi-vitamin multi-mineral premix, propionic acid, salt, choline chloride, lysine sulfate, DL-methionine, threonine, taurine, betaine, ecdysone and monocalcium phosphate.
As a preferred technical scheme, the weight portions of the components are as follows: 4-12 parts of fish meal, 4-8 parts of shrimp meal, 5-15 parts of soybean meal, 8-15 parts of fermented soybean meal, 6-12 parts of corn protein powder, 5-12 parts of cottonseed protein, 4-8 parts of Lowe meal, 2-6 parts of chicken meal, 4-6 parts of porcine hemoglobin powder, 17-23 parts of flour, 0.8-2.5 parts of soybean phospholipid oil, 1-3 parts of fish oil, 1-3 parts of squid paste, 1-2 parts of shrimp paste, 1-3 parts of multivitamin multi-mineral premix, 0.1-0.2 part of propionic acid, 0.2-0.4 part of salt, 0.2-0.3 part of choline chloride, 0.5-0.9 part of lysine sulfate, 0.1-0.4 part of DL-methionine, 0.2-0.5 part of threonine, 0.2-0.5 part of taurine, 0.1-0.5 part of betaine, 0.1-0.5 part of ecdysone, 0.1-1.2 part of monocalcium phosphate.
As a preferred technical scheme, the weight portions of the components are as follows: 10 parts of fish meal, 5 parts of shrimp meal, 12 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of fermented soybean meal, 8 parts of corn protein powder, 7 parts of cottonseed protein, 5 parts of double-low rapeseed meal, 5 parts of chicken meal, 5 parts of pig blood globulin powder, 19.8 parts of flour, 1 part of soybean phospholipid oil, 2 parts of fish oil, 2 parts of squid cream, 1 part of shrimp cream, 2 parts of multi-vitamin and multi-mineral premix, 0.1 part of propionic acid, 0.2 part of salt, 0.2 part of choline chloride, 0.6 part of lysine sulfate, 0.2 part of DL-methionine, 0.3 part of threonine, 0.3 part of taurine, 0.2 part of betaine, 0.1 part of ecdysone and 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate.
As a preferred technical scheme, the weight portions of the components are as follows: 5 parts of fish meal, 6 parts of shrimp meal, 8 parts of soybean meal, 12 parts of fermented soybean meal, 10 parts of corn protein powder, 10 parts of cottonseed protein, 7 parts of double-low rapeseed meal, 3 parts of chicken meal, 6 parts of pig blood globulin powder, 17 parts of flour, 2 parts of soybean phospholipid oil, 2 parts of fish oil, 2 parts of squid paste, 2 parts of shrimp paste, 2 parts of multi-vitamin multi-mineral premix, 0.1 part of propionic acid, 0.3 part of salt, 0.3 part of choline chloride, 0.7 part of lysine sulfate, 0.3 part of DL-methionine, 0.4 part of threonine, 0.4 part of taurine, 0.4 part of betaine, 0.1 part of ecdysone and 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate.
As a preferable technical scheme, the multi-vitamin and multi-mineral premix comprises, by weight, 2 parts of vitamin A, 0.8 part of vitamin E, 30.7 parts of vitamin K, 11 parts of vitamin B, 120.5 parts of vitamin B, 32.5 parts of vitamin D, 0.5 part of D-biotin, 4 parts of folic acid, 2 parts of nicotinic acid, 4 parts of chromium potassium sulfate, 5 parts of copper carbonate, 1.5 parts of magnesium oxide, 1.5 parts of potassium citrate monohydrate, 4 parts of potassium sulfate and 4 parts of sodium chloride.
The preparation method of the artificial compound feed for the low-fish-meal penaeus monodon comprises the following steps of:
(1) weighing the raw materials of the components in parts by weight, and mixing the raw materials of the components except the soybean phospholipid oil and the fish oil to obtain a first mixture;
(2) primarily crushing the first mixture, performing superfine crushing on the primarily crushed first mixture to obtain superfine crushed matter, adding soybean phospholipid oil, fish oil and water into the superfine crushed matter, and mixing to obtain a second mixture;
(3) feeding the second mixture into a bin to be granulated, adding steam through a double-layer modifying granulator, and making the second mixture into feed particles with the particle sizes of 1.2mm and 1.6mm by the granulator;
(4) heating the feed particles in a stable curing device at the temperature of 100-105 ℃ for 45 minutes, then dehydrating and cooling the feed particles by cold air, and obtaining the artificial compound feed for the penaeus monodon with low fish meal when the temperature of the feed particles is reduced to room temperature.
In the step (4), the temperature is too high, so that coke materials are easily generated, and the temperature is too low to achieve the starch gelatinization effect; and the heating time is too long, the efficiency is low, the coke material is easy to generate, and the starch gelatinization effect cannot be achieved even if the heating time is too short, so that the temperature of the aging device is kept between 100 and 105 ℃, the heating is kept for 45min, the aging efficiency can be obviously improved, and the feed quality is ensured.
As a preferable technical scheme, the superfine grinding operation in the step (2) is completed by a superfine grinder.
The feed particles obtained by the preparation method are large, and the feed is suitable for feeding the penaeus monodon in the middle and later periods of cultivation.
In order to make the feed also be used for feeding the penaeus monodon in the shrimp seedling stage, preferably, the preparation method can also add the following steps:
(5) and (4) crushing the pellet feed with the particle size of 1.6mm in the low-fish-meal penaeus monodon artificial compound feed obtained in the step (4), then, flowing into a rotary vibration sieve for classification, and screening crushed materials with the particle size of 32 meshes and 22 meshes in accordance with a standard sieve to obtain the feed suitable for shrimp fry culture.
As a preferable technical scheme, the crushing operation in the step (5) is completed by a crusher.
The invention also provides application of the low-fish-meal penaeus monodon artificial compound feed in penaeus monodon breeding.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the fermented soybean meal, the double-low rapeseed meal, the cottonseed protein, the corn protein powder and other plant protein sources are used, and the plant protein sources have low anti-nutritional factor content, so that the health and the growth of the penaeus monodon can be prevented from being influenced by excessive antigen substances;
2. lysine, methionine, threonine and taurine are supplemented, and the problem of unbalanced amino acid of the feed caused by excessive vegetable protein replacing fish meal is solved;
3. the squid paste, the shrimp paste and the betaine in a certain proportion are used for increasing the palatability of the feed and improving the utilization rate of the feed.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. The reagents, equipment and methods adopted by the invention are all reagents, equipment and methods which are conventionally and commercially available in the technical field and are conventionally used in the technical field.
Example 1
The artificial compound feed for the low-fish-meal penaeus monodon comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of fish meal, 5 parts of shrimp meal, 12 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of fermented soybean meal, 8 parts of corn protein powder, 7 parts of cottonseed protein, 5 parts of double-low rapeseed meal, 5 parts of chicken meal, 5 parts of pig blood globulin powder, 19.8 parts of flour, 1 part of soybean phospholipid oil, 2 parts of fish oil, 2 parts of squid cream, 1 part of shrimp cream, 2 parts of multi-vitamin and multi-mineral premix, 0.1 part of propionic acid, 0.2 part of salt, 0.2 part of choline chloride, 0.6 part of lysine sulfate, 0.2 part of DL-methionine, 0.3 part of threonine, 0.3 part of taurine, 0.2 part of betaine, 0.1 part of ecdysone and 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials of the components in parts by weight, and mixing the raw materials of the components except the soybean phospholipid oil and the fish oil to obtain a first mixture;
(2) primarily crushing the first mixture, carrying out superfine crushing on the primarily crushed first mixture in a superfine crusher to obtain superfine crushed matter, adding soybean phospholipid oil, fish oil and a proper amount of water into the superfine crushed matter, and mixing to obtain a second mixture;
(3) feeding the second mixture into a bin to be granulated, adding steam through a double-layer modifying granulator, and making the second mixture into feed particles with the particle sizes of 1.2mm and 1.6mm by the granulator;
(4) heating the feed particles in a stable curing device at the temperature of 100-105 ℃ for 45 minutes, then dehydrating and cooling the feed particles by cold air, and obtaining the artificial compound feed for the penaeus monodon with low fish meal in the embodiment of the market when the temperature of the feed particles is reduced to room temperature.
The raw materials are added in parts by weight if not specifically stated above.
The feed obtained by the embodiment has the protein content of 43% and the fat content of 6.9%, and the lysine sulfate, the DL-methionine, the threonine, the taurine and the betaine are added, so that the nutrition balance and the palatability of the feed can be improved, and the growth requirement of the penaeus monodon can be fully met.
Comparative example 1
A commercial feed for common penaeus monodon comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of fish meal, 25 parts of bean pulp, 10 parts of chicken powder, 5 parts of corn protein powder, 23 parts of flour, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 2.7 parts of fish oil, 0.2 part of choline chloride, 2 parts of multi-vitamin multi-mineral premix and 0.1 part of propionic acid.
Test example 1
The artificial compound feed for the low-fish-meal penaeus monodon obtained in the example 1 and the common commercial feed in the comparative example 1 are respectively used for feeding the penaeus monodon with the initial weight of 1.53 +/-0.11 g for three months, and the penaeus monodon is equivalently fed for 3 times every day in the experimental period for 8:00, 17:00 and 22: 00. After the experiment, each group of penaeus monodon was taken, the total body weight of each group was weighed, and the final average body weight and the feed ratio (feed consumption/shrimp body weight gain (final body weight-initial body weight)) were calculated.
In addition, the artificial compound feed for the low-fish-meal penaeus monodon obtained in the example 1 is compared with the common commercial feed in the comparative example 1 in the feeding attraction performance, and the experiment is repeated for 4 times, and the specific operation is as follows: selecting 2 identical material platforms, placing 40g of the two different feeds respectively, placing the feeds into a pond for feeding the penaeus monodon, and performing the test outdoors, wherein the water temperature is 28-30 ℃, the pH value is 7.6-7.8, and the dissolved oxygen is more than 5 mg/L. And (3) taking out the feed in the feed table after 30min, drying, weighing, and calculating to obtain the food calling index, wherein the experimental result is shown in table 1. The food calling index calculation formula is as follows: 1-weight of residual feed/weight of feed put.
TABLE 1
| Grouping | Comparative example 1 feed | Example 1 feed |
| Number of samples | 100 | 100 |
| Average weight at end (g) | 19.71±1.02 | 23.05±1.31 |
| Material ratio | 1.78±0.09 | 1.51±0.04 |
| Index of food calling | 0.64±0.03 | 0.71±0.04 |
The experimental results from table 1 show that: the artificial compound feed for the penaeus monodon with the low fish meal provided by the embodiment 1 has the advantages that after the plant protein raw material with the low anti-nutritional factors is adopted to replace part of the fish meal, the growth of the penaeus monodon is not influenced, and meanwhile, the lysine sulfate, DL-methionine, threonine, taurine, squid liver paste, shrimp paste and betaine contained in the artificial compound feed can improve the nutrition balance and palatability of the feed, reduce the feed ratio, promote the growth of the penaeus monodon, and increase the end weight of the penaeus monodon.
Example 2
The artificial compound feed for the penaeus monodon with low fish meal comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of fish meal, 6 parts of shrimp meal, 8 parts of soybean meal, 12 parts of fermented soybean meal, 10 parts of corn protein powder, 10 parts of cottonseed protein, 7 parts of double-low rapeseed meal, 3 parts of chicken meal, 6 parts of pig blood globulin powder, 17 parts of flour, 2 parts of soybean phospholipid oil, 2 parts of fish oil, 2 parts of squid paste, 2 parts of shrimp paste, 2 parts of multi-vitamin multi-mineral premix, 0.1 part of propionic acid, 0.3 part of salt, 0.3 part of choline chloride, 0.7 part of lysine sulfate, 0.3 part of DL-methionine, 0.4 part of threonine, 0.4 part of taurine, 0.4 part of betaine, 0.1 part of ecdysone and 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate.
The preparation method is the same as example 1 and is not repeated herein.
The feed obtained by the embodiment has the protein content of 43% and the fat content of 6.5%, and meanwhile, the lysine sulfate, the DL-methionine, the threonine, the taurine and the betaine are added, so that the nutrition balance and the palatability of the feed can be improved, and the growth requirement of the penaeus monodon can be fully met.
Comparative example 2
A commercial feed for common penaeus monodon comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of fish meal, 25 parts of bean pulp, 10 parts of chicken powder, 5 parts of cottonseed meal, 5 parts of rapeseed meal, 23 parts of flour, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 2.7 parts of fish oil, 0.2 part of choline chloride, 2 parts of multi-vitamin multi-mineral premix and 0.1 part of propionic acid.
Test example 2
The artificial compound feed for the low-fish-meal penaeus monodon obtained in the example 2 and the common commercial feed of the comparative example are respectively used for feeding the penaeus monodon with the initial weight of (2.45 +/-0.14) g for three months, and the equal feeding is carried out for 3 times every day in the experimental period for 8:00, 17:00 and 22: 00. After the experiment, each group of penaeus monodon was taken, the total body weight of each group was weighed, and the weight gain rate (100 × (final weight-initial weight)/initial weight) and the feed ratio (feed consumption/shrimp body weight gain (final weight-initial weight)) were calculated.
In addition, the artificial compound feed for the low-fish-meal penaeus monodon obtained in the example 2 is compared with the common commercial feed in the comparative example 2 in the feeding attraction performance, and the experimental method is the same as that in the experimental example 1. The results of the experiment are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
| Grouping | Common commercial penaeus monodon feed | The feed of this example |
| Number of samples | 90 | 90 |
| Rate of weight gain | 753.18±20.54 | 856.42±36.89 |
| Material ratio | 1.86±0.11 | 1.62±0.09 |
| Index of food calling | 0.59±0.02 | 0.67±0.05 |
The results from table 2 show that: the artificial compound feed for the penaeus monodon with the low fish meal provided by the embodiment 2 has the advantages that after the plant protein raw material with the low anti-nutritional factors is adopted to replace part of the fish meal, the growth of the penaeus monodon is not influenced, and meanwhile, the lysine sulfate, DL-methionine, threonine, taurine, squid liver paste, shrimp paste and betaine contained in the artificial compound feed can improve the nutrition balance and palatability of the feed, reduce the feed ratio, promote the growth of the penaeus monodon and improve the weight gain rate of the penaeus monodon.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and their concepts should be considered to be equivalent or modified within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The artificial compound feed for the low-fish-meal penaeus monodon is characterized by comprising the following components: fish meal, shrimp meal, soybean meal, fermented soybean meal, corn protein powder, cottonseed protein, double low rapeseed meal, chicken meal, porcine hemoglobin powder, flour, soybean phospholipid oil, fish oil, squid liver paste, shrimp paste, multi-vitamin multi-mineral premix, propionic acid, salt, choline chloride, lysine sulfate, DL-methionine, threonine, taurine, betaine, ecdysone and monocalcium phosphate.
2. The artificial compound feed with low fish meal for penaeus monodon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weight parts of the components are as follows: 4-12 parts of fish meal, 4-8 parts of shrimp meal, 5-15 parts of soybean meal, 8-15 parts of fermented soybean meal, 6-12 parts of corn protein powder, 5-12 parts of cottonseed protein, 4-8 parts of Lowe meal, 2-6 parts of chicken meal, 4-6 parts of porcine hemoglobin powder, 17-23 parts of flour, 0.8-2.5 parts of soybean phospholipid oil, 1-3 parts of fish oil, 1-3 parts of squid paste, 1-2 parts of shrimp paste, 1-3 parts of multivitamin multi-mineral premix, 0.1-0.2 part of propionic acid, 0.2-0.4 part of salt, 0.2-0.3 part of choline chloride, 0.5-0.9 part of lysine sulfate, 0.1-0.4 part of DL-methionine, 0.2-0.5 part of threonine, 0.2-0.5 part of taurine, 0.1-0.5 part of betaine, 0.1-0.5 part of ecdysone, 0.1-1.2 part of monocalcium phosphate.
3. The artificial compound feed with low fish meal for penaeus monodon as claimed in claim 2, wherein the weight parts of the components are as follows: 10 parts of fish meal, 5 parts of shrimp meal, 12 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of fermented soybean meal, 8 parts of corn protein powder, 7 parts of cottonseed protein, 5 parts of double-low rapeseed meal, 5 parts of chicken meal, 5 parts of pig blood globulin powder, 19.8 parts of flour, 1 part of soybean phospholipid oil, 2 parts of fish oil, 2 parts of squid cream, 1 part of shrimp cream, 2 parts of multi-vitamin and multi-mineral premix, 0.1 part of propionic acid, 0.2 part of salt, 0.2 part of choline chloride, 0.6 part of lysine sulfate, 0.2 part of DL-methionine, 0.3 part of threonine, 0.3 part of taurine, 0.2 part of betaine, 0.1 part of ecdysone and 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate.
4. The artificial compound feed with low fish meal for penaeus monodon as claimed in claim 2, wherein the weight parts of the components are as follows: 5 parts of fish meal, 6 parts of shrimp meal, 8 parts of soybean meal, 12 parts of fermented soybean meal, 10 parts of corn protein powder, 10 parts of cottonseed protein, 7 parts of double-low rapeseed meal, 3 parts of chicken meal, 6 parts of pig blood globulin powder, 17 parts of flour, 2 parts of soybean phospholipid oil, 2 parts of fish oil, 2 parts of squid paste, 2 parts of shrimp paste, 2 parts of multi-vitamin multi-mineral premix, 0.1 part of propionic acid, 0.3 part of salt, 0.3 part of choline chloride, 0.7 part of lysine sulfate, 0.3 part of DL-methionine, 0.4 part of threonine, 0.4 part of taurine, 0.4 part of betaine, 0.1 part of ecdysone and 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate.
5. The preparation method of the low-fish-meal penaeus monodon artificial compound feed as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials of the components in parts by weight, and mixing the raw materials of the components except the soybean phospholipid oil and the fish oil to obtain a first mixture;
(2) primarily crushing the first mixture, performing superfine crushing on the primarily crushed first mixture to obtain superfine crushed matter, adding soybean phospholipid oil, fish oil and water into the superfine crushed matter, and mixing to obtain a second mixture;
(3) feeding the second mixture into a bin to be granulated, adding steam through a double-layer modifying granulator, and making the second mixture into feed particles with the particle sizes of 1.2mm and 1.6mm by the granulator;
(4) heating the feed particles in a stable curing device at the temperature of 100-105 ℃ for 45 minutes, then dehydrating and cooling the feed particles by cold air, and obtaining the artificial compound feed for the penaeus monodon with low fish meal when the temperature of the feed particles is reduced to room temperature.
6. The method of claim 5, further comprising the steps of:
(5) and (4) crushing the pellet feed with the particle size of 1.6mm in the low-fish-meal penaeus monodon artificial compound feed obtained in the step (4), then, flowing into a rotary vibration sieve for classification, and screening crushed materials with the particle size of 32 meshes and 22 meshes in accordance with a standard sieve to obtain the feed suitable for shrimp fry culture.
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the micronizing step (2) is carried out by means of a micronizer.
8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the crushing operation in the step (5) is performed by a crusher.
9. The use of the low-fish-meal penaeus monodon artificial compound feed as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 in penaeus monodon feeding.
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| CN114027422A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-02-11 | 浙江澳华饲料有限公司 | Prawn compound feed |
| CN116195692A (en) * | 2022-12-21 | 2023-06-02 | 珠海容川饲料有限公司 | Penaeus monodon feed and preparation and application thereof |
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Application publication date: 20210507 |