CN103300222B - Application of rubber seedcake to oncorhynchus mykiss mixed feed and formula of feed - Google Patents
Application of rubber seedcake to oncorhynchus mykiss mixed feed and formula of feed Download PDFInfo
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- CN103300222B CN103300222B CN201310267965.2A CN201310267965A CN103300222B CN 103300222 B CN103300222 B CN 103300222B CN 201310267965 A CN201310267965 A CN 201310267965A CN 103300222 B CN103300222 B CN 103300222B
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Abstract
The invention relates to an application of a rubber seedcake to an oncorhynchus mykiss mixed feed and a formula of the feed, and belongs to the field of aquaculture techniques. The fixed feed comprises the following components by weight percentage: 15-20% of fish meal, 6-10% of corn protein powder, 7-10% of soybean protein concentrate, 13-18% of bean dregs, 9-12% of rapeseed dregs, 7-10% of cottonseed dregs, 5-15% of the rubber seedcake, 1-7% of wheat middling, 10-12% of bean oil, 0.3-0.5% of soybean lecithin, 0.7-1.5% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.05-0.1% of vitamin C phosphate, 0.1-0.2% of choline chloride, 0.01-0.03% of ethoxy quinoline, 0.5-1.0% of a mineral premix compound, and 0.5-1.0% of a vitamin premix compound. According to the application and the formula, short protein sources such as the bean dregs, the cottonseed dregs and the rapeseed dregs are saved; the cost of the formula and the coefficient of the feed are lowered and reduced; the feed has a high cost performance; the aquiculture benefit of oncorhynchus mykiss is improved.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of rainbow trout mixed feed, is specifically related to application and the formula thereof of a kind of rubber seedcake in rainbow trout mixed feed, belongs to technical field of aquaculture.
Background technology
Along with the raising of people's living standard, people increase day by day to the demand of aquatic products, and in recent years, China's aquatic products increment mainly comes from culture fishery, and current China aquaculture output has accounted for 72% of total output.Along with the development of culture fishery, the demand of mixed feed raw material is increasing.China is the country that protein resource is in short supply, and forage protein source is under-supply particularly outstanding, has 2,500 ten thousand tons of above protein raw materials breach every year.In recent years, the conventional protein raw materials market price continuous rises such as fish meal, dregs of beans, have greatly improved feed cost.
Rubber seedcake is containing crude protein 25～30%(essential amino acid balanced proportion), crude fat 10～15%(unsaturated fatty acid content reaches 82%, linoleic acid plus linolenic acid reaches more than 60%), be rich in the mineral elements such as calcium phosphorus, can consider to set it as the substitute of conventional protein raw materials.
In prior art, patent CN101194669A relates to the process of utilizing rubber seedcake (dregs of rice) to produce protein feed, but does not relate to ratio and effect of alternative other protein raw materials of rubber seedcake (dregs of rice); Patent CN101473889A relates to formula and the method for utilizing rubber seed to prepare protein feed raw material, but it is mainly to utilize rubber seed to prepare protein feed raw material, instead of directly rubber seed is used as protein feed.In view of tolerance and the utilization ratio notable difference thereof of various animals to the contained ANFs of rubber seedcake, in existing formula, the given dosage as protein feed raw material preparation aquatic feeds is very unreasonable, cannot meet the needs of aquaculture.Therefore, necessary utilization ratio and the suitable using dosage thereof of probing into rubber seedcake in variety classes fish feed, fully to develop this good protein feed resource.
Especially, in aquaculture, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is a kind of famous and precious salmon fishes, fine and tender taste, and delicious flavour, has become worldwide extensive culturing economic kind.Rainbow trout is a kind of predacious fish, and its feed is generally originated as main protein using conventional protein raw materials such as fish meal, dregs of beans, Cottonseed Meal and rapeseed dregs, and in feed, protein content requires more than 40%, has reduced rainbow trout culture benefit.
Therefore, trying to explore to develop new protein sources to reduce conventional protein sources use amount, is to improve rainbow trout culture benefit, ensures a kind of effective way of rainbow trout aquaculture sustainable development.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the invention provides application and the formula thereof of a kind of rubber seedcake in rainbow trout mixed feed, in a rational scope, take full advantage of accessory substance-rubber seedcake of rubber seed processing, as the protein raw materials in rainbow trout feed, part replaces plant protein source, the protein sources in short supply such as FSPC, dregs of beans, Cottonseed Meal and rapeseed dregs are saved, mixed feed has no adverse effects to the every physiological function of rainbow trout, simultaneously, reduce formulation cost and feed coefficient, there is higher cost performance, improved rainbow trout culture benefit.
In order to realize foregoing invention object, the technical solution used in the present invention: the compound plant protein source that utilizes rubber seedcake part to replace FSPC, dregs of beans, rapeseed dregs and Cottonseed Meal composition makes an addition in rainbow trout mixed feed.
A kind of rainbow trout mixed feed that contains rubber seedcake comprises fish meal, corn protein powder, FSPC, dregs of beans, rapeseed dregs, Cottonseed Meal, rubber seedcake, inferior powder, soya-bean oil, soybean lecithin, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, vitamin C phosphoric ester, Choline Chloride, ethoxyquinoline, mineral substance premix, vitamin premix, wherein the percentage by weight of various raw materials is: fish meal 15～20%, corn protein powder 6～10%, FSPC 7～10%, dregs of beans 13～18%, rapeseed dregs 9～12%, Cottonseed Meal 7～10%, rubber seedcake 5～15%, inferior powder 1～7%, soya-bean oil 10～12%, soybean lecithin 0.3～0.5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.7～1.5%, vitamin C phosphoric ester 0.05～0.1%, Choline Chloride 0.1～0.2%, ethoxyquinoline 0.01～0.03%, mineral substance premix 0.5～1.0%, vitamin premix 0.5～1.0%, the percentage by weight sum of all raw materials is 100%.
As preferably, in described mixed feed, the percentage by weight of various raw materials is: fish meal 18～20%, corn protein powder 8～10%, FSPC 8～10%, dregs of beans 15～18%, rapeseed dregs 10～12%, Cottonseed Meal 8～10%, rubber seedcake 10～15%, inferior powder 3～7%, soya-bean oil 10～12%, soybean lecithin 0.3～0.5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.7～1.2%, vitamin C phosphoric ester 0.05～0.1%, Choline Chloride 0.1～0.2%, ethoxyquinoline 0.01～0.03%, mineral substance premix 0.5～1.0%, vitamin premix 0.5～1.0%; The percentage by weight sum of all raw materials is 100%.
Soybean lecithin in described mixed feed, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, vitamin C phosphoric ester, Choline Chloride, ethoxyquinoline, mineral substance premix, vitamin premix add according to the proportioning of conventional feed.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention is in a rational scope, take full advantage of accessory substance-rubber seedcake of rubber seed processing, as the protein raw materials in rainbow trout feed, part replaces plant protein source, has saved the protein sources in short supply such as FSPC, dregs of beans, Cottonseed Meal and rapeseed dregs, and mixed feed has no adverse effects to the every physiological function of rainbow trout, simultaneously, reduce formulation cost and feed coefficient, there is higher cost performance, improved rainbow trout culture benefit.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further details, to facilitate the technical staff to understand.But the present invention is not limited to these embodiment.
Embodiment:
Using fish meal, corn protein powder, FSPC, dregs of beans, Cottonseed Meal, rapeseed dregs and rubber seedcake as forage protein source, soya-bean oil and soybean lecithin are as fat source, according to conventional feed mix proportion scheme, prepare 5 kinds and waited the energy feeds such as nitrogen, wherein, in embodiment 1 feed, do not add rubber seedcake, as a control group; In embodiment 2～5 feeds, rubber seedcake addition is 5～20% compound plant protein sources that form to substitute FSPC, dregs of beans, rapeseed dregs and Cottonseed Meal.
Table 1, embodiment feed formula (% dry matter basis)
Note: mineral substance premix (g/kg): MgSO
47H
2o, 180; KI, 1; FeSO
4h
2o, 260; ZnSO
4h
2o, 180; CuSO
45H
2o, 25; Na
2se
2o
3, 0.01; MnSO
4h
2o, 180; CoCl
26H
2o, 0.75; Vitamin premix (g/kg): vitamin A, 2; Vitamin D
3, 0.03; Vitamin E, 30; Vitamin K, 3; Thiamine hydrochloride, 8; Riboflavin, 11; Puridoxine hydrochloride, 8; Cobastab
12, 0.02; Ascorbic acid, 50; Folic acid, 1; Biotin, 0.1; Nicotinic acid, 30; Calcium pantothenate, 32; Inositol, 25.
All feedstuffs are pulverized through pulverizer, and whole mistake 60 mesh sieves, all feedstuffs that crush are mixed other raw materials except soya-bean oil and soybean lecithin by table 1 feed formula, then soybean lecithin is first dissolved in soya-bean oil, mix with other batchings again, finally add again about 30% distilled water to make mash feed form hard group, be placed in the strip that pelleter is squeezed into feed diameter 3.0mm, and be dried 12 hours in 40 DEG C of convection oven, make its moisture be down to 8% left and right.
After testing, the nutritional labeling of various embodiments of the present invention feed formula is as shown in table 2.
Test is the same a collection of seed of artificial culture then with rainbow trout, and by this locality, certain rainbow trout plant provides.Before test, rainbow trout is first supported 2 weeks to adapt to breeding environment temporarily by rainbow trout commercial feed.Rainbow trout fasting 24h before on-test.Select evenly (about 250g), athletic rainbow trout of size, Random assignment is in 15 breeding barrels (5 test processed group, every group of 3 repetitions), every barrel of 30 tail fishes.The every day of bait throwing in 2 times sooner or later (07:00,17:00), reaches the level of being satiated with food.Breeding water is the running water of aeration dechlorination, adopts circular flow water system, and the circulatory system adopts machinery and biological filter media, and with ultraviolet lamp disinfection, water flow velocity 50L/min.Test is carried out 10 weeks altogether, all adopts the continuous oxygenation of 24h during whole culture experiment, natural lighting, and water temperature remains at 14～18 DEG C.
Table 2, embodiment feed nutrient
After culture experiment finishes, stop feeding 24h, weigh every barrel of fish body gross weight and record fish body number, calculate rainbow trout growth rate and survival rate.In addition, gather the tissue samples such as rainbow trout blood and liver, and analyze and measure protein metabolism and oxidation resistance index.The analytical test of each index all adopts the maturation method using in domestic and international research.All numerical value is all expressed as mean value ± standard error
, adopt one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), in the time there is significant difference (P<0.05) between processed group, check and carry out multiple comparison analyse with Tukey ' s.
Table 3～6 have provided test data and result of the test.
Table 3, embodiment rainbow trout growth performance result
Note: the different alphabetical persons of colleague's shoulder motes, significant difference (P<0.05).
As shown in Table 3: the rainbow trout that uses embodiment 1～4 feed to feed, its end weight, daily gain coefficient, grazing rate and protein efficiency ratio, PER there are no significant difference, and generally higher than the embodiment 5 feeds group of feeding; The rainbow trout that uses embodiment 1～4 feed to feed, its feed coefficient there are no significant difference, and significantly lower than the embodiment 5 feeds group of feeding.As can be seen here: in feed, add 5～15% rubber seedcakes rainbow trout growth performance and feed efficiency are had no adverse effects; In the time that additive capacity reaches 20%, rainbow trout growth performance and feed efficiency are suppressed.
The rainbow trout data that comparative example's 1～4 feed is fed again, can find that feed group feed coefficient, protein efficiency ratio, PER of embodiment 4 and embodiment 1 is basic identical; But heavy, the daily gain coefficient in end is apparently higher than embodiment 1 group of feeding.As can be seen here: in the time that rubber seedcake additive capacity is 15%, best results.
Table 4, embodiment rainbow trout plasma proteins related-metabolism index result
Note: the different alphabetical persons of colleague's shoulder motes, significant difference (P<0.05).
As shown in Table 4: the rainbow trout that uses embodiment 1～4 feed to feed, its plasma ammonia nitrogen level there was no significant difference, but generally lower than the embodiment 5 feeds group of feeding; The rainbow trout that uses embodiment 1～5 feed to feed, its blood plasma total protein and total amino acid content and gamma glutamyltransferase, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminease and gpt activity there are no significant difference.As can be seen here: in feed, add 5～15% rubber seedcakes rainbow trout protein metabolism is had no adverse effects; But in the time that additive capacity reaches 20%, rainbow trout Protein utilization is subject to certain inhibition.
Table 5, embodiment rainbow trout blood plasma and liver oxidation resistance index result
Note: the different alphabetical persons of colleague's shoulder motes, significant difference (P<0.05).
As shown in Table 5: the rainbow trout that uses embodiment 1～4 feed to feed, its liver lysozyme and peroxidase activity and TAC are generally higher than the embodiment 5 feeds group of feeding; The rainbow trout that uses embodiment 1～5 feed to feed, its peroxide plasma enzyme and glutathione peroxidase activity, blood plasma and liver mda content there are no significant difference.As can be seen here: in feed, add 5～15% rubber seedcakes rainbow trout oxidation resistance is had no adverse effects; But in the time that additive capacity reaches 20%, rainbow trout oxidation resistance declines to some extent.
In sum, in feed, adding 5～15% rubber seedcakes has no adverse effects to rainbow trout each side physiological function; But in the time that additive capacity reaches 20%, the growth indexes of rainbow trout, protein metabolism utilization rate and oxidation resistance etc. decline to some extent.
Rubber tree is the important industrial crops in torrid areas, and except providing raw material of industry natural rubber, its seed also can be used as the source of industry and edible oil, and after shelling oil expression, remaining grouts can be used as protein feed raw material.A large amount of rubber seeds of the annual output in China rubber plantation, but for a long time, except on a small quantity for breeding and the preliminary working of seed oil, more than 90% be not utilized effectively and rotten in the ground.In recent years, along with the breakthrough of rubber seed industrialization process technology, favourable promotion the comprehensive development and utilization of rubber seed.
Table 6, embodiment 1-5 feed cost are analyzed
Note: feed price is according to price calculation, wherein 8500 yuan/ton of FSPCs, 4200 yuan/ton of dregs of beans, 3100 yuan/ton of Cottonseed Meals, 2800 yuan/ton of rapeseed dregs, 2200 yuan/ton of rubber seedcakes.
As shown in Table 6: when in rainbow trout feed, rubber seedcake additive capacity is 5%, per kilogram rainbow trout increases weight required feed cost higher than not adding 0.02 yuan of rubber seedcake group; When in rainbow trout feed, rubber seedcake additive capacity is 10～15%, 0.13～0.51 yuan of feed cost is saved in the weightening finish of per kilogram rainbow trout; But when in rainbow trout feed, rubber seedcake additive capacity is 20%, per kilogram rainbow trout weightening finish feed cost increases by 0.73 yuan on the contrary.As can be seen here: using culture benefit as with reference to foundation, in rainbow trout feed, rubber seedcake additive capacity is 10～15% the most suitable.
Consider the impact of rubber seedcake additive capacity on rainbow trout physiological function and fanning economics in rainbow trout feed, in the time of rubber seedcake additive capacity in rainbow trout feed 10～15%, for best proportioning, neither can produce harmful effect to rainbow trout growth performance, can realize again culture benefit simultaneously and maximize.
There are the ground such as Hainan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Fujian in China's natural rubber producing region, mainly concentrates on Hainan, Yunnan and Guangdong.2012, China's natural rubber cultivated area occupied the 4th, the world, and annual production occupies the 6th, the world.According to Association of Natural Rubber Producing Countries (ANRPC) statistics, 1,665 ten thousand mu of left and right of Natural Rubber Industry in China cultivated area in 2012, wherein approximately 8,200,000 mu, Yunnan, approximately 7,700,000 mu, Hainan, approximately 680,000 mu, Guangdong, approximately 70,000 mu, other areas.2012, China opened 9,600,000 mu, rubber tapping garden, opens rubber tapping garden produce 50 kilograms of calculating of seed by every mu, can gather in the crops every year 480000 tons of seeds, after shelling oil expression, can produce 120,000 tons of rubber seedcakes.
China is the country that feed protein resource is in short supply, has 2,500 ten thousand tons of above protein raw materials breach every year.The exploitation in development of new forage protein source is to solve one of critical path of feed protein resource deficiency with application.
The present invention is in a rational scope, take full advantage of rubber seed processing byproduct-rubber seedcake, as the protein raw materials in rainbow trout feed, part replaces plant protein source, has saved the protein sources in short supply such as FSPC, dregs of beans, Cottonseed Meal and rapeseed dregs, and feed has no adverse effects to the every physiological function of rainbow trout, simultaneously, reduce formulation cost and feed coefficient, there is higher cost performance, improved rainbow trout culture benefit.
The content that the present invention describes by embodiment, without departing from the present invention, can also carry out various conversion and be equal to replacement patent of the present invention, therefore, patent of the present invention is not limited to disclosed specific implementation process, and should comprise the whole embodiments that fall within the scope of Patent right requirement of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. the application of rubber seedcake in rainbow trout mixed feed, is characterized in that: the compound plant protein source that utilizes rubber seedcake part to replace FSPC, dregs of beans, rapeseed dregs and Cottonseed Meal composition makes an addition in rainbow trout mixed feed, described mixed feed comprises fish meal, corn protein powder, FSPC, dregs of beans, rapeseed dregs, Cottonseed Meal, rubber seedcake, inferior powder, soya-bean oil, soybean lecithin, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, vitamin C phosphoric ester, Choline Chloride, ethoxyquinoline, mineral substance premix, vitamin premix, wherein the percentage by weight of various raw materials is: fish meal 15～20%, corn protein powder 6～10%, FSPC 7～10%, dregs of beans 13～18%, rapeseed dregs 9～12%, Cottonseed Meal 7～10%, rubber seedcake 5～15%, inferior powder 1～7%, soya-bean oil 10～12%, soybean lecithin 0.3～0.5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.7～1.5%, vitamin C phosphoric ester 0.05～0.1%, Choline Chloride 0.1～0.2%, ethoxyquinoline 0.01～0.03%, mineral substance premix 0.5～1.0%, vitamin premix 0.5～1.0%, the percentage by weight sum of all raw materials is 100%.
2. the application of a kind of rubber seedcake according to claim 1 in rainbow trout mixed feed, it is characterized in that: described mixed feed comprises fish meal, corn protein powder, FSPC, dregs of beans, rapeseed dregs, Cottonseed Meal, rubber seedcake, inferior powder, soya-bean oil, soybean lecithin, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, vitamin C phosphoric ester, Choline Chloride, ethoxyquinoline, mineral substance premix, vitamin premix, wherein the percentage by weight of various raw materials is: fish meal 18～20%, corn protein powder 8～10%, FSPC 8～10%, dregs of beans 15～18%, rapeseed dregs 10～12%, Cottonseed Meal 8～10%, rubber seedcake 10～15%, inferior powder 3～7%, soya-bean oil 10～12%, soybean lecithin 0.3～0.5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.7～1.2%, vitamin C phosphoric ester 0.05～0.1%, Choline Chloride 0.1～0.2%, ethoxyquinoline 0.01～0.03%, mineral substance premix 0.5～1.0%, vitamin premix 0.5～1.0%, the percentage by weight sum of all raw materials is 100%.
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104719677B (en) * | 2015-04-13 | 2017-11-10 | 云南农业大学 | A kind of sturgeon mixed feed that rubber seedcake utilization rate is improved using yolk powder |
| CN104719679B (en) * | 2015-04-13 | 2017-11-10 | 云南农业大学 | Application and its formula of a kind of rubber seed oil in rainbow trout mixed feed |
| CN104782889B (en) * | 2015-04-13 | 2017-12-15 | 云南农业大学 | A kind of rainbow trout mixed feed that vegetable protein source utilization rate is improved using yolk powder |
| CN106578707B (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2020-07-24 | 西南大学 | Immunity-improving feed for rainbow trout |
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| CN101473889A (en) * | 2009-01-12 | 2009-07-08 | 云南三环生物技术有限公司 | Feed raw material rich in energy and protein of omega-3 fatty acid and preparation method thereof |
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