CN104719637B - Application and its formula of a kind of rubber seed oil in sturgeon mixed feed - Google Patents
Application and its formula of a kind of rubber seed oil in sturgeon mixed feed Download PDFInfo
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- CN104719637B CN104719637B CN201510171889.4A CN201510171889A CN104719637B CN 104719637 B CN104719637 B CN 104719637B CN 201510171889 A CN201510171889 A CN 201510171889A CN 104719637 B CN104719637 B CN 104719637B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of application of rubber seed oil in sturgeon mixed feed and its formula, belong to technical field of aquaculture.Made an addition to using rubber seed oil part substitution soya-bean oil in compound feed for carps, the percentage by weight of various raw materials is in mixed feed：Fish meal 12~16%, dregs of beans 18~22%, rapeseed dregs 12~17%, Cottonseed Meal 13~18%, corn protein powder 5~8%, rice bran 10~14%, soya-bean oil 0~5.5%, rubber seed oil 2.7~8.2%, soybean lecithin 0.3~0.5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.8~1.2%, vitamin C phosphoric ester 0.02~0.05%, Choline Chloride 0.1~0.3%, ethoxyquinoline 0.01~0.03%, mineral substance premix 0.5~1.0%, vitamin premix 0.5~1.0%；The percentage by weight sum of all raw materials is 100%.The present invention makes full use of rubber seed oil as the fat source in sturgeon feed, has saved soya-bean oil this feed fat in short supply, and mixed feed has no adverse effects to sturgeon, simultaneously, formulation cost and feed coefficient are reduced, there is higher cost performance, improve sturgeon cultivation benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sturgeon mixed feed, and in particular to a kind of rubber seed oil is in sturgeon mixed feed
Using and its formula, belong to technical field of aquaculture.
Background technology
Fat is the constituent of cell membrane, and energy supply and the important form of energy storage.Therefore, feed fat
Species and content all there is material impact to fish forage formula cost, growth result and fish body health and aquatic product quality.
All the time, soya-bean oil is all one of grease mainly used in aquatic feeds.Soya-bean oil is derived from soya seeds, is that yield is most in the world
More greases.In terms of nutritive value, soy(a)-bean oil fatty acid is formed preferably, containing palmitic acid 7~10%, stearic acid 2~5%, arachidic acid 1
~3%, oleic acid 22~30%, linoleic acid 50~60%, leukotrienes 5~9%.With the fast development of feed industry, grease type
The price of raw material particularly soya-bean oil quickly goes up, and huge pressure is caused to aquatic feeding enterprise and culture fishery, it would be highly desirable to
Need to substitute the soya-bean oil in aquatic feeds using other fat sources.
Rubber seed oil (wherein oleic acid 24%, linoleic acid 36%, leukotrienes 20%) containing unrighted acid more than 80%, rubber
Glue seed oil fatty digestibility more than 98%, there is very high nutritive value, be a kind of potential feed fat source, it may be considered that will
Its substitute as soya-bean oil.
In the prior art, patent CN101186834A relates to the use of the production method that rubber seed oil prepares biodiesel, but
It is not to be related to rubber seed oil as feed fat source；Document is related to utilization of the rubber seed oil as poultry feed, but is not related to rubber
Glue seed oil substitutes the ratio and effect of other fat sources, and various animals especially terrestrial homeothermal animal and aquatic poikilotherm
Between, notable difference be present to the utilization ratio of rubber seed oil, go out given in existing formula and prepare aquatic products feeding as feed fat
The dosage of material is extremely unreasonable, can not meet the needs of aquaculture.Therefore, it is necessary to probe into variety classes fish feed
The utilization ratio of rubber seed oil and its suitable dosage, fully to develop this high-quality feed oil resource.
Especially, in aquaculture, sturgeon is large-scale Important Economic fish, and in sexal maturity evening, the speed of growth is fast, adapts to
Property is wide, and premunition is strong.Sturgeon is a kind of ominivore-fish, and its mixed feed is mainly made with the conventional feed such as soya-bean oil, fish oil grease
For main fat source (CN102265995A, CN102293347A).In recent years, the conventional feed such as soya-bean oil, fish oil grease price is held
It is continuous to go up, feed cost is drastically increased, reduces sturgeon cultivation benefit.
Therefore, try to explore to develop novel fodder grease to reduce the conventional feed grease usage amount such as soya-bean oil, fish oil,
It is to improve sturgeon cultivation benefit, ensures a kind of effective way of sturgeon cultivation industry sustainable development.
The content of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides application and its formula of a kind of rubber seed oil in sturgeon mixed feed, this
Invention takes full advantage of accessory substance-rubber seed oil in ruber plantation, as sturgeon feed in a rational scope
In fat source, part substitutes soya-bean oil, has saved soya-bean oil this feed fat in short supply, mixed feed is to sturgeon items physiological function
Have no adverse effects, meanwhile, formulation cost and feed coefficient are reduced, there is higher cost performance, improve sturgeon cultivation benefit.
In order to realize foregoing invention purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention：Added using rubber seed oil part substitution soya-bean oil
It is added in sturgeon mixed feed.
A kind of sturgeon mixed feed containing rubber seed oil include fish meal, dregs of beans, rapeseed dregs, Cottonseed Meal, corn protein powder,
Rice bran, soya-bean oil, rubber seed oil, soybean lecithin, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, vitamin C phosphoric ester, Choline Chloride, ethoxyquinoline, ore deposit
Material premix, vitamin premix, wherein the percentage by weight of various raw materials is：Fish meal 12~16%, dregs of beans 18~22%,
Rapeseed dregs 12~17%, Cottonseed Meal 13~18%, corn protein powder 5~8%, rice bran 10~14%, soya-bean oil 0~5.5%, rubber
Seed oil 2.7~8.2%, soybean lecithin 0.3~0.5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.8~1.2%, vitamin C phosphoric ester 0.02~
0.05%th, Choline Chloride 0.1~0.3%, ethoxyquinoline 0.01~0.03%, mineral substance premix 0.5~1.0%, dimension life
Plain premix 0.5~1.0%；The percentage by weight sum of all raw materials is 100%.
Preferably, the percentage by weight of various raw materials is in the mixed feed：Fish meal 3~5%, dregs of beans 25~
28%th, Cottonseed Meal 5~8%, rapeseed dregs 12~15%, corn protein powder 5~8%, wheat-middlings 20~26%, soya-bean oil 0~2.7%,
Rubber seed oil 5.5~8.2%, soybean lecithin 0.3~0.5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.7~1.2%, vitamin C phosphoric ester
0.02~0.05%, Choline Chloride 0.1~0.3%, ethoxyquinoline 0.01~0.03%, mineral substance premix 0.5~
1.0%th, vitamin premix 0.5~1.0%；The percentage by weight sum of all raw materials is 100%.
Soybean lecithin, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, vitamin C phosphoric ester, Choline Chloride, ethoxyquin in the mixed feed
Quinoline, mineral substance premix, vitamin premix add according to the proportioning of conventional feed.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：The present invention takes full advantage of the pair in ruber plantation in a rational scope
For product-rubber seed oil as the fat source in sturgeon feed, part substitutes soya-bean oil, has saved soya-bean oil this feed fat in short supply,
Mixed feed has no adverse effects to sturgeon items physiological function, meanwhile, formulation cost and feed coefficient are reduced, there is higher property
Valency ratio, improves sturgeon cultivation benefit.
Embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further details, to facilitate the technical staff to understand.But this hair
It is bright to be not limited to these embodiments.
Embodiment：
Using fish meal, dregs of beans, rapeseed dregs, Cottonseed Meal and corn protein powder as forage protein source, soya-bean oil, rubber seed oil and big
Beans lecithin, according to conventional feed mix proportion scheme, has prepared 3 kinds and has waited the energy feed such as nitrogen (as shown in table 1), implemented as fat source
Rubber seed oil addition is 2.7~8.2% to substitute soya-bean oil in the feed of example 1~3.
Table 1, embodiment feed formula (% dry matter basis)
Note：Mineral substance premix (g/kg)：MgSO4·7H2O, 180；KI, 1；FeSO4·H2O, 260；ZnSO4·H2O,
180；CuSO4·5H2O, 25；Na2Se2O3, 0.01；MnSO4·H2O, 180；CoCl2·6H2O, 0.75；Vitamin premix (g/
kg)：Vitamin A, 2；Vitamin D3, 0.03；Vitamin E, 30；Vitamin K, 3；Thiamine hydrochloride, 8；Riboflavin, 11；Hydrochloric acid pyrrole
Tremble alcohol, 8；Vitamin B12, 0.02；Ascorbic acid, 50；Folic acid, 1；Biotin, 0.1；Nicotinic acid, 30；Calcium pantothenate, 32；Inositol, 25.
All feedstuffs crush by pulverizer, and all cross 60 mesh sieves, by all feedstuffs crushed by table 1
Other raw materials in addition to soya-bean oil, rubber seed oil and soybean lecithin are well mixed by feed formula, then add soya-bean oil, rubber seed
Oil and soybean lecithin (being first dissolved in soya-bean oil), it is well mixed, finally adding about 30% distilled water forms mash feed
Hard group, is placed in pelleter and feed is squeezed into diameter 3.0mm strip, and drying 12 is small in 40 DEG C of convection ovens
When, its moisture is down to 12% or so.After testing, the nutritional ingredient of the various embodiments of the present invention feed formula such as institute of table 2
Show.
Table 2, embodiment feed nutrient
Same a collection of seed of the experiment with sturgeon for artificial culture then, is provided by certain local plant.Before experiment, sturgeon is first
2 weeks are temporarily supported with commercial feed to adapt to breeding environment.Sturgeon fasting 24h before on-test.Select (about 18.3g) uniform in size,
Physically fit sturgeon, it is randomly assigned in 9 breeding barrels (3 test process groups, every group of 3 repetitions), every barrel of 30 tail fishes.Daily
Morning and evening bait throwing in 2 times (07:30,17:30), up to the level of being satiated with food.The running water that breeding water dechlorinates for aeration, using recycle stream water system
System, the circulatory system is using machinery and biological filter media, and with ultraviolet lamp disinfection, water flow velocity 20L/min.Experiment carries out 10 altogether
In week, continuously it is oxygenated using 24h during whole culture experiment, natural lighting, water temperature remains at 16~22 DEG C.
After culture experiment terminates, stop feeding 24h, weigh every barrel of fish body gross weight and record fish body number, calculate sturgeon life
Long rate and survival rate.In addition, the tissue sample such as collection sturgeon blood, small intestine and liver, and analyze measure digestive enzyme activity, albumen
Matter is metabolized and oxidation resistance index.The analysis test of each index is using the maturation method used in research both at home and abroad.It is all
Numerical value is represented as average value ± standard errorUsing one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), when between treatment group
Significant difference (P be present<0.05) when, examined with Tukey ' s and carry out Multiple range test analysis.
Table 3~7 gives test data and result of the test.
Table 3, embodiment sturgeon growth performance result
Note：Shoulder of going together notes different alphabetical persons, significant difference (P<0.05).
As shown in Table 3：The sturgeon fed using the feed of embodiment 3, its last weight, body weight gains, daily gain coefficient and protein
Efficiency is all remarkably higher than the feed feeding group of embodiment 1~2；The sturgeon fed using the feed of embodiment 3, its feed coefficient are significantly low
In the feed feeding group of embodiment 1~2；The sturgeon fed using the feed of embodiment 1~3, there was no significant difference for its grazing rate.Thus
It can be seen that：When rubber seed oil 2.7~8.2% are added in feed, the growth performance of sturgeon is had no adverse effects, when being added in feed
5.5~8.2% rubber seed oils have been obviously promoted the growth performance and efficiency of feed utilization of sturgeon.
Table 4, embodiment sturgeon small intestine and liver digestive enzyme activity result
Note：Shoulder of going together notes different alphabetical persons, significant difference (P<0.05).
As shown in Table 4：Using the feed of embodiment 3 feed sturgeon, its small intestine amylase activity be significantly higher than embodiment 1~
2 feed feeding groups；The sturgeon fed using the feed of embodiment 1~3, its Small Intestine Protease, lipase and the equal nothing of Disacchridase Activities
Significant difference；The sturgeon fed using the feed of embodiment 3, its liver amylase activity are substantially less than the feeding of the feed of embodiment 1~2
Feed group；With the increase of rubber seed addition in feed, sturgeon liver protein enzyme, lipase and Disacchridase Activities are in significantly rise
Trend.As can be seen here：When rubber seed oil 2.7~8.2% are added in feed, to sturgeon liver protein enzyme and lipase active without
Harmful effect, sturgeon liver protein enzyme and lipase active are significantly improved when adding 5.5~8.2% rubber seed oils in feed.
Table 5, embodiment sturgeon plasma proteins related-metabolism index result
Note：Shoulder of going together notes different alphabetical persons, significant difference (P<0.05).
As shown in Table 5：The sturgeon fed using the feed of embodiment 2~3, its blood plasma total amino acid level are significantly higher than implementation
The feed feeding group of example 1；The sturgeon fed using the feed of embodiment 2, its plasma ammonia nitrogen level are fed apparently higher than the feed of embodiment 3
Group；The sturgeon fed using the feed of embodiment 2~3, its plasma aspartate aminotransferase and gpt activity are substantially less than real
Apply the feed feeding group of example 1.As can be seen here：When rubber seed oil 2.7~8.2% are added in feed, sturgeon utilizes effect to protein
Rate has no adverse effects, and is advantageous to improve utilization ratio of the sturgeon to protein when adding 5.5~8.7% rubber seed oils in feed.
Table 6, embodiment sturgeon blood plasma and liver oxidation resistance index result
Note：Shoulder of going together notes different alphabetical persons, significant difference (P<0.05).
As shown in Table 6：The sturgeon fed using the feed of embodiment 3, its peroxide plasma enzyme and lactic acid dehydrogenase activity
It is all remarkably higher than the feed feeding group of embodiment 1~2；The sturgeon fed using the feed of embodiment 1, its blood plasma catalase and paddy
The sweet peptide peroxidase activity of Guang is all remarkably higher than the feed feeding group of embodiment 2~3；The sturgeon fed using the feed of embodiment 2, its
Plasma Total Antioxidant ability is significantly higher than the feed feeding group of embodiment 1 and 3；The sturgeon fed using the feed of embodiment 3, its liver
Lysozyme activity is significantly higher than the feed feeding group of embodiment 1~2；The sturgeon fed using the feed of embodiment 2, its liver super oxygen
Thing mutase, catalase, alkaline phosphatase and TAC are significantly higher than the feed feeding group of embodiment 1 and 3；Use
The sturgeon of the feed of embodiment 2~3 feeding, its liver peroxidase and glutathione peroxidase activity are significantly higher than embodiment
1 feed feeding group.As can be seen here：When rubber seed oil 2.7~8.2% are added in feed, to the oxidation resistance of sturgeon without bad
Influence, when 5.5~8.2% rubber seed oils of addition are advantageous to improve the oxidation resistance of sturgeon in feed.
In summary, the growth that 5.5~8.2% rubber seed oils significantly improve sturgeon is added in sturgeon mixed feed
Energy, efficiency of feed utilization and oxidation resistance, meanwhile, when rubber seed oil reaches 8.2%, sturgeon has been met to feed fat
Demand.
There are the ground such as Hainan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Fujian in China natural rubber producing region, is concentrated mainly on Hainan, Yunnan
South, the Guangdong Lezhou Peninsula.According to Association of Natural Rubber Producing Countries (ANRPC) statistics, Natural Rubber Industry in China kind in 2013
Plant 17,100,000 mu or so of area, wherein about 7,360,000 mu of Hainan, about 7,150,000 mu of Yunnan, about 680,000 mu of Guangdong.By per hectare rubber
The 1000 kilograms of calculating of forest products seed, 1,140,000 tons of seed can be harvested every year, 350,000 tons of rubber seed oil can be produced after shelling oil expression.
China is feed resource country in short supply, and the skyrocketing of the shortage of fish oil resource and price seriously constrains aquatic products and supported
Grow the fast development of industry.Therefore, it is imperative to find suitable alternative fats source.Vegetable oil is supplied because tool is stable, is relatively low
Content of dioxin, compared with high available and compared with high unsaturated fatty acid content the advantages that, it has also become the fish oil of great potential replaces
Dai Zhe.Relative to other plant oil, rubber seed oil has the physiological function of reducing blood lipid rich in leukotrienes.
The present invention takes full advantage of rubber seed processing byproduct-rubber seed oil, as sturgeon in a rational scope
Fat source in fish meal, part substitute soya-bean oil, have saved soya-bean oil this feed fat in short supply, feed is to sturgeon items physiology machine
It can have no adverse effects, meanwhile, formulation cost and feed coefficient are reduced, there is higher cost performance, improves sturgeon cultivation effect
Benefit.
The content that the present invention is illustrated by embodiment, without departing from the present invention, can also be to this
Patent of invention carries out various conversion and equivalent replacement, and therefore, patent of the present invention is not limited to disclosed specific implementation process, and
The whole embodiments fallen into scope of the patent claims of the present invention should be included.
Claims (1)
- A kind of 1. application of rubber seed oil in sturgeon mixed feed, it is characterised in that：Substitute soya-bean oil using rubber seed oil part Make an addition in sturgeon mixed feed, the mixed feed include fish meal, dregs of beans, rapeseed dregs, Cottonseed Meal, corn protein powder, rice bran, Soya-bean oil, rubber seed oil, soybean lecithin, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, vitamin C phosphate, Choline Chloride, ethoxyquinoline, mineral Matter premix, vitamin premix, wherein the percentage by weight of various raw materials is：Fish meal 12~16%, dregs of beans 18~ 22%th, rapeseed dregs 12~17%, Cottonseed Meal 13~18%, corn protein powder 5~8%, rice bran 10~14%, soya-bean oil 0 ~2.7%, rubber seed oil 5.5~8.2%, soybean lecithin 0.3~0.5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.8~1.2%, dimension Raw plain C phosphoesterase 30s .02~0.05%, Choline Chloride 0.1~0.3%, ethoxyquinoline 0.01~0.03%, mineral Matter premix 0.5~1.0%, vitamin premix 0.5~1.0%；The percentage by weight sum of all raw materials is 100%。
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| CN101473889A (en) * | 2009-01-12 | 2009-07-08 | 云南三环生物技术有限公司 | Feed raw material rich in energy and protein of omega-3 fatty acid and preparation method thereof |
| CN104187105A (en) * | 2014-08-20 | 2014-12-10 | 四川省农业科学院水产研究所 | Acipenser dabryanus postpartum parent fish feed |
| CN104431436A (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2015-03-25 | 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所 | N-carbamylglutamate-added sturgeon feed with high corn gluten meal content |
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2015
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| CN101473889A (en) * | 2009-01-12 | 2009-07-08 | 云南三环生物技术有限公司 | Feed raw material rich in energy and protein of omega-3 fatty acid and preparation method thereof |
| CN104187105A (en) * | 2014-08-20 | 2014-12-10 | 四川省农业科学院水产研究所 | Acipenser dabryanus postpartum parent fish feed |
| CN104431436A (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2015-03-25 | 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所 | N-carbamylglutamate-added sturgeon feed with high corn gluten meal content |
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Effective date of registration: 20190426 Address after: 056000 Changle Village, Suo Bao Town, Shexian County, Handan, Hebei Patentee after: Handan Sturgeon Salamander Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: 650201 Yunnan Yunnan Agricultural University, Heilongtan, Panlong District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province Patentee before: Yunnan Agricultural University |
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