CN107319208A - A kind of aquatic feeds and its application in grouper is raised - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to an aquatic feed and its application in grouper breeding. The aquatic feed provided by the invention consists of fish meal, soybean protein concentrate, casein, shrimp shell powder, flour, cassava flour, soybean oil, fish oil, squid paste, vitamins, minerals, choline chloride, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, VC phosphate . The preparation method of the feed is simple and the raw material cost is low. According to the nutritional physiology of grouper juveniles, the feed proposes to meet the protein, fat, energy, calcium and phosphorus and other nutrients required for its maximum growth, as well as the required amount of various vitamins and trace elements; The grouper eats, and the feed utilization rate is high; the nutrition is balanced. The grouper was fed with it for 6 weeks, and the cultured grouper had good growth performance, healthy shape, and high nutritional content in the whole fish and muscle.

Description

A kind of aquatic feed and its application in grouper feeding

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to an aquatic feed and its application in grouper breeding.

Background technique

Grouper is a rare and valuable sea-farming economic fish. It is distributed in the tropical and subtropical warm waters of the southeast coast of my country. It has the advantages of fast growth, delicious meat and high economic value. One of the rare species. However, at present, grouper farming is mainly based on feeding chilled fish, and the popularity rate of compound feed is low. The main reason is that the current research foundation on the nutritional needs of grouper is weak. It is impossible to know what kind of feed is more suitable for the growth and development of grouper without clarifying the nutritional needs of grouper.

The raw materials of common aquatic feeds on the market are mainly fishmeal, grain raw materials and oil. Generally speaking, fishmeal and grain raw materials often account for more than 50% of the feed cost, and occupy an important position in the feed cost. However, most of the commercially available aquafeeds cannot meet the nutritional requirements of grouper. Unbalanced feed nutrition will directly lead to mass death of grouper in the process of transforming from juvenile fish to adult fish, and the surviving grouper will also have unhealthy shape due to malnutrition, low nutritional content in whole fish or muscle, and poor quality. decline. Moreover, the palatability of the feed is also an important factor determining the growth performance of the grouper. Generally speaking, the taste and flavor of the compound feed are mostly inferior to that of the iced fish, so feeding it cannot arouse the appetite of the grouper, which in turn leads to the grouper's Poor growth and development, unhealthy form. In addition, the stability of the feed will also have an important impact on the growth and development of the grouper. The instability of the feed is mainly manifested in: too fast sedimentation in water, too fast dissolution, too short decay time, etc. Settling quickly and dissolving quickly, the grouper is not easy to eat; if the rotting time is too short, it will easily damage the water quality and make the grouper easy to get sick.

Therefore, further research should be done on the compound feed suitable for grouper, reduce the cost of grouper breeding, and improve the growth performance and muscle nutrition of grouper.

Contents of the invention

In view of this, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a kind of aquatic feed and its application in grouper breeding. The feed provided by the present invention has good stability in water, and the grouper and juvenile fish that ingest the feed of this embodiment Active feeding, grouper has good growth performance and good economic benefits.

The aquatic feed provided by the invention is made from the following raw materials in parts by mass:

In the present invention, the vitamins include the following parts by mass: VA 0.85 parts; VB ₃ 0.17 parts; VE 1.04 parts; VK ₃ 0.13 parts; VB ₁ 0.03 parts; VB ₂ 0.42 parts; VB ₂ 0.42 parts; VB ₆ 0.33 parts 1.56 parts of VC; 1.04 parts of niacin; 1.12 parts of calcium pantothenate; 0.08 parts of folic acid; 0.2 parts of VB ₁₂ ;

In the present invention, the minerals include the following parts by mass: 125 parts of calcium, 100 parts of magnesium, 125 parts of phosphorus, 1 part of copper, 60 parts of iron; 1 part of manganese and 7.5 parts of zinc.

In some embodiments, the aquatic feed is made from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 552.5 parts of fish meal; 90 parts of soybean protein concentrate; 50.0 parts of casein; 25.0 parts of shrimp shell powder; 181.5 parts of flour; 20.0 parts of cassava flour; 15.0 parts of soybean oil; 15.0 parts of fish oil; 15.0 parts of squid paste; 10.0 parts of vitamins; 10.0 parts of minerals; 5.0 parts of choline chloride; 10.0 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate; 1.0 parts of VC phosphate.

In some embodiments, the aquatic feed is made from the following raw materials by mass: 650 parts of fish meal; 50.0 parts of casein; 25.0 parts of shrimp shell powder; 174 parts of flour; 20.0 parts of cassava flour; 15.0 parts of soybean oil; 15.0 parts of fish oil; 15.0 parts; 10.0 parts of vitamins; 10.0 parts of minerals; 5.0 parts of choline chloride; 10.0 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate; 1.0 parts of VC phosphate.

In some embodiments, the aquatic feed is made from the following raw materials by mass: 357.5 parts of fish meal; 270 parts of soybean protein concentrate; 50.0 parts of casein; 25.0 parts of shrimp shell powder; 196.5 parts of flour; 20.0 parts of cassava flour; 15.0 parts of soybean oil; 15.0 parts of fish oil; 15.0 parts of squid paste; 10.0 parts of vitamins; 10.0 parts of minerals; 5.0 parts of choline chloride; 10.0 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate; 1.0 parts of VC phosphate.

In some embodiments, the aquatic feed is made from the following raw materials by mass: 162.5 parts of fish meal; 450 parts of soybean protein concentrate; 50.0 parts of casein; 25.0 parts of shrimp shell powder; 211.5 parts of flour; 20.0 parts of cassava flour; 15.0 parts of soybean oil; 15.0 parts of fish oil; 15.0 parts of squid paste; 10.0 parts of vitamins; 10.0 parts of minerals; 5.0 parts of choline chloride; 10.0 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate; 1.0 parts of VC phosphate.

The protein of the feed provided by the invention is mainly provided by fish meal, soybean protein concentrate and casein. Seawater fish have a high demand for protein, but in today's increasingly scarce resources, the price of high-quality protein raw materials such as fishmeal is high. In order to save farming costs, farmers hope that feed protein can be more effectively converted into fish protein. However, although plant protein has a wide range of sources, its amino acid content is not balanced, and anti-nutritional factors such as trypsin inhibitor and hemagglutinin can also inhibit the absorption of fish. Therefore, the material that can replace fishmeal to provide sufficient protein source for grouper has always been the goal sought in this field. The present invention partially replaces fish meal and casein with soybean protein concentrate. Soy protein concentrate (Soy Protein Concentrate, abbreviated as SPC) uses soybean as raw material and undergoes processing techniques such as crushing, peeling, extraction, separation, washing, and drying to remove soybean After the oil, low-molecular-weight soluble non-protein components (mainly soluble sugar, ash, gliadin and various odor substances, etc.), the prepared protein (N×6.25) containing more than 65% (dry basis) Soy protein products. The feeding results showed that the substituted diet had higher specific growth rate, higher protein efficiency ratio, lower feed factor, moderate fatness and significantly higher crude protein content of the whole fish than the non-substituted diet. improve. It shows that the feed provided by the invention improves the growth performance of grouper under the premise of reducing cost.

Most of the formulated feeds can't induce the grouper's feeding well, the main reason is poor palatability, the present invention adds squid paste to the feed to improve the palatability of the feed. Squid paste is a natural marine squid (squid) viscera extract, which is processed by advanced production technology, fermented, sterilized, and then dried. It has a strong smell of squid (squid) viscera. Preferably, in the aquatic feed provided by the present invention, the mass part of squid extract is 15 parts.

Shrimp shell powder is rich in chitin, protein, choline, phospholipid, cholesterol, astaxanthin, astaxanthin and phosphorus, calcium, iron, manganese, zinc, copper and other beneficial elements. It can improve the palatability of feed, and can also provide good nutrition for fish and promote the growth of grouper. Preferably, in the aquatic feed provided by the present invention, the mass parts of shrimp shell powder is 25 parts.

Choline can increase the growth rate of some fishes, and it can also prevent fatty liver, anemia, liver discoloration, and hemorrhage of liver, intestines, and kidneys, as well as exophthalmos and enlarged abdomen. However, there is no consensus on the amount of choline that should be added to fish feed. Preferably, in the aquatic feed provided by the present invention, the mass parts of choline chloride is 5 parts.

Calcium dihydrogen phosphate is a feed additive used to supplement the calcium and phosphorus nutrition of livestock, poultry and aquatic animals. Preferably, in the aquatic feed provided by the present invention, the mass parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate is 10 parts.

Fish oil is a general term for all oily substances in fish, including body oil, liver oil and brain oil. Soybean oil is the oil obtained from the seeds of the soybean plant in the legume family. There are still different opinions on whether it is beneficial to add oil to fish feed. The fat in the feed can be used as an energy source for the decomposition function, or can supplement essential fatty acids to maintain a normal physiological state. However, the fish's demand for fat is closely related to the fish species, physiological state, and the type, quantity and proportion of other ingredients in the feed. Fish oil and soybean oil are added to the feed provided by the invention, wherein the fish oil is 15 parts by mass, and the soybean oil is 15 parts by mass. The grouper can maintain a moderate plumpness after feeding, and the feed coefficient is reduced.

Cassava flour is starch refined from the roots of cassava or cassava. It has a super strong cohesive force on the feed, which can ensure that the feed does not disperse in the water for 3 hours, fully guarantees the animals to eat, improves the utilization of feed, and avoids water pollution. . In the aquatic feed provided in the present invention, the mass parts of cassava flour is 20 parts.

Flour, as the grain raw material in aquatic feed, can not only provide nutrition, but also further improve the cohesiveness of the feed, reduce the powder content of the feed, thereby improving the utilization rate of the feed, reducing waste and improving the production performance of the feed. In the aquatic feed provided by the present invention, the mass parts of flour are 174-211.5 parts.

As an additive, VC phosphate can increase the anti-stress ability, improve the immune ability of fish, and make the fish healthier. At the same time, VC phosphate can withstand high temperature, so that the feed can still maintain a high level after pelleting at high temperature. active ingredients. In the aquatic feed provided by the present invention, the mass part of VC phosphate is 1 part.

The preparation method of the aquatic feed provided by the invention is as follows: pulverize the raw materials and pass through a 60-mesh sieve; after mixing with water, pass through a 60-mesh sieve again; then extrude and granulate, and dry at 60°C for 12 hours to obtain the aquatic feed; The quality of said water is 50% of the total mass of raw materials.

The extrusion is extruded into a rod with a diameter of 2.5mm±5mm; the granulation is made into particles with a diameter of 2.5mm±5mm. Specifically, the extrusion is extruded into strips with a diameter of 2.5 mm; the granulation is made into particles with a diameter of 2.5 mm.

The diameter of the feed prepared by the invention is about 2.5 mm, which is suitable for grouper feeding.

The aquatic feed provided by the invention is used for raising grouper.

The aquatic feed provided by the invention can provide comprehensive and rich nutrition for fish, has high feed utilization rate, and has good growth performance of reared fish. In addition to grouper, it can also be used for other aquatic products. But it is more suitable for grouper farming.

The present invention also provides a method for raising grouper, feeding the aquatic feed described in the present invention.

In the method for raising grouper, the frequency of feeding is twice a day, at 08:00 and 16:00 respectively.

The aquatic feed provided by the invention consists of fish meal, soybean protein concentrate, casein, shrimp shell powder, flour, cassava flour, soybean oil, fish oil, squid paste, vitamins, minerals, choline chloride, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, VC phosphate . The preparation method of the feed is simple and the raw material cost is low. According to the nutritional physiology of grouper juveniles, the feed proposes to meet the protein, fat, energy, calcium and phosphorus and other nutrients required for its maximum growth, as well as the required amount of various vitamins and trace elements; The grouper eats, and the feed utilization rate is high; the nutrition is balanced. The grouper was fed with it for 6 weeks, and the cultured grouper had good growth performance, healthy shape, and high nutritional content in the whole fish and muscle.

detailed description

The invention provides an aquatic feed and its application in grouper breeding. Those skilled in the art can refer to the content of this article and appropriately improve the process parameters to realize it. In particular, it should be pointed out that all similar replacements and modifications are obvious to those skilled in the art, and they are all considered to be included in the present invention. The method and application of the present invention have been described through preferred embodiments, and relevant personnel can obviously make changes or appropriate changes and combinations to the method and application herein without departing from the content, spirit and scope of the present invention to realize and apply the present invention Invent technology.

Below in conjunction with embodiment, further set forth the present invention:

Embodiment 1-4

Table 1 embodiment 1～4 feed formula

Before making the feed, first crush all the raw materials and pass through a 60-mesh sieve. Mix all the raw materials according to the formula in Table 1, then add about 500kg of water, knead it evenly by hand and pass through a 60-mesh sieve, and put it into the F-26 twin-screw extruder (Guangzhou Huagong Optical Electromechanical Technology Co., Ltd.) Extrude into a strip with a diameter of 2.5mm, and then utilize a G-500 type granulator (Guangzhou Huagong Optical Electromechanical Technology Co., Ltd.) to make pellet feed with a diameter of about 2.5mm. The feed was dried at a constant temperature of 60°C for 12 hours, and the dried feed was sealed in a sealed bag and stored in a -20°C refrigerator.

The nutrient composition indicators of the feed were tested, and the results are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 Nutrient composition index

group Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Crude protein (%) 46.49 46.56 46.12 46.3 Crude fat (%) 9.37 9.63 9.10 9.15 Crude ash (%) 14.56 15.73 11.85 9.26 Total energy (k cal kg-1) 18.54 18.91 18.94 19.24 ΣEAA(g kg-1) 14.17 14.45 14.72 13.95 ΣNEAA g kg-1) 18.90 18.80 19.78 19.80 Lysine 2.24 2.41 2.20 1.98 Methine 0.63 0.85 0.73 0.49

The results in Table 2 show that the feed provided by the present invention is rich and balanced in nutrition, and the feeds provided in Examples 1 and 2 have richer contents of various nutrients than those provided in Examples 3-4.

The properties of the feed were tested, and the results are shown in Table 3.

Table 3 pellet feed traits

Table 3 records the properties of the feed of Example 1, and the properties of the feeds obtained in other examples are similar to this, but in terms of palatability, the feeds of Examples 1-2 are significantly better than Examples 3-4.

The feed of each embodiment feeds the grouper, and the post-embryonic development of the grouper is mainly divided into the larval stage, the juvenile stage, and the juvenile stage according to the change of the yolk sac, the growth and shrinkage of long fin spines, and the appearance of scales and body color markings. Expect. Juvenile stage: At this stage, the fry are covered with scales and have stripes on their bodies. The individual fry are similar to adult fish in shape and habits.

The experiment of the present invention takes juvenile grouper as the experimental object, and the culture period is 6 weeks. The experiment was carried out in the same water area, with 50 fry in each group, fed in a water body of 0.5m ³ , fed twice a day, and the daily feeding rate was 3%-5% of the fish body weight. Each group of experiments was repeated three times. After the experiment was over, growth performance, feed utilization, grouper morphological indicators and muscle nutritional components were detected. The results are shown in Table 4:

Table 4 Growth performance, feed utilization and morphological indicators

The results show that the fatness and internal organs of the grouper raised with the feed provided by the present invention are moderate, and the feed of Example 1 is significantly better than the three aspects of fish body weight gain, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio. Examples 2-4, p<0.05; while the feed coefficient of embodiment 1 is significantly lower than that of embodiments 2-4, p<0.05.

Table 5 Nutritional composition of whole fish and muscle

The result shows that the grouper raised with the feed provided by the present invention has rich nutritional components, and the content of crude protein in the muscle of the grouper raised with the feed of Example 1 is higher, and all adopt fishmeal and casein as the protein source as in Example 2 There was no significant difference in the feeding effect of the diet (p>0.05), but the crude protein content in the muscle of the grouper raised in Examples 1-2 was significantly better than that in Examples 3-4 (p<0.05). There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the fat and ash content in the muscle of the grouper fed in each embodiment.

The results of detecting the whole fish show that the crude protein content of the grouper raised in Example 1 is significantly higher than the crude protein content in the grouper raised in Examples 2-4, p<0.05; and in terms of fat and ash, The grouper that embodiment 1 and 2 raises is then significantly lower than the grouper that embodiment 3～4 raises, p<0.05.

The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, some improvements and modifications can also be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered Be the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A kind of aquatic feed is characterized in that, is made by the raw material of following mass parts: 2. The aquatic feed according to claim 1, wherein the vitamins include the following parts by mass: 0.85 parts of VA; 0.17 parts of VB ₃ ; 1.04 parts of VE; 0.13 parts of VK ₃ ; 0.03 parts of VB ₁ ; ₂ 0.42 parts; VB ₂ 0.42 parts; VB ₆ 0.33 parts; VC 1.56 parts; 1.04 parts _of niacin; 1.12 parts of calcium pantothenate; 0.08 parts of folic acid; 3. The aquatic feed according to claim 1, wherein the minerals include the following parts by mass: 125 parts of calcium, 100 parts of magnesium, 125 parts of phosphorus, 1 part of copper, 60 parts of iron; 1 part of manganese and Zinc 7.5 parts. 4. The aquatic feed according to claim 1, characterized in that it is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 552.5 parts of fish meal; 90 parts of soybean protein concentrate; 50.0 parts of casein; 25.0 parts of shrimp shell powder; 181.5 parts of flour; 20.0 parts of cassava flour; 15.0 parts of soybean oil; 15.0 parts of fish oil; 15.0 parts of squid paste; 10.0 parts of vitamins; 10.0 parts of minerals; 5.0 parts of choline chloride; 5. The preparation method of aquatic feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the raw materials are pulverized and passed through a 60-mesh sieve; after being mixed with water, passed through a 60-mesh sieve again; and then extruded and granulated , baked at 60° C. for 12 hours to prepare aquatic feed; the quality of the water is 50% of the total mass of raw materials. 6 . The preparation method according to claim 5 , characterized in that, the extrusion is extruded into strips with a diameter of 2.5 mm ± 5 mm; the granulation is made into particles with a diameter of 2.5 mm ± 5 mm. 7. The aquatic feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is used for raising grouper. 8. A method for raising grouper, characterized in that the aquatic feed according to any one of claims 1-4 is fed.