CN103300223B - Application of rubber seedcake in megalobrama amblycephala formula feed and formula of megalobrama amblycephala formula feed - Google Patents
Application of rubber seedcake in megalobrama amblycephala formula feed and formula of megalobrama amblycephala formula feed Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an application of rubber seedcake in a megalobrama amblycephala formula feed and a formula of the megalobrama amblycephala formula feed, belonging to the technical field of aquaculture. Rubber seedcake partially takes the place of a composite plant protein source formed by bean pulp, cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal and is added into the megalobrama amblycephala formula feed, The formula feed comprises the following raw materials by weight percent: 3-6% of fish meal, 7-12% of bean pulp, 12-22% of cottonseed meal, 12-22% of rapeseed dregs, 13.5-40.5% of rubber seedcake, 8-12% of wheat middling, 5-17% of wheat bran, 1-4% of soybean oil, 0.3-0.5% of soybean lecithin, 1.0-1.8% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.05-0.1% of vitamin C phosphate, 0.1-0.2% of choline chloride, 0.01-0.03% of ethyoxyl quinoline, 2-3% of zeolite powder, 0.2-0.4% of salt, 1-3% of bentonite, 0.5-1.0% of mineral substance gunk and 0.5-1.0% of vitamin premix, and the sum of the weight percentages of all raw materials is 100%. As the rubber seedcake is fully employed to be the protein raw material of the megalobrama amblycephala formula feed, the protein sources in shortage such as the bean pulp, the cottonseed meal and the rapeseed meal are saved, and the feed is free of harmful effect on megalobrama amblycephala; meanwhile the formula cost is lowered, the feed coefficients are reduced, high cost performance is achieved, and the culture benefits of megalobrama amblycephala are increased.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of megalobrama amblycephala mixed feed, is specifically related to application and the formula thereof of a kind of rubber seedcake in megalobrama amblycephala mixed feed, belongs to technical field of aquaculture.
Background technology
Along with the raising of people's living standard, people increase day by day to the demand of aquatic products.In recent years, China's aquatic products increment mainly comes from culture fishery, and current China aquaculture output has accounted for 72% of total output.Along with the development of culture fishery, the demand of mixed feed raw material is increasing.China is the country that protein resource is in short supply, and forage protein source is under-supply particularly outstanding, has 2,500 ten thousand tons of above protein raw materials breach every year.In recent years, the conventional protein raw materials market price continuous rises such as fish meal, dregs of beans, have greatly improved feed cost.
Rubber seedcake is containing crude protein 25～30%(essential amino acid balanced proportion), crude fat 10～15%(unsaturated fatty acid content reaches 82%, linoleic acid plus linolenic acid reaches more than 60%), be rich in the mineral elements such as calcium phosphorus, can consider the substitute using it as conventional protein raw materials.
In prior art, patent CN101194669A relates to the process of utilizing rubber seedcake (dregs of rice) to produce protein feed, but does not relate to ratio and the effect that rubber seedcake (dregs of rice) substitutes other protein raw materials; Patent CN101473889A relates to formula and the method for utilizing rubber seed to prepare protein feed raw material, but it is mainly to utilize rubber seed to prepare protein feed raw material, rather than directly rubber seed is used as protein feed.In view of various animals is to the tolerance of the contained ANFs of rubber seedcake and utilization ratio notable difference thereof, in existing formula, the given dosage as protein feed raw material preparation aquatic feeds is very unreasonable, cannot meet the needs of aquaculture.Therefore, necessary utilization ratio and the suitable using dosage thereof of probing into rubber seedcake in variety classes fish feed, fully to develop this good protein feed resource.
Especially, megalobrama amblycephala (Megalobrama amblycephala) is as one of large freshwater fish kind of China, and 2012 gross annual output amounts reach 67.79 ten thousand tons, is listed as the 7th in cultured fishes.At present, the main conventional protein raw materials of megalobrama amblycephala mixed feed mainly be take dregs of beans, rapeseed dregs, Cottonseed Meal, peanut meal and corn protein powder etc. as main (CN102524596B, CN101142970B).In recent years, the conventional protein raw materials price continuous rises such as dregs of beans, Cottonseed Meal, rapeseed dregs, have greatly improved feed cost, have reduced megalobrama amblycephala culture benefit.
Therefore, trying to explore to develop new protein sources to reduce conventional protein sources use amount, is to improve megalobrama amblycephala fanning economics, ensures a kind of effective way of freshwater aquaculture industry sustainable development.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the invention provides application and the formula thereof of a kind of rubber seedcake in megalobrama amblycephala mixed feed, in a rational scope, take full advantage of accessory substance-rubber seedcake of rubber seed processing, as the protein raw materials in megalobrama amblycephala feed, part replaces plant protein source, the protein sources in short supply such as dregs of beans, Cottonseed Meal and rapeseed dregs have been saved, mixed feed to the every physiological function of megalobrama amblycephala without obvious harmful effect, simultaneously, reduce formulation cost and feed coefficient, there is higher cost performance, improved megalobrama amblycephala culture benefit.
In order to realize foregoing invention object, the technical solution used in the present invention: the compound plant protein source that utilizes rubber seedcake partly to replace dregs of beans, Cottonseed Meal and rapeseed dregs composition makes an addition in megalobrama amblycephala mixed feed.
A kind of megalobrama amblycephala mixed feed that contains rubber seedcake comprises fish meal, dregs of beans, Cottonseed Meal, rapeseed dregs, rubber seedcake, inferior powder, wheat bran, soya-bean oil, soybean lecithin, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, vitamin C phosphoric ester, Choline Chloride, ethoxyquinoline, zeolite powder, salt, bentonite, mineral substance premix, vitamin premix, wherein the percentage by weight of various raw materials is: fish meal 3～6%, dregs of beans 7～12%, Cottonseed Meal 12～22%, rapeseed dregs 12～22%, rubber seedcake 13.5～40.5%, inferior powder 8～12%, wheat bran 5～17%, soya-bean oil 1～4%, soybean lecithin 0.3～0.5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.0～1.8%, vitamin C phosphoric ester 0.05～0.1%, Choline Chloride 0.1～0.2%, ethoxyquinoline 0.01～0.03%, zeolite powder 2～3%, salt 0.2～0.4%, bentonite 1～3%, mineral substance premix 0.5～1.0%, vitamin premix 0.5～1.0%, the percentage by weight sum of all raw materials is 100%.
As preferably, in described mixed feed, the percentage by weight of various raw materials is: fish meal 3～5%, dregs of beans 6～9%, Cottonseed Meal 12～15%, rapeseed dregs 12～15%, rubber seedcake 27～40.5%, inferior powder 8～12%, wheat bran 5～9%, soya-bean oil 1～2%, soybean lecithin 0.3～0.5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.0～1.8%, vitamin C phosphoric ester 0.05～0.1%, Choline Chloride 0.1～0.2%, ethoxyquinoline 0.01～0.03%, zeolite powder 2～3%, salt 0.2～0.4%, bentonite 1～3%, mineral substance premix 0.5～1.0%, vitamin premix 0.5～1.0%; The percentage by weight sum of all raw materials is 100%.
Fish meal in described mixed feed, inferior powder, soybean lecithin, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, vitamin C phosphoric ester, Choline Chloride, ethoxyquinoline, zeolite powder, salt, bentonite, mineral substance premix, vitamin premix add according to the proportioning of conventional feed.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention is in a rational scope, take full advantage of rubber seed processing byproduct-rubber seedcake, as the protein raw materials in megalobrama amblycephala feed, saved the protein sources in short supply such as dregs of beans, Cottonseed Meal and rapeseed dregs, mixed feed to the every physiological function of megalobrama amblycephala without obvious harmful effect.Meanwhile, reduce formulation cost and feed coefficient, there is higher cost performance, improved megalobrama amblycephala culture benefit.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further details, to facilitate the technical staff to understand.But the present invention is not limited to these embodiment.
Embodiment:
Using fish meal, dregs of beans, Cottonseed Meal, rapeseed dregs and rubber seedcake as forage protein source, and soya-bean oil and soybean lecithin, as fat source, according to conventional feed mix proportion scheme, have been prepared 5 kinds and have been waited the energy feeds (as shown in table 1) such as nitrogen.Wherein, in embodiment 1 feed, do not add rubber seedcake, as a control group; In embodiment 2～5 feeds, rubber seedcake addition is 13.5～54.0% compound plant protein sources that form with Substitution for Soybean Meal, rapeseed dregs and Cottonseed Meal.
Table 1, embodiment feed formula (% dry matter basis)
Note: mineral substance premix (g/kg): MgSO
47H
2o, 180; KI, 1; FeSO
4h
2o, 260; ZnSO
4h
2o, 180; CuSO
45H
2o, 25; Na
2se
2o
3, 0.01; MnSO
4h
2o, 180; CoCl
26H
2o, 0.75; Vitamin premix (g/kg): vitamin A, 2; Vitamin D
3, 0.03; Vitamin E, 30; Vitamin K, 3; Thiamine hydrochloride, 8; Riboflavin, 11; Puridoxine hydrochloride, 8; Cobastab
12, 0.02; Ascorbic acid, 50; Folic acid, 1; Biotin, 0.1; Nicotinic acid, 30; Calcium pantothenate, 32; Inositol, 25.
All feedstuffs are pulverized through pulverizer, and whole mistake 60 mesh sieves, all feedstuffs that crush are mixed other raw materials except soya-bean oil and soybean lecithin by table 1 feed formula, then soybean lecithin is first dissolved in soya-bean oil, mix with other batchings again, finally add again about 30% distilled water to make mash feed form hard group, be placed in pelleter and feed be squeezed into the strip of diameter 2.0mm, and be dried 12 hours in 40 ℃ of convection oven, make its moisture be down to 8% left and right.After testing, the nutritional labeling of various embodiments of the present invention feed formula is in Table 2.
Test be the same a collection of seed of artificial culture then with megalobrama amblycephala, and by this locality, certain plant provides.Before test, megalobrama amblycephala is first supported 2 weeks to adapt to breeding environment temporarily by commercial feed.Megalobrama amblycephala fasting 24h before on-test.Select size evenly (about 40g), athletic megalobrama amblycephala, Random assignment is in 15 breeding barrels (5 test processed group, every group of 3 repetitions), every barrel of 30 tail fishes.Every day, bait throwing in 2 times (07:00,18:00) sooner or later, reached the level of being satiated with food.Breeding water is the running water of aeration dechlorination, adopts circular flow water system, and the circulatory system adopts machinery and biological filter media, and with ultraviolet lamp disinfection, water flow velocity 30L/min.Test is carried out 10 weeks altogether, all adopts the continuous oxygenation of 24h during whole culture experiment, natural lighting, and water temperature remains at 18～23 ℃.
Table 2, embodiment feed nutrient
After culture experiment finishes, stop feeding 24h, weigh every barrel of fish body gross weight and record fish body number, calculate megalobrama amblycephala growth rate and survival rate.In addition, gather the tissue samples such as megalobrama amblycephala blood and liver, and analyze and measure protein metabolism and oxidation resistance index.The analytical test of each index all adopts the maturation method using in domestic and international research.All numerical value is all expressed as mean value ± standard error
adopt one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), when there is significant difference (P<0.05) between processed group, with Tukey ' s check, carry out multiple comparison analyse.
Table 3～6 have provided test data and result of the test.
Table 3, embodiment megalobrama amblycephala growth performance result
Note: the different alphabetical persons of colleague's shoulder motes, significant difference (P<0.05).
As shown in Table 3: the megalobrama amblycephala that uses embodiment 1～2 feed to feed, its end is heavy, body weight gains and daily gain coefficient there are no significant difference, and is significantly higher than the embodiment 5 feeds group of feeding; The megalobrama amblycephala that uses embodiment 2～4 feeds to feed, its end is heavy, body weight gains and daily gain coefficient there are no significant difference.The megalobrama amblycephala that uses embodiment 1～4 feed to feed, its feed coefficient and protein efficiency ratio, PER there was no significant difference; The megalobrama amblycephala that uses embodiment 1 feed to feed, its feed coefficient and protein efficiency ratio, PER are all significantly better than the embodiment 5 feeds group of feeding.As can be seen here: in mixed feed, add 13.5% rubber seedcake megalobrama amblycephala growth performance and feed efficiency are had no adverse effects; When additive capacity is 27.0～40.5%, megalobrama amblycephala growth performance is subject to some effects, but feed efficiency is had no significant effect; When additive capacity reaches 54%, megalobrama amblycephala growth performance and feed efficiency are all subject to obvious inhibition.
Table 4, embodiment megalobrama amblycephala plasma proteins related-metabolism index result
Note: the different alphabetical persons of colleague's shoulder motes, significant difference (P<0.05).
As shown in Table 4: the megalobrama amblycephala that uses embodiment 1～4 feed to feed, there are no significant difference that its blood plasma total protein and ammonia nitrogen level and gamma glutamyltransferase be active, but generally lower than the embodiment 5 feeds group of feeding; The megalobrama amblycephala that uses embodiment 1～5 feed to feed, its blood plasma total amino acid content and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminease and gpt activity there are no significant difference.As can be seen here: protein metabolism has no adverse effects to megalobrama amblycephala in feed, to add 13.5～40.5% rubber seedcakes; But when additive capacity reaches 54%, megalobrama amblycephala Protein utilization is subject to obvious inhibition.
Table 5, embodiment megalobrama amblycephala blood plasma and liver oxidation resistance index result
Note: the different alphabetical persons of colleague's shoulder motes, significant difference (P<0.05).
As shown in Table 5: the megalobrama amblycephala that uses embodiment 1～3 feed to feed, its peroxide plasma enzymatic activity is significantly higher than the embodiment 5 feeds group of feeding; The megalobrama amblycephala that uses embodiment 1～2 feed to feed, its blood plasma and CAT activity of liver are significantly higher than embodiment 4～5 feeds group of feeding; The megalobrama amblycephala that uses embodiment 1～5 feed to feed, its blood plasma and liver TAC and mda content there are no significant difference.As can be seen here: in megalobrama amblycephala feed, add 13.5～27% rubber seedcakes megalobrama amblycephala oxidation resistance is had no significant effect; But when additive capacity reaches 54%, megalobrama amblycephala oxidation resistance obviously declines.
In sum, in megalobrama amblycephala feed, add 13.5～40.5% rubber seedcakes megalobrama amblycephala protein metabolism index and feed efficiency are had no adverse effects, slightly reduced megalobrama amblycephala growth performance and oxidation resistance; But when additive capacity reaches 54%, the growth performance of megalobrama amblycephala, protein metabolism utilization rate and oxidation resistance etc. all obviously decline.
Rubber tree is the important industrial crops in torrid areas, and except providing raw material of industry natural rubber, its seed also can be used as the source of industry and edible oil, and after shelling oil expression, remaining grouts can be used as protein feed raw material.A large amount of rubber seeds of the annual output in China rubber plantation, but for a long time, except on a small quantity for breeding and the preliminary working of seed oil, more than 90% be not utilized effectively and rotten in the ground.In recent years, along with the breakthrough of rubber seed industrialization process technology, favourable promotion the comprehensive development and utilization of rubber seed.
Table 6, embodiment 1-5 feed cost are analyzed
Note: feed price is according to price calculation, and wherein dregs of beans is 4200 yuan/ton, 3100 yuan/ton of Cottonseed Meals, 2800 yuan/ton of rapeseed dregs, 2200 yuan/ton of rubber seedcakes.
As shown in Table 6: when in megalobrama amblycephala feed, rubber seedcake additive capacity is 13.5%, per kilogram megalobrama amblycephala increases weight required feed cost higher than not adding 0.34 yuan of rubber seedcake group; When in megalobrama amblycephala feed, rubber seedcake additive capacity is 27.0～40.5%, 0.04～0.35 yuan of feed cost is saved in the weightening finish of per kilogram megalobrama amblycephala; But when in megalobrama amblycephala feed, rubber seedcake additive capacity is 54%, per kilogram megalobrama amblycephala weightening finish feed cost increases by 0.14 yuan on the contrary.As can be seen here: using culture benefit as with reference to foundation, in megalobrama amblycephala feed, rubber seedcake additive capacity is 27.0～40.5% comparatively suitable.
Consider the impact of rubber seedcake additive capacity on megalobrama amblycephala physiological function and culture benefit in megalobrama amblycephala feed, in megalobrama amblycephala feed during rubber seedcake additive capacity 27.0～40.5%, for best proportioning, neither can produce larger harmful effect to megalobrama amblycephala growth performance, can realize the maximization of culture benefit again simultaneously.
There are the ground such as Hainan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Fujian in China's natural rubber producing region, mainly concentrates on Hainan, Yunnan and Guangdong.2012, China's natural rubber cultivated area occupied the 4th, the world, and annual production occupies the 6th, the world.According to Association of Natural Rubber Producing Countries (ANRPC) statistics, 1,665 ten thousand mu of left and right of Natural Rubber Industry in China cultivated area in 2012, wherein Yunnan is approximately 8,200,000 mu, approximately 7,700,000 mu, Hainan, approximately 680,000 mu, Guangdong, approximately 70,000 mu, other areas.2012, China opened 9,600,000 mu, rubber tapping garden, opens rubber tapping garden produce 50 kilograms of calculating of seed by every mu, can gather in the crops every year 480000 tons of seeds, after shelling oil expression, can produce 120,000 tons of rubber seedcakes.
China is the country that feed protein resource is in short supply, has 2,500 ten thousand tons of above protein raw materials breach every year.The exploitation in development of new forage protein source is to solve one of critical path of feed protein resource deficiency with application.
The present invention is in a rational scope, take full advantage of rubber seed processing byproduct-rubber seedcake, as the protein raw materials in megalobrama amblycephala feed, part replace plant protein source, saved the protein sources in short supply such as dregs of beans, Cottonseed Meal and rapeseed dregs, feed to the every physiological function of megalobrama amblycephala without obvious harmful effect, simultaneously, reduce formulation cost and feed coefficient, there is higher cost performance, improved megalobrama amblycephala culture benefit.
The content that the present invention describes by embodiment, without departing from the present invention, can also carry out various conversion and be equal to replacement patent of the present invention, therefore, patent of the present invention is not limited to disclosed specific implementation process, and should comprise the whole embodiments that fall within the scope of Patent right requirement of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. the application of rubber seedcake in megalobrama amblycephala mixed feed, is characterized in that: the compound plant protein source that utilizes rubber seedcake partly to replace dregs of beans, Cottonseed Meal and rapeseed dregs composition makes an addition in megalobrama amblycephala mixed feed, described mixed feed comprises fish meal, dregs of beans, Cottonseed Meal, rapeseed dregs, rubber seedcake, inferior powder, wheat bran, soya-bean oil, soybean lecithin, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, vitamin C phosphoric ester, Choline Chloride, ethoxyquinoline, zeolite powder, salt, bentonite, mineral substance premix, vitamin premix, wherein the percentage by weight of various raw materials is: fish meal 3～6%, dregs of beans 7～12%, Cottonseed Meal 12～22%, rapeseed dregs 12～22%, rubber seedcake 13.5～40.5%, inferior powder 8～12%, wheat bran 5～17%, soya-bean oil 1～4%, soybean lecithin 0.3～0.5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.0～1.8%, vitamin C phosphoric ester 0.05～0.1%, Choline Chloride 0.1～0.2%, ethoxyquinoline 0.01～0.03%, zeolite powder 2～3%, salt 0.2～0.4%, bentonite 1～3%, mineral substance premix 0.5～1.0%, vitamin premix 0.5～1.0%, the percentage by weight sum of all raw materials is 100%.
2. the rubber seedcake application in megalobrama amblycephala mixed feed, it is characterized in that: described mixed feed comprises fish meal, dregs of beans, Cottonseed Meal, rapeseed dregs, rubber seedcake, inferior powder, wheat bran, soya-bean oil, soybean lecithin, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, vitamin C phosphoric ester, Choline Chloride, ethoxyquinoline, zeolite powder, salt, bentonite, mineral substance premix, vitamin premix, wherein the percentage by weight of various raw materials is: fish meal 3～5%, dregs of beans 6～9%, Cottonseed Meal 12～15%, rapeseed dregs 12～15%, rubber seedcake 27～40.5%, inferior powder 8～12%, wheat bran 5～9%, soya-bean oil 1～2%, soybean lecithin 0.3～0.5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.0～1.8%, vitamin C phosphoric ester 0.05～0.1%, Choline Chloride 0.1～0.2%, ethoxyquinoline 0.01～0.03%, zeolite powder 2～3%, salt 0.2～0.4%, bentonite 1～3%, mineral substance premix 0.5～1.0%, vitamin premix 0.5～1.0%, the percentage by weight sum of all raw materials is 100%.
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| CN104171552B (en) * | 2014-07-10 | 2016-04-27 | 常州海大生物饲料有限公司 | A kind of megalobrama amblycephala crucian polyculture compound feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN104222665A (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2014-12-24 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Summer flower compound feed in ideal protein amino acid mode for megalobrama amblycephala as well as preparation method and application of compound feed |
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|---|---|
| CN103300223A (en) | 2013-09-18 |
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