CN103300223A - Application of rubber seedcake in megalobrama amblycephala formula feed and formula of megalobrama amblycephala formula feed - Google Patents
Application of rubber seedcake in megalobrama amblycephala formula feed and formula of megalobrama amblycephala formula feed Download PDFInfo
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- CN103300223A CN103300223A CN201310268481XA CN201310268481A CN103300223A CN 103300223 A CN103300223 A CN 103300223A CN 201310268481X A CN201310268481X A CN 201310268481XA CN 201310268481 A CN201310268481 A CN 201310268481A CN 103300223 A CN103300223 A CN 103300223A
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- megalobrama amblycephala
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- dregs
- rubber seedcake
- rubber
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- JLPULHDHAOZNQI-ZTIMHPMXSA-N 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC JLPULHDHAOZNQI-ZTIMHPMXSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an application of rubber seedcake in a megalobrama amblycephala formula feed and a formula of the megalobrama amblycephala formula feed, belonging to the technical field of aquaculture. Rubber seedcake partially takes the place of a composite plant protein source formed by bean pulp, cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal and is added into the megalobrama amblycephala formula feed, The formula feed comprises the following raw materials by weight percent: 3-6% of fish meal, 7-12% of bean pulp, 12-22% of cottonseed meal, 12-22% of rapeseed dregs, 13.5-40.5% of rubber seedcake, 8-12% of wheat middling, 5-17% of wheat bran, 1-4% of soybean oil, 0.3-0.5% of soybean lecithin, 1.0-1.8% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.05-0.1% of vitamin C phosphate, 0.1-0.2% of choline chloride, 0.01-0.03% of ethyoxyl quinoline, 2-3% of zeolite powder, 0.2-0.4% of salt, 1-3% of bentonite, 0.5-1.0% of mineral substance gunk and 0.5-1.0% of vitamin premix, and the sum of the weight percentages of all raw materials is 100%. As the rubber seedcake is fully employed to be the protein raw material of the megalobrama amblycephala formula feed, the protein sources in shortage such as the bean pulp, the cottonseed meal and the rapeseed meal are saved, and the feed is free of harmful effect on megalobrama amblycephala; meanwhile the formula cost is lowered, the feed coefficients are reduced, high cost performance is achieved, and the culture benefits of megalobrama amblycephala are increased.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of megalobrama amblycephala mixed feed, is specifically related to application and the prescription thereof of a kind of rubber seedcake in the megalobrama amblycephala mixed feed, belongs to technical field of aquaculture.
Background technology
Along with the raising of people's living standard, people increase day by day to the demand of aquatic products.In recent years, China's aquatic products increment mainly comes from culture fishery, and current China aquaculture output has accounted for 72% of total output.Along with the development of culture fishery, the demand of mixed feed raw material is increasing.China is protein resource country in short supply, and the forage protein source is under-supply particularly outstanding, the annual protein raw materials breach that has more than 2,500 ten thousand tons.In recent years, conventional protein raw materials market price continuous rises such as fish meal, dregs of beans have greatly improved feed cost.
Rubber seedcake contains crude protein 25～30%(essential amino acid balanced proportion), crude fat 10～15%(unsaturated fatty acid content reaches 82%, linoleic acid plus linolenic acid reaches more than 60%), be rich in mineral elements such as calcium phosphorus, can consider its substitute as conventional protein raw materials.
In the prior art, patent CN101194669A relates to the process of utilizing rubber seedcake (dregs of rice) to produce protein feed, but does not relate to ratio and the effect that rubber seedcake (dregs of rice) substitutes other protein raw materials; Patent CN101473889A relates to prescription and the method for utilizing rubber seed benevolence to prepare the protein feed raw material, but it mainly is to utilize rubber seed benevolence to prepare the protein feed raw material, rather than directly rubber seed benevolence is used as protein feed.In view of tolerance and the utilization ratio notable difference thereof of various animals to the contained ANFs of rubber seedcake, given dosage as protein feed raw material preparation aquatic feeds is very unreasonable in the existing prescription, can't satisfy the needs of aquaculture.Therefore, necessary utilization ratio and the suitable using dosage thereof of probing into rubber seedcake in the variety classes fish feed is with this good protein feed resource of abundant development and use.
Especially, megalobrama amblycephala (Megalobrama amblycephala) is as one of large freshwater fish kind of China, and 2012 gross annual output amounts reach 67.79 ten thousand tons, is listed as the 7th in cultured fishes.At present, the main conventional protein raw materials of megalobrama amblycephala mixed feed is mainly based on (CN102524596B, CN101142970B) such as dregs of beans, rapeseed dregs, the cottonseed dregs of rice, peanut meal and corn protein powders.In recent years, conventional protein raw materials price continuous rises such as dregs of beans, the cottonseed dregs of rice, rapeseed dregs have greatly improved feed cost, have reduced the megalobrama amblycephala culture benefit.
Therefore, trying to explore to develop the novel protein source to reduce conventional protein sources use amount, is to improve megalobrama amblycephala culturing economic benefit, ensures a kind of effective way of freshwater aquaculture industry sustainable development.
Summary of the invention
At the problems referred to above, the invention provides application and the prescription thereof of a kind of rubber seedcake in the megalobrama amblycephala mixed feed, in a reasonable range, taken full advantage of the accessory substance-rubber seedcake of rubber seed processing, as the protein raw materials in the megalobrama amblycephala feed, part replaces plant protein source, protein sources in short supply such as dregs of beans, the cottonseed dregs of rice and rapeseed dregs have been saved, mixed feed does not have obvious harmful effect to the every physiological function of megalobrama amblycephala, simultaneously, reduce formulation cost and feed coefficient, have high cost performance, improved the megalobrama amblycephala culture benefit.
In order to realize the foregoing invention purpose, the technical solution used in the present invention: the compound plant protein source that utilizes rubber seedcake partly to replace dregs of beans, the cottonseed dregs of rice and rapeseed dregs composition makes an addition in the megalobrama amblycephala mixed feed.
A kind of megalobrama amblycephala mixed feed that contains rubber seedcake comprises fish meal, dregs of beans, the cottonseed dregs of rice, rapeseed dregs, rubber seedcake, inferior powder, wheat bran, soya-bean oil, soybean lecithin, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, vitamin C phosphoric ester, Choline Chloride, ethoxyquinoline, zeolite powder, salt, bentonite, mineral substance premix, vitamin premix, wherein the percentage by weight of various raw materials is: fish meal 3～6%, dregs of beans 7～12%, the cottonseed dregs of rice 12～22%, rapeseed dregs 12～22%, rubber seedcake 13.5～40.5%, inferior powder 8～12%, wheat bran 5～17%, soya-bean oil 1～4%, soybean lecithin 0.3～0.5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.0～1.8%, vitamin C phosphoric ester 0.05～0.1%, Choline Chloride 0.1～0.2%, ethoxyquinoline 0.01～0.03%, zeolite powder 2～3%, salt 0.2～0.4%, bentonite 1～3%, mineral substance premix 0.5～1.0%, vitamin premix 0.5～1.0%; The percentage by weight sum of all raw materials is 100%.
As preferably, the percentage by weight of various raw materials is in the described mixed feed: fish meal 3～5%, dregs of beans 6～9%, the cottonseed dregs of rice 12～15%, rapeseed dregs 12～15%, rubber seedcake 27～40.5%, inferior powder 8～12%, wheat bran 5～9%, soya-bean oil 1～2%, soybean lecithin 0.3～0.5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.0～1.8%, vitamin C phosphoric ester 0.05～0.1%, Choline Chloride 0.1～0.2%, ethoxyquinoline 0.01～0.03%, zeolite powder 2～3%, salt 0.2～0.4%, bentonite 1～3%, mineral substance premix 0.5～1.0%, vitamin premix 0.5～1.0%; The percentage by weight sum of all raw materials is 100%.
Fish meal in the described mixed feed, inferior powder, soybean lecithin, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, vitamin C phosphoric ester, Choline Chloride, ethoxyquinoline, zeolite powder, salt, bentonite, mineral substance premix, vitamin premix add according to the proportioning of conventional feed.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention is in a reasonable range, taken full advantage of rubber seed processing byproduct-rubber seedcake, as the protein raw materials in the megalobrama amblycephala feed, saved protein sources in short supply such as dregs of beans, the cottonseed dregs of rice and rapeseed dregs, mixed feed does not have obvious harmful effect to the every physiological function of megalobrama amblycephala.Simultaneously, reduce formulation cost and feed coefficient, had high cost performance, improved the megalobrama amblycephala culture benefit.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further details, understand to make things convenient for the technical staff.But the present invention is not limited to these embodiment.
Embodiment:
As the forage protein source, soya-bean oil and soybean lecithin according to the conventional feed mix proportion scheme, have been prepared 5 kinds of energy feeds (as shown in table 1) such as nitrogen such as grade as fat source with fish meal, dregs of beans, the cottonseed dregs of rice, rapeseed dregs and rubber seedcake.Wherein, do not add rubber seedcake in embodiment 1 feed, in contrast group; Rubber seedcake addition is 13.5～54.0% compound plant protein sources with alternative dregs of beans, rapeseed dregs and cottonseed dregs of rice composition in embodiment 2～5 feeds.
Table 1, embodiment feed formula (% dry matter basis)
Annotate: mineral substance premix (g/kg): MgSO
47H
2O, 180; KI, 1; FeSO
4H
2O, 260; ZnSO
4H
2O, 180; CuSO
45H
2O, 25; Na
2Se
2O
3, 0.01; MnSO
4H
2O, 180; CoCl
26H
2O, 0.75; Vitamin premix (g/kg): vitamin A, 2; Vitamin D
3, 0.03; Vitamin E, 30; Vitamin K, 3; Thiamine hydrochloride, 8; Riboflavin, 11; Puridoxine hydrochloride, 8; Cobastab
12, 0.02; Ascorbic acid, 50; Folic acid, 1; Biotin, 0.1; Nicotinic acid, 30; Calcium pantothenate, 32; Inositol, 25.
All feedstuffs are pulverized through pulverizer, and whole mistake 60 mesh sieves, all feedstuffs that crush are mixed other raw materials except soya-bean oil and soybean lecithin by table 1 feed formula, be dissolved in soybean lecithin in the soya-bean oil earlier then, even with other batch mixes again, adding about 30% distilled water at last again makes mash feed form hard group, place pelleter feed to be squeezed into the strip of diameter 2.0mm, and in 40 ℃ of convection oven dry 12 hours, its moisture is down to about 8%.After testing, the nutritional labeling of various embodiments of the present invention feed formula sees Table 2.
Test be the same a collection of seed of artificial culture then with megalobrama amblycephala, and certain plant provides by this locality.Before the test, megalobrama amblycephala supported for 2 weeks to adapt to breeding environment temporarily with commercial feed earlier.Megalobrama amblycephala fasting 24h before on-test.Select size evenly (about 40g), athletic megalobrama amblycephala, Random assignment is cultured bucket (5 test processed group, every group of 3 repetitions), every barrel of 30 tail fishes in 15.2 times (07:00 18:00), reaches the level of being satiated with food to the every day of bait throwing in sooner or later.Breeding water is the running water of aeration dechlorination, adopts the circular flow water system, and the circulatory system adopts machinery and biological filter media, and sterilizes water flow velocity 30L/min with uviol lamp.Test was carried out for 10 weeks altogether, all adopted the continuous oxygenation of 24h during the whole culture experiment, natural lighting, and water temperature remains at 18～23 ℃.
Table 2, embodiment feed nutrient
Culture experiment stops feeding 24h after finishing, and weighing every barrel of fish body gross weight also records fish body number, calculates megalobrama amblycephala growth rate and survival rate.In addition, gather tissue samples such as megalobrama amblycephala blood and liver, and assay determination protein metabolism and oxidation resistance index.The analytical test of each index all adopts the maturation method that uses in the domestic and international research.All numerical value all are expressed as mean value ± standard error
Adopt one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), when having significant difference (P＜0.05) between the processed group, use Tukey ' s check to carry out multiple comparative analysis.
Table 3～6 have provided test data and result of the test.
Table 3, embodiment megalobrama amblycephala growth performance result
Annotate: the different alphabetical persons of colleague's shoulder motes, significant difference (P＜0.05).
As shown in Table 3: the megalobrama amblycephala that uses embodiment 1～2 feed to feed, its end is heavy, body weight gains and daily gain coefficient there are no significant difference, and is significantly higher than the embodiment 5 feeds group of feeding; The megalobrama amblycephala that uses embodiment 2～4 feeds to feed, its end is heavy, body weight gains and daily gain coefficient there are no significant difference.The megalobrama amblycephala that uses embodiment 1～4 feed to feed, its feed coefficient and protein efficiency ratio, PER there was no significant difference; The megalobrama amblycephala that uses embodiment 1 feed to feed, its feed coefficient and protein efficiency ratio, PER all significantly are better than the embodiment 5 feeds group of feeding.This shows: add 13.5% rubber seedcake in the mixed feed megalobrama amblycephala growth performance and feed efficiency are had no adverse effects; When additive capacity was 27.0～40.5%, the megalobrama amblycephala growth performance was subjected to some effects, but feed efficiency is not had obvious influence; When additive capacity reached 54%, megalobrama amblycephala growth performance and feed efficiency all were subjected to obvious suppression.
Table 4, embodiment megalobrama amblycephala plasma proteins metabolism index of correlation result
Annotate: the different alphabetical persons of colleague's shoulder motes, significant difference (P＜0.05).
As shown in Table 4: the megalobrama amblycephala that uses embodiment 1～4 feed to feed, there are no significant difference that its blood plasma total protein and ammonia nitrogen level and gamma glutamyltransferase be active, but generally be lower than the embodiment 5 feeds group of feeding; The megalobrama amblycephala that uses embodiment 1～5 feed to feed, its blood plasma total amino acid content and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminease and gpt activity there are no significant difference.This shows: protein metabolism has no adverse effects to megalobrama amblycephala to add 13.5～40.5% rubber seedcakes in the feed; But when additive capacity reached 54%, megalobrama amblycephala protein utilization efficient was subjected to obvious inhibition.
Table 5, embodiment megalobrama amblycephala blood plasma and liver oxidation resistance index result
Annotate: the different alphabetical persons of colleague's shoulder motes, significant difference (P＜0.05).
As shown in Table 5: the megalobrama amblycephala that uses embodiment 1～3 feed to feed, its peroxide plasma enzymatic activity are significantly higher than the embodiment 5 feeds group of feeding; The megalobrama amblycephala that uses embodiment 1～2 feed to feed, its blood plasma and liver catalase activity are significantly higher than embodiment 4～5 feeds group of feeding; The megalobrama amblycephala that uses embodiment 1～5 feed to feed, its blood plasma and liver TAC and mda content there are no significant difference.This shows: adding 13.5～27% rubber seedcakes in the megalobrama amblycephala feed does not have obvious influence to the megalobrama amblycephala oxidation resistance; But when additive capacity reached 54%, the megalobrama amblycephala oxidation resistance obviously descended.
In sum, add 13.5～40.5% rubber seedcakes in the megalobrama amblycephala feed megalobrama amblycephala protein metabolism index and feed efficiency are had no adverse effects, slightly reduced megalobrama amblycephala growth performance and oxidation resistance; But when additive capacity reached 54%, the growth performance of megalobrama amblycephala, protein metabolism utilization rate and oxidation resistance etc. all obviously descended.
Rubber tree is the important industrial crops in torrid areas, and except raw material of industry natural rubber was provided, its seed also can be used as the source of industry and edible oil, and the remaining grouts in shelling oil expression back can be used as the protein feed raw material.A large amount of rubber seeds of the annual output in China rubber plantation, but for a long time, be used for breeding and the preliminary working of seed oil except a small amount of are not utilized effectively more than 90% and rot in the ground.In recent years, along with the breakthrough of rubber seed industrialization process technology, favourable promotion the comprehensive development and utilization of rubber seed.
Table 6, embodiment 1-5 feed cost are analyzed
Annotate: feed price calculates according to quotation, and wherein dregs of beans is 4200 yuan/ton, 3100 yuan/ton of the cottonseed dregs of rice, 2800 yuan/ton of rapeseed dregs, 2200 yuan/ton of rubber seedcakes.
As shown in Table 6: rubber seedcake additive capacity is 13.5% o'clock in the megalobrama amblycephala feed, and the per kilogram megalobrama amblycephala required feed cost that increases weight is higher than and does not add 0.34 yuan of rubber seedcake group; Rubber seedcake additive capacity is 27.0～40.5% o'clock in the megalobrama amblycephala feed, and 0.04～0.35 yuan of feed cost is saved in the weightening finish of per kilogram megalobrama amblycephala; But rubber seedcake additive capacity is 54% o'clock in the megalobrama amblycephala feed, and per kilogram megalobrama amblycephala weightening finish feed cost increases by 0.14 yuan on the contrary.This shows: as the reference foundation, rubber seedcake additive capacity is 27.0～40.5% comparatively suitable in the megalobrama amblycephala feed with culture benefit.
Take all factors into consideration in the megalobrama amblycephala feed rubber seedcake additive capacity to the influence of megalobrama amblycephala physiological function and culture benefit, when rubber seedcake additive capacity in the megalobrama amblycephala feed 27.0～40.5%, be best proportioning, neither can produce big harmful effect to the megalobrama amblycephala growth performance, can realize the maximization of culture benefit simultaneously again.
There are ground such as Hainan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Fujian in China natural rubber producing region, mainly concentrates on Hainan, Yunnan and Guangdong.2012, China's natural rubber cultivated area occupied the 4th in the world, and annual production occupies the 6th in the world.According to Association of Natural Rubber Producing Countries (ANRPC) statistics, Chinese natural rubber cultivated area was about 1,665 ten thousand mu in 2012, and wherein Yunnan is about 8,200,000 mu, about 7,700,000 mu of Hainan, about 680,000 mu of Guangdong, about 70,000 mu of other areas.2012, China opened 9,600,000 mu in rubber tapping garden, opened the rubber tapping garden by every mu and produced 50 kilograms of calculating of seed, can gather in the crops 480,000 tons of seeds every year, can produce 120,000 tons of rubber seedcakes after the shelling oil expression.
China is feed protein resource country in short supply, the annual protein raw materials breach that has more than 2,500 ten thousand tons.The exploitation in development of new forage protein source is one of critical path that solves the feed protein resource deficiency with using.
The present invention is in a reasonable range, taken full advantage of rubber seed processing byproduct-rubber seedcake, as the protein raw materials in the megalobrama amblycephala feed, part replaces plant protein source, has saved protein sources in short supply such as dregs of beans, the cottonseed dregs of rice and rapeseed dregs, and feed does not have obvious harmful effect to the every physiological function of megalobrama amblycephala, simultaneously, reduce formulation cost and feed coefficient, had high cost performance, improved the megalobrama amblycephala culture benefit.
The content that the present invention describes by embodiment, without departing from the present invention, can also carry out various conversion and be equal to replacement patent of the present invention, therefore, patent of the present invention is not limited to disclosed specific implementation process, and should comprise the whole embodiments that fall in the Patent right requirement scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. the application of rubber seedcake in the megalobrama amblycephala mixed feed is characterized in that: the compound plant protein source that utilizes rubber seedcake partly to replace dregs of beans, the cottonseed dregs of rice and rapeseed dregs composition makes an addition in the megalobrama amblycephala mixed feed.
2. megalobrama amblycephala mixed feed that contains rubber seedcake, it is characterized in that: described mixed feed comprises fish meal, dregs of beans, the cottonseed dregs of rice, rapeseed dregs, rubber seedcake, inferior powder, wheat bran, soya-bean oil, soybean lecithin, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, vitamin C phosphoric ester, Choline Chloride, ethoxyquinoline, zeolite powder, salt, bentonite, mineral substance premix, vitamin premix, wherein the percentage by weight of various raw materials is: fish meal 3～6%, dregs of beans 7～12%, the cottonseed dregs of rice 12～22%, rapeseed dregs 12～22%, rubber seedcake 13.5～40.5%, inferior powder 8～12%, wheat bran 5～17%, soya-bean oil 1～4%, soybean lecithin 0.3～0.5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.0～1.8%, vitamin C phosphoric ester 0.05～0.1%, Choline Chloride 0.1～0.2%, ethoxyquinoline 0.01～0.03%, zeolite powder 2～3%, salt 0.2～0.4%, bentonite 1～3%, mineral substance premix 0.5～1.0%, vitamin premix 0.5～1.0%; The percentage by weight sum of all raw materials is 100%.
3. a kind of megalobrama amblycephala mixed feed that contains rubber seedcake according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described mixed feed comprises fish meal, dregs of beans, the cottonseed dregs of rice, rapeseed dregs, rubber seedcake, inferior powder, wheat bran, soya-bean oil, soybean lecithin, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, vitamin C phosphoric ester, Choline Chloride, ethoxyquinoline, zeolite powder, salt, bentonite, mineral substance premix, vitamin premix, wherein the percentage by weight of various raw materials is: fish meal 3～5%, dregs of beans 6～9%, the cottonseed dregs of rice 12～15%, rapeseed dregs 12～15%, rubber seedcake 27～40.5%, inferior powder 8～12%, wheat bran 5～9%, soya-bean oil 1～2%, soybean lecithin 0.3～0.5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.0～1.8%, vitamin C phosphoric ester 0.05～0.1%, Choline Chloride 0.1～0.2%, ethoxyquinoline 0.01～0.03%, zeolite powder 2～3%, salt 0.2～0.4%, bentonite 1～3%, mineral substance premix 0.5～1.0%, vitamin premix 0.5～1.0%; The percentage by weight sum of all raw materials is 100%.
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