CN112293615A - Overwintering feed for golden pomfret and preparation and culture method thereof - Google Patents
Overwintering feed for golden pomfret and preparation and culture method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- JLPULHDHAOZNQI-ZTIMHPMXSA-N 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC JLPULHDHAOZNQI-ZTIMHPMXSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000001763 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
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- 102000013142 Amylases Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
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- 235000013965 Lactobacillus plantarum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021380 Manganese Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Manganese chloride Chemical compound Cl[Mn]Cl GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
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- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N all-trans-retinol Chemical compound OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
Abstract
The invention provides a golden pomfret overwintering feed and a preparation and culture method thereof, wherein the overwintering feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 16-20 parts of fish meal, 30-40 parts of composite fermented protein powder, 6-12 parts of corn protein powder, 3-8 parts of shrimp base powder, 4-6 parts of corn oil, 2-4 parts of soybean lecithin, 2-5 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.5-1 part of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2-0.5 part of choline chloride, 0.5-1 part of betaine, 1-2 parts of wild jujube powder, 0.05-0.2 part of lophatherum herb extract, 0.05-0.15 part of curcumin, 0.5-0.8 part of composite vitamin premix, 0.3-0.6 part of composite mineral and 0.2-0.8 part of composite enzyme preparation; the overwintering feed disclosed by the invention can be more suitable for autumn and winter cultivation of golden pomfret, and can enhance the overwintering capability of the golden pomfret by combining a reasonable and effective cultivation method, so that the growth quality and the survival rate of the golden pomfret cultivated in winter are remarkably improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a golden pomfret overwintering feed and a preparation method and a culture method thereof.
Background
The scientific name of golden pompano is ovate pompano, which is one of the famous and high-grade edible seawater fish, the meat quality and taste are delicious, and the large-scale and intensive deep-sea cage culture process is gradually formed at present. However, as the golden pomfret belongs to the warm water medium-upper layer fish, which is generally suitable for being bred at the temperature of more than 23 ℃, the golden pomfret is often easily influenced by low-temperature climate in the process of large-scale cage culture, the overwintering capacity is low, the food intake is small, the problems of low growth speed, low immunity, low survival rate and the like of the fish are caused, the overwintering fish body is thin, and the economic and efficient breeding of the golden pomfret in winter on scale is difficult to meet. Therefore, the overwintering feed suitable for autumn and winter cultivation of the golden pomfret and the corresponding more reasonable and effective cultivation method are provided, so that the overwintering capability of the golden pomfret is enhanced, the growth quality and the survival rate are effectively ensured, and an important technical basis is provided for promoting the development of the winter cultivation process of the golden pomfret.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a golden pomfret overwintering feed and a preparation and culture method thereof.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention provides a golden pomfret overwintering feed which comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 16-20 parts of fish meal, 30-40 parts of composite fermented protein powder, 6-12 parts of corn protein powder, 3-8 parts of shrimp base powder, 4-6 parts of corn oil, 2-4 parts of soybean lecithin, 2-5 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.5-1 part of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2-0.5 part of choline chloride, 0.5-1 part of betaine, 1-2 parts of wild jujube powder, 0.05-0.2 part of lophatherum gracile extract, 0.05-0.15 part of curcumin, 0.5-0.8 part of composite vitamin premix, 0.3-0.6 part of composite mineral and 0.2-0.8 part of composite enzyme preparation. The overwintering feed for golden pomfret provided by the invention is characterized in that on the basis of providing sufficient application components for overwintering fries, a certain amount of wild jujube powder and Shizhu extract are added to be combined and matched with betaine, so that the palatability of the feed is favorably improved, the ingestion of the fries is better promoted, the ingestion rate is improved, and meanwhile, the cold stress resistance and the resistance to pathogenic bacteria of the fries can be enhanced by utilizing the vitamins rich in the wild jujube powder and the Shizhu extract rich in changan, saccharides and vitamin A, C; meanwhile, the stability of the feed is prepared by combining the carboxymethyl cellulose, the choline chloride and the curcumin are combined to adjust the metabolism and the conversion of fat, and the physique and the disease resistance of the fry are enhanced, so that the scientific combination of various raw material components is realized, and the overwintering feed more suitable for the autumn and winter cultivation of the golden pomfret is obtained.
Further, the composite fermented protein powder is prepared by mixing 10-30 wt% (5-8 wt%) of soybean meal, 5-8 wt% (1-3 wt%) of puffed rice bran and 1-3 wt% of pineapple peel residue, adding 0.5-1 wt% of candida utilis and 1-3 wt% of lactobacillus plantarum, performing solid state fermentation at 32-35 ℃ for 5-7 days, and cooling and drying.
Compared with the conventional fermented protein, the invention adopts the soybean meal, the puffed rice bran and the pineapple peel to mix and ferment in a certain proportion, so that the obtained composite fermented protein can fully release the micromolecule protein and has high nutrient elements, and the nutritive value is more comprehensive and balanced.
Further explaining, the weight ratio of the fish meal, the compound fermented protein powder and the corn protein powder is 18: 35: 9.
further, the Shizhu bamboo leaf extract is prepared by mixing Shizhu bamboo leaves and water according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1: 100-150 g/ml, heating and boiling, soaking at 50-60 ℃ for 5-6 h, filtering, and concentrating under reduced pressure.
Further, the compound enzyme preparation is formed by mixing at least more than three of protease, beta-glucanase, amylase, phytase, acid xylanase and beta-mannase.
Further, the composite mineral comprises 8-10 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 1-3 parts of ferrous sulfate, 5-6 parts of sodium chloride, 0.8-1 part of copper sulfate, 0.1-0.5 part of zinc sulfate, 0.1-0.3 part of manganese chloride, 0.5-0.8 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.05-0.08 part of potassium dihydrogen sulfate and 0.06-0.08 part of cobalt chloride.
Further explaining, the beverage comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 18 parts of fish meal, 35 parts of composite fermented protein powder, 8 parts of corn protein powder, 5.5 parts of shrimp base powder, 5 parts of corn oil, 3 parts of soybean lecithin, 1.5 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.8 part of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.35 part of choline chloride, 0.75 part of betaine, 1.5 parts of wild jujube powder, 0.15 part of Shizhu extractum, 0.1 part of curcumin, 0.65 part of composite vitamin premix, 0.45 part of composite mineral and 0.5 part of composite enzyme preparation.
A preparation method of a golden pomfret overwintering feed comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing materials: according to the raw material components, coarsely crushing fish meal, composite fermented protein powder, corn protein powder, shrimp base powder, wild jujube powder and Shizhu extractum, sieving by a 40-80-mesh sieve, adding carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, choline chloride, betaine, curcumin, a composite vitamin premix and a composite mineral substance, mixing, performing superfine crushing, and sieving by a 100-120-mesh sieve to obtain a premix;
(2) adding the complex enzyme preparation into the premix, uniformly stirring and mixing at 500-700 r/min, adding corn oil and soybean lecithin, and performing modulation and granulation;
(3) and (3) drying in a drying box at 40-45 ℃, cooling and packaging to obtain the overwintering feed for golden pomfret.
A method for breeding golden pomfret by using the overwintering feed for golden pomfret comprises the following steps:
(1) stocking specification: selecting golden pomfret fries with the body length of more than or equal to 11.5cm in the middle ten days of 11 months, and transferring the golden pomfret fries into a seawater net cage for culture, wherein the culture density is 30-40 fries/cubic meter of water body;
(2) feeding management: feeding 3 times a day by adopting overwintering feed and conventional compound feed according to the mass ratio of 2:1 in the first 5 weeks of the initial stage of seawater cage culture, wherein the daily feeding amount is 4-6% of the weight of fries, then feeding 3 times a day by adopting overwintering feed and minced fish according to the mass ratio of 5:1, until the overwintering is finished, normally feeding 3 times a day by adopting conventional compound feed and fresh trash fish according to the mass ratio of 2:1 when the water temperature rises to above 20 ℃, wherein the daily feeding amount is 11-13% of the weight of fries, and waiting for the length of the golden pomfret to reach the standard of entering the market of more than or equal to 600 g.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, by reasonably blending the fish meal, the compound fermented protein powder and the corn protein powder and adding a certain amount of the shrimp base powder, the corn oil and the soybean lecithin, on the basis of providing sufficient application components for overwintering fries, a certain amount of wild jujube powder and a certain amount of the Shizhu extract are added, so that the palatability of the feed is improved, the wild jujube powder and the Shizhu extract are matched, the ingestion of the fries can be better promoted, the ingestion rate is improved, and the cold stress resistance and the resistance to pathogenic bacteria of the fries can be enhanced by utilizing the abundant vitamins of the wild jujube powder and the Shizhu which are rich in saponin, sugar and vitamin A, C; meanwhile, the stability of the feed is prepared by combining the carboxymethylcellulose, the choline chloride and the curcumin are combined to adjust the metabolism and the conversion of fat, and the physique and the disease resistance of the fry are enhanced, so that the scientific combination of various raw material components is achieved, and the more reasonable and scientific feeding management during the wintering period of the wintering feed is combined, so that the winter growth and development of the golden pomfret fry are greatly promoted, the wintering capability is enhanced, the wintering survival rate and the wintering growth quality of the fry are improved, and the winter efficient culture of the golden pomfret is realized.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the invention, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the invention.
The experimental methods used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The materials, reagents and the like used in the examples of the present invention can be obtained commercially without specific description.
Embodiment 1-a overwintering feed for golden pomfret, which comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 16 parts of fish meal, 30 parts of composite fermented protein powder, 6 parts of corn protein powder, 3 parts of shrimp base powder, 4 parts of corn oil, 2 parts of soybean lecithin, 1 part of carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.5 part of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2 part of choline chloride, 0.5 part of betaine, 1 part of wild jujube powder, 0.05 part of Shizhu extract, 0.05 part of curcumin, 0.5 part of composite vitamin premix, 0.3 part of composite mineral and 0.2 part of composite enzyme preparation.
The composite fermented protein powder is prepared by mixing soybean meal, puffed rice bran and pineapple peel residue in a mass ratio of 10:5:1, adding 0.5 wt% of Candida utilis and 1 wt% of lactobacillus plantarum based on the weight of fermentation raw materials, performing solid state fermentation for 5 days at 32 ℃, and cooling and drying;
the herba Shibatae leaf extract is prepared by mixing herba Shibatae leaf and water according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:100g/ml, heating to boil, soaking at 50 ℃ for 5h, filtering, and concentrating under reduced pressure;
the compound enzyme preparation is formed by mixing protease, amylase, phytase, beta-mannase and the like in a mass ratio;
the compound mineral substance comprises 8 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 1 part of ferrous sulfate, 5 parts of sodium chloride, 0.8 part of copper sulfate, 0.1 part of zinc sulfate, 0.1 part of manganese chloride, 0.5 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.05 part of potassium dihydrogen sulfate and 0.06 part of cobalt chloride.
Embodiment 2-a overwintering feed for golden pomfret, which comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 20 parts of fish meal, 40 parts of composite fermented protein powder, 12 parts of corn protein powder, 8 parts of shrimp base powder, 6 parts of corn oil, 4 parts of soybean lecithin, 2 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 1 part of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5 part of choline chloride, 1 part of betaine, 2 parts of wild jujube powder, 0.2 part of Shizhu extractum, 0.15 part of curcumin, 0.8 part of composite vitamin premix, 0.6 part of composite mineral and 0.8 part of composite enzyme preparation.
The composite fermented protein powder is prepared by mixing soybean meal, puffed rice bran and pineapple peel residue in a mass ratio of 30:8:3, adding 1% of Candida utilis and 3% of lactobacillus plantarum based on the weight of fermentation raw materials, performing solid state fermentation for 7 days at 35 ℃, and cooling and drying;
the herba Shibatae leaf extract is prepared by mixing herba Shibatae leaf and water according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:150g/ml, heating and boiling, soaking at 60 ℃ for 6h, filtering, and concentrating under reduced pressure;
the compound enzyme preparation is formed by mixing protease, beta-glucanase, amylase, phytase, acidic xylanase, beta-mannase and the like in a mass ratio;
the compound mineral substance comprises 10 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 3 parts of ferrous sulfate, 6 parts of sodium chloride, 1 part of copper sulfate, 0.5 part of zinc sulfate, 0.3 part of manganese chloride, 0.8 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.08 part of potassium dihydrogen sulfate and 0.08 part of cobalt chloride.
Embodiment 3-a overwintering feed for golden pomfret, which comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 18 parts of fish meal, 35 parts of composite fermented protein powder, 9 parts of corn protein powder, 5.5 parts of shrimp base powder, 5 parts of corn oil, 3 parts of soybean lecithin, 1.5 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.8 part of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.35 part of choline chloride, 0.75 part of betaine, 1.5 parts of wild jujube powder, 0.15 part of Shizhu extractum, 0.1 part of curcumin, 0.65 part of composite vitamin premix, 0.45 part of composite mineral and 0.5 part of composite enzyme preparation.
The composite fermented protein powder is prepared by mixing soybean meal, puffed rice bran and pineapple peel residue in a mass ratio of 20:6.5:2, adding 0.85 wt% of Candida utilis and 5 wt% of lactobacillus plantarum based on the weight of fermentation raw materials, performing solid state fermentation for 6 days at 33 ℃, and cooling and drying;
the herba Shibatae leaf extract is prepared by mixing herba Shibatae leaf and water according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:125g/ml, heating and boiling, soaking at 55 ℃ for 6h, filtering, and concentrating under reduced pressure;
the compound enzyme preparation is formed by mixing protease, beta-glucanase, amylase, phytase, acidic xylanase, beta-mannase and the like in a mass ratio;
the compound mineral substance comprises 9 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 2 parts of ferrous sulfate, 5.5 parts of sodium chloride, 0.9 part of copper sulfate, 0.3 part of zinc sulfate, 0.2 part of manganese chloride, 0.65 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.06 part of potassium dihydrogen sulfate and 0.07 part of cobalt chloride.
Comparative example 1-overwintering feed for golden pomfret according to example 3, with the difference that: the composite fermented protein powder is replaced by fermented soybean meal, the fermented soybean meal is prepared by inoculating 0.85 wt% of fermentation raw materials including candida utilis and 5 wt% of plant lactobacillus, performing solid state fermentation at 33 ℃ for 6 days, and cooling and drying.
Comparative example 2-overwintering feed for golden pomfret according to example 3, with the difference that: the weight ratio of the fish meal, the compound fermented protein powder and the corn protein powder is as follows: 10: 35: 9.
comparative example 3-overwintering feed for golden pomfret according to example 3, with the difference that: it does not contain herba Lophatheri extract.
Comparative example 4-overwintering feed for golden pomfret according to example 3, with the difference that: the content of the herba lophatheri extract is 0.01 part.
Comparative example 5-overwintering feed for golden pomfret according to example 3, with the difference that: the content of wild jujube powder and Shizhu extract is 3 portions of wild jujube powder and 0.01 portion of Shizhu extract.
The preparation method of the overwintering feed for golden pomfret of the embodiments 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-5 comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing materials: according to the raw material components, coarsely crushing fish meal, composite fermented protein powder, corn protein powder, shrimp base powder, wild jujube powder and Shizhu extractum, sieving by a 60-mesh sieve, adding carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, choline chloride, betaine, curcumin, a composite vitamin premix and a composite mineral substance, mixing, performing superfine crushing, and sieving by a 110-mesh sieve to obtain a premix;
(2) adding the complex enzyme preparation into the premix, stirring and mixing uniformly at 600r/min, adding corn oil and soybean lecithin, and performing modulation and granulation;
(3) drying in a 43 ℃ drying box, cooling and packaging to obtain the overwintering feed for golden pomfret.
The overwintering feed for golden pomfret prepared according to the above examples and comparative examples is used as experimental groups 1-3 and comparative groups 1-5, the overwintering feed is replaced by a conventional compound feed for the golden pomfret sold in the market and fed, and the culture and feeding experiments of the golden pomfret are respectively carried out according to the following culture method.
(1) Stocking specification: selecting golden pomfret fry with the body length of more than or equal to 11.5cm in 11-month middle ten days of Zhanjiang city in Guangdong, and transferring into a seawater cage culture with the culture density of 35 tails per cubic meter of water body;
(2) feeding management: in the first 5 weeks of the initial stage of seawater cage culture, feeding 3 times a day by adopting an overwintering feed and a conventional compound feed according to a mass ratio of 2:1, wherein the daily feeding amount is 5% of the weight of fries, then feeding 3 times a day by adopting an overwintering feed and minced fillet according to a mass ratio of 5:1, wherein the daily feeding amount is 9% of the weight of the fries until the overwintering is finished, when the water temperature is increased to more than 20 ℃, normally feeding the fries by adopting a conventional compound feed and fresh trash fish according to a mass ratio of 2:1, feeding 3 times a day, wherein the daily feeding amount is 12% of the weight of the fries, counting the growth condition and survival quantity of the fries of the golden pomfret fries after being fed for 4 months before and after overwintering, and counting the results are shown in the following table:
as can be seen from the above table, the overwintering feed prepared by the invention has the advantages that the growth quality and the survival rate of the golden pomfret are obviously improved and the morbidity is reduced when the golden pomfret is cultured in winter, so that the overwintering feed disclosed by the invention can be better suitable for culturing the golden pomfret in autumn and winter, the overwintering capability of the golden pomfret is enhanced, and the growth quality and the survival rate of fries are effectively ensured.
Compared with the example 3, the survival rate of the fries in the comparative groups 3-5 is obviously reduced, and the morbidity is obviously improved, while the average body weight of the fries in the comparative groups 1-2 is obviously reduced compared with the example 3, and the mortality and the morbidity are also increased, which are caused by the reduction of immunity due to the insufficient nutritional ingredients, therefore, the invention combines the test results to show that the invention provides sufficient application ingredients for overwintering fries by reasonably blending the fish meal, the compound fermented protein powder and the corn protein powder and adding a certain amount of the shrimp base powder, the corn oil and the soybean lecithin, and simultaneously, the invention is favorable for improving the palatability of feed by adding a certain amount of the combination of the wild jujube powder and the shiba extract, can better promote the ingestion of the fries and improve the ingestion rate, and can enhance the cold stress resistance and the resistance to pathogenic bacteria of the fries, therefore, the growth and development of the golden pomfret fry in winter are effectively promoted, the overwintering capability is enhanced, the overwintering survival rate and the growth quality of the fry are improved, and the efficient culture of the golden pomfret in winter is realized.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. The overwintering feed for golden pomfret is characterized in that: the composite material comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 16-20 parts of fish meal, 30-40 parts of composite fermented protein powder, 6-12 parts of corn protein powder, 3-8 parts of shrimp base powder, 4-6 parts of corn oil, 2-4 parts of soybean lecithin, 2-5 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.5-1 part of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2-0.5 part of choline chloride, 0.5-1 part of betaine, 1-2 parts of wild jujube powder, 0.05-0.2 part of lophatherum gracile extract, 0.05-0.15 part of curcumin, 0.5-0.8 part of composite vitamin premix, 0.3-0.6 part of composite mineral and 0.2-0.8 part of composite enzyme preparation.
2. The overwintering feed for golden pomfret as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the composite fermented protein powder is prepared by mixing 10-30 wt% (5-8 wt%) of soybean meal, 5-8 wt% (1-3 wt%) of puffed rice bran and 1-3 wt% of pineapple peel residue, adding 0.5-1 wt% of Candida utilis and 1-3 wt% of Lactobacillus plantarum into fermentation raw materials, performing solid state fermentation at 32-35 ℃ for 5-7 days, and cooling and drying.
3. The overwintering feed for golden pomfret as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the weight ratio of the fish meal, the compound fermented protein powder and the corn protein powder is 18: 35: 9.
4. the overwintering feed for golden pomfret as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the herba Shibatae leaf extract is prepared by mixing herba Shibatae leaves and water according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1: 100-150 g/ml, heating and boiling, soaking at 50-60 ℃ for 5-6 h, filtering, and concentrating under reduced pressure.
5. The overwintering feed for golden pomfret as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the compound enzyme preparation is formed by mixing at least three of protease, beta-glucanase, amylase, phytase, acid xylanase and beta-mannase.
6. The overwintering feed for golden pomfret as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the composite mineral comprises 8-10 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 1-3 parts of ferrous sulfate, 5-6 parts of sodium chloride, 0.8-1 part of copper sulfate, 0.1-0.5 part of zinc sulfate, 0.1-0.3 part of manganese chloride, 0.5-0.8 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.05-0.08 part of potassium dihydrogen sulfate and 0.06-0.08 part of cobalt chloride.
7. The overwintering feed for golden pomfret as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the composite material comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 18 parts of fish meal, 35 parts of composite fermented protein powder, 8 parts of corn protein powder, 5.5 parts of shrimp base powder, 5 parts of corn oil, 3 parts of soybean lecithin, 1.5 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.8 part of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.35 part of choline chloride, 0.75 part of betaine, 1.5 parts of wild jujube powder, 0.15 part of Shizhu extractum, 0.1 part of curcumin, 0.65 part of composite vitamin premix, 0.45 part of composite mineral and 0.5 part of composite enzyme preparation.
8. A preparation method of the overwintering feed for golden pomfret as claimed in claims 1-7, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing materials: according to the raw material components, coarsely crushing fish meal, composite fermented protein powder, corn protein powder, shrimp base powder, wild jujube powder and Shizhu extractum, sieving by a 40-80-mesh sieve, adding carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, choline chloride, betaine, curcumin, a composite vitamin premix and a composite mineral substance, mixing, performing superfine crushing, and sieving by a 100-120-mesh sieve to obtain a premix;
(2) adding the complex enzyme preparation into the premix, uniformly stirring and mixing at 500-700 r/min, adding corn oil and soybean lecithin, and performing modulation and granulation;
(3) and (3) drying in a drying box at 40-45 ℃, cooling and packaging to obtain the overwintering feed for golden pomfret.
9. A method for breeding golden pomfret by using the overwintering feed for golden pomfret as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) stocking specification: selecting golden pomfret fries with the body length of more than or equal to 11.5cm in the middle ten days of 11 months, and transferring the golden pomfret fries into a seawater net cage for culture, wherein the culture density is 30-40 fries/cubic meter of water body;
(2) feeding management: feeding 3 times a day by adopting overwintering feed and conventional compound feed according to the mass ratio of 2:1 in the first 5 weeks of the initial stage of seawater cage culture, wherein the daily feeding amount is 4-6% of the weight of fries, then feeding 3 times a day by adopting overwintering feed and minced fish according to the mass ratio of 5:1, until the overwintering is finished, normally feeding 3 times a day by adopting conventional compound feed and fresh trash fish according to the mass ratio of 2:1 when the water temperature rises to above 20 ℃, wherein the daily feeding amount is 11-13% of the weight of fries, and waiting for the length of the golden pomfret to reach the standard of entering the market of more than or equal to 600 g.
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