CN112617055A - Red swamp crayfish fish meal-free compound feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Red swamp crayfish fish meal-free compound feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/24—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from blood
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/189—Enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention provides a red-swamp crayfish compound feed and a preparation method thereof, and the red-swamp crayfish compound feed comprises 14-23% of soybean meal, 8-11% of peanut bran, 6-10% of corn protein powder, 5-9% of rapeseed meal, 5-10% of cuttlefish powder, 4-8% of blood meal, 4-7% of shrimp shell powder, 3-6% of beer yeast, 1-3% of earthworm powder, 3-6% of sucrose, 6-9% of corn starch, 6-9% of high gluten flour, 0.1-0.2% of sodium chloride, 1.0-2.0% of compound vitamin, 0.5-1.5% of compound mineral, 0.5-1.5% of choline chloride, 1.0-2.0% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2-0.6% of lysine, 0.2-0.8% of methionine, 0.9-1.95% of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 1.0-2.0% of immunopotentiator, 1.0-3.0% of phagostimulant, 0% of complex enzyme, 2.0-3.0% of soybean. The nutrition is comprehensive and balanced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture feed, and particularly relates to a red swamp crayfish fish meal-free compound feed and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Red crayfish, commonly known as australian crayfish, is native to the northern region of australia and the streams in the southern part of new-guinea. The trial culture is firstly carried out in 1992 in China, but the large-scale popularization and culture of the prawns are restricted due to low emergence rate, high price of the prawns and the like, and the aquaculture industry of China is gradually faded out under the hot tide of the culture of the prawns. In recent years, because of frequent diseases of prawns and low prawn culture rate in China, part of farmers begin to seek new culture varieties with prospects for prawn culture, and the red-swamp crayfish has high meat yield, delicious taste, strong adaptability and high selling price, and is newly subjected to aquaculture market.
At present, the artificial breeding of the red swamp crayfish is still in a primary stage, special artificial compound feed is lacked, and a part of farmers use melons and fruits such as pumpkins for feeding, so that the nutrition is obviously lacked, the growth is slow, the breeding period is long, and the yield is low; in addition, a part of farmers select compound feed of other shrimps such as the Penaeus vannamei Boone and the like, so the cost is higher, the compound feed obviously does not meet the nutritional and physiological requirements of the red-swamp crayfish, the feed coefficient is higher, and the waste is caused; on the other hand, as the breeding environment worsens more and more seriously, the bred aquatic animals are easy to suffer from the stress action of various toxic substances, so that the problems of slow growth, low yield, reduced immunity and disease resistance, easy disease outbreak and the like are caused, therefore, the used compound feed is added with a proper immunopotentiator aiming at specific species, the immunity and stress resistance of the aquatic animals are improved from the aspect of nutrition, and the probability of disease occurrence is reduced, so that the medicine consumption is reduced, the ecological breeding is realized step by step, the safe and high-quality bred aquatic products are produced, and the compound feed has important significance for the environmental protection and the healthy and sustainable development of the aquaculture industry.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a red swamp crayfish fish meal-free compound feed and a preparation method thereof, wherein the feed has comprehensive and balanced nutrition and can meet the growth and immunity requirements of the red swamp crayfish on various nutrients.
The invention provides a red swamp crayfish fish meal-free compound feed which comprises the following components in parts by mass:
14-23% of soybean meal, 8-11% of peanut bran, 6-10% of corn protein powder, 5-9% of rapeseed meal, 5-10% of cuttlefish powder, 4-8% of blood meal, 4-7% of shrimp shell powder, 3-6% of beer yeast, 1-3% of earthworm powder, 3-6% of sucrose, 6-9% of corn starch, 6-9% of high-gluten flour, 0.1-0.2% of sodium chloride, 1.0-2.0% of compound vitamin, 0.5-1.5% of compound mineral, 0.5-1.5% of choline chloride, 1.0-2.0% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2-0.6% of lysine, 0.2-0.8% of methionine, 0.9-1.95% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 1.0-2.0% of immunopotentiator, 1.0-3.0% of phagostimulant, 0.05-0.1% of compound enzyme, 2.0-3.0% of soybean oil and 2.0% of peanut oil.
In the invention, each 100g of the compound vitamin contains 12000IU of vitamin A, 5000IU of vitamin D, 2000IU of vitamin E, 10000mg of vitamin C polyphosphate, 100mg of vitamin B1, 600mg of vitamin B2, 400mg of vitamin B6, 0.2mg of vitamin B12, 150mg of vitamin K, 25mg of folic acid, 4mg of biotin, 8000mg of inositol, 700mg of calcium pantothenate, 1500mg of nicotinic acid and the balance of corncob meal.
The compound mineral contains 2193.0mg ZnSO per 100g4·7H2O，37.6mg Na2SeO3，392.2mg CuSO4·5H2O，4975.1mg FeSO4·7H2O，1538.5mg MnSO4·H2O，211.0mg CoSO4·7H2O，20.3mg Ca(IO3)2·7H2O, and the balance of shell powder.
Every 100g of the immunopotentiator contains 35g of marine red yeast powder, 20g of marine chlorella powder, 15g of sargassum polysaccharide, 15g of photosynthetic bacteria powder, 10g of sodium alginate and 5g of laminaria powder.
Every 100g of the phagostimulant contains 10g of glycine, 5g of alanine, 15g of sodium glutamate, 40g of DMPT and 30g of houttuynia cordata.
Every 100g of the complex enzyme contains 30g of cellulase, 35g of neutral protease, 15g of phytase, 10g of mannase and 10g of xylanase.
In a specific embodiment, the red swamp crayfish fish meal-free compound feed comprises the following components in parts by mass:
23% of soybean meal, 10% of peanut bran, 8% of corn protein powder, 5% of rapeseed meal, 5% of cuttle-bone powder, 8% of blood meal, 4% of shrimp shell meal, 3% of beer yeast, 1% of earthworm powder, 3% of sucrose, 6% of corn starch, 9% of high gluten flour, 0.2% of sodium chloride, 2.0% of compound vitamin, 1.0% of compound mineral, 0.5% of choline chloride, 1.5% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2% of lysine, 0.6% of methionine, 0.9% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 1.0% of immunopotentiator, 3.0% of phagostimulant, 0.1% of complex enzyme, 2.0% of soybean oil and 2.0;
or comprises 20 percent of soybean meal, 11 percent of peanut bran, 10 percent of corn protein powder, 6 percent of rapeseed meal, 6 percent of cuttle-bone powder, 4 percent of blood meal, 5 percent of shrimp shell powder, 4 percent of beer yeast, 1 percent of earthworm powder, 4 percent of cane sugar, 7 percent of corn starch, 7 percent of high gluten flour, 0.1 percent of sodium chloride, 1.5 percent of compound vitamin, 1.0 percent of compound mineral substance, 0.5 percent of choline chloride, 1.5 percent of monocalcium phosphate, 0.4 percent of lysine, 0.5 percent of methionine, 0.92 percent of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 1.5 percent of immunopotentiator, 2.0 percent of phagostimulant, 0.08 percent of compound enzyme, 2.5 percent of soybean oil and 2;
or comprises 18 percent of soybean meal, 8 percent of peanut bran, 6 percent of corn protein powder, 8 percent of rapeseed meal, 8 percent of cuttle-bone powder, 4 percent of blood meal, 6 percent of shrimp shell powder, 5 percent of beer yeast, 2 percent of earthworm powder, 5 percent of cane sugar, 9 percent of corn starch, 6 percent of high gluten flour, 0.1 percent of sodium chloride, 1.0 percent of compound vitamin, 1.0 percent of compound mineral, 1.5 percent of choline chloride, 1.0 percent of monocalcium phosphate, 0.5 percent of lysine, 0.4 percent of methionine, 1.44 percent of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 2.0 percent of immunopotentiator, 1.0 percent of phagostimulant, 0.06 percent of compound enzyme, 3.0 percent of soybean oil and 2..
Or comprises 14 percent of soybean meal, 9 percent of peanut bran, 6 percent of corn protein powder, 9 percent of rapeseed meal, 10 percent of cuttlefish powder, 4 percent of blood meal, 7 percent of shrimp shell powder, 6 percent of beer yeast, 3 percent of earthworm powder, 6 percent of cane sugar, 6 percent of corn starch, 6 percent of high gluten flour, 0.1 percent of sodium chloride, 1.0 percent of compound vitamin, 1.5 percent of compound mineral substance, 0.5 percent of choline chloride, 1.0 percent of monocalcium phosphate, 0.6 percent of lysine, 0.2 percent of methionine, 1.95 percent of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 1.0 percent of immunopotentiator, 1.0 percent of phagostimulant, 0.05 percent of compound enzyme, 2.0 percent of soybean oil and 3..
In specific embodiments, the composition of the multivitamins is: each 100g of the compound vitamin contains 12000IU vitamin A, 5000IU vitamin D, 2000IU vitamin E, 10000mg vitamin C polyphosphate and 100mg vitamin B1600mg vitamin B2400mg of vitamin B60.2mg vitamin B12150mg vitamin K, 25mFolic acid, 4mg biotin, 8000mg inositol, 700mg calcium pantothenate, 1500mg nicotinic acid, and the balance corncob meal.
The composition of the composite mineral is as follows: the compound mineral contains 2193.0mg ZnSO per 100g4·7H2O，37.6mg Na2SeO3，392.2mg CuSO4·5H2O，4975.1mg FeSO4·7H2O，1538.5mg MnSO4·H2O，211.0mg CoSO4·7H2O，20.3mg Ca(IO3)2·7H2O, and the balance of shell powder.
The immunopotentiator comprises the following components: every 100g of the immunopotentiator contains 35g of marine red yeast powder, 20g of marine chlorella powder, 15g of sargassum polysaccharide, 15g of photosynthetic bacteria powder, 10g of sodium alginate and 5g of laminaria powder.
The phagostimulant comprises the following components: every 100g of the phagostimulant contains 10g of glycine, 5g of alanine, 15g of sodium glutamate, 40g of DMPT and 30g of houttuynia cordata.
The compound enzyme comprises the following components: every 100g of the complex enzyme contains 30g of cellulase, 35g of neutral protease, 15g of phytase, 10g of mannase and 10g of xylanase.
In specific embodiments of the present invention, the content of lysine is 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.5%, or 0.6%;
the content of methionine is 0.6%, 0.5%, 0.4% or 0.2%;
the content of the phagostimulant is 3.0%, 2.0% or 1.0%;
the immunopotentiator is present in an amount of 1.0%, 1.5%, or 2.0%.
The invention provides a preparation method of a red swamp crayfish fish meal-free compound feed in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
crushing and mixing bean pulp, peanut bran, corn gluten meal, rapeseed meal, cuttlefish powder, blood meal, shrimp shell powder, beer yeast, earthworm powder and cane sugar to obtain premix 1;
mixing corn starch, high gluten flour and a compound enzyme to obtain a premix 2;
crushing and mixing sodium chloride, compound vitamins, compound mineral substances, choline chloride, monocalcium phosphate, lysine, methionine, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, an immunopotentiator and a phagostimulant to obtain premix 3;
mixing premix 1, premix 2 and premix 3 to obtain solid premix;
and mixing the soybean oil and the peanut oil with the solid premix, uniformly stirring, adding water accounting for 15-30% of the total mass of the feed, uniformly stirring, pressing and drying to obtain the red-swamp crayfish fish meal-free compound feed.
The invention preferably presses into granulated feed; preferably drying or air drying at 40-50 ℃.
In the invention, all raw materials needing to be crushed are crushed and sieved by a 80-mesh sieve.
The compound feed for the red swamp crayfish provided by the invention has comprehensive and balanced nutrition, can meet the growth and immune requirements of the red swamp crayfish on various nutrients, adopts the plant protein to replace the fish meal, thereby reducing the feed cost and avoiding the limitation of the fish meal, wherein the added lysine and methionine supplement the amino acid deficiency of the plant protein, the added compound vitamin and compound mineral supplement the deficiency of the vitamin and mineral, the added immunopotentiator can obviously improve the immunity, disease resistance and environmental stress resistance of the red swamp crayfish, the added phagostimulant can obviously improve the palatability of the feed, and the added compound enzyme improves the utilization rate of the plant protein source and the anti-nutritional factor for decomposing the plant protein source.
Detailed Description
To further illustrate the present invention, the following examples are provided to describe a non-fish meal compound feed for red swamp crayfish and the preparation method thereof in detail, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1: the red swamp crayfish fish meal-free compound feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
23% of soybean meal, 10% of peanut bran, 8% of corn protein powder, 5% of rapeseed meal, 5% of cuttle-bone powder, 8% of blood meal, 4% of shrimp shell meal, 3% of beer yeast, 1% of earthworm powder, 3% of sucrose, 6% of corn starch, 9% of high gluten flour, 0.2% of sodium chloride, 2.0% of compound vitamin, 1.0% of compound mineral, 0.5% of choline chloride, 1.5% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2% of lysine, 0.6% of methionine, 0.9% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 1.0% of immunopotentiator, 3.0% of phagostimulant, 0.1% of complex enzyme, 2.0% of soybean oil and 2.0.
The composition of the compound vitamin is as follows: each 100g of the compound vitamin contains 12000IU vitamin A, 5000IU vitamin D, 2000IU vitamin E, 10000mg vitamin C polyphosphate and 100mg vitamin B1600mg vitamin B2400mg of vitamin B60.2mg vitamin B12150mg vitamin K, 25mg folic acid, 4mg biotin, 8000mg inositol, 700mg calcium pantothenate, 1500mg nicotinic acid, and the balance of corncob meal.
The composition of the composite mineral is as follows: the compound mineral contains 2193.0mg ZnSO per 100g4·7H2O，37.6mg Na2SeO3，392.2mg CuSO4·5H2O，4975.1mg FeSO4·7H2O，1538.5mg MnSO4·H2O，211.0mg CoSO4·7H2O，20.3mg Ca(IO3)2·7H2O, and the balance of shell powder.
The immunopotentiator comprises the following components: every 100g of the immunopotentiator contains 35g of marine red yeast powder, 20g of marine chlorella powder, 15g of sargassum polysaccharide, 15g of photosynthetic bacteria powder, 10g of sodium alginate and 5g of laminaria powder.
The phagostimulant comprises the following components: every 100g of the phagostimulant contains 10g of glycine, 5g of alanine, 15g of sodium glutamate, 40g of DMPT and 30g of houttuynia cordata.
The compound enzyme comprises the following components: every 100g of the complex enzyme contains 30g of cellulase, 35g of neutral protease, 15g of phytase, 10g of mannase and 10g of xylanase.
Example 2: the red swamp crayfish fish meal-free compound feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
20% of soybean meal, 11% of peanut bran, 10% of corn protein powder, 6% of rapeseed meal, 6% of cuttle-bone powder, 4% of blood meal, 5% of shrimp shell powder, 4% of beer yeast, 1% of earthworm powder, 4% of sucrose, 7% of corn starch, 7% of high gluten flour, 0.1% of sodium chloride, 1.5% of compound vitamin, 1.0% of compound mineral, 0.5% of choline chloride, 1.5% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.4% of lysine, 0.5% of methionine, 0.92% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 1.5% of immunopotentiator, 2.0% of phagostimulant, 0.08% of compound enzyme, 2.5% of soybean oil and 2.5.
The composition of the compound vitamin is as follows: each 100g of the compound vitamin contains 12000IU vitamin A, 5000IU vitamin D, 2000IU vitamin E, 10000mg vitamin C polyphosphate and 100mg vitamin B1600mg vitamin B2400mg of vitamin B60.2mg vitamin B12150mg vitamin K, 25mg folic acid, 4mg biotin, 8000mg inositol, 700mg calcium pantothenate, 1500mg nicotinic acid, and the balance of corncob meal.
The composition of the composite mineral is as follows: the compound mineral contains 2193.0mg ZnSO per 100g4·7H2O，37.6mg Na2SeO3，392.2mg CuSO4·5H2O，4975.1mg FeSO4·7H2O，1538.5mg MnSO4·H2O，211.0mg CoSO4·7H2O，20.3mg Ca(IO3)2·7H2O, and the balance of shell powder.
The immunopotentiator comprises the following components: every 100g of the immunopotentiator contains 35g of marine red yeast powder, 20g of marine chlorella powder, 15g of sargassum polysaccharide, 15g of photosynthetic bacteria powder, 10g of sodium alginate and 5g of laminaria powder.
The phagostimulant comprises the following components: every 100g of the phagostimulant contains 10g of glycine, 5g of alanine, 15g of sodium glutamate, 40g of DMPT and 30g of houttuynia cordata.
The compound enzyme comprises the following components: every 100g of the complex enzyme contains 30g of cellulase, 35g of neutral protease, 15g of phytase, 10g of mannase and 10g of xylanase.
Example 3: the red swamp crayfish fish meal-free compound feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
18% of soybean meal, 8% of peanut bran, 6% of corn protein powder, 8% of rapeseed meal, 8% of cuttle-bone powder, 4% of blood meal, 6% of shrimp shell meal, 5% of beer yeast, 2% of earthworm powder, 5% of sucrose, 9% of corn starch, 6% of high gluten flour, 0.1% of sodium chloride, 1.0% of compound vitamin, 1.0% of compound mineral, 1.5% of choline chloride, 1.0% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.5% of lysine, 0.4% of methionine, 1.44% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 2.0% of immunopotentiator, 1.0% of phagostimulant, 0.06% of complex enzyme, 3.0% of soybean oil and 2.0.
The composition of the compound vitamin is as follows: each 100g of the compound vitamin contains 12000IU vitamin A, 5000IU vitamin D, 2000IU vitamin E, 10000mg vitamin C polyphosphate and 100mg vitamin B1600mg vitamin B2400mg of vitamin B60.2mg vitamin B12150mg vitamin K, 25mg folic acid, 4mg biotin, 8000mg inositol, 700mg calcium pantothenate, 1500mg nicotinic acid, and the balance of corncob meal.
The composition of the composite mineral is as follows: the compound mineral contains 2193.0mg ZnSO per 100g4·7H2O，37.6mg Na2SeO3，392.2mg CuSO4·5H2O，4975.1mg FeSO4·7H2O，1538.5mg MnSO4·H2O，211.0mg CoSO4·7H2O，20.3mg Ca(IO3)2·7H2O, and the balance of shell powder.
The immunopotentiator comprises the following components: every 100g of the immunopotentiator contains 35g of marine red yeast powder, 20g of marine chlorella powder, 15g of sargassum polysaccharide, 15g of photosynthetic bacteria powder, 10g of sodium alginate and 5g of laminaria powder.
The phagostimulant comprises the following components: every 100g of the phagostimulant contains 10g of glycine, 5g of alanine, 15g of sodium glutamate, 40g of DMPT and 30g of houttuynia cordata.
The compound enzyme comprises the following components: every 100g of the complex enzyme contains 30g of cellulase, 35g of neutral protease, 15g of phytase, 10g of mannase and 10g of xylanase.
Example 4: the red swamp crayfish fish meal-free compound feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
14% of soybean meal, 9% of peanut bran, 6% of corn protein powder, 9% of rapeseed meal, 10% of cuttle-bone powder, 4% of blood meal, 7% of shrimp shell meal, 6% of beer yeast, 3% of earthworm powder, 6% of sucrose, 6% of corn starch, 6% of high gluten flour, 0.1% of sodium chloride, 1.0% of compound vitamin, 1.5% of compound mineral, 0.5% of choline chloride, 1.0% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.6% of lysine, 0.2% of methionine, 1.95% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 1.0% of immunopotentiator, 1.0% of phagostimulant, 0.05% of complex enzyme, 2.0% of soybean oil and 3.0.
The composition of the compound vitamin is as follows: each 100g of the compound vitamin contains 12000IU vitamin A, 5000IU vitamin D, 2000IU vitamin E, 10000mg vitamin C polyphosphate and 100mg vitamin B1600mg vitamin B2400mg of vitamin B60.2mg vitamin B12150mg vitamin K, 25mg folic acid, 4mg biotin, 8000mg inositol, 700mg calcium pantothenate, 1500mg nicotinic acid, and the balance of corncob meal.
The composition of the composite mineral is as follows: the compound mineral contains 2193.0mg ZnSO per 100g4·7H2O，37.6mg Na2SeO3，392.2mg CuSO4·5H2O，4975.1mg FeSO4·7H2O，1538.5mg MnSO4·H2O，211.0mg CoSO4·7H2O，20.3mg Ca(IO3)2·7H2O, and the balance of shell powder.
The immunopotentiator comprises the following components: every 100g of the immunopotentiator contains 35g of marine red yeast powder, 20g of marine chlorella powder, 15g of sargassum polysaccharide, 15g of photosynthetic bacteria powder, 10g of sodium alginate and 5g of laminaria powder.
The phagostimulant comprises the following components: every 100g of the phagostimulant contains 10g of glycine, 5g of alanine, 15g of sodium glutamate, 40g of DMPT and 30g of houttuynia cordata.
The compound enzyme comprises the following components: every 100g of the complex enzyme contains 30g of cellulase, 35g of neutral protease, 15g of phytase, 10g of mannase and 10g of xylanase.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 differs from example 1 in that: the comparative example does not contain a phagostimulant and is replaced by sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 differs from example 1 in that: this comparative example contained no lysine and methionine, and sodium carboxymethylcellulose was used instead.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 differs from example 1 in that: the comparative example contained no immunopotentiator and replaced sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
Comparative example 4
The feed prepared by the method of example 1 in the feed for the red crayfish disclosed in patent CN 201810036567.2.
Comparative example 5
Commercial crayfish feed.
The compound feeds of examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-5 are prepared according to the method, and according to the breeding method: young red crayfish with intact appendages, healthy, no disease and during the period of moulting are selected for breeding experiments and randomly divided into 9 groups of 3 replicates each with 30 shrimp replicates each. The culture test is carried out in net cages of an indoor circulating filtration culture system, the specification of each net cage is 100cm multiplied by 100cm, the water level height is 70cm, and 30 PVC pipes are placed at the bottom of each culture cage to serve as shields. The water temperature is 26-30 ℃ during the culture period, and the pH value is 7.8. The feeding amount of the feed is 6 percent of the weight of the shrimps per day, and the feed is adjusted according to the actual ingestion condition. The feeding is carried out twice a day, the feeding time is respectively 07:00 and 18:00, the feeding period is 8 weeks, and the influence results of different feeds on the growth performance of the red crayfish are shown in the table 1. The results of testing the hepatopancreatic immune index and the blood cell immune index are shown in table 2:
TABLE 1 Effect of different feeds on the growth Performance of the Red Tiger crayfish
As can be seen from Table 1, the weight gain of examples 1 to 4 is significantly better than that of comparative examples 1 to 3, which shows that the growth of the red crayfish is negatively affected by the non-addition of the phagostimulant, the lysine and the methionine and the immunopotentiator in the fish meal-free formula; the weight gain rates of the examples 1 to 4 are close to the fourth comparative example, which shows that under the condition of not adding the fish meal, the effect of the formula without the fish meal can be close to that of the formula with the fish meal by supplementing certain nutrient components and immunoregulation factors and adjusting the palatability; the weight gain rates of the first to fourth examples are obviously better than that of the fifth comparative example, which shows that the formula is better than the commercial crayfish feed.
TABLE 2 influence of different baits on the immune index of red crayfish
As can be seen from table 2: the immune indexes of the examples 1 to 4 are obviously superior to those of the comparative examples 1 to 3, which shows that the immune function of the red swamp crayfish is negatively influenced by the non-addition of the phagostimulant, the lysine and the methionine and the immunopotentiator in the formula without the fish meal; the immunological indexes of examples 1 to 4 are close to those of comparative example 4; the immunological index of examples 1 to 4 is significantly better than that of comparative example 5, indicating that the formulation has better immune-promoting effect on the red crayfish than the commercial crayfish feed.
The immune index of the comparative example 3 is the worst, which indicates that the lack of the immunopotentiator in the formula without the fish meal has great negative influence on the immune function of the red swamp crayfish. The immunopotentiator components are all derived from marine biological resources, wherein the rhodotorula benthica can produce astaxanthin which is a natural substance with the strongest antioxidation, the carapace and the epidermis of the crustacean are rich in astaxanthin, the astaxanthin layer can play a good role in protection, when the shrimp body is attacked by pathogens or stressed by the environment, the shrimp body can generate a large amount of active oxygen toxic components, and excessive active oxygen can cause oxidative damage to the protein, fat, nucleic acid and the like of the shrimp body, so that the immune system of the shrimp body is further collapsed and finally dies, and the crustacean lacking the astaxanthin is very weak in disease resistance and stress resistance. The chlorella is rich in protein, lipid, polysaccharide, dietary fiber, various vitamins and minerals and chlorella growth promoting factors, and has comprehensive nutrition, health care and immunity promoting effects. Sargassum polysaccharide can stimulate immunity. The photosynthetic bacteria are rich in protein, various vitamins and minerals, carotenoid and coenzyme Q, the carotenoid enhances the antioxidant activity of the organism, the coenzyme Q plays an important role in proton displacement and electron transfer in the respiratory chain in vivo, is an activator of cell respiration and cell metabolism, and is also an important antioxidant and a non-specific immunopotentiator.
The embodiment shows that the compound feed for the red swamp crayfish provided by the invention has comprehensive and balanced nutrition, can meet the growth and immunity requirements of the red swamp crayfish on various nutrients, adopts the plant protein to replace fish meal, thereby reducing the feed cost, and avoids the limitation of the fish meal, wherein the added lysine and methionine supplement the amino acid deficiency of the plant protein, the added compound vitamin and compound mineral supplement the deficiency of the vitamin and mineral, the added immunopotentiator can obviously improve the immunity, disease resistance and environmental stress resistance of the red swamp crayfish, the added phagostimulant can obviously improve the palatability of the feed, and the added compound enzyme improves the utilization rate of the plant protein source and the anti-nutritional factor for decomposing the plant protein source.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The red swamp crayfish fish meal-free compound feed is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass:
14-23% of soybean meal, 8-11% of peanut bran, 6-10% of corn protein powder, 5-9% of rapeseed meal, 5-10% of cuttlefish powder, 4-8% of blood meal, 4-7% of shrimp shell powder, 3-6% of beer yeast, 1-3% of earthworm powder, 3-6% of sucrose, 6-9% of corn starch, 6-9% of high-gluten flour, 0.1-0.2% of sodium chloride, 1.0-2.0% of compound vitamin, 0.5-1.5% of compound mineral, 0.5-1.5% of choline chloride, 1.0-2.0% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2-0.6% of lysine, 0.2-0.8% of methionine, 0.9-1.95% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 1.0-2.0% of immunopotentiator, 1.0-3.0% of phagostimulant, 0.05-0.1% of compound enzyme, 2.0-3.0% of soybean oil and 2.0% of peanut oil.
2. The feed of claim 1, wherein the vitamin complex comprises 12000IU vitamin A, 5000IU vitamin D, 2000IU vitamin E, 10000mg vitamin C polyphosphate, 100mg vitamin B1, 600mg vitamin B2, 400mg vitamin B6, 0.2mg vitamin B12, 150mg vitamin K, 25mg folic acid, 4mg biotin, 8000mg inositol, 700mg calcium pantothenate, 1500mg nicotinic acid, and the balance corn cob meal, per 100g of the compound vitamin.
3. The red swamp crayfish fish meal-free compound feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein 2193.0mg of ZnSO is contained in 100g of the compound minerals4·7H2O，37.6mg Na2SeO3，392.2mg CuSO4·5H2O，4975.1mg FeSO4·7H2O，1538.5mg MnSO4·H2O，211.0mg CoSO4·7H2O，20.3mg Ca(IO3)2·7H2O, and the balance of shell powder.
4. The fish meal-free compound feed for the red swamp crayfish according to claim 1, wherein the immunopotentiator comprises 35g of marine red yeast powder, 20g of marine chlorella powder, 15g of gulfweed polysaccharide, 15g of photosynthetic bacteria powder, 10g of sodium alginate and 5g of kelp powder per 100g of the immunopotentiator.
5. The feed of claim 1, wherein the phagostimulant comprises 10g glycine, 5g alanine, 15g sodium glutamate, 40g DMPT, and 30g houttuynia cordata per 100g feed.
6. The compound feed without fish meal for red swamp crayfish according to claim 1, wherein the compound enzyme comprises 30g of cellulase, 35g of neutral protease, 15g of phytase, 10g of mannanase and 10g of xylanase per 100g of compound enzyme.
7. The fish meal-free compound feed for the red swamp crayfish according to claim 1, wherein the mass content of the crude protein in the fish meal-free compound feed for the red swamp crayfish is 29 to 33%, and the mass fraction of the crude fat is 5 to 8%.
8. A preparation method of the red swamp crayfish fish meal-free compound feed as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 comprises the following steps:
crushing and mixing bean pulp, peanut bran, corn gluten meal, rapeseed meal, cuttlefish powder, blood meal, shrimp shell powder, beer yeast, earthworm powder and cane sugar to obtain premix 1;
mixing corn starch, high gluten flour and a compound enzyme to obtain a premix 2;
crushing and mixing sodium chloride, compound vitamins, compound mineral substances, choline chloride, monocalcium phosphate, lysine, methionine, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, an immunopotentiator and a phagostimulant to obtain premix 3;
mixing premix 1, premix 2 and premix 3 to obtain solid premix;
and mixing the soybean oil and the peanut oil with the solid premix, uniformly stirring, adding water accounting for 15-30% of the total mass of the feed, uniformly stirring, pressing and drying to obtain the red-swamp crayfish fish meal-free compound feed.
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| CN114158509A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-11 | 舒城县汇德水产科技有限公司 | Breeding method for rapid growth of red swamp crayfish |
| WO2022127243A1 (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2022-06-23 | 中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所 | Cherax quadricarinatus fish meal-free compound feed and preparation method therefor |
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