CN111406849A

CN111406849A - Parent lobster feed for Australia freshwater lobsters and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN111406849A
Application number: CN201910009311.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 何普清
Original assignee: Chengmai Shengxialin Agricultural Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Chengmai Shengxialin Agricultural Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-01-04
Filing date: 2019-01-04
Publication date: 2020-07-14

Abstract

The invention discloses a parent lobster feed for Australia crayfishes and a preparation method thereof. The parent shrimp feed disclosed by the invention is low in cost, simple to prepare, long in shape-preserving time and not prone to decay, and can promote gonad development of female shrimps and obviously improve mating rate and egg laying amount of parent shrimps.

Description

Parent lobster feed for Australia freshwater lobsters and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of aquatic feeds, and particularly relates to a parent lobster feed for Australia crayfishes and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Australia freshwater lobster originally produced Australia and living in fresh water is one of the most excellent freshwater lobsters in the world at present. Compared with other shrimps, the Australia freshwater lobster has the following advantages in the aspect of culture: (1) the nutrition is rich, the protein content in the body is rich, the cholesterol content is very low, and the nutritional food is a good low-cholesterol nutritional product; (2) the growth is fast, the yield is high, the breeding is carried out in the same year, and the harvest can be carried out in the same year; (3) the stress resistance is strong, the adaptability is wide, and the tolerance to severe environment is high; (4) food mixed, wide feed source and low culture cost. Based on the above advantages, in recent years, the Australia crayfish is more and more popular with domestic and foreign consumers, and the market demand is greatly increased.

The nutrition supply and health management level in the breeding stage of the Australia freshwater lobster parent shrimp is a key stage for determining the gonad development of the parent shrimp, the egg laying amount of the parent shrimp, the fertilized egg quality, the hatchability and the shrimp fry survival rate. At present, the parent lobster feed for Australia freshwater lobsters used for market culture has the following problems: unbalanced nutrient components and low utilization rate of the feed; the number of spawning times of parent shrimps after feeding is small, the spawning amount is low, and the hatchability of fertilized eggs and the survival rate of shrimp larvae are low; is easy to carry pathogens such as germs, viruses and the like, and is easy to destroy water during feeding and breed germs.

Therefore, there is a need for a parent lobster feed for Australia crayfish, which is easy to digest and absorb, can improve the immunity and gonad development quality of the parent lobster, and can significantly improve the mating rate and fertilized egg hatchability of the parent lobster.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the problems, the inventor of the invention carries out intensive research and provides a parent shrimp breeding feed for the Australia freshwater lobster, which comprises inner-layer nutrient components and outer-layer nutrient components, the immunity of the parent shrimp is improved and the development of the gonad of the parent shrimp is promoted by improving the content of animal protein, animal grease and vitamin in the inner-layer nutrient components and adding an immunopotentiator into the inner-layer nutrient components; the composite microbial inoculum and plankton in the outer layer nutrient components can provide sufficient nutrition for the parent shrimps, can play the roles of purifying water and supplementing bait under the condition of not being ingested, provides sufficient nutrient substances for the parent shrimps, and obviously improves the mating rate and the fertilized egg hatchability of the parent shrimps, thereby completing the invention.

Specifically, the present invention aims to provide the following:

in a first aspect, the parent lobster feed for Australia crayfish comprises inner layer nutrient components and outer layer nutrient components, wherein the inner layer nutrient components comprise the following components in parts by weight:

in a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a parent shrimp culture feed according to the first aspect, comprising the steps of:

step 1, preparing inner layer nutrient components;

step 2, coating the outer layer nutrient components outside the inner layer nutrient components to prepare the parent shrimp feed;

wherein, step 1 comprises the following substeps:

step 1-1, weighing fat components and mixing with a preservative to obtain mixed liquid;

step 1-2, weighing protein components, carbohydrate components, mineral substances and vitamins, and crushing to obtain a mixture;

step 1-3, adding the mixture obtained in the step 1-2 into the mixed liquid obtained in the step 1-1, then adding the immunopotentiator, the phagostimulant and the complex enzyme, and stirring and mixing;

and 1-4, adding a forming agent into the mixed system obtained in the step 1-3, uniformly stirring, and cooling and forming to obtain the inner-layer nutrient component.

The invention has the advantages that:

(1) the parent lobster feed for Australia freshwater lobsters improves the addition amount of animal protein, and is matched with plant protein in a proper proportion, so that the production cost is reduced, and the egg laying amount of parent lobsters is improved;

(2) according to the parent lobster feed for Australia freshwater lobsters, the fat component is animal oil, the adding proportion is improved, and the gonad development and mating rate of female shrimps are promoted;

(3) according to the parent lobster feed for Australia freshwater lobsters, the biological preservative is added, so that the propagation of harmful microorganisms can be effectively inhibited, and the feed can be preserved for a long time;

(4) according to the parent lobster feed for Australia freshwater lobsters, the nutritional ingredients in the inner layer are in a gel state, so that the shape-keeping time in water is prolonged, the feed is not easy to decay and deteriorate, and the water body is not polluted;

(5) according to the parent lobster feed for Australia freshwater lobsters, the compound microbial inoculum in the outer-layer nutrient components can be used for regulating the flora structure in the intestinal tract of the parent lobsters after the parent lobsters ingest the feed, so that the feed digestion and absorption capacity of the parent lobsters is promoted; but also can decompose toxic excrement and purify the culture water body after being discharged out of the body along with excrement;

(6) according to the parent lobster feed for Australia freshwater lobsters, zooplankton eggs in the outer-layer nutritional ingredients are dissolved out into a water body under the condition that the feed is not taken for a long time, and then are hatched into zooplankton to become bait for the parent lobsters to prey, so that the feed utilization rate is improved, and the hatchability of fertilized eggs of the parent lobsters is promoted;

(7) the immunopotentiator added into the parent lobster breeding feed for the Australia freshwater lobsters can promote the organism recovery of the parent lobsters after spawning and improve the quality of fertilized eggs.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to preferred embodiments and examples. The features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the description.

The word "exemplary" is used exclusively herein to mean "serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration. Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments.

The invention provides a parent shrimp breeding feed for Australia freshwater lobsters, which comprises inner-layer nutrient components and outer-layer nutrient components, wherein the inner-layer nutrient components comprise the following components in parts by weight:

in a further preferred embodiment, the inner layer nutrient component comprises the following components in parts by weight:

in a further preferred embodiment, the inner layer nutritional component comprises the following components in parts by weight:

according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the protein component comprises animal protein and vegetable protein, and the weight ratio of the animal protein to the vegetable protein is (40-60): 15, preferably (45-55): 15, more preferably 50: 15.

In the invention, the plant protein is preferably adopted to replace part of the animal protein, so that the growth speed of the parent shrimps can be obviously improved, and the production cost is reduced.

The inventor finds that the increase of the addition amount of the animal protein is beneficial to the increase of the fecundity of the parent shrimps, so the weight ratio of the animal protein to the plant protein is preferably set to (40-60): 15, preferably (45-55): 15, more preferably 50:15, can remarkably improve the egg laying amount of parent shrimps.

In a further preferred embodiment, the animal protein is selected from one or more of fish meal, artemia meal, silkworm chrysalis meal, earthworm meal, krill meal and chicken meal.

In a still further preferred embodiment, the animal protein is selected from one or more of fish meal, artemia powder, silkworm pupa powder and earthworm powder.

Preferably, the animal protein is fish meal and earthworm powder, the weight ratio of the fish meal to the earthworm powder is (25-50): 15, and preferably (30-40): 15, more preferably 35: 15.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the vegetable protein is selected from one or more of fermented soybean meal, peanut meal, rapeseed cake, cotton seed cake and peanut bran powder.

In a further preferred embodiment, the vegetable protein is selected from one or more of fermented soybean meal, peanut meal and peanut bran powder.

In a still further preferred embodiment, the vegetable protein is fermented soybean meal.

The research of the inventor finds that the fermented soybean meal can decompose and remove anti-nutritional factors (such as antitrypsin, hemagglutinin and the like) in the soybean meal, and provide abundant proteins, organic matters and medium and trace elements for the growth of parent shrimps.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the carbohydrate component is selected from one or more of corn flour, soybean flour, wheat flour, yeast, hard flour and starch.

In a further preferred embodiment, the carbohydrate component is one or more of corn flour, soy flour, wheat flour and starch.

In a still further preferred embodiment, the carbohydrate component is soy flour.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the fat component is an animal fat, preferably selected from one or more of lard, tallow, chicken oil and fish oil.

In a further preferred embodiment, the fat component is fish oil.

The present inventors have found that, among the inner layer nutrients, when the amount of fish oil (fat component) to be added is 5 to 15 parts, preferably 6 to 12 parts, and more preferably 8 parts based on 65 parts of the protein component, gonadal development of female shrimps can be significantly promoted and the egg laying amount of female shrimps can be significantly increased. When the addition amount is less than 5 parts, the egg laying amount is not obviously improved; when the amount is more than 15 parts, the normal growth of parent shrimps is affected and the production cost is increased.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mineral is a multi-mineral premix which is a mixture of three or more of potassium chloride, monocalcium phosphate, ferrous lactate, selenium yeast, sodium selenite, cobalt sulfate, zinc sulfate monohydrate, copper sulfate pentahydrate, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, zeolite powder, sodium fluoride, and cobalt chloride monohydrate.

In a further preferred embodiment, the mineral is a mixture of three or more of monocalcium phosphate, ferrous lactate, selenium yeast, sodium selenite, cobalt sulfate, zinc sulfate monohydrate, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, zeolite powder, and sodium fluoride.

In a still further preferred embodiment, the mineral is a mixture of monocalcium phosphate, selenium yeast, sodium selenite, cobalt sulfate, zinc sulfate monohydrate, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, and zeolite powder,

the weight ratio of the monocalcium phosphate, the selenium yeast, the sodium selenite, the cobalt sulfate, the zinc sulfate monohydrate, the magnesium sulfate heptahydrate to the zeolite powder is 20 (0.005-0.008) to (1.5-2.0): (0.01-0.015): (8-12): (5-9): (6-12).

Preferably, the weight ratio of the monocalcium phosphate, the selenium yeast, the sodium selenite, the cobalt sulfate, the zinc sulfate monohydrate, the magnesium sulfate heptahydrate and the zeolite powder is 20 (0.006-0.007) to (1.6-1.8): (0.012-0.015): (9-11): (6-8): (8-10).

Wherein the mineral is necessary for maintaining the life of the lobster, and comprises macroelements and microelements, and the addition of the above components and minerals by weight is beneficial to improving the growth speed of the lobster.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the vitamin is a multivitamin premix comprising vitamin C and further comprising at least five of vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin E, inositol, calcium pantothenate, folic acid, niacin, inositol, microcrystalline cellulose, and choline chloride.

In a further preferred embodiment, the vitamin is a mixture of vitamin C, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin E, calcium pantothenate, folic acid, inositol, and choline chloride;

the weight ratio of the vitamin C, the vitamin B1, the vitamin B6, the vitamin E, the inositol, the folic acid, the inositol and the choline chloride is 50 (13-25): (10-18): (16-22): (20-25): (5-10): (15-20).

Preferably, the weight ratio of the vitamin C, the vitamin B1, the vitamin B6, the vitamin E, the inositol, the folic acid, the inositol and the choline chloride is 50 (15-20): (12-16): (18-20): (21-23): (6-8): (16-18).

The inventor researches and discovers that carbohydrate is a cheap energy source in the feed, but because the utilization rate of carbohydrate in the feed is low in Australia crayfish, excessive carbohydrate can be accumulated in the fat of the Australia crayfish, so that the liver of the crayfish is damaged, fatty liver is formed, and the healthy growth of the crayfish is influenced.

Therefore, the invention preferably adds vitamins into the breeding feed, and the ratio of the carbohydrate to the vitamins is (15-25): (1-3), preferably (18-23): (1.5 to 2.5), more preferably 21: 2, the liver of the lobster is normal, the immunity is high, and the survival rate of the hatched lobster fry is high.

In addition, the research of the inventor finds that the vitamin C is beneficial to promoting the gonad development of the parent shrimps, so that the proportion of the vitamin C in the vitamins of the parent shrimp feed is increased, and the mating rate of the parent shrimps is obviously increased.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the inner layer nutritional ingredients further comprise an immunopotentiator, a phagostimulant and a complex enzyme, wherein the amounts of the immunopotentiator, the phagostimulant and the complex enzyme are respectively 1.2-2.5 parts, 0.05-0.2 part and 0.06-0.15 part based on 65 parts of protein ingredients.

Preferably, the addition amounts of the immunopotentiator, the phagostimulant and the compound enzyme are respectively 1.5-2.0 parts, 0.08-0.15 part and 0.08-0.12 part based on 65 parts of protein components.

More preferably, the immunopotentiator, the phagostimulant and the complex enzyme are added in amounts of 1.8 parts, 0.1 part and 0.1 part, respectively, based on 65 parts of the protein component.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the immunopotentiator is selected from one or more of chitin, chitosan, lycium barbarum polysaccharide, coriolus versicolor polysaccharide, burdock polysaccharide, taurine, garlic juice, lecithin and soy isoflavone.

In a further preferred embodiment, the immunopotentiator is selected from one or more of chitosan, coriolus versicolor polysaccharide, burdock polysaccharide, taurine, garlic juice and lecithin.

In a further preferred embodiment, the immunopotentiator is burdock polysaccharide and lecithin, and the proportion of the burdock polysaccharide and the lecithin is (2-6): 5, preferably 4: 5.

The research of the inventor finds that the burdock polysaccharide is an effective bifidobacteria growth promoting factor, can obviously promote the growth and proliferation of the flora inhibiting bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of the parent shrimps, improve the immunity of the parent shrimps and improve the quality and the hatchability of fertilized eggs.

The research of the inventor finds that the addition of a certain proportion of lecithin in the parent shrimp feed can promote the gonad breeding and reproduction induction of the parent shrimp and is very beneficial to the organism recovery of the parent shrimp after spawning.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the phagostimulant comprises the following components in parts by weight:

preferably, the phagostimulant comprises the following components in parts by weight:

the inventor researches and discovers that the phagostimulant prepared from the components in the ratio can induce the parent shrimps to ingest, improve the utilization rate of the feed and promote the nutrition supplement of the parent shrimps; the residual feed in the water body can be reduced, and the secondary pollution of the excess feed to the water body is reduced, so that the disease risk of the parent shrimps is reduced, and the egg laying amount is increased.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the complex enzyme is selected from two or more of phytase, cellulase, mesophilic amylase, acid protease, xylanase and lipase.

In a further preferred embodiment, the complex enzyme is compounded by lipase, cellulase, mesophilic protease and xylanase, and the weight ratio of the complex enzyme is 5: (2-4): (5-8): (2-6): preferably, the ratio of 5: (2-3): (6-7): (3-5).

In the invention, because the feed adopts plant protein to replace part of animal protein, in order to improve the absorption and utilization rate of the protein of the parent shrimps, the compound enzyme compounded by lipase, cellulase, mesophilic protease and xylanase is preferably adopted, so as to improve the digestibility of the parent shrimps of the Australian freshwater lobster to the feed and improve the immunity.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the inner layer nutritional ingredients further comprise an antistaling agent and a forming agent, and the addition amounts of the antistaling agent and the forming agent are respectively 4-7 parts and 2-5 parts based on 100 parts of the total weight of the inner layer nutritional ingredients.

In a further preferred embodiment, the antistaling agent is a biological antistaling agent and is selected from one or more of sodium diacetate, EM bacterial liquid, lysozyme and tea polyphenol.

In a further preferred embodiment, the preservative is selected from one or more of sodium diacetate, EM bacterial liquid and tea polyphenol.

In the invention, the biological preservative is added to effectively inhibit the propagation of harmful microorganisms, so that the feed is preserved. When the addition amount of the preservative is less than 4 parts based on 100 parts of the total weight of the inner layer nutrient components, the optimal preservation effect on the feed cannot be achieved; when the addition amount is more than 7 parts, the preservation effect is not increased any more, the cost is increased by continuously increasing the amount of the preservative, and the palatability of the feed is influenced.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the forming agent is one or more of carrageenan, bone glue, xanthan gum, agar and furcellaran.

In a further preferred embodiment, the forming agent is agar.

According to the invention, the inner layer nutrient components are in a gel state under the action of the forming agent, so that the forming agent is beneficial to long-time shape maintenance in water and is suitable for feeding of Australia freshwater lobster in a brood mode, and the biological preservative is added, so that the breeding feed for the parent shrimps is not easy to decay and deteriorate, the water body can be prevented from being polluted, the living environment health of the parent shrimps is protected, and the immunity and egg laying amount of the parent shrimps are improved.

In a further preferred embodiment, the moisture content of the inner layer nutrient component is 8 to 20%, preferably 8 to 18%, and more preferably 8 to 15%.

In the invention, when the water content of the inner-layer nutrient components is set to be 8-20%, preferably 8-18%, and more preferably 8-15%, the inner-layer nutrient components have a good shape-preserving effect and can be tightly bonded with the outer-layer nutrient components.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the outer layer nutrient is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the inner layer nutrient:

preferably, based on 100 parts by weight of the inner layer nutrient component, the outer layer nutrient component is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:

more preferably, the outer layer nutrient component is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the inner layer nutrient component:

the inventor finds that in the prior art, in order to keep the parent crayfish feed of the Australia crayfish not easy to disperse after being put into water, the beneficial microorganisms in the feed are easily inactivated through high-temperature curing and high-temperature plasmid processes in the preparation process of the feed. Therefore, the complex microbial inoculum is preferably prepared outside the gel type inner layer nutrient components, so that the activity of beneficial bacteria can be effectively ensured, and the utilization rate of the feed is improved.

Preferably, the thickness of the nutrient components on the outer layer is 3-6 mm, and preferably 4-5 mm.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the complex microbial agent is made of two or more of bifidobacterium, lactobacillus, yeast, bacillus natto, photosynthetic bacteria and amino acid ferment bacteria.

In a further preferred embodiment, the complex microbial agent is prepared from bifidobacterium, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus natto and photosynthetic bacteria in a weight ratio of 3: (6-8): (3-6): (0.5 to 1.0), preferably 3: (6-7): (4-5): (0.7-0.9).

Wherein, the photosynthetic bacteria are preferably rhodopseudomonas palustris.

The inventor finds that the bifidobacterium can stimulate the immune system and the lymphatic tissue of the intestinal tract to generate secretory antibody-immunoglobulin A, so that the immunity of the parent shrimps is enhanced, and meanwhile, acidic substances such as lactic acid, acetic acid and the like generated by the metabolism of the bifidobacterium can keep the internal environment of the intestinal tract acidic, so that the growth of harmful bacteria is inhibited, the immunity of the parent shrimps is enhanced, and the mating rate of the parent shrimps is further improved.

The multiplication of lactic acid bacteria in the intestinal tract of animals produces a variety of inhibitory compounds, including bacteriocins, bacteriocinoids, and various antagonistic substances. The lactobacillus can also adhere to intestinal tract cells, and has space occupying competition and nutrient competition effects, and the generated organic acid can reduce the pH value in intestinal tract, inhibit proliferation of pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Clostridium in intestinal tract, and reduce incidence of animal intestinal tract diseases.

The bacillus natto can generate a plurality of active hydrolytic enzymes, promote the degradation of nutrients in the feed and ensure that the lobster can absorb and utilize the feed more fully; has the characteristics of acid resistance and heat resistance, and can generate strong inhibiting effect on harmful microorganisms such as vibrio, escherichia coli, baculovirus and the like; and the part which is not ingested or is discharged along with the excrement of the lobsters can further purify the aquaculture water body, reduce the occurrence of shrimp diseases and effectively improve the immunity of parent shrimps and the hatchability of fertilized eggs.

The photosynthetic bacteria are rich in various vitamins, and simultaneously contain coenzyme Q10, antiviral substances and growth promoting factors, and the photosynthetic bacteria can be used as baits to promote the growth of parent shrimps, can culture zooplankton, increase the number of natural baits, and simultaneously can degrade nitrite, sulfide and other toxic substances in a water body, so that the effect of improving water quality is obvious.

In the invention, the weight ratio of lactic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria, bacillus natto and photosynthetic bacteria in the composite microbial agent is set to be 3: (6-8): (3-6): (0.5 to 1.0), preferably 3: (6-7): (4-5): (0.7-0.9) so that the microbial inoculums have synergistic effect, nutrient substances required by the growth of the parent shrimps are guaranteed, the water environment can be deeply purified, and the breeding and hatching efficiency of the parent shrimps is improved.

In the invention, the compound microbial inoculum has the capability of regulating the flora structure in the intestinal tract of the parent shrimps and promoting the digestion and absorption of the parent shrimps; after the ingested complex microbial inoculum is discharged into the culture water body along with the excrements of the parent shrimps, the complex microbial inoculum can decompose toxic excrement and purify the culture water body of the parent shrimps. In addition, the composite microbial inoculum is prepared on the outer layer of the cultivation feed, so that the composite microbial inoculum can play a role in regulating the micro-ecology of the cultivation water body and maintaining the healthy living water body of the parent shrimps under the condition that the parent shrimps do not eat the composite microbial inoculum in time.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the complex microbial inoculum is applied in the form of a bacterial liquid, and is prepared according to the following steps:

and i, preparing initial bacterial liquid.

Wherein the initial bacterial liquid is prepared as follows:

and step i-1, putting clear water into a culture container, heating and increasing oxygen.

Wherein the heating is heating to ensure that the water temperature is 25 ℃.

And step i-2, adding glucose, fully dissolving, and adding a plurality of microbial inoculum.

Wherein the multiple microbial agents are bifidobacteria, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus natto and photosynthetic bacteria (all powdery and commercially available), and the weight ratio of the multiple microbial agents is 3: (6-8): (3-6): (0.5 to 1.0), preferably 3: (6-7): (4-5): (0.7-0.9).

And i-3, intermittently stirring, and detecting the pH value and the total bacteria number of the mixed solution after a certain time to prepare the initial bacteria solution meeting the requirements.

In the invention, after adding a plurality of microbial inoculum, the oxygenation stirring is stopped after 2-2.5 h, then the oxygenation stirring is carried out again after 3-7 h, the circulation is carried out for 120-150 h, and the water temperature is kept at 25 ℃.

After circulating for 100-130 hours, detecting the pH value and the total bacteria number of the mixed solution until the pH value reaches 3-5 and the total bacteria number reaches (3.5-4.5) × 10⁷More than one. If not, continuously oxygenating and stirring until the initial bacterial liquid meeting the requirements is prepared.

In the present invention, the prepared initial bacterial liquid is preferably stored in a sealed and cool state.

And ii, mixing the initial bacterial liquid with water and glucose according to a ratio, continuously stirring, and preparing the final bacterial liquid after a certain time.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the weight ratio of the initial bacterial liquid to the water and the glucose is 5: (95-120): (0.4 to 0.5), preferably 5: (95-110): (0.4-0.45), and more preferably 5:105: 0.4.

Wherein, the water is put into a container, heated to the water temperature of 25 ℃, and simultaneously oxygenated, so that the water body in the container turns over up and down; and then adding glucose into water to be fully dissolved, adding the initial bacterial liquid, and carrying out uninterrupted oxygenation stirring.

In a further preferred embodiment, the uninterrupted oxygenation stirring time is 60-90 h, preferably 70-80 h, such as 72 h.

In the invention, after the uninterrupted oxygenation stirring is finished, the pH value and the total bacteria number of the bacteria liquid are detected, so that the pH value is 6-7, and the total bacteria number is (3.5-4.5) × 10⁷More than one. If not, continuously oxygenating and stirring until the final bacterial liquid meeting the requirements is prepared.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the plankton is zooplankton eggs, preferably one or more of rotifer eggs, artemia eggs, red worm eggs and daphnia eggs, more preferably one or more of rotifer eggs, artemia eggs and red worm eggs.

The inventor researches and discovers that after zooplankton eggs are added into parent shrimp feed and are thrown into a water body to be ingested, sufficient nutrient substances such as amino acid, protein, unsaturated fatty acid, inorganic elements and the like can be provided for the parent shrimps, and the feed has good palatability, is beneficial to the ingestion of the parent shrimps, and further improves the mating rate and the egg laying amount. And after the unphaged feed is soaked in the water body for a period of time, the zooplankton eggs can be dissolved out and further incubated into zooplankton to become bait for the parental shrimps to prey, so that the utilization rate of the feed is improved.

In the invention, based on 100 parts of inner layer nutrient components, the amount of zooplankton eggs is set to be 8-15 parts, preferably 10-13 parts, and more preferably 11 parts, so that nutrients necessary for growth of the parent shrimps are ensured, and the total amount of the zooplankton eggs can be controlled, so that the ecological balance of the parent shrimp culture water body is not influenced.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the additive comprises the following components in parts by weight:

10 portions of mulberry leaves

6-8 parts of Hangzhou white chrysanthemum

4-7 parts of liquorice

Preferably, the additive comprises the following components in parts by weight:

10 portions of mulberry leaves

Hangzhou white chrysanthemum 7 parts

And 5 parts of liquorice.

The Chinese herbal medicine additive with the components added in the invention can clear away heat and toxic materials, improve the endocrine function of parent shrimps and improve the growth rate and the feed utilization rate; the mulberry leaves can increase the egg laying amount of parent shrimps.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the complex microbial inoculum, plankton and Chinese herbal medicine additive in the outer layer nutritional ingredients are coated outside the inner layer nutritional ingredients through a binding agent, wherein the binding agent is selected from one or more of wheat flour, barley flour, corn flour, glutinous rice flour, broad bean flour and sweet potato flour.

In a further preferred embodiment, the binder is selected from one or more of barley flour, glutinous rice flour, broad bean flour and sweet potato flour.

In the invention, the binding agent of the kind is adopted, the composite microbial inoculum, plankton and additive can be effectively coated outside the inner layer nutrient components, and the composite microbial inoculum, plankton and additive are not loosened for a certain time, have certain hardness and accord with the ingestion characteristics of Australia crayfish.

The inventor finds that the binder is added in an amount of 8-15 parts by weight, preferably 9-13 parts by weight, and more preferably 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the inner layer nutrient component, so that the composite microbial inoculum, plankton and additives can be effectively coated and the parent shrimps can be fully utilized. When the amount of the binder added is less than 8 parts, the binding effect is poor; when the amount of the binder added is more than 15 parts, excessive binder dissolved in water affects liver metabolism of the parent shrimps, affects health conditions of the parent shrimps, and further reduces egg laying amount.

Even if the breeding feed is not ingested for a long time, the nutrient components on the outer layer are dispersed, and the dissolved compound bacteria and plankton can continue to play the roles of purifying water quality and providing nutrition. The inner layer nutrient component is gelatinous, so that the water can be preserved for a long time without deterioration.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, optionally, a coloring agent is further included in the outer nutritional ingredient to impart a readily discernible color to the feed in the body of water to facilitate feeding by the parent shrimp.

In a further preferred embodiment, the colorant is selected from astaxanthin and/or carotenoids.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the parent lobster feed for Australia crayfish, which comprises the following steps:

step 1, preparing inner layer nutrient components.

Wherein, step 1 comprises the following substeps:

step 1-1, weighing fat components and mixing with a preservative to obtain a mixed liquid.

Weighing fat components and the preservative according to the proportion in the breeding feed, and placing the mixture in a container to be uniformly stirred to obtain mixed liquid.

Step 1-2, weighing protein components, carbohydrate components, minerals and vitamins, and crushing to obtain a mixture.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pulverization is carried out by ultrafine pulverization to a fineness of 100 mesh or more, preferably 120 mesh or more.

The components are crushed to be more than 100 meshes, preferably to be more than 120 meshes, so that the uniform mixing of the feed in the subsequent preparation process is facilitated.

And step 1-3, adding the mixture obtained in the step 1-2 into the mixed liquid obtained in the step 1-1, then adding the immunopotentiator, the phagostimulant and the complex enzyme, and stirring and mixing.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the stirring and mixing are performed under heating at a temperature of 40 to 55 ℃, preferably 45 to 55 ℃.

The present inventors have found that the efficiency of uniformly mixing raw materials can be improved by appropriately heating the raw materials in the process of mixing the raw materials of the respective components.

In the present invention, the forming agent is preferably agar.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the forming agent is added with water and heated to form a viscous solution, and then added to the mixed system of steps 1 to 3 while stirring.

Wherein the weight ratio of the forming agent to the added water is 1: (12-18), preferably 1: 15.

In a further preferred embodiment, the temperature of the forming agent solution added to the mixed system of the step 1-3 is 70-90 ℃.

The inventor finds that when the temperature of the added forming agent solution is lower than 70 ℃, the solution causes uneven forming of the nutrient components in the inner layer, and when the temperature is higher than 90 ℃, the activity of partial enzymes in the nutrient components in the inner layer is damaged, and the quality of the feed is influenced.

In a further preferred embodiment, the stirring time is 5 to 10 minutes.

Through long-term research, the inventor discovers that by adopting the raw materials in the proportion, adding the forming agent and stirring for 5-10 min at the solution temperature of 75-90 ℃, the water content of the obtained inner-layer nutrient component can be controlled to be 8-20%, preferably 8-18%, and more preferably 8-15%.

In the present invention, it is preferable that the inner layer nutrient components mixed with the forming agent are placed in a large container to be cooled and formed, and after solidification, the inner layer nutrient components are divided by a screen as needed.

And 2, coating the outer-layer nutrient components outside the inner-layer nutrient components to prepare the breeding feed.

Wherein, step 2 comprises the following substeps:

and 2-1, preparing the binder into slurry, and uniformly mixing the composite microbial inoculum, the plankton and the additive with the slurry.

In the invention, the binder is preferably prepared into slurry, the content of the binder in the slurry is 15-25%, and then the composite microbial inoculum, the plankton and the additive are uniformly mixed with the slurry according to the proportion.

Wherein the additive is powder obtained by mixing and crushing the components, and the fineness of the additive is more than 100 meshes, preferably more than 120 meshes.

And 2-2, spraying the uniformly mixed system in the step 2-1 to the outer surface of the inner layer nutrient component, and then drying to prepare the parent shrimp feed.

And (3) spraying the mixed system of the binder, the composite microbial inoculum, the plankton and the additive which are uniformly mixed in the step (2-1) onto the outer surface of the inner-layer nutrient component, wherein the thickness of the outer-layer nutrient component is 3-6 mm, preferably 4-5 mm, and then drying at room temperature to prepare the parent shrimp feed.

After the parent shrimp feed is prepared, the feed is preferably subjected to screening and packaging treatment.

Examples

The present invention is further described below by way of specific examples, which are merely exemplary and do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way.

Example 1

Preparing a parent shrimp breeding feed for Australia crayfish according to the following steps:

(1) weighing 80g of fish oil and 50gEM bacterial liquid (the viable bacteria content is 200 ten thousand CFU/ml, the water content is less than or equal to 9.0 percent) and uniformly mixing.

(2) 350g of fish meal, 150g of artemia powder, 150g of fermented soybean meal, 210g of soybean meal, 20g of minerals (monocalcium phosphate, selenium yeast, sodium selenite, cobalt sulfate, zinc sulfate monohydrate, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate and zeolite powder in a weight ratio of 20:0.006: 1.7: 0.013: 10:7: 9) and 20g of vitamins (vitamin C, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin E, inositol, folic acid, inositol and choline chloride in a weight ratio of 50: 17: 15: 19: 22: 7: 17) are weighed, ground into 120-mesh superfine powder, and then mixed uniformly.

(3) Mixing the superfine pulverized mixture in the step (2) with the step (1), adding 8g of burdock polysaccharide, 10g of lecithin, 1g of feeding promoting agent (the weight ratio of histidine to arginine to laver to betaine to acanthopanax senticosus is 10:6:5:8:4) and 1g of complex enzyme (the weight ratio of lipase to cellulase to mesophilic protease to xylanase is 5:3:6:4), heating to 45 ℃, and uniformly stirring.

(4) And (3) taking 20g of agar, adding 300ml of water, heating to 80 ℃ to form a viscous solution, adding the viscous solution into the mixed system in the step (3) while stirring, pouring the viscous solution into a shaping container while the viscous solution is hot after stirring for 10 minutes, and then cutting the viscous solution into a plurality of small blocks with the side length of 10mm by using a screen to obtain inner-layer nutrient components.

(5) Adding water into 100g of glutinous rice flour to prepare slurry with the solid content of 20%, then adding 110g of zooplankton eggs (including 60g of red worm eggs and 50g of artemia cysts), 9g of composite microbial inoculum and 60g of additives (the weight ratio of mulberry leaves, chrysanthemum morifolium and liquorice is 10:7:5), and uniformly mixing;

the composite microbial inoculum is prepared by the following steps:

(5.1) putting clear water into a culture barrel, heating the clear water to the temperature of 25 ℃, and then oxygenating the water by using an oxygenation pump;

(5.2) adding glucose into water, fully dissolving, then adding lactic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria, bacillus natto and photosynthetic bacteria powder (the adding ratio is 3:6: 4: 0.8), oxygenating and stirring for 2 hours, stopping, oxygenating and stirring again for 2 hours after 7 hours, circularly performing 130 hours, and keeping the water temperature at 25 ℃;

(5.3) detecting the pH and the total bacteria number of the mixed solution, wherein after circulation for 130 hours, the pH is 3-5, and the total bacteria number is 4.8 × 10⁷Taking the strain as initial bacterial liquid, sealing and storing in shade;

(5.4) weighing the components according to the ratio of the initial bacterial liquid to the water to the glucose of 5:105:0.4, then placing clear water in a culture barrel, heating the water to 25 ℃, using an oxygenation pump to oxygenate the water, adding the glucose into the water, fully dissolving, then adding the initial bacterial liquid, carrying out continuous oxygenation and stirring for 75 hours, then detecting the pH value of the bacterial liquid to be 6.5, and detecting the total bacterial number to be 3.5 × 10⁷And finally obtaining bacterial liquid, namely the compound bacterial agent.

(6) And (4) spraying the uniformly mixed system in the step (5) to the outer surface of the inner layer nutrient component, wherein the thickness is 4mm, and then drying at room temperature to prepare the parent shrimp feed of the Australia crayfish.

Example 2

The procedure used in this example is similar to that of example 1, except that the amount of fish oil added in step (1) is 60 g.

Example 3

The procedure used in this example is similar to that of example 1, except that 380g of fish meal and 170g of artemia meal are added in step (2).

Example 4

The process used in this example is similar to that of example 1, except that in step (2) cottonseed cake is used instead of fermented soybean meal.

Example 5

The process used in this example is similar to that of example 1, except that in step (2) the vitamins are added in amounts such that the weight ratio of vitamin C, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin E, inositol, folic acid, inositol and choline chloride is 50: 15: 12: 18: 21: 6: 16.

example 6

The procedure used in this example is similar to that of example 1, except that in step (3) taurine is used instead of burdock polysaccharide.

Example 7

The method used in this example is similar to example 1, except that in step (5), the weight ratio of bifidobacteria, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus natto, and photosynthetic bacteria is 3: 7: 5:0.9.

Example 8

The procedure used in this example is similar to that of example 1, except that, in step (5), 130g of zooplankton eggs (including 80g of red worm eggs and 50g of rotifer eggs) are added.

Example 9

The procedure used in this example is similar to that of example 1, except that, in step (4), furcellaran is used instead of agar.

Example 10

The method used in this example was similar to example 1 except that the amount of glutinous rice flour added in step (5) was 130 g.

Comparative example

Comparative example 1

This comparative example was carried out in a similar manner to example 1, except that the prepared feed for farming included only the inner layer nutrients.

Comparative example 2

This comparative example was carried out in a similar manner to example 1, except that the amount of fish oil added in step (1) was 20 g.

Comparative example 3

The procedure used in this comparative example is similar to that of example 1, except that rapeseed oil is used instead of fish oil in step (1).

Comparative example 4

The comparative example was carried out in a similar manner to example 1, except that in step (2), 150g of fish meal, 150g of artemia powder and 350g of peanut meal were added.

Comparative example 5

This comparative example was similar to example 1 except that in step (3), burdock polysaccharide and lecithin were not added.

Comparative example 6

This comparative example was carried out in a similar manner to example 1 except that the additives of step (5) did not include mulberry leaves.

Comparative example 7

This comparative example was carried out in a similar manner to example 1, except that in step (5), zooplankton eggs were not added.

Comparative example 8

The comparative example was carried out in a similar manner to example 1 except that in step (5), the complex microbial inoculum was not added.

Examples of the experiments

Experimental example 1

5 pellets were randomly taken out from the breeding feeds prepared in examples 1, 9 and 10, respectively, and placed in water, and the overall shape-retaining time (i.e., outer shape-retaining time) and shape-retaining time of the inner nutrient content of the feeds were measured, and the results are shown in Table 1:

TABLE 1

	Overall shape keeping time (h)	Inner layer shape keeping time (h)
			Example 1	6.2	152.0
Example 9	5.9	150.3
			Example 10	6.2	149.8

As can be seen from Table 1, the external nutrient components of the parent shrimp feed prepared by the embodiment of the invention can be kept in water for about 6 hours without loosening, and can meet the ingestion characteristics of parent shrimps; the nutrient components in the inner layer can be kept for more than 149 hours in water, which is beneficial to the full ingestion of parent shrimps, can reserve enough time for manual cleaning and is beneficial to the maintenance of the quality of the aquaculture water body.

Experimental example 2

Selecting parent shrimps with the same specification and weight, placing the parent shrimps in 7 breeding hatcheries, wherein the feeding density of each breeding hatchery is 15 tails per square meter (female shrimps: male shrimps are 3:1), respectively feeding the parent shrimp feeds prepared in the example 1 and the comparative examples 2-7 into the 7 breeding hatcheries, adopting the same breeding mode and feeding amount during breeding, and counting the average egg laying amount, fertilized egg hatchability and gonad development index of the female shrimps after 40 days of breeding, wherein the results are shown in table 2.

TABLE 2

Wherein, the female shrimp gonad index is × 100/× female shrimp ovary wet weight (g).

As can be seen from table 2, compared with comparative examples 2 to 7, the breeding feed prepared in example 1 of the present invention can significantly improve the gonad index, egg laying amount, and hatching rate of parent shrimps, which indicates that substances such as fish oil, fish meal, immune additives, etc. added to the breeding feed are mixed with various components in the feed, and can significantly improve the activity of parent shrimps and the maturation ratio of gonads, and improve the quality and hatching rate of fertilized eggs.

Experimental example 3

Selecting 4 parent lobster breeding hatching ponds of Australia freshwater lobsters, and feeding the parent lobster feeds prepared in the embodiment 1 and the comparative examples 1 and 8 respectively, wherein the water quality before feeding of the 4 breeding hatching ponds is basically consistent, the breeding density of the parent lobsters is basically the same, the breeding density of the parent lobsters is 15 tails per square meter, the 4 breeding ponds carry out breeding according to the same feeding mode and feeding amount, the main change of the breeding water body in 28 days after feeding the feeds is counted, and the results are shown in Table 3:

TABLE 3

Wherein, the ammonia nitrogen content is measured by adopting a nano reagent spectrophotometry; nitrite content was determined by N- (1-naphthyl) -ethylenediamine spectrophotometry.

As can be seen from Table 3, the parent shrimp feeds prepared in example 1 of the present invention have a significant synergistic effect on the purification of aquaculture water compared to the parent shrimp feeds prepared in comparative examples 1 and 8, and the feed for parent shrimps prepared in example 1 can slowly increase the ammonia nitrogen content and the nitrous acid content in aquaculture water within 28 days after the feed is fed, and can keep the ammonia nitrogen content below 0.20 mg/L and the nitrous acid content not more than 0.10 mg/L within 28 days after the feed is fed, while the aquaculture water for parent shrimp feeds prepared in comparative examples 1 and 8 can rapidly increase the ammonia nitrogen content and the nitrous acid content, and can reach a higher concentration within a short time after the feed is fed, which is not favorable for the healthy growth of parent shrimps.

The invention has been described in detail with reference to specific embodiments and illustrative examples, but the description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various equivalent substitutions, modifications or improvements may be made to the technical solution of the present invention and its embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The parent lobster feed for Australia crayfishes is characterized by comprising inner-layer nutrient components and outer-layer nutrient components, wherein the inner-layer nutrient components comprise the following components in parts by weight:

2. the parent shrimp feed according to claim 1, wherein the protein component comprises animal protein and plant protein in a weight ratio of (40-60): 15;

the fat component is animal fat, preferably one or more selected from lard, beef tallow, chicken fat and fish oil.

3. The parent shrimp feed according to claim 1, wherein the mineral is a multi-mineral premix which is a mixture of three or more of potassium chloride, monocalcium phosphate, ferrous lactate, selenium yeast, sodium selenite, cobalt sulfate, zinc sulfate monohydrate, copper sulfate pentahydrate, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, zeolite powder, sodium fluoride, cobalt chloride monohydrate.

4. The parent shrimp feed according to claim 1, wherein said vitamin is a multivitamin premix comprising vitamin C, further comprising at least five of vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin E, inositol, calcium pantothenate, folic acid, nicotinic acid, inositol, microcrystalline cellulose, and choline chloride;

preferably, the vitamin is a mixture of vitamin C, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin E, calcium pantothenate, folic acid, inositol, and choline chloride;

5. The parent shrimp feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inner layer nutrient components further comprise an immunopotentiator, a phagostimulant and a complex enzyme, wherein the amounts of the immunopotentiator, the phagostimulant and the complex enzyme are 1.2-2.5 parts, 0.05-0.2 part and 0.06-0.15 part, respectively, based on 65 parts of protein components.

6. The parent shrimp feed according to claim 5, wherein the immunopotentiator is selected from one or more of chitin, chitosan, lycium barbarum polysaccharide, coriolus versicolor polysaccharide, burdock polysaccharide, taurine, garlic juice, lecithin and soy isoflavone.

7. The parent shrimp feed according to claim 1, wherein the outer layer nutrient composition is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the inner layer nutrient composition:

wherein the compound microbial inoculum is prepared from two or more of bifidobacterium, lactobacillus, microzyme, bacillus natto, photosynthetic bacteria and amino acid ferment bacteria;

preferably, the composite microbial agent is prepared from bifidobacterium, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus natto and photosynthetic bacteria, and the weight ratio of the composite microbial agent is 3: (6-8): (3-6): (0.5 to 1.0), preferably 3: (6-7): (4-5): (0.7-0.9).

8. The parent shrimp feed of claim 7 wherein the additive comprises the following ingredients in parts by weight:

10 portions of mulberry leaves

6-8 parts of Hangzhou white chrysanthemum

4-7 parts of liquorice.

9. A method for preparing a parent shrimp feed according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:

step 1, preparing inner layer nutrient components;

wherein, step 1 comprises the following substeps:

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that step 2 comprises the following sub-steps:

step 2-1, preparing the binder into slurry, and uniformly mixing the composite microbial inoculum, the plankton and the preparation with the composite microbial inoculum;