CN114158509A - Breeding method for rapid growth of red swamp crayfish - Google Patents
Breeding method for rapid growth of red swamp crayfish Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding red swamp crayfish for rapid growth, and belongs to the technical field of breeding of red swamp crayfish. And the breeding method for the rapid growth of the red swamp crayfish comprises the following steps: step one, pond finishing; step two, stocking the shrimp fries; step three, feeding; and step four, managing the culture water. The invention utilizes the gelatinization characteristic of the fish gelatin, improves the agglomeration performance of the feed particles, and avoids the damage phenomenon of the shrimp feed particles in the pressurizing treatment process; the houttuynia cordata extract has antibacterial and bactericidal effects, so that the death rate of the red swamp crayfish caused by fungi and bacteria is reduced; the self-cleaning filter layer is used as a mud layer at the bottom of the pond, the activated carbon layer is utilized to have larger void ratio and the characteristics of increasing dissolved oxygen and adsorbing dirt, so that the water body is sufficiently dissolved with oxygen, the water quality is kept fresh, the growth of the shrimps and the utilization of feed are facilitated, and the rapid growth of the red chelonian shrimps is promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of red swamp crayfish culture, and particularly relates to a culture method for rapid growth of red swamp crayfish.
Background
Red crayfish (Latin name: Cherax aquatica von Martens) also called Australia freshwater lobster, originally produced Australia, is one of the freshwater economic shrimp species. The shrimp body is brown green, and the top end of the outer chela is provided with a fresh red zone with membrane quality, so that the shrimp is beautiful and good-looking, and is known as red-chela shrimp. The shrimp live in fresh water for a lifetime, has the advantages of omnivorous feeding, high growth speed, high survival rate, high disease resistance, strong adaptability, hypoxia resistance, tender meat quality, delicious taste, long-distance transportation resistance, freshness and marketing, high market price and the like. Although the artificial breeding of the seedlings and the culture of the adult shrimps are successful, the culture mode is single, the artificial breeding mode is mostly pond culture, the technical difficulty is high, and the culture risk is high.
However, the current breeding technology of the red swamp crayfish is not mature, so that the breeding benefit of the red swamp crayfish is not high, and one important reason is the lack of the compound feed special for the red swamp crayfish. At present, the compound feed for the shrimps is generally used in the cultivation of the red swamp crayfish as the cultivation feed for the red swamp crayfish, which not only causes the increase of the cost, but also causes the low digestion and utilization rate of the feed, and further easily causes the deterioration of the water quality and influences the growth of the red swamp crayfish. For example, the application No. 201710946870.1 discloses an ecological breeding method for Australia crayfish, which comprises feeding feed and iced wild trash fish to feed Australia crayfish, wherein the feed is obtained by soaking whole oatmeal with probiotics and drying, the nutrient content is single, and the iced wild trash fish is difficult to digest and has low utilization rate for the Australia crayfish placed in short time, and the iced wild trash fish will not cause adverse effect on water quality.
Therefore, the invention provides a method for breeding the red swamp crayfish to grow quickly.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for breeding red swamp crayfish to grow quickly.
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: at present, the growth of the red swamp crayfish is influenced by improper selection and feeding of the feed in the red swamp crayfish culture.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for breeding the red swamp crayfish for quick growth includes the following steps:
step one, pond conditioning: selecting a pond with sufficient sunlight, sufficient water source, no pollution source and convenient drainage and irrigation, trimming the pond, sterilizing sludge at the bottom of the pond, placing for 9 days, and laying a self-cleaning filter layer at the bottom of the pond; injecting water into the pond, planting aquatic weeds at the edge of the water when the water depth is 10-15cm, and continuously injecting water into the pond after planting for 5-7 days until the depth of the water is 1-1.5 m;
step two, stocking the shrimp fries: selecting qualified shrimp seedlings, and stocking according to 4000 plus 6000 shrimp seedlings per mu;
step three, feeding: feeding the feed of the red swamp crayfish regularly, feeding once every 2 to 3 days, gradually increasing the feeding amount when the water temperature reaches above 18 ℃, switching to feeding every day, feeding once at 7 to 8 hours in the morning and feeding once at 5 to 6 hours in the afternoon, wherein the feeding amount of each time in the first 1 to 3 months is 6 to 10 percent of the weight of the crayfish, and then the feeding amount of each time is 3 to 6 percent of the weight of the crayfish;
step four, cultivation water management: changing water or adding fresh water 3-6 times per month, and applying photosynthetic bacteria and Chlorella once every 12-15 days.
Further, the step one of pond trimming comprises the steps of leveling pond dams, paving waterproof on the pond dams to prevent the pond from leaking water, building a water inlet and a water outlet, wherein the water outlet is arranged at a deep water position, the water inlet is arranged at a shallow water position, and the bottom of the pond is inclined to the water outlet by 2%; the method for disinfecting the sludge comprises the steps of slurrying quicklime, adding the slurried quicklime into the sludge, turning and flattening the slurry by using a rotary cultivator the next day to uniformly mix the sludge and the lime, wherein the dosage of the quicklime is 100-150 kg/mu.
Furthermore, the planting area of the aquatic plants in the first step accounts for 50-65% of the bottom area of the aquaculture pond.
Further, the self-cleaning filtering layer in the first step consists of an outer layer of two sand or hard soil layers and an intermediate layer of an activated carbon layer, wherein the thickness of the sand or hard soil layer is 7-10cm, and the thickness of the activated carbon layer is 6-9 cm.
And furthermore, the qualified shrimp seeds in the second step are alive in swimming, strong in bouncing performance, regular in specification, bright in body color and normal in body shape.
Furthermore, the method for injecting new water in the fourth step is that the water level rises by 7-9cm after injecting new water each time, the water changing method is that water is changed step by step, and the water changing amount is 1/3-1/2 of the original pool each time.
Further, the feed for the red swamp crayfish comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-75 parts of fish meal, 30-45 parts of earthworm powder, 20-40 parts of soybean meal, 10-20 parts of peanut meal, 10-14 parts of fish oil, 10-14 parts of corn oil, 11-16 parts of bone meal, 5-12 parts of vitamins, 3-8 parts of yeast powder, 3-8 parts of probiotics, 1.5-4.5 parts of houttuynia cordata extract, 8-16 parts of corn starch and 1.5-5.5 parts of fish gelatin.
The feed for the red swamp crayfish is prepared by the following steps:
s1, mixing fish meal, earthworm powder, bean pulp, peanut meal, bone meal, vitamins, yeast powder, probiotics, corn starch and fish gelatin, grinding and sieving, adding fish oil, corn oil and houttuynia cordata extract, stirring at the speed of 700 plus one 1200r/min for 20-40min, introducing water vapor at 135 ℃ for conditioning for 4-9min, transferring the material to an extrusion puffing machine for puffing and cutting to prepare puffed particles;
s2, transferring the expanded particles into a density controller, pressurizing with air to reduce the volume of the expanded particles, compressing the expanded particles until the density is not less than 1.02g/mL, and drying at 130 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the feed for the red-swamp crayfish.
Further, the screening in S1 is 100 mesh.
Further, the houttuynia cordata extract in the S1 is prepared by the following method: grinding herba Houttuyniae, sieving with 50-100 mesh sieve, adding 70-80% ethanol 10-13 times of the herba Houttuyniae powder, leaching at 50-65 deg.C for 2 hr, filtering, and concentrating to obtain herba Houttuyniae extract.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the fish gelatin and the houttuynia cordata extract are introduced into the feed of the red crayfish, on one hand, the gelatin is introduced to improve the agglomeration performance of the feed particles of the red crayfish, so that the feed particles of the red crayfish are not easy to damage in the pressurizing treatment process, the pulverization rate is reduced, and then the density of the feed of the red crayfish is improved by pressurizing with air, so that the feed of the red crayfish is not easy to scatter along with the water in a pool when in use, the concentrated feeding of the red crayfish is facilitated, and the utilization rate of the feed of the red crayfish is improved; on the other hand, the heartleaf houttuynia herb extract is introduced, so that the antibacterial and bactericidal effect of the heartleaf houttuynia herb extract is utilized, the death rate of the red swamp crayfish caused by fungi and bacteria is reduced, and the survival rate of the red swamp crayfish is improved;
according to the invention, the self-cleaning filter layer is used as a mud layer at the bottom of the pond, a clean pond bottom mud system with self-recovery is provided for the cultivation of the red crayfish, the activated carbon layer is used as a sandwich layer, the activated carbon layer has larger porosity, has the characteristics of increasing dissolved oxygen and adsorbing dirt, and is used as the sandwich layer, on one hand, the larger dissolved oxygen can avoid anaerobic decay of putrefactive roots at the bottom of the pond, so that the infection of the red crayfish germs is avoided, on the other hand, the dirt is adsorbed to play a role of self-cleaning the water body of the pond, therefore, the use of the self-cleaning filter layer can ensure that the oxygen dissolved in the water body is sufficient, the water quality is kept fresh, the growth of the shrimps and the utilization of the feed are facilitated, and the rapid growth of the red crayfish is promoted.
In summary, the present invention provides a method for cultivating a red swamp crayfish for promoting the rapid growth of the red swamp crayfish and effectively preventing a disease of the red swamp crayfish.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the feed for the red swamp crayfish comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of fish meal, 30 parts of earthworm powder, 20 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of peanut meal, 10 parts of fish oil, 10 parts of corn oil, 11 parts of bone meal, 5 parts of vitamins, 3 parts of yeast powder, 3 parts of probiotics, 1.5 parts of houttuynia cordata extract, 8 parts of corn starch and 1.5 parts of fish gelatin.
The feed for the red swamp crayfish is prepared by the following steps:
s1, mixing fish meal, earthworm powder, bean pulp, peanut meal, bone meal, vitamins, yeast powder, probiotics, corn starch and fish gelatin, grinding and sieving, adding fish oil, corn oil and houttuynia cordata extract, stirring at 700r/min for 20min, introducing water vapor at 135 ℃ for conditioning for 4min, transferring the material to an extrusion puffing machine for puffing and cutting to obtain puffed particles, wherein the sieving is 100-mesh sieving;
s2, transferring the expanded particles into a density controller, pressurizing with air to reduce the volume of the expanded particles, compressing the expanded particles until the density is not less than 1.02g/mL, and drying at 130 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the feed for the red-swamp crayfish.
The houttuynia cordata extract is prepared by the following method: grinding herba Houttuyniae, sieving with 50 mesh sieve, adding 70% ethanol with a mass ratio of 10 times of herba Houttuyniae powder, leaching at 50 deg.C for 2 hr, filtering, and concentrating to obtain herba Houttuyniae extract.
Example 2:
the feed for the red swamp crayfish comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 66 parts of fish meal, 38 parts of earthworm powder, 30 parts of soybean meal, 15 parts of peanut meal, 12 parts of fish oil, 12 parts of corn oil, 13 parts of bone meal, 7 parts of vitamin, 4 parts of yeast powder, 5 parts of probiotics, 3 parts of houttuynia cordata extract, 12 parts of corn starch and 3 parts of fish gelatin.
The feed for the red swamp crayfish is prepared by the following steps: refer to the procedure in example 1.
The houttuynia cordata extract is prepared by the following method: grinding herba Houttuyniae, sieving with 80 mesh sieve, adding 80% ethanol with a mass fraction of 12 times of that of herba Houttuyniae powder, leaching at 60 deg.C for 2 hr, filtering, and concentrating to obtain herba Houttuyniae extract.
Example 3:
the feed for the red swamp crayfish comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75 parts of fish meal, 45 parts of earthworm powder, 40 parts of soybean meal, 20 parts of peanut meal, 14 parts of fish oil, 14 parts of corn oil, 16 parts of bone meal, 12 parts of vitamin, 8 parts of yeast powder, 8 parts of probiotics, 4.5 parts of houttuynia cordata extract, 16 parts of corn starch and 5.5 parts of fish gelatin.
The feed for the red swamp crayfish is prepared by the following steps: refer to the procedure in example 1.
The houttuynia cordata extract is prepared by the following method: grinding herba Houttuyniae, sieving with 100 mesh sieve, adding 70% ethanol with a mass fraction 13 times of that of herba Houttuyniae powder, leaching at 50 deg.C for 2 hr, filtering, and concentrating to obtain herba Houttuyniae extract.
Example 4:
a method for breeding the red swamp crayfish for quick growth includes the following steps:
step one, pond conditioning: selecting a pond with sufficient sunlight, sufficient water source, no pollution source and convenient drainage and irrigation, and finishing the pond, wherein the pond comprises the steps of flattening a pond and a dam, paving waterproof on the pond and preventing the pond from leaking water, constructing a water inlet and a water outlet, arranging the water outlet at a deep water position, arranging the water inlet at a shallow water position, and inclining the bottom of the pond to the water outlet by 2%; the method comprises the steps of pulping quicklime, adding the slurried quicklime into the sludge, turning and flattening the sludge by a rotary cultivator the next day to enable the sludge and the lime to be uniformly mixed, wherein the consumption of the quicklime is 100 kg/mu, placing the sludge for 9 days, laying a 7cm thick sand layer on the bottom of the pond, laying a 6cm thick activated carbon layer on the sand layer, and finally laying a 7cm thick hard soil layer; injecting water into the pond, planting aquatic plants at the edge of the water when the water depth is 10cm, and continuously injecting water into the pond until the water depth is 1m after the planting of the aquatic plants accounts for 5 days of 50% of the bottom area of the aquaculture pond;
step two, stocking the shrimp fries: selecting qualified shrimp seeds, and stocking the shrimp seeds according to 4000 tails/mu, wherein the qualified shrimp seeds have the advantages of swimming vitality, strong bouncing property, regular specification, bright body color and normal body shape;
step three, feeding: feeding the feed of the red swamp crayfish prepared in the example 1 regularly, wherein the feed is fed once every 2 days, the feeding amount is gradually increased when the water temperature reaches more than 18 ℃, the feeding is changed into daily feeding, the feeding is performed once at 7-8 am and 5-6 pm, the feeding amount is 6 percent of the weight of the crayfish every 1-3 months, and the feeding amount is 3-6 percent of the weight of the crayfish every time;
step four, cultivation water management: changing water or adding fresh water 3 times per month, and applying photosynthetic bacteria and chlorella once per 12 days, wherein the water level is increased by 7cm after each fresh water injection, and the water changing method comprises gradually changing water, and the water changing amount is 1/3 of the original pool.
Example 5:
a method for breeding the red swamp crayfish for quick growth includes the following steps:
step one, pond conditioning: selecting a pond with sufficient sunlight, sufficient water source, no pollution source and convenient drainage and irrigation, and finishing the pond, wherein the pond comprises the steps of flattening a pond and a dam, paving waterproof on the pond and preventing the pond from leaking water, constructing a water inlet and a water outlet, arranging the water outlet at a deep water position, arranging the water inlet at a shallow water position, and inclining the bottom of the pond to the water outlet by 2%; the sludge at the bottom of the pond is disinfected, the sludge is added into the sludge after quicklime is slurried, the sludge and the lime are turned and flattened by a rotary cultivator the next day, the sludge and the lime are uniformly mixed, the consumption of the quicklime is 120 kg/mu, the sludge is placed for 9 days, a hard soil layer with the thickness of 8cm is paved at the bottom of the pond again, an active carbon layer with the thickness of 6cm is paved on the hard soil layer, and finally a hard soil layer with the thickness of 8cm is paved; injecting water into the pond, planting aquatic plants at the edge of the water when the water depth is 13cm, and continuously injecting water into the pond until the water depth is 1.2m after the planting of the aquatic plants accounting for 50% of the bottom area of the aquaculture pond for 7 days;
step two, stocking the shrimp fries: the same as the second step in example 4;
step three, feeding: feeding the feed of the red swamp crayfish prepared in the example 2 regularly, wherein the feed is fed once in 3 days, the feeding amount is gradually increased when the water temperature reaches more than 18 ℃, the feeding is changed into daily feeding, the feeding is performed once at 7-8 am and 5-6 pm, the feeding amount is 7% of the weight of the crayfish every time in the first 1-3 months, and the feeding amount is 4% of the weight of the crayfish every time;
step four, cultivation water management: the water is changed or the fresh water is added for 4 times every month, and the photosynthetic bacteria and the chlorella are applied once every 13 days, wherein the water level is increased by 8cm after the fresh water is injected each time, the water is changed step by step, and the water changing amount is 1/4 of the original pool each time.
Example 6:
a method for breeding the red swamp crayfish for quick growth includes the following steps:
step one, pond conditioning: selecting a pond with sufficient sunlight, sufficient water source, no pollution source and convenient drainage and irrigation, and finishing the pond, wherein the pond comprises the steps of flattening a pond and a dam, paving waterproof on the pond and preventing the pond from leaking water, constructing a water inlet and a water outlet, arranging the water outlet at a deep water position, arranging the water inlet at a shallow water position, and inclining the bottom of the pond to the water outlet by 2%; the sludge at the bottom of the pond is disinfected, the disinfection method of the sludge is that quicklime is slurried and then added into the sludge, the sludge is turned and flattened by a rotary cultivator the next day, the sludge and the lime are uniformly mixed, the consumption of the quicklime is 150 kg/mu, the sludge is placed for 9 days, a 10cm thick sand layer is paved at the bottom of the pond again, a 9cm thick activated carbon layer is paved on the sand layer, and finally a 10cm thick sand layer is paved; injecting water into the pond, planting aquatic plants at the edge of the water when the water depth is 15cm, and continuously injecting water into the pond until the water depth is 1.5m after the planting of the aquatic plants accounting for 65% of the bottom area of the aquaculture pond for 7 days;
step two, stocking the shrimp fries: the same as the second step in example 4;
step three, feeding: feeding the feed of the red swamp crayfish prepared in the example 2 regularly, wherein the feed is fed once in 3 days, the feeding amount is gradually increased when the water temperature reaches more than 18 ℃, the feeding is changed into daily feeding, the feeding is performed once at 7-8 am and 5-6 pm, the feeding amount is 10% of the weight of the crayfish every 1-3 months, and the feeding amount is 6% of the weight of the crayfish every time;
step four, cultivation water management: the water is changed or fresh water is added for 6 times every month, and the photosynthetic bacteria and the chlorella are applied once every 15 days, wherein the fresh water is injected by the method that the water level rises by 9cm after the fresh water is injected each time, the water is changed gradually by the method that the water is changed gradually, and the water changing amount is 1/2 of the original pool each time.
Comparative example 1:
the feed for the red swamp crayfish comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of fish meal, 30 parts of earthworm powder, 20 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of peanut meal, 10 parts of fish oil, 10 parts of corn oil, 11 parts of bone meal, 5 parts of vitamins, 3 parts of yeast powder, 3 parts of probiotics, 8 parts of corn starch and 1.5 parts of fish gelatin.
The feed for the red swamp crayfish is prepared by the following steps: the same procedure as in example 1.
Comparative example 2:
the feed for the red swamp crayfish comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 66 parts of fish meal, 38 parts of earthworm powder, 30 parts of soybean meal, 15 parts of peanut meal, 12 parts of fish oil, 12 parts of corn oil, 13 parts of bone meal, 7 parts of vitamin, 4 parts of yeast powder, 5 parts of probiotics, 3 parts of houttuynia cordata extract and 12 parts of corn starch.
The feed for the red swamp crayfish is prepared by the following steps: refer to the procedure in example 1.
The houttuynia cordata extract is prepared by the following method: refer to the procedure in example 2.
Comparative example 3:
a method for breeding the red swamp crayfish comprises the following steps: compared with the example 4, in the step one, the operation of paving a 7cm thick sand layer at the bottom of the pond, paving a 6cm thick activated carbon layer on the sand layer and finally paving a 7cm thick hard soil layer is deleted, and the rest is the same.
Comparative example 4:
a method for breeding the red swamp crayfish comprises the following steps: compared to example 5, a feed for crayfish is prepared for comparative example 1, and the rest is the same.
Comparative example 5:
a method for breeding the red swamp crayfish comprises the following steps: compared to example 6, a feed for crayfish is prepared for comparative example 2, and the rest is the same.
Example 7:
the survival rate of the finally harvested red swamp crayfish and the average weight of the crayfish are counted by sampling according to the culture methods of examples 4 to 6 and comparative examples 3 to 5, and the data are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the above data, the survival rates of the breeding methods of examples 4-5 were higher than those of the breeding methods of comparative examples 3-5, and the average weight of the harvested red swamp crayfish was also heavier than that of the harvested red swamp crayfish of comparative examples 3-5.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing is illustrative and explanatory only and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments described, and various modifications, additions, and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention or exceeding the scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for breeding the red swamp crayfish for quick growth is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, pond conditioning: trimming the pond, disinfecting sludge at the bottom of the pond, standing for 9 days, and paving a self-cleaning filter layer at the bottom of the pond; injecting water into the pond, planting aquatic weeds at the edge of the water when the water depth is 10-15cm, and continuously injecting water into the pond after planting for 5-7 days until the depth of the water is 1-1.5 m;
step two, stocking the shrimp fries: selecting qualified shrimp seedlings, and stocking according to 4000 plus 6000 shrimp seedlings per mu;
step three, feeding: feeding the feed of the red swamp crayfish regularly, feeding the feed once every 2 to 3 days, gradually increasing the feeding amount when the water temperature is higher than 18 ℃, switching to feeding every day, feeding the feed once at 7 to 8 hours in the morning and feeding the feed once at 5 to 6 hours in the afternoon, wherein the feeding amount of the feed is 6 to 10 percent of the weight of the crayfish every 1 to 3 months, and then the feeding amount of the feed is 3 to 6 percent of the weight of the crayfish every time;
step four, cultivation water management: changing water or adding fresh water 3-6 times per month, and applying photosynthetic bacteria and Chlorella once every 12-15 days.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: and the sludge sterilization method in the first step is that the quicklime is slurried and then added into the sludge, and the sludge and the quicklime are uniformly mixed by turning and flattening by using a rotary cultivator the next day, wherein the consumption of the quicklime is 100-150 kg/mu.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in the first step, the planting area of the aquatic plants accounts for 50-65% of the bottom area of the aquaculture pond.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the self-cleaning filtering layer consists of two outer layers of sandy or hard soil layers and an intermediate layer of an activated carbon layer, wherein the thickness of the sandy or hard soil layer is 7-10cm, and the thickness of the activated carbon layer is 6-9 cm.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the feed for the red swamp crayfish comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-75 parts of fish meal, 30-45 parts of earthworm powder, 20-40 parts of soybean meal, 10-20 parts of peanut meal, 10-14 parts of fish oil, 10-14 parts of corn oil, 11-16 parts of bone meal, 5-12 parts of vitamins, 3-8 parts of yeast powder, 3-8 parts of probiotics, 1.5-4.5 parts of houttuynia cordata extract, 8-16 parts of corn starch and 1.5-5.5 parts of fish gelatin.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the feed for the red swamp crayfish is prepared by the following steps:
s1, mixing fish meal, earthworm powder, bean pulp, peanut meal, bone meal, vitamins, yeast powder, probiotics, corn starch and fish gelatin, grinding, sieving, adding fish oil, corn oil and herba Houttuyniae extract, stirring for 20-40min, introducing steam at 135 deg.C for tempering for 4-9min, puffing, and cutting to obtain puffed particles;
s2, pressing the expanded particles until the density is not less than 1.02g/mL, and then drying at 130 ℃ to obtain the feed for the red crayfish.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the method comprises the steps of: and sieving in S1 to obtain 100 mesh powder.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the houttuynia cordata extract in the S1 is prepared by the following method: grinding herba Houttuyniae, sieving with 50-100 mesh sieve, adding 70-80% ethanol 10-13 times of the herba Houttuyniae powder, leaching at 50-65 deg.C for 2 hr, filtering, and concentrating to obtain herba Houttuyniae extract.
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