CN110679787A - Special functional ecological feed for river crabs - Google Patents
Special functional ecological feed for river crabs Download PDFInfo
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- CN110679787A CN110679787A CN201911100846.1A CN201911100846A CN110679787A CN 110679787 A CN110679787 A CN 110679787A CN 201911100846 A CN201911100846 A CN 201911100846A CN 110679787 A CN110679787 A CN 110679787A
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- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
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- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
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- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
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Abstract
The invention discloses a special functional ecological feed for river crabs. Comprises imported fish meal, fermented soybean meal, meat meal, peanut meal, fermented cottonseed meal, corn meal, high gluten flour, wheat bran, chicken viscera powder, a special phagostimulant, haematococcus pluvialis, fish oil, corn oil, phytase, compound bacillus, compound mineral salt, calcium lactate, compound vitamin and vitamin C phosphate. The feed can obviously improve the immunologic function of the river crabs while ensuring the normal growth of the river crabs. Meanwhile, the problems of overhigh nitrogen and phosphorus of the feed and serious environmental pollution in the river crab culture process are effectively solved, the nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in the culture water body can be obviously reduced, and the ecological benefit is good.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture, relates to feed, and particularly relates to special functional ecological feed for river crabs.
Background
The river crab is a rare freshwater product, has delicious taste and rich nutrition, and has very high economic value. In order to meet the needs of consumers and obtain greater income, the culture scale of river crabs is gradually enlarged, and the culture modes comprise intensive culture, mixed culture, rice crab culture and the like. Diseases occur occasionally in the river crab culture process, the utilization rate of river crab feed is not high, the feed intake of river crabs is general, and residual feed and excrement which is not completely digested enter water, so that the nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in the water body of the river crabs is high, on one hand, water quality is deteriorated, the diseases are caused, on the other hand, the pressure on the surrounding environment is intensified, and therefore, on the basis of a large amount of research, the special functional ecological feed for the river crabs is developed.
Through searching, the following 4 published patent documents related to the present patent application are found:
(1) CN200810023629.2 discloses an environment-friendly river crab feed, which comprises fish meal, blood meal (AP301), cuttlefish paste, bean pulp, peanut cake, rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal, wheat, high flour, soybean lecithin, defatted rice bran, corn protein feed (DDGS), malt roots, fish oil, vegetable oil, phytase, monocalcium phosphate and a special phagostimulant for river crabs. The feed of the invention can improve the utilization rate of the feed for the river crabs, thereby improving the breeding benefit, reducing the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in the feed and improving the breeding water quality.
(2) CN201810716697.0 discloses a novel river crab feed added with active peptide of marine source and a preparation method thereof, the weight percentage of the raw materials for preparing the river crab feed is as follows: 20-30% of soybean meal; 13-18% of peanut meal; 3-6% of protein peptide powder; 20-25% of fish meal; 6-10% of meat meal; 3-5% of squid liver paste; 18-25% of flour; 3% -5% of shrimp meal; yeast powder: 4 to 8 percent; 2-5% of fish oil; 1.8 percent of calcium dihydrogen phosphate. The novel river crab feed can improve the digestibility, the immunity and the disease resistance, and has the advantages of good stability in water and reduction of water body pollution.
(3) CN201811263573.8 discloses an ecological river crab feed and a preparation method thereof, wherein the feed is prepared from the following raw materials: the feed comprises the following components of fully-defatted steam fish meal, meat meal, fermented rapeseed meal, peanut cakes, wheat, corn, fly maggots, high gluten flour, soybean phospholipid oil, fish oil, palm oil, oyster shell powder, mannan-oligosaccharide, a crab premix, selenomethionine and composite probiotics. The use of the fermented rapeseed meal and the composite probiotics enhances the utilization rate of the feed; meanwhile, the adopted processes of partial raw material puffing and low-temperature granulating avoid the loss of heat-sensitive nutrient substances in the feed processing process and also keep a certain amount of probiotics in the finished product. When the ecological river crab feed is used for feeding river crabs, the survival rate, disease resistance, finished product quality and specification of the river crabs can be obviously improved, the feed coefficient is reduced, the culture water body is less polluted and stable, the ecological river crab feed is more ecological and environment-friendly, and the increase in both production and income of farmers is promoted.
(4) CN201811002652.3 discloses a river crab feed containing composite probiotics and Chinese herbal medicines, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of flour, 5-10 parts of soybean meal, 3-5 parts of peanut meal, 4-8 parts of rapeseed meal, 20-35 parts of meat meal, 0.5-1.5 parts of phospholipid powder, 1-2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 5-9 parts of vegetable oil, 0.2-0.5 part of multivitamin, 1.0-1.5 parts of compound mineral, 0.10-0.15 part of choline chloride, 0.01-0.02 part of mildew preventive, 8-12 parts of Chinese herbal medicine extract and 5-10 parts of compound probiotic preparation. The river crab feed can obviously improve the disease resistance of river crabs, promote the growth of carapace and improve the yield of the river crabs.
By comparison, the technical scheme and the extraction object of the above patent publications are different from the present patent application in nature.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the existing product and provide a special functional ecological feed for river crabs. The feed can remarkably improve the immunologic function of the river crab while ensuring the normal growth of the river crab. Meanwhile, the problems of overhigh nitrogen and phosphorus of the feed and serious environmental pollution in the river crab culture process are effectively solved, the nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in the culture water body can be obviously reduced, and the ecological benefit is good.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a special functional ecological feed for river crabs, which comprises the following nutritional components in percentage by mass: 26-30% of protein, 4-7% of fat, 6-10% of ash, 46-53% of nitrogen-free extract, 5-8% of crude fiber and 6-10% of water.
The raw materials of the feed generally comprise a protein source raw material, a fat source raw material, a carbohydrate raw material, an antioxidant, a special phagostimulant, composite bacillus, composite vitamins, composite mineral salt and chitosan.
As a preferred scheme, the protein source raw material is formed by mixing a mixture of high-quality fish meal, peanut meal, fermented soybean meal, rapeseed meal, fermented cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, meat meal, chicken viscera powder and shrimp shell powder. The additive amount of the feed additive accounts for the total mass of the feed and is respectively as follows: 12-14% of high-quality fish meal, 8-10% of fermented soybean meal, 5-7% of meat meal, 4-7% of peanut meal, 5-9% of rapeseed meal, 5-10% of fermented cottonseed meal, 6-10% of shrimp shell meal and 2-4% of chicken viscera powder.
As a preferred scheme, the fat source raw materials consist of fish oil and soybean oil, and the addition amount of the raw materials in the total mass of the feed is as follows: 1-2% of fish oil and 1-3% of corn oil.
As a preferred scheme, the carbohydrate raw materials are high-gluten flour, corn flour and wheat bran, and the addition amounts of the carbohydrate raw materials in the total mass of the feed are respectively as follows: 4-7% of corn flour, 18-22% of high gluten flour and 5-9% of wheat bran.
As a preferred embodiment, the vitamins have the following composition: vitamin C phosphate and compound vitamin, wherein the addition amount of the vitamin C phosphate accounts for 0.4 to 1 percent of the total mass of the feed; the adding amount of the compound multi-dimensional mixture accounts for 1-2% of the total mass of the feed.
As a preferred scheme, the mineral salt comprises the following components in percentage by mass: the addition amount of the compound mineral salt accounts for 1-2% of the total mass of the feed, and the calcium lactate accounts for 0.5-2%.
As a preferred scheme, the immunopotentiator is vitamin C phosphate and haematococcus pluvialis, and the immunopotentiator accounts for the following components in percentage by weight of the total mass of the feed: 0.4-1% and 0.3-0.8%.
As a preferred scheme, the special phagostimulant comprises the following components: 20-30% of betaine, 15-20% of alanine, 15-20% of earthworm powder, 10-15% of liquorice, 10-15% of clove and 15-25% of codonopsis pilosula. The feed is obtained by compounding after unidirectional screening, so that the feeding of river crabs is promoted, and the digestibility of the feed is improved.
As a preferable scheme, the bacillus compositus comprises the following components: 20-30% of bacillus licheniformis, 15-20% of bacillus pumilus, 10-20% of bacillus coagulans, 15-20% of bacillus vallismortis and 15-25% of bacillus megaterium. The feed is obtained by compounding after unidirectional screening, the digestibility of the feed is improved, and the composition of intestinal flora is improved.
As a preferable scheme, the enzyme preparation is phytase, and accounts for 0.2-0.8% of the total mass of the feed.
As a preferable scheme, the ecdysis growth promoting substance is ecdysone, and accounts for 0.1-0.4% of the total mass of the feed.
The feed is suitable for middle stage of river crab culture (6-8 months, stage of high disease development of river crab).
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
(1) the formula is formed on the basis of the research on the river crab nutrition system, so that the formula has better experimental basis and scientific basis and can meet the nutrition requirement of the river crab;
(2) the feed raw material nutrient substance of the feed has higher digestibility: the protein digestibility of the river crab to the protein source material in the feed is more than 80 percent through the research of the digestibility;
(3) according to the feed raw materials, the using amount of the fish meal in the formula is reduced, so that the protein level and the phosphorus content of the feed are correspondingly reduced, the feed cost is favorably reduced, the emission of nitrogen and phosphorus is reduced, the self pollution of prawn culture is reduced, and the pollution pressure of the surrounding environment is relieved;
(4) the special phagostimulant and the compound bacillus are added into the feed, so that the feeding, digestion and absorption of river crabs are promoted;
(5) the phytase is added into the feed, and the utilization rate of the phosphorus in the feed is improved by decomposing the phytic acid and the complex thereof in the feed into the inorganic phosphorus and inositol which can be utilized;
(6) the invention adds vitamin C and haematococcus pluvialis into the feed, thereby not only enhancing the body immunity of the river crabs, but also improving the survival rate of the breeding.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are intended to be illustrative, not limiting and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
A functional ecological feed special for river crabs is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 13% of high-quality fish meal, 8% of fermented soybean meal, 5% of meat meal, 6% of peanut meal, 7% of rapeseed meal, 8% of fermented cottonseed meal, 7% of shrimp shell meal, 5% of corn meal, 20% of high gluten flour, 6% of wheat bran, 4% of chicken viscera powder, 2% of a special phagostimulant, 0.7% of haematococcus pluvialis, 1.2% of fish oil, 2% of corn oil, 0.6% of phytase, 0.7% of bacillus compositus, 0.3% of dehullent vitamin, 1% of composite mineral salt, 1% of calcium lactate, 1% of composite vitamin and 0.5% of vitamin C.
The special phagostimulant comprises the following components: 24% of betaine, 18% of alanine, 18% of earthworm powder, 12% of liquorice, 13% of clove and 15% of codonopsis pilosula.
The composite bacillus is: 27% of bacillus licheniformis, 18% of bacillus pumilus, 16% of bacillus coagulans, 14% of bacillus vallismortis and 25% of bacillus megaterium.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing the raw material components (sieved by a sieve of 80 meshes) according to percentage, and processing the mixture into granulated feed with the grain diameter of 3 mm.
When the feed is used for feeding the river crabs for 2 months, the digestibility of the river crabs reaches 85.23 percent, the daily specific growth rate is 2.95 percent, the activities of hemolymph and liver and pancreas superoxide dismutase of the river crabs are respectively improved by 15.14 percent and 13.67 percent, the activities of phenol oxidase are respectively improved by 20.67 percent and 16.53 percent, the total nitrogen concentration in a water body is reduced by 18.34 percent, and the total phosphorus concentration is reduced by 15.26 percent.
Example 2
A functional ecological feed special for river crabs is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 14% of high-quality fish meal, 9% of fermented soybean meal, 6% of meat meal, 4% of peanut meal, 5% of rapeseed meal, 9% of fermented cottonseed meal, 8% of shrimp shell meal, 6% of corn meal, 19% of high gluten flour, 7% of wheat bran, 3% of chicken viscera powder, 1.6% of special phagostimulant, 0.6% of haematococcus pluvialis, 1% of fish oil, 1.5% of corn oil, 0.5% of phytase, 0.5% of bacillus compositus, 0.2% of dehullent, 1% of composite mineral salt, 1.2% of calcium lactate, 1.1% of composite vitamin and 0.8% of vitamin C phosphate.
The special phagostimulant comprises the following components: 25% of betaine, 20% of alanine, 15% of earthworm powder, 15% of liquorice, 11% of clove and 14% of codonopsis pilosula.
The composite bacillus is: 28% of bacillus licheniformis, 16% of bacillus pumilus, 17% of bacillus coagulans, 15% of bacillus vallismortis and 24% of bacillus megaterium.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing the raw material components (sieved by a sieve of 80 meshes) according to percentage, and processing the mixture into granulated feed with the grain diameter of 3 mm.
When the feed is used for feeding the river crabs for 2 months, the digestibility of the river crabs reaches 86.32 percent, the daily specific growth rate is 3.01 percent, the activities of hemolymph and liver and pancreas superoxide dismutase of the river crabs are respectively improved by 14.98 percent and 12.34 percent, the activities of phenol oxidase are respectively improved by 18.76 percent and 15.65 percent, the total nitrogen concentration in a water body is reduced by 17.67 percent, and the total phosphorus concentration is reduced by 15.01 percent.
Example 3
A functional ecological feed special for river crabs is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 12% of high-quality fish meal, 7% of fermented soybean meal, 7% of meat meal, 7% of peanut meal, 6% of rapeseed meal, 6% of fermented cottonseed meal, 9% of shrimp shell meal, 4% of corn meal, 21% of high gluten flour, 8% of wheat bran, 2% of chicken viscera powder, 1% of special phagostimulant, 0.8% of haematococcus pluvialis, 2% of fish oil, 1% of corn oil, 0.7% of phytase, 0.9% of bacillus compositus, 0.4% of dehullent element, 1.2% of composite mineral salt, 0.8% of calcium lactate, 1.5% of composite vitamin and 0.7% of vitamin C phosphate.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing the raw material components (sieved by a sieve of 80 meshes) according to percentage, and processing the mixture into granulated feed with the grain diameter of 3 mm.
The special phagostimulant comprises the following components: 26% of betaine, 15% of alanine, 20% of earthworm powder, 13% of liquorice, 12% of clove and 14% of codonopsis pilosula.
The composite bacillus is: 27% of bacillus licheniformis, 19% of bacillus pumilus, 19% of bacillus coagulans, 13% of bacillus vallismortis and 22% of bacillus megaterium.
When the feed is used for feeding the river crabs for 2 months, the digestibility of the river crabs reaches 84.19 percent, the daily specific growth rate is 3.24 percent, the activities of hemolymph and liver and pancreas superoxide dismutase of the river crabs are respectively improved by 14.89 percent and 13.24 percent, the activities of phenol oxidase are respectively improved by 19.16 percent and 14.98 percent, the total nitrogen concentration in a water body is reduced by 19.13 percent, and the total phosphorus concentration is reduced by 14.88 percent.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, and these changes and modifications are all within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A special functional ecological feed for river crabs is characterized in that: the feed comprises the following raw material components in percentage by mass: 12-14% of high-quality fish meal, 8-10% of fermented soybean meal, 5-7% of meat meal, 4-7% of peanut meal, 5-9% of rapeseed meal, 5-10% of fermented cottonseed meal, 6-10% of shrimp shell meal, 4-7% of corn flour, 18-22% of high-gluten flour, 5-9% of wheat bran, 2-4% of chicken viscera powder, 1-2% of special phagostimulant, 0.3-0.8% of haematococcus pluvialis, 1-2% of fish oil, 1-2% of corn oil, 0.2-0.8% of phytase, 0.5-1% of bacillus compositus, 0.1-0.4% of dehulled vitamin, 1-2% of composite mineral salt, 0.5-2% of calcium lactate, 1-2% of composite vitamin and 0.4-1% of vitamin C.
2. The special functional ecological feed for river crabs according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the special phagostimulant comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20-30% of betaine, 15-20% of alanine, 15-20% of earthworm powder, 10-15% of liquorice, 10-15% of clove and 15-25% of codonopsis pilosula.
3. The special functional ecological feed for river crabs according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the composite bacillus comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20-30% of bacillus licheniformis, 15-20% of bacillus pumilus, 10-20% of bacillus coagulans, 15-20% of bacillus vallismortis and 15-25% of bacillus megaterium.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111165652A (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2020-05-19 | 博益德（北京）生物科技有限公司 | Fermented feed for river crabs as well as preparation method and application of fermented feed |
| CN112655621A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-04-16 | 马鞍山市徽农农业科技发展有限公司 | River crab culture method for improving acre yield |
| CN113749198A (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2021-12-07 | 上海海洋大学 | Formula and processing method of low-phosphorus formed compound feed suitable for breeding river crab species |
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| CN113749198A (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2021-12-07 | 上海海洋大学 | Formula and processing method of low-phosphorus formed compound feed suitable for breeding river crab species |
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