CN101258900A - Environment-friendly type feed for river crab - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an environment friendly river crab feed, which consists of fish meal, blood meal (AP301), cuttlefish cream, soybean meal, peanut cake, rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal, wheat, strong flour, granulesten, defatted rice bran, corn gluten feed (DDGS), malt root, fish oil, vegetable oil, phytase, calcium biphosphate and special phagostimulant for the river crab. The utilization rate of the feed for the river crab can be improved by adopting the environment friendly river crab feed of the invention, thereby promoting the benefit of breeding, reducing the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in the feed and improving the water quality of the breeding.

Description

A kind of environment-friendly type feed for river crab

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of feed that is exclusively used in river crab, be specifically related to a kind of environment-friendly type feed for river crab, be particularly suitable for the improvement of culture of Chinese mitten crab water quality and culture the tail water qualified discharge.

Background technology

River crab is the fresh water crab of China's output maximum, and its edible part protein content is 14%, and fat content is 5.9%, carbohydrate content is 7%, contain several amino acids and vitamin, be the hat of conventional aquatic products, become the important aquaculture kind in the Yangtze river basin.Along with the progress of society and the needs of vegetable basket project, its production meaning and economic benefit obtain fully certainly.China's river crab output reached about 450,000 tons in 2005, and cultured area has the trend of further expansion.

Because river crab nocturnalism is many, timid, it is slow to ingest, and with stinging the gripping feed, because its oral cavity is surrounded by jaw, the situation of feed can appear missing while eating again when ingesting, therefore, feed for river crab also should have characteristics such as water stability height, length of water-fast bubble time except having good nutrition and palatability, and the quality of its quality is one of culture of Chinese mitten crab key of success technology.

On the other hand, can produce water pollution problems in the aquaculture process.The water pollution problems of China is quite serious, and to 13.46 ten thousand kilometers rivers, the whole nation and 322 water quality assessments that reservoir carries out, nearly 40% river has been subjected to severe contamination according to relevant department.In seven big water systems 412 monitoring sections of the whole nation, the water of bad V class accounts for 27.9%, and promptly nearly 1/3 to be used for the water of agricultural irrigation all defective, and the underground water in 90% city is contaminated.In some areas and basin, water pollute obviously presented from the Zhi Liuxiang master stream extend, from the city to the rural area spread, from the face of land to underground infiltration, from land to the trend (Li Guoqiang, 2006) of ocean development.

Zhang Weili etc. (2004) research points out that the key problem that Chinese water pollutes is nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) eutrophication.In general, inorganic nitrogen and total phosphorus are respectively 300 milligrams/cubic metre and 20 milligrams/cubic metre, just can think that water body has been in the eutrophication state.And according to the observation of geographical lake, Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing research institute, present whole Taihu Lake average N, P content are higher than standard respectively more than 10 times.Therefore, cutting down N, P inflow is the key that water pollution is administered.From N, P pollution source, with regard to Taihu Lake, in the eutrophication material in the water body, the nutrient contribution rate that flows into Taihu Lake from the farmland accounts for 20%, account for 40% from aquatic products, livestock and poultry cultivation, account for 20%～30% from town domestic sewage and mud, also have other sources to account for 10%～20%, illustrate that the self-pollution that aquaculture causes can not little Yu.Also show about the research of Hainan Province's immediate offshore area aquaculture recently ecosystem influence, aquaculture not only causes the coastal ocean biomass to increase, bio-diversity reduces, main is to cause water body N, P to improve, algal bloom, very easily break out red tide of sea (Pan Yingzi etc., 2007).

The source of N, P input is a feed in the aquaculture process, and the quality of feeding quality plays a decisive role to culturing the size of polluting.Feed mainly contains two aspects to the pollution of water body, and the one, the pollution of the part of not ingested in the input water comprises the dust in the pellet, the molten residual bait of becoming estranged and sinking under water of pellet nutrition before quilt is ingested.The 2nd, the aquatic livestock excreta comprises and does not digest and assimilate the N, the P that excrete with ight soil and protein metabolism end-product ammonia nitrogen etc.There is data to show, raises in the process feed loss in throwing and be about 13.87%～23.09%; Aquatic livestock has 73% amount to excrete and to enter in the water as excreta to taking in total nitrogen in the body, then has 76% to excrete (Kautsky, 2004) to phosphorus.

In the prior art, the breed of river crab is a bait with wheat, corn, pumpkin, the bright wild fishes of ice mainly, and is especially serious to the pollution of water environment.According to 2002 to 2004 we the investigation at 376 culture of Chinese mitten crab families, Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces area is shown that mu is thrown something and fed ice fresh fish 40kg to 170kg, on average 100kg; Raw grain 30kg～270kg such as corn, wheat, on average 86kg throw something and feed; Per mu yield river crab 15～50kg, average 32.5kg.Therefore, support in the crab process the about 27.0kg/ mu of N/year by feed input water body, the about 0.88kg/ of P/mu, by fishing for the about 4.9kg/ of N/mu that river crab is exported, the about 0.13kg/ of P/mu, the N that imports water body only is 22.1kg//mu, P is 0.75kg//mu.

As seen, the feed for river crab of exploitation environment-friendly type makes it both to be suitable for culture of Chinese mitten crab, can reduce nitrogen to water body, phosphorus output again, for the improvement of culture of Chinese mitten crab water quality with culture the tail water qualified discharge and have great significance.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of environment-friendly type feed for river crab,, reduce feed coefficient, improve the stability of feed in water to improve the digestibility and the deposition of raising N, P in the river crab process.

To achieve the above object of the invention, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of environment-friendly type feed for river crab, it is characterized in that, and by weight percentage, comprising:

Fish meal 5～18%

Blood meal (AP301) 1～3%

Cuttlefish cream 0～6%

Dregs of beans 15～28%

Peanut cake 0～11%

The dish dregs of rice 0～20%

Cotton dregs 10～30%

Wheat 8～15%

Gao Zhu flour 8～20%

Soybean lecithin 1～3%

Defatted rice bran 0～8%

Maize gluten feed (DDGS) 0～8%

Malt root 0～10%

Fish oil 1～2%

Vegetable oil 1～2%

Phytase additive 500-800U/kg feed

Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0～1%

Arginine 0.05～0.30%

Glycine 0.05～0.30%.

In the technique scheme, according to river crab different protein sources and amino acid whose bioavailability are chosen various raw materials and content thereof to realize the balance of feed amino acid, according to main ANFs in the plant feed action rule and the physiological effect of river crab are determined SC service ceiling, add the palatability of arginine and glycine raising feed, used the external source phytase to improve the utilization ratio of feed phosphorus.

Because the employing of technique scheme, compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantage:

1. the present invention disposes raw material to realize the balance of feed amino acid according to river crab to the protein sources in the different material and amino acid whose bioavailability, improved the utilization rate of river crab to feed, thereby has reduced the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in the feed, has improved cultivation water; Test finds, under the situation that does not change formulation cost, feed coefficient drops to 1.6 from 2.1, drops to 1.3 from 1.7, and the minimizing of input amount has reduced the pollution of culture of Chinese mitten crab process, and when feed coefficient was identical, formulation cost descended 130～400 yuan/ton.

Since in the plant feed about 2/3rds phosphorus be phytate phosphorus, can not be utilized, not only cause the phosphor resource waste, and the phytate phosphorus major part discharges from fecaluria, can cause that serious environmental pollutes, and the present invention has added phytase in feed, by phytic acid and complex compound thereof abundant in the feed are decomposed into the Phos and the inositol that can be utilized, improve the utilization rate of feed phosphorus, feed N of the present invention, P deposition efficiency all＞28%, and commercially available feed is generally about 20%.

3. owing in feed for river crab, added phagostimulants such as arginine and glycine, be 3% o'clock of feed for river crab in the throwing amount of raising, the river crab speed of ingesting was eaten up from 1-2 hour shorten to 0.5-1 hour and be eaten up, reduced feed waste, improved cultivation water.

The specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is further described:

Embodiment one:

A kind of environment-friendly type feed for river crab is made by the raw material of following weight item: excellent fish meal 15%, blood meal (AP301) 3%, cuttlefish cream 5%, dregs of beans 17%, peanut cake 3.64%, the dish dregs of rice 6%, cotton dregs 20%, wheat 10%, Gao Zhu flour 15%, soybean lecithin 2%, fish oil 1%, soya-bean oil 1%, phytase 500U/Kg (add carrier and account for 1% weight altogether), calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1%, arginine 0.1%.

Industrial experimentation is found, adopts feed of the present invention to raise after 3 months, and the river crab average weight is 146g/, and feed coefficient is 1.3, and its N, P deposition are respectively 29% and 28%, and the river crab speed of ingesting is very fast.Its cost is 3541 yuan/ton.

Comparative Examples one:

A kind of feed for river crab, come component design with chemical composition in the feedstuff, make: excellent fish meal 14%, blood meal (AP301) 3%, cuttlefish cream 6%, dregs of beans 17%, peanut cake 9.64%, cotton dregs 19%, wheat 14%, Gao Zhu flour 11%, soybean lecithin 2%, fish oil 1%, soya-bean oil 1%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2%, many ore deposits premix 0.22%, M100 multidimensional premix 0.14% by the raw material of following weight item.

This feed cost is 3543 yuan/ton, be more or less the same with the cost of embodiment one, but industrial experimentation finds, adopts this feed to raise after 3 months, the river crab average weight be 128g/ only, feed coefficient is 1.7, it is 23% and 21% that its N, P deposition are respectively.

As seen, compare with Comparative Examples one, the feed gaining effect of embodiment one is good, N, P deposition height.

Embodiment two:

A kind of environment-friendly type feed for river crab is made by the raw material of following weight item: excellent fish meal 8%, blood meal (AP301) 2%, cuttlefish cream 5%, dregs of beans 28%, peanut cake 10.49%, cotton dregs 19%, wheat 10%, Gao Zhu flour 11%, soybean lecithin 2%, fish oil 1%, vegetable oil 1%, phytase 500U/Kg (add carrier 1%), calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1%, glycine 0.1%, many ore deposits premix 0.22%, M100 multidimensional premix 0.14% totally.Cost is 3161 yuan/ton.

Comparative Examples two:

A kind of feed for river crab, come component design with chemical composition in the feedstuff, comprising: excellent fish meal 14%, blood meal (AP301) 3%, cuttlefish cream 6%, dregs of beans 17%, peanut cake 9.64%, cotton dregs 19%, wheat 14%, Gao Zhu flour 11%, soybean lecithin 2%, fish oil 1%, soya-bean oil 1%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2%, many ore deposits premix 0.22%, M100 multidimensional premix 0.14%.Cost is 3543 yuan/ton.

Industrial experimentation finds that embodiment two compares with Comparative Examples two, and rate of body weight gain and the feed efficiency of river crab slightly improve, and the feed cost of embodiment two has reduced by 382 yuan/ton.

Embodiment three:

A kind of environment-friendly type feed for river crab, raw material by following weight item is made: blood meal (AP301) 2%, dregs of beans 28%, the dish dregs of rice 10%, peanut cake 5%, cotton dregs 22.49%, corn 6%, wheat 8%, Gao Zhu flour 12%, soybean lecithin 2%, fish oil 1%, vegetable oil 1%, phytase 800U/Kg (add carrier totally 1%), calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1%, arginine 0.15%, many ore deposits premix 0.22%, M100 multidimensional premix 0.14%.Cost is 2352 yuan/ton.

Comparative Examples three:

A kind of feed for river crab, come component design with chemical composition in the feedstuff, comprising: excellent fish meal 7%, blood meal (AP301) 3%, dregs of beans 26%, cotton dregs 22.54%, corn 9%, wheat 15%, Gao Zhu flour 11%, soybean lecithin 2%, fish oil 1%, vegetable oil 1%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2%, arginine 0.1%, many ore deposits premix 0.22%, M100 multidimensional premix 0.14%.Cost is 2833 yuan/ton.

Industrial experimentation finds that embodiment three compares with Comparative Examples three, and rate of body weight gain and the feed efficiency of river crab slightly improve, and the feed cost of embodiment three has reduced by 481 yuan/ton.

Claims (1)

1. an environment-friendly type feed for river crab is characterized in that, by weight percentage, comprising:

Fish meal 5～18%

Blood meal 1～3%

Cuttlefish cream 0～6%

Dregs of beans 15～28%

Peanut cake 0～11%

The dish dregs of rice 0～20%

Cotton dregs 10～30%

Wheat 8～15%

Gao Zhu flour 8～20%

Soybean lecithin 1～3%

Defatted rice bran 0～8%

Maize gluten feed 0～8%

Malt root 0～10%

Fish oil 1～2%

Vegetable oil 1～2%

Phytase additive 500-800U/kg feed

Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0～1%

Arginine 0.05～0.30%

Glycine 0.05～0.30%.