CN103355491A - Alga immunopotentiation compound feed for litopenaeus vannamei - Google Patents
Alga immunopotentiation compound feed for litopenaeus vannamei Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103355491A CN103355491A CN201310320890XA CN201310320890A CN103355491A CN 103355491 A CN103355491 A CN 103355491A CN 201310320890X A CN201310320890X A CN 201310320890XA CN 201310320890 A CN201310320890 A CN 201310320890A CN 103355491 A CN103355491 A CN 103355491A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- parts
- feed
- vitamin
- marine alga
- meal
- Prior art date
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- 241000238553 Litopenaeus vannamei Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 230000002434 immunopotentiative effect Effects 0.000 title abstract 3
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
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- 235000005340 Asparagus officinalis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 241000206607 Porphyra umbilicalis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 40
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- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000000091 immunopotentiator Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 19
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 17
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture or feed, relates to a aquaculture feed, and especially relates to an alga immunopotentiation compound feed for litopenaeus vannamei. The invention at first provides an immunity strengthening agent for litopenaeus vannamei feed, and the agent is obtained through enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of an alga composite. The alga composite is composed of following components in parts by dried weight: 40 to 50 parts of asparagus, 15 to 25 parts of enteromorpha, 10 to 20 parts of ulva lactuca, 5 to 15 parts of laver and 5 to 15 parts of undaria pinnatifida. The invention further prepares a compound feed for litopenaeus vannamei by utilizing the immunity strengthening agent. The alga immunity strengthening agent contains algae polysaccharide, which has the effect of strengthening animal immunity, acrylic acid, terpenes, brominated phenolic and some sulfocompounds, which have the antiseptic effect, and sulphated polysaccharide, which has the antivirus effect. The litopenaeus vannameis fed on the alga immunopotentiation compound feed have a strong anti-stress performance, the body's immunity ability is improved, survival rate is high and culture benefit is remarkable.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aquaculture field or field of fodder, relate to a kind of aquaculture feed, relate in particular to a kind of marine alga immunity enhancement type compound feed for Litopenaeus vannamei.
Background technology
Shrimp is one of seafood products that are loved by the people, and supports shrimp and has brought good economic benefit to fishmen.Penaeus Vannmei is because growth is fast, and the culture-cycle is short, and population yield is high and become a conventional cultivation kind.
In recent years, along with population sharply increases, plough and to reduce in a large number, the feed serious problem that affect the aquaculture fast development that become in short supply, the contradiction that man and animal is striven grain also more seriously.Because marine alga is autophyte, can carry out photosynthesis, and the inorganic substances in the ocean are converted into organic substance, so marine alga is the abundant low-cost feed resource of animal, marine alga is very large as feedstuff and feed addictive potentiality to be exploited.In addition, the physiological activator that marine alga contains abundant algal polysaccharides, protein, fat, vitamin, mineral matter and has special efficacy is the raw material storage of food, medicine, feed.Sea-plant is nutritious, contains various bioactivators, have strengthen immunity of organisms, disease-resistant, antiviral, promote the biologically active such as growth.Therefore, exploitation sea-plant feed promotes that animal husbandry development is just increasingly in widespread attention.
Although marine alga has many good qualities as raw material of aquatic product feed stuff or feed addictive, come with some shortcomings in the aquatic feeds sector application of China.Mainly contain 3 points: 1) tangleweed is lacked system and in depth study; 2) cultivated animals is poor to the digestion power of algal polysaccharides, causes easily the waste of resource, and production technology is a great problem that the seaweed fodder commercial development faces; 3) composition of the nutriment of various algae and content difference are very large in the tangleweed, science compatibility reasonable combination how, and its special efficacy of competence exertion reaches safe and efficient, improves the purpose of breeding performonce fo animals.
Along with the deterioration of breeding environment, the development of the diseases such as bacterium, the madness such as Deaths syndrome (EMS) sweep across China and even the whole world, so that the aquaculture of Penaeus Vannmei has been subject to serious blow in recent years.The problems such as the Penaeus Vannmei immunity of organisms is low, growth is slow, morbidity is severe, survival rate is low have had influence on the sound development of culture of Penaeus vannamei industry.Prawn feed has been as one of most important means of production in the culture of Penaeus vannamei (having accounted for 50-70 part of totle drilling cost), and its quality parameter all has important impact to the immune disease-resistance power of prawn body, the speed of growth, feed coefficient, cultivation survival rate, culture benefit etc.
Summary of the invention
For above deficiency, the invention provides a kind of science compatibility, that digestive utilization ratio is high, good palatability, growth is rapid, water stability good, feed coefficient is low, survival rate is high, the significant marine alga immunity enhancement type compound feed for Litopenaeus vannamei of culture benefit.
The present invention achieves the above object by following scheme:
Invention provides a kind of immunopotentiator for penaeus vannamei boone feed, obtained through enzymolysis, fermentation by the marine alga composition, described marine alga composition calculates according to the dry measure umber, is comprised of 5 ~ 15 parts of 40 ~ 50 parts of asparagus, 15 ~ 25 parts of Enteromorphas, 10 ~ 20 parts of sea lettuces, 5 ~ 15 parts of lavers, undaria pinnitafida.
Described enzymolysis, fermentation are successively to add papain, cellulase in the marine alga composition, two step enzymolysis.Further ferment behind the enzymolysis, namely add lactic acid bacteria and yeast, get immunopotentiator after the fermentation.
More particularly, be with the marine alga composition after crushed again, add water and papain, in 50～60 ℃ of enzymolysis 100～150 minutes; Regulate pH to 5.0 ~ 5.5, add again the plain enzyme of dimension, in 50～65 ℃ of enzymolysis 70～110 minutes; After the cooling, add again lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycete, fermented 10-12 hour and get.
As a kind of preferred embodiment, above-mentioned enzymolysis, fermentation can realize by following steps: described marine alga composition is carried out enzymolysis and fermentation again after ultramicro grinding is crossed 200 mesh sieves; Process is: and the distilled water that the marine alga adding after the pulverizing was sterilized (the algae powder: water=1:5), stir and form the marine alga slurries, add papain (the every gram of 100,000 u, quality are than papain: seawood meal=2:100) maintain the temperature at 50～60 ℃, stirred enzymolysis 100～150 minutes; Use the salt acid for adjusting pH value of every liter of 4mol between 5.0 ~ 5.5, add cellulase 5000～10000 μ/Kg digestive juice, maintain the temperature at 50～65 ℃, stirred enzymolysis 70～110 minutes; Cool to 40 ℃, add lactic acid bacteria (100,000,000 every milliliter) and dusty yeast (dry: total liquid=1:100), stirred rear sealed fermenting 10-12 hour, then improve temperature to 95 ℃, kept 15 minutes; Spray-drying obtains pulvis.
Preferably, the best hydrolysis temperature of papain is 55 ℃, and enzymolysis time is 120 minutes, and the best hydrolysis temperature of cellulase is 60 ℃, and enzymolysis time is 90 minutes; Best fermentation time is 11 hours behind adding lactic acid bacteria and the yeast.
As a kind of preferred embodiment, described marine alga immunopotentiator is crossed 200 mesh sieves by 45 parts asparagus, 20 parts Enteromorpha, 15 parts sea lettuce, 10 parts laver, 10 parts undaria pinnitafida mixing by ultramicro grinding, and enzymolysis process is prepared from by fermentation.
Invention provides a kind of marine alga immunity enhancement type compound feed for Litopenaeus vannamei simultaneously, the component that comprises following parts by weight: krill meal 5-10 part, high-quality fish meal 15-28 part, fly maggot powder 1-5 part, chicken meal 6-9 part, meat meal tankage 3-7 part, dried silkworm chrysalis meal 2-6 part, shrimp shell meal 2-5 part, fermented bean dregs 4-10 part, dehulled soybean meal 5-15 part, corn protein powder 2-7 part, high muscle wheat flour 12-20 part, fish oil 1-4 part, soya-bean oil 1-3 part, soybean lecithin oil 1-4 part, Choline Chloride 0.1-0.4 part, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1-3 part, marine alga immunopotentiator 1-4 part (being above-mentioned immunopotentiator), additive 2.5-3.5 part, phagostimulant 0.8-1.2 part.
Preferably, also contain vitamin 0.2-0.5 part; Described vitamin is one or more in vitamin A, cholecalciferol, vitamin E, prokeyvit, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, cobalamin, biotin, nicotinic acid, calcium pantothenate, folic acid, inositol, the VC monophosphate fat.
For example in a kind of preferred scheme, the B B-complex content in the described feed per ton is:
Vitamin A 800-1200 ten thousand IU, cholecalciferol 200-250 ten thousand IU, vitamin E 40-60g, prokeyvit 10-15g, vitamin B1 4-8 g, vitamin B2 20-30g, vitamin B6 8-12g, cobalamin 15-25mg, biotin 60-100mg, nicotinic acid 30-50g, calcium pantothenate 20-30g, folic acid 2-3g, inositol 120-180g, VC monophosphate fat 250-350g; Also can contain the person's of having a surplus defatted rice bran.
Preferably, described feed also contains mineral matter 1-3 part; Described mineral matter is one or more in calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, cobalt, iodine, the selenium.For example in a kind of preferred scheme, the composite mineral matter content in the described feed per ton is: calcium 70-90g, phosphorus 80-100g, potassium 80-100g, magnesium 8-13g, iron 1-2g, zinc 8-12g, copper 2-4g, cobalt 120-180mg, iodine 50-70mg, selenium 2-4mg; Also can contain the person's of having a surplus zeolite powder.Perhaps, more preferably: calcium 80g, phosphorus 90g, potassium 90g, magnesium 11g, iron 1. 1g, zinc 10g, copper 3. 0g, cobalt 160mg, iodine 60mg, selenium 3.7mg, the rest is zeolite powder.
More preferably, described fish meal, the content of its thick protein reach more than 64 parts, and freshness (VBN) is less than 120mg/100g; Described krill, the content of its thick protein reach more than 60 parts; Described chicken meal, the content of its thick protein reach more than 65 parts; Described dregs of beans, the content of its thick protein reaches more than 47 parts.
Feed of the present invention, comprise protein sources raw material, fat source raw material, sugared source raw material, marine alga immunopotentiator, B B-complex, composite mineral salt, additive etc., described protein sources is mainly derived from krill, fish meal, fly maggot powder, chicken meal, meat meal tankage, fermented bean dregs, high protein bean pulp, corn protein powder, and described fat source is mainly derived from fish oil, phosphatide oil or its mixture.
Its nutritional labeling forms: crude protein 40-43 part, crude fat 5-9 part, total reducing sugar 14-31 part, crude fibre 3-11 part, ash 8-16 part, salinity 1-4 part, total phosphorus 1-3 part, moisture 8-12 part.Its trophic structure characteristics especially are adapted to the physilogical characteristics of Penaeus Vannmei, the high-quality and efficient protein sources that content is higher can provide sufficient protein, the high-speed rapid growth phase that can postpone prawn, fat content/content of cellulose that while is on the low side and phagostimulant are conducive to promoting the promotion growth of ingesting that reasonably the aliphatic acid composition is beneficial to and improves human body immune function and anti-stress ability.
Preferably, described feed also can contain 1 part of phagostimulant, and described phagostimulant is both mixtures of DMPT or TMAO or arbitrary proportion.
Preferably, additive is multiple in antioxidant, anticorrisive agent, betaine, the compound amino acid.Amino acid whose interpolation both can have been played the good palatability effect that improves, and can also effectively improve protein efficiency ratio, PER and feed efficiency.
Such as, as preferred embodiment a kind of, the additive that can adopt is 0.2 part of betaine, 0.02 part of antioxidant, 0.1 part of mould inhibitor, 0.5 part of ispol, 2.18 parts in carrier.Further preferred, described ispol is four kinds or five kinds in L-alanine, L-methionine, histidine, arginine, the ornithine.Described antioxidant is that dibutyl is through both mixtures of basic toluene or ethoxyquinoline or arbitrary proportion; Described mould inhibitor is both or three's mixture of Sodium Benzoate or formic acid or calcium propionate or arbitrary proportion.
As a kind of preferred prescription, with air-dry thing weight percent meter, this feed is comprised of following component: krill meal 7-9 part, fish meal 20-27 part, fly maggot powder 1-5 part, chicken meal 6-9 part, meat meal tankage 3-7 part, dried silkworm chrysalis meal 2-6 part, shrimp shell meal 2-5 part, fermented bean dregs 4-10 part, high protein bean pulp 5-15 part, corn protein powder 2-7 part, high muscle wheat flour 13-20 part, the 1-4 of refined fish oil part, refining soya-bean oil 1-3 part, soybean lecithin oil 1-4 part, Choline Chloride 0.1-0.4 part, 0.2-0.5 part of B B-complex, composite mineral matter 1-3 part, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1-3 part, marine alga immunopotentiator 1-4 part, 3 parts of additives, 1 part of phagostimulant.
The advantage of marine alga immunity enhancement type penaeus vannamei boone feed of the present invention is:
1) owing to adds the marine alga immunopotentiator in this feed, the marine alga raw material that adopts has passed through the compatibility checking of science and strict quality management, and ultramicro grinding, fermentation enzymolysis PROCESS FOR TREATMENT have been passed through, the part of having degraded SNSP, contain various abundant amino acid (wherein L-alanine, L-methionine, histidine, arginine, ornithine etc. have strong food calling effect to prawn), good palatability, digestibility is high; Added simultaneously krill, our experiments show that, the Penaeus Vannmei of this feed of feeding, good palatability, Feeding Velocity is fast, digests, and has reduced the molten mistake of feed in water, and fast growth goes out pool time weak point, can shift to an earlier date 5-10 days and go out the pool;
2) owing to add the marine alga immunopotentiator in this feed, algal polysaccharides wherein has the effect that improves animal immunizing power, and the acrylic acid that contains, terpenes, bromination phenols and some sulfur-containing compound have antibacterial action, and sulfated polysaccharide has antivirus action; The Penaeus Vannmei of this feed of feeding, anti-stress ability is strong, and the immunity of organism premunition improves, and survival rate is high, and culture benefit is remarkable;
3) because the marine alga immunopotentiator that adds in this feed all contains a certain amount of biological viscosity jelly, after processing, can become the natural high-quality binder of feed, can strengthen the stability of fish and shrimp feed, prevent water pollution;
4) since in this feed except the collocation of many animals protein raw materials and plant protein material, overcome the problem of single protein sources amino acid imbalance, added simultaneously ispol, so that the balance more of the amino acid in the feed, the amino acid nutrient demand that more meets Penaeus Vannmei, effectively promote prawn to synthesize the body protein of self, reduced the discharging of nitrogen;
5) because this feed adopts calcium dihydrogen phosphate as the additional source of calcium and phosphorus, improve absorption rate, noted simultaneously proportional balancing method, effectively reduced the discharging of phosphorus, reduced the pollution of water body;
6) because employed raw material is feedstuff, do not contain artificial color and chemical addition agent, can not produce harmful effect to the nutritive value of Penaeus Vannmei.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the present invention is further specified.
Embodiment 1
A kind of marine alga immunity enhancement type penaeus vannamei boone feed, with air-dry thing weight percent meter, its each component is:
7 parts of krill meals, 23 parts in fish meal powder, 3 parts of fly maggot powders, 7 parts of chicken meals, 4 parts of meat meal tankages, 3 parts of dried silkworm chrysalis meals, 3 parts of shrimp shell meals, 5 parts of fermented bean dregs, 10 parts of high protein bean pulps, 3 parts of corn protein powders, 17.6 parts of high muscle wheat flours, 1 part of refined fish oil, 1 part in refining soya-bean oil, 2 parts of soybean lecithin oil, 0.2 part of Choline Chloride, 0.2 part of B B-complex, 1.5 parts of composite mineral matters, 1.5 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphates, 3 parts of marine alga immunopotentiators, 3 parts of additives, 1 part of phagostimulant.
Wherein, the marine alga immunopotentiator is crossed 200 mesh sieves by 45 parts asparagus, 20 parts Enteromorpha, 15 parts sea lettuce, 10 parts laver, 10 parts undaria pinnitafida mixing by ultramicro grinding, and enzymolysis process is prepared from by fermentation.
Wherein, fermentation enzymolysis technical process is: the marine alga after the pulverizing adds the distilled water of sterilizing, and (the algae powder: water=1:5), stir and form the marine alga slurries adds papain (the every gram of 100,000 u, quality is than papain: seawood meal=2:100) 55 ℃, 120 minutes; Use the salt acid for adjusting pH value of every liter of 4mol between 5.5, add cellulase 5000 μ/Kg digestive juice, maintain the temperature at 60 ℃, 90 minutes; Cool to 40 ℃, add lactic acid bacteria (100,000,000 every milliliter) and dusty yeast (dry: total liquid=1:100), then the rear sealed fermenting 11 hours of stirring improves temperature to 95 ℃, keeps 15 minutes; Spray-drying obtains pulvis.
Wherein, 3 parts of additives are 0.2 part of betaine, 0.02 part of antioxidant, 0.1 part of mould inhibitor, 0.5 part of ispol, 2.18 parts in carrier.
Wherein, phagostimulant is the mixture of DMPT and TMAO (mass ratio is 3:1).
Wherein, antioxidant is ethoxyquinoline.
Wherein, mould inhibitor is calcium propionate.
Wherein, B B-complex content in the described feed per ton is: vitamin A 9,000,000 IU, cholecalciferol 2,200,000 IU, vitamin E 55g, prokeyvit 12g, vitamin B1 5 g, vitamin B2 15g, vitamin B6 10g, cobalamin 20mg, biotin 80mg, nicotinic acid 40g, calcium pantothenate 25g, folic acid 2. 5g, inositol 150g, VC monophosphate fat 300g the rest is defatted rice bran.
Wherein, the composite mineral matter content in the described feed per ton is: calcium 80, phosphorus 90g, potassium 90g, magnesium 11g, iron 1. 1g, zinc 10g, copper 3. 0g, cobalt 160mg, iodine 60mg, selenium 3.7mg, the rest is zeolite powder.
Contain 41.55 parts of crude protein in the present embodiment, 8.80 parts of crude fat, 11 parts of ash contents, 2 parts of salinities, 1.8 parts of total phosphorus, 11 parts of moisture.
Marine alga immunity enhancement type penaeus vannamei boone feed and the common penaeus vannamei boone feed of embodiment 1 are carried out check experiment, wherein, the common penaeus vannamei boone feed of control group, with air-dry thing weight percent meter, each component is: 30 parts of fish meal, 23 parts of dregs of beans, 3 parts of shrimp shell meals, 10 parts of peanut press pulps, 4 parts of cotton dregs, 4 parts of the dish dregs of rice, 20 parts of wheat flours, 1 part in fish oil, 1 part in soya-bean oil, 1 part of soybean lecithin oil, 1 part of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 parts of all the other additives.
In cultivation base, Zhanjiang East Sea Island, adopt embodiment 1 and the feed of control group to compare test, experimental group and control group be totally 10 mouthfuls of pools, 3 mu on every mouthful of pool, every mu of 50,000 tails, totally 150 ten thousand tails, the initial galassing of Penaeus Vannmei is the every tail of 0.26 gram, raised respectively 72 days, penaeus vannamei boone feed contrast with the control group of throwing something and feeding, throw something and feed 93.2 parts of the prawn survival rates of embodiment 1 marine alga immunity enhancement type penaeus vannamei boone feed, significantly improve with Penaeus Vannmei (77.2 parts of the survival rates) contrast of feeding control group feed, feed coefficient (1.01) contrast group (1.12) is lower slightly, and protein efficiency ratio, PER (2.21) is contrast group (2.05) height then, and the specification of prawn reaches the every tail of average weight 15.2 grams (control group is the every tails of 14.5 grams) behind the identical fate (72 days).Since the feed cost of the feed cost contrast group of embodiment 1 low 50 yuan per ton, and because the prawn specification is large selling price exceeds 0.5 yuan of shrimp per jin, every mu the culture benefit contrast group that adopts embodiment 1 to raise is earned 120 yuan more.
Embodiment 2
A kind of marine alga immunity enhancement type penaeus vannamei boone feed, with air-dry thing weight percent meter, its each component is:
6 parts of krill meals, 20 parts in fish meal powder, 4 parts of fly maggot powders, 6 parts of chicken meals, 4 parts of meat meal tankages, 4 parts of dried silkworm chrysalis meals, 4 parts of shrimp shell meals, 7 parts of fermented bean dregs, 7 parts of high protein bean pulps, 5 parts of corn protein powders, 17.2 parts of high muscle wheat flours, 1.5 parts of refined fish oils, 1 part in refining soya-bean oil, 3 parts of soybean lecithin oil, 0.2 part of Choline Chloride, 0.3 part of B B-complex, 1.8 parts of composite mineral matters, 2 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphates, 2 parts of marine alga immunopotentiators, 3 parts of additives, 1 part of phagostimulant.
Wherein, the marine alga immunopotentiator is crossed 200 mesh sieves by 45 parts asparagus, 20 parts Enteromorpha, 15 parts sea lettuce, 10 parts laver, 10 parts undaria pinnitafida mixing by ultramicro grinding, and enzymolysis process is prepared from by fermentation.
Wherein, fermentation enzymolysis technical process is: the marine alga after the pulverizing adds the distilled water of sterilizing, and (the algae powder: water=1:5), stir and form the marine alga slurries adds papain (the every gram of 100,000 u, quality is than papain: seawood meal=2:100) 55 ℃, 120 minutes; Use the salt acid for adjusting pH value of every liter of 4mol between 5.5, add cellulase 5000 μ/Kg digestive juice, maintain the temperature at 60 ℃, 90 minutes; Cool to 40 ℃, add lactic acid bacteria (100,000,000 every milliliter) and dusty yeast (dry: total liquid=1:100), then the rear sealed fermenting 11 hours of stirring improves temperature to 95 ℃, keeps 15 minutes; Spray-drying obtains pulvis.
Wherein, 3 parts of additives are 0.2 part of betaine, 0.02 part of antioxidant, 0.1 part of mould inhibitor, 0.5 part of ispol, 2.18 parts in carrier.
Wherein, phagostimulant is DMPT and TMAO (mass ratio is 2:1).
Wherein, antioxidant is that dibutyl is through basic toluene and ethoxyquinoline (mass ratio is 1:3).
Wherein, mould inhibitor is Sodium Benzoate and calcium propionate (mass ratio is 1:4).
Wherein, B B-complex content in the described feed per ton is: vitamin A 9,000,000 IU, cholecalciferol 2,200,000 IU, vitamin E 55g, prokeyvit 12g, vitamin B1 5 g, vitamin B2 15g, vitamin B6 10g, cobalamin 20mg, biotin 80mg, nicotinic acid 40g, calcium pantothenate 25g, folic acid 2. 5g, inositol 150g, VC monophosphate fat 300g the rest is defatted rice bran.
Wherein, the composite mineral matter content in the described feed per ton is: calcium 80g, phosphorus 90g, potassium 90g, magnesium 11g, iron 1. 1g, zinc 10g, copper 3. 0g, cobalt 160mg, iodine 60mg, selenium 3.7mg, the rest is zeolite powder.
Contain 41.2 parts of crude protein in the present embodiment, 8.10 parts of crude fat, 10 parts of ash contents, 2.1 parts of salinities, 1.6 parts of total phosphorus, 11.3 parts of moisture.
Marine alga immunity enhancement type penaeus vannamei boone feed and the common penaeus vannamei boone feed of embodiment 2 are carried out check experiment, wherein, the common penaeus vannamei boone feed of control group, with air-dry thing weight percent meter, each component is: 30 parts of fish meal, 23 parts of dregs of beans, 3 parts of shrimp shell meals, 10 parts of peanut press pulps, 4 parts of cotton dregs, 4 parts of the dish dregs of rice, 20 parts of wheat flours, 1 part in fish oil, 1 part in soya-bean oil, 1 part of soybean lecithin oil, 1 part of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 parts of all the other additives.
In sluice gate cultivation base, Zhuhai, Guangdong, adopt embodiment 2 and the feed of control group to compare test, experimental group and control group be totally 8 mouthfuls of pools, 4 mu on every mouthful of pool, every mu of 50,000 tails, totally 160 ten thousand tails, the initial galassing of Penaeus Vannmei is the every tail of 0.34 gram, raised respectively 74 days, penaeus vannamei boone feed contrast with the control group of throwing something and feeding, throw something and feed 94.2 parts of the prawn survival rates of embodiment 2 Penaeus Vannmei fish meal-less feeds, significantly improve with Penaeus Vannmei (74.2 parts of the survival rates) contrast of feeding control group feed, feed coefficient (1.06) contrast group (1.19) is lower slightly, and protein efficiency ratio, PER (2.13) is contrast group (2.03) height then, and the specification of prawn reaches the every tail of average weight 14.8 grams (control group is the every tails of 14.1 grams) behind the identical fate (74 days).Since the feed cost of the feed cost contrast group of embodiment 2 low 60 yuan per ton, and because the prawn specification is large selling price exceeds 0.5 yuan of shrimp per jin, every mu the culture benefit contrast group that adopts embodiment 1 to raise is earned 110 yuan more.
Embodiment 3
A kind of marine alga immunity enhancement type penaeus vannamei boone feed, with air-dry thing weight percent meter, its each component is:
8 parts of krill meals, 19 parts in fish meal powder, 4 parts of fly maggot powders, 9 parts of chicken meals, 3 parts of meat meal tankages, 5 parts of dried silkworm chrysalis meals, 3 parts of shrimp shell meals, 5 parts of fermented bean dregs, 9 parts of high protein bean pulps, 3 parts of corn protein powders, 15.6 parts of high muscle wheat flours, 1.5 parts of refined fish oils, 1.5 parts in refining soya-bean oil, 2.5 parts of soybean lecithin oil, 0.4 part of Choline Chloride, 0.5 part of B B-complex, 1 part of composite mineral matter, 1 part of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 4 parts of marine alga immunopotentiators, 3 parts of additives, 1 part of phagostimulant.
Wherein, the marine alga immunopotentiator is crossed 200 mesh sieves by 45 parts asparagus, 20 parts Enteromorpha, 15 parts sea lettuce, 10 parts laver, 10 parts undaria pinnitafida mixing by ultramicro grinding, and enzymolysis process is prepared from by fermentation.
Wherein, fermentation enzymolysis technical process is: the marine alga after the pulverizing adds the distilled water of sterilizing, and (the algae powder: water=1:5), stir and form the marine alga slurries adds papain (the every gram of 100,000 u, quality is than papain: seawood meal=2:100) 55 ℃, 120 minutes; Use the salt acid for adjusting pH value of every liter of 4mol between 5.5, add cellulase 5000 μ/Kg digestive juice, maintain the temperature at 60 ℃, 90 minutes; Cool to 40 ℃, add lactic acid bacteria (100,000,000 every milliliter) and dusty yeast (dry: total liquid=1:100), then the rear sealed fermenting 11 hours of stirring improves temperature to 95 ℃, keeps 15 minutes; Spray-drying obtains pulvis.
Wherein, 3 parts of additives are 0.2 part of betaine, 0.02 part of antioxidant, 0.1 part of mould inhibitor, 0.5 part of ispol, 2.18 parts in carrier.
Wherein, phagostimulant is DMPT and TMAO (mass ratio is 4:1).
Wherein, antioxidant is that dibutyl is through basic toluene and ethoxyquinoline (mass ratio is 1:4).
Wherein, mould inhibitor is Sodium Benzoate and calcium propionate (mass ratio is 1:4).
Wherein, B B-complex content in the described feed per ton is: vitamin A 9,000,000 IU, cholecalciferol 2,200,000 IU, vitamin E 55g, prokeyvit 12g, vitamin B1 5 g, vitamin B2 15g, vitamin B6 10g, cobalamin 20mg, biotin 80mg, nicotinic acid 40g, calcium pantothenate 25g, folic acid 2. 5g, inositol 150g, VC monophosphate fat 300g the rest is defatted rice bran.
Wherein, the composite mineral matter content in the described feed per ton is: calcium 80g, phosphorus 90g, potassium 90g, magnesium 11g, iron 1. 1g, zinc 10g, copper 3. 0g, cobalt 160mg, iodine 60mg, selenium 3.7mg, the rest is zeolite powder.
Contain 41.9 parts of crude protein in the present embodiment, 7.9 parts of crude fat, 13 parts of ash contents, 2.8 parts of salinities, 1.9 parts of total phosphorus, 10.5 parts of moisture.
Marine alga immunity enhancement type penaeus vannamei boone feed and the common penaeus vannamei boone feed of embodiment 3 are carried out check experiment, wherein, the common penaeus vannamei boone feed of control group, with air-dry thing weight percent meter, each component is: 30 parts of fish meal, 23 parts of dregs of beans, 3 parts of shrimp shell meals, 10 parts of peanut press pulps, 4 parts of cotton dregs, 4 parts of the dish dregs of rice, 20 parts of wheat flours, 1 part in fish oil, 1 part in soya-bean oil, 1 part of soybean lecithin oil, 1 part of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 parts of all the other additives.
In cultivation base, father-in-law field, Hainan, adopt embodiment 3 and the feed of control group to compare test, experimental group and control group be totally 10 mouthfuls of pools, 5 mu on every mouthful of pool, every mu of 60,000 tails, totally 300 ten thousand tails, the initial galassing of Penaeus Vannmei is the every tail of 0.42 gram, raised respectively 68 days, penaeus vannamei boone feed contrast with the control group of throwing something and feeding, throw something and feed 88.2 parts of the prawn survival rates of embodiment 3 Penaeus Vannmei fish meal-less feeds, significantly improve with Penaeus Vannmei (71.8 parts of the survival rates) contrast of feeding control group feed, feed coefficient (1.09) contrast group (1.20) is lower slightly, and protein efficiency ratio, PER (2.34) is contrast group (2.25) height then, and the specification of prawn reaches the every tail of average weight 17.3 grams (control group is the every tails of 16.8 grams) behind the identical fate (68 days).Since the feed cost of the feed cost contrast group of embodiment 3 low 54 yuan per ton, and because the prawn specification is large selling price exceeds 0.45 yuan of shrimp per jin, every mu the culture benefit contrast group that adopts embodiment 1 to raise is earned 90 yuan more.
Claims (9)
1. immunopotentiator that is used for penaeus vannamei boone feed, it is characterized in that, obtained through enzymolysis, fermentation by the marine alga composition, described marine alga composition calculates according to the dry measure umber, is comprised of 5 ~ 15 parts of 40 ~ 50 parts of asparagus, 15 ~ 25 parts of Enteromorphas, 10 ~ 20 parts of sea lettuces, 5 ~ 15 parts of lavers, undaria pinnitafida.
2. immunopotentiator as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described enzymolysis, fermentation, be in the marine alga composition, add papain and cellulase respectively enzymolysis, add lactic acid bacteria and culture propagation again and get.
3. immunopotentiator as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that described enzymolysis, fermentation, is with the marine alga composition after crushed, adds water and papain again, in 50～60 ℃ of enzymolysis 100～150 minutes; Add again the plain enzyme of dimension, in 50～65 ℃ of enzymolysis 70～110 minutes; After the cooling, add again lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycete, fermented 10-12 hour and get.
4. marine alga immunity enhancement type compound feed for Litopenaeus vannamei is characterized in that comprising the component of following parts by weight: krill meal 5-10 part, high-quality fish meal 15-28 part, fly maggot powder 1-5 part, chicken meal 6-9 part, meat meal tankage 3-7 part, dried silkworm chrysalis meal 2-6 part, shrimp shell meal 2-5 part, fermented bean dregs 4-10 part, dehulled soybean meal 5-15 part, corn protein powder 2-7 part, high muscle wheat flour 12-20 part, fish oil 1-4 part, soya-bean oil 1-3 part, soybean lecithin oil 1-4 part, Choline Chloride 0.1-0.4 part, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1-3 part, marine alga immunopotentiator 1-4 part.
5. mixed feed as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that also containing vitamin 0.2-0.5 part; Described vitamin is one or more in vitamin A, cholecalciferol, vitamin E, prokeyvit, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, cobalamin, biotin, nicotinic acid, calcium pantothenate, folic acid, inositol, the VC monophosphate fat.
6. mixed feed as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that also containing mineral matter 1-3 part; Described mineral matter is one or more in calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, cobalt, iodine, the selenium.
7. mixed feed as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that also containing 1 part of phagostimulant, and described phagostimulant is both mixtures of DMPT or TMAO or arbitrary proportion.
8. mixed feed as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that also containing additive, and additive is one or more in antioxidant, anticorrisive agent, betaine, the amino acid.
9. mixed feed as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that described amino acid is one or more in L-alanine, L-methionine, histidine, arginine, the ornithine.
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